EP2674222A1 - Device for grinding bulky waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (1) has a cutting rotor (3) driven by a motor and provided with a blade (4) and a base plate (6). A cutting profile of the cutting rotor cooperates with a counter part (7) i.e. counter blade. The counter part is formed by the cutting profile or fastened at the base plate or adapted to the cutting profile. The base plate comprises an openable flap (8) to deliver a rough part. A lower toggle lever is provided for opening the flap. The lower toggle lever is brought into a stable position, in which the lower toggle lever holds the flap in a form-fit manner. An independent claim is also included for a method for cutting wastes such as splinters.

Description

The invention relates to a device for crushing waste, in particular chips, with at least one motor, a drivable by the motor cutting rotor with at least one cutting edge and at least one bottom plate, wherein a cutting profile of the cutting rotor with at least one cutting profile adapted, attached to the bottom plate or by this formed counterpart, in particular a counter knife cooperates.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for crushing lumpy wastes such as chips, which are contaminated with heavy crushable coarse pieces, with a device.

From the state of the art, various devices have been known for shredding waste, which shred waste with a cutting rotor and a cooperating with the cutting rotor bottom plate. The waste is unloaded on the bottom plate and pressed by gravity or by means of a feed slide to the cutting rotor, which performs the crushing. Such devices have the particular disadvantage that a comminution process must be interrupted if a non-comminutable coarse part blocks the cutting rotor. The coarse fraction and waste above the coarse fraction must then be removed resulting in long downtimes that reduce the efficiency of the process.

The object of the invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned, which does not require interruption of the comminution process when a non-comminutable coarse fraction occurs.

Another object is to provide a method of the type mentioned, which overcomes or at least reduces the disadvantages of prior art methods.

The first object is achieved in that in a device of the type mentioned, the bottom plate has at least one openable flap to discharge a coarse fraction.

This allows a more efficient process without long downtimes because the coarse fraction can be discharged through the openable bottom plate and waste above the coarse fraction need not be removed.

Appropriately, the flap is designed to pivot downwards. In this way, the coarse fraction can be discharged by means of gravity.

To optimally utilize a space, it is advantageous if a pivot axis of the flap lies in a plane of the bottom plate. The pivot axis is that axis about which the flap is pivoted when opened.

Advantageously, a lower knee lever is provided for opening the flap, which is connected at a first end about a first axis rotatably connected to the at least one flap. Toggle levers have proven to perform under the use of a lever law clamping operations for which high forces are required. In particular, when large amounts of waste are on the bottom plate, a high force may be required to close the bottom plate. By means of a rotatably mounted at a first bearing lower knee lever this is possible in a simple manner and a lower gear ratio with little effort. A lower gear ratio results from a force exerted on the lower toggle in proportion to a force applied by a toggle actuating actuator. Preferably, the first axis is parallel to the pivot axis of the flap. In that case, the force exerted by the lower toggle is oriented substantially in the direction of a flap movement. The lower toggle preferably consists of a first lever and a second lever, which are rotatably connected to each other about a lower lever axis which is parallel to the first axis. The second lever is rotatably mounted about a second axis at a fixed position to absorb forces. The fixed position may be, for example, a point in a housing of the device, which is rigidly connected to a non-openable part of the bottom plate. For moving the lower toggle lever, an actuator such as a lower pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder may be provided, which is preferably connected to the lower toggle near the lower lever axis. Advantageously, the first lever and second lever or first axis and second axis are arranged relative to the pivot axis such that in a closed state of the flap, the first axis, the second Axle and the lower lever axis lie approximately in a plane, whereby the lower gear ratio is maximum in the closed state of the flap.

Preferably, the lower toggle is rotatably supported at a second end about a second axis parallel to the first axis in a housing of the device. Preferably, a bearing point on which the second end of the lower toggle lever is mounted, at a position which is so relative to the first bearing that the lower gear ratio decreases with increasing opening of the flap. Conversely, when the flap is closed, the lower gear ratio increases until the flap is completely closed, so that when the flap is closed, there is a high lower gear ratio. This allows holding the flap in operation with a low holding force, with high forces acting on the flap. If the first bearing point, the lower lever axis and the second bearing point in the closed state of the flap are approximately in a plane which is directed approximately perpendicular to the bottom plate, this is realized particularly favorable. An angle, which includes the first lever with the second lever is then less than 180 ° with the flap open and increases with increasing closing movement of the flap until this angle is about 180 ° with the flap closed. Preferably, first bearing point and second bearing point are located below the flap.

Conveniently, the lower toggle can be brought into a stable position, in which the lower toggle holds the at least one flap in a form-fitting manner. Because very high forces occur during operation due to crushing, a considerable force for holding the openable bottom plate is required even at high lower gear ratio. It has therefore been proven to bring the bottom plate in operation in a stable position to protect the actuator. Particularly simple, the lower toggle lever can be brought into a stable position when the lower toggle lever is arranged relative to the flap or the pivot axis such that the angle, which include first lever and second lever, in the closed state of the flap is more than 180 ° and a stop is provided which prevents further movement of the lower toggle lever in a direction in which the angle would be further increased. A force acting on the flap in the closed state is then absorbed by the lower knee lever and the stopper from the housing, so the actuator is not is claimed with operating staff. This is advantageous because when shredding waste high dynamic force peaks occur, which would damage the actuator.

To operate the lower toggle, the lower toggle is preferably connected to a lower pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder. Pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders have proven particularly useful for applying high forces. In addition, such devices have proven to be very reliable even in polluted environments. Preferably, the lower pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder is arranged such that it includes in a position in which the flap is closed, an angle of 40 ° to 140 ° with the lower knee lever preferably stretched in this position.

The wastes can be supplied to the cutting rotor solely by gravity. However, in order to achieve high throughputs, it has been proven that at least one feed slide is movably arranged on the base plate. Thereby, a pressing force of the waste to the cutting rotor can be increased.

Advantageously, the feed slide can be actuated via an upper toggle lever connected to the feed slide. Thus, a translation can also be achieved for the feed slide, whereby a required force of an actuator, which actuates the feed slide on the upper toggle lever is reduced. Moreover, it is also possible to realize an upper gear ratio depending on a feed slider position. The upper gear ratio is a ratio of a force exerted by the feed slider to a force applied by an actuator which drives the feed slider. For example, it can be provided that an upper transmission ratio increases or decreases with increasing movement of the feed slider. Preferably, the upper toggle lever is designed such that the upper gear ratio increases with decreasing distance of the feed slide to the cutting rotor. This is particularly easy when the upper toggle lever consists of two levers pivotally connected to one another about an upper lever axis, a lever being rotatably mounted in the housing and a second lever being rotatably connected to the feed slider. An angle, which include the two levers, is less than 180 ° with open feed slide and increases with increasing movement of the feed slider towards an end position in which the feed slide a has minimal distance from the cutting rotor. Preferably, the angle is about 180 ° when the feed slider is in the end position.

Conveniently, the feed slider is operable via an upper pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder connected to the feed slider. Such devices have proven to be cost effective and also in polluted environment reliable. The upper pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder is preferably rotatably supported in the housing such that the upper pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder encloses an angle of 40 ° to 140 °, in particular 70 ° to 110 °, with the upper toggle when the feed slider is in the end position , In this way, a high upper gear ratio of the force exerted by the upper toggle lever force is achieved by the pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder applied force.

It is favorable if a mechanism is provided which transmits a movement of the upper pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder with an upper gear ratio to a movement of the feed slider and in particular the upper gear ratio is dependent on a position of the feed slider. This is particularly easy to implement via the upper toggle lever. However, another type of transmission may be provided to translate a movement of an actuator, in particular a hydraulic cylinder, to a movement of the feed slider.

An efficiency of the device can be increased if a plurality, in particular two to five, supply slides are provided, which are arranged next to each other in particular, for example, approximately parallel to the base plate movable and preferably have the same dimensions. It has been recognized that one-piece feed valves have disadvantages when the waste to be shredded is inhomogeneous. It may then happen that the cutting rotor is claimed only on one side, because the feed slider is prevented by a difficult to crush on a feed movement. Only when the hard-to-shred part is crushed, a further supply of the remaining, located in front of the feeder slide waste is possible. This disadvantage is avoided if a plurality of feed valves are provided, because in this way different speeds are possible, with which the individual feed slide perform the feed movement. In this way, when you experience a heavier shredded waste on a feed gate only this one feed gate blocked and waste can be fed to the cutting rotor by means of the further feed slide. This results in a better utilization of the cutting rotor and a higher throughput of waste. Same dimensions of the feed gate have advantages in terms of manufacturing complexity and allow a modular design of the device. Also devices of different sizes can be formed by juxtaposing similar feed slider so a modular system.

It is advantageous that the feed slides contact each other at lateral contact surfaces having grooves extending in the direction of movement. In this way, a mutual guidance of the feed slider is made possible, wherein due to the grooves is also prevented that waste is clamped between the Zuführschiebern, which prevents relative movement of the feed slider. This also has a positive effect on wear of the feed slider. Alternatively, it can also be provided that the feed slides do not touch one another and have a spacing in order to completely avoid a relative movement on the lateral contact surfaces. In this case, the feed pushers do not extend over an entire width of the bottom plate, since gaps or gaps are provided between the feed pushers.

In order to achieve an adapted to the respective waste crushing force, it is advantageous if the feed slider is actuated force-controlled. For example, a uniform force can be exerted on the waste to be shredded. When using an upper pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, it is possible to control the force by controlling the pressure of the upper pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder. If a transmission is used for a force transmission between the upper pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder and the feed slider, in particular an upper toggle lever, the upper transmission ratio is preferably taken into account in a control of the pressure. By means of a force control, wear of the cutting rotor and throughput can be optimized.

The efficiency of the device can be further increased if several, in particular two to five, flaps are provided, which are independently openable and preferably have the same dimensions. A disadvantage of any ejection of a coarse fraction over the flap is that even shredderable waste is ejected.

Especially with a large device with a single wide flap, opening the flap would result in large amounts of shredded waste being shredded through the flap. This is eliminated by a plurality of flaps, which are preferably arranged side by side in the bottom plate. Thus, when a coarse fraction occurs, only the flap with which the coarse fraction is discharged can be selectively opened. Because the waste is usually in partially continuous bales on the bottom plate, when opening one of several flaps often only one located on the respective flap coarse part is discharged, which is not connected to the bale, while the crushable waste carried in bales of the other flaps stay on the floor plate. In this way, only the coarse fraction is discharged at best and a discharge of comminuted waste is completely avoided. It is therefore possible, when a coarse fraction occurs, to open the individual flaps in succession, in order to discharge the coarse fraction with a high degree of probability, without discharging comminuted waste. Alternatively, a coarse part recognition may be provided to detect the position of the coarse part and to open only that flap on which the coarse part is located. Assign the flaps of the same dimensions, a degree of uniformity is increased in a manufacturing, whereby the device is cheaper. At the same time a modular design is easier. If several feed slides are provided, a corresponding number of flaps with corresponding dimensions is preferably provided.

Coarse parts can be detected particularly easily when force measuring pins are connected to the at least one flap. An occurring coarse part leads to a blockage of the cutting rotor and a brief increase in a reaction force on the bottom plate or the flap. To determine the position of a coarse part, therefore, the reaction force of the flap can be measured in the direction of a cutting force, which is directed tangentially to a circumferential direction of the cutting rotor via force measuring bolt. It is favorable if the force measuring bolts are arranged in such a way that, during operation, they transmit at least part of the cutting force from the flap to the housing. This can be achieved for example by arranged between the flap and a support of the flap force measuring bolt.

Preferably, the flap is arranged downstream of a separate coarse-part shaft provided to accommodate coarse parts separately when opening the flap. So can coarse parts easily separated from shredded waste. This is advantageous because mostly higher prices can be achieved for coarse parts and so no subsequent sorting must be carried out in order to separate the high-quality coarse parts from the shredded waste.

Conveniently, at least one screen basket is provided with which shredded material is classified and discharged. The sieve basket allows a defined maximum grain size of the shredded waste.

A simplified operability can be achieved if several, in particular two to five, interchangeable screen baskets are provided. Thus, an operator can empty or maintain the individual baskets one after the other, while it would not be possible to replace a single strainer basket for a single person due to the high weight of the strainer basket.

In order to ensure easy access to the cutting rotor, a maintenance flap is preferably provided. For example, to exchange cutting blades of the cutting rotor or screen baskets, an access is advantageous, which is easily realized by a maintenance flap.

It is advantageous if the device is at least partially lined with a wear plate. Thus, in wear phenomena, only this wear plate, which is preferably arranged at positions with high wear, must be exchanged. Because downtime is reduced, costs can be saved. Desirably, wear bleaches are provided in the area around the cutting rotor in which the wastes are in direct contact with the device.

Advantageously, the counterpart is attached to the at least one flap by means of a wedge. So a simple exchange of the counterpart is possible. At the same time, the counterpart can simply be clamped.

Preferably, the counterpart is adjustable in position and angle with the flap closed. This is achieved by an accessibility of clamping screws, with which the wedge and the counterpart are stretched, from a position below the bottom plate. So can clamping operations even in a filled with waste device be performed. Since an operator is in an area under the flap when performing the clamping operation, it can be provided that the flap is mechanically locked to it, so that a risk of injury is reduced by a faulty open flap.

Preferably, the at least one cutting edge is fastened on the cutting rotor via a wear plate. The wear plates, which preferably consist of a hard metal, advantageously have an outer contour which corresponds approximately to that of the cutting plates. If wear plates are used, the rotor can consist of a less expensive material since the cutting plates are kept wear-resistant by the wear plates. A connection between the cutting rotor, the wear plates and the cutting plates can be done by means of screws or welding. Advantage of this design is in particular that when a wear of a holder of the inserts not the cutting rotor must be exchanged or at least repaired, but only the wear plates are to be exchanged.

The throughput can be optimized if a speed of the cutting rotor is changeable. Thus, a cutting speed can be adapted to the waste, in order to achieve an optimal chip. A variable speed can be achieved, for example, by means of an asynchronous motor driven by a frequency converter. Of course, an alternative drive, for example by means of a torque motor, possible.

Conveniently, the motor is connected to the cutting rotor by at least one belt drive. In this way, fluctuations of the torque or impacts on the cutting shaft can be decoupled from the engine because a belt has a damping effect. To achieve a high speed ratio of an engine speed to a cutting rotor speed, for example, two belt drives can be connected in series to a multi-stage belt drive.

Advantageously, a slip clutch between the engine and the cutting rotor is provided. This prevents the cutting rotor from being damaged at impermissibly high torques. Also, in the case of a blockage of the cutting rotor by a coarse part of the motor decoupled from the cutting rotor, so that damage to the motor high dynamic moments is avoided. If the cutting rotor is driven by the engine through the transmission, in particular a belt drive, the slip clutch is preferably arranged between the transmission and the cutting rotor. In this way, in a blockage, an inertia of a drive train, which includes the transmission and the engine, separated from the cutting rotor.

Preferably, the motor is connected via a rocker with the device. In particular, when the motor is connected to the cutting rotor via a belt drive, a belt tension with a rocker can be easily readjusted. The rocker is preferably mounted rotatably in the housing of the device at one end about a rocker axis parallel to a motor shaft and mounted at a second end in the housing such that a rocker angle is variable. This can be realized for example by means of movable rods, in particular threaded rods, so that a belt tension can be easily changed by changing the swing angle.

In order to clean the cutting rotor of chips, a doctor blade may be provided. Chips are removed from this doctor blade, so that the cutting edges of the cutting rotor are regularly cleaned of chips. Preferably, the doctor blade, which preferably has a complementary profile to the cutting rotor, arranged in the rotational direction of the cutting rotor behind the screen basket. In this way, stripped chips are collected in the screen basket. Particularly preferably, the doctor blade is provided when the device is used for comminuting plastics.

The further object is achieved in that in a method of the type mentioned a coarse part is automatically detected and discharged via at least one flap.

Advantage of this method is that a crushing process does not have to be interrupted to remove the waste from the device before the coarse part can be removed.

Advantageously, the crushing process is automatically resumed after ejecting the coarse fraction. This is about a scheme that is a coarse part detects for example by means of force measuring bolt, ejects the coarse part by opening a flap and the comminution process then starts again, particularly low possible. The comminution process is preferably stopped when the coarse part is detected, either via a blockage of the cutting rotor or an increase in force on a force measuring bolt.

In order to apply high forces with low-cost components, it has proven useful if the at least one flap is actuated by means of a lower toggle lever. Thus, a high lower gear ratio, in particular in the range of an end position when the flap is almost closed, can be achieved.

Conveniently, a force is measured on the flap and detected a coarse part due to a measured force change. This can be done very easily via force measuring pins in the flaps. In particular, force measuring methods using strain gauges have proven particularly useful for measuring forces with high accuracy in an environment of waste crushing.

High throughputs can be achieved particularly well if the waste to be shredded is fed to the cutting rotor by means of at least one feed slide. This increases a force with which the waste is pressed against the cutting rotor.

Because hard-to-shred waste blocks the cutting rotor, more efficient utilization of the cutting rotor can be achieved when the scrap to be shredded is fed to the cutting rotor by means of several, especially two to five, feeding slides. Thus, in the case of a refractory refuse, only one portion of a feeder is blocked by the refractory refuse, while in the area of the other feeder the cutter is used.

The fact that large parts of the waste are discharged with the coarse parts, is prevented when coarse parts over several, especially two to five, flaps are discharged. In this way, only a coarse part is discharged, the waste, which lie mostly in bales on the bottom plate, at least partially remain on the bottom plate. Advantageously, when a coarse part is detected, the flaps are opened sequentially. As a result, the coarse part is discharged and achieved at least partial retention of the waste on the bottom plate, because the waste lying in contiguous bales on the bottom plate.

It has been proven that a sensor detects a position of the coarse part and that flap is opened on which the coarse part is located. This makes the process more efficient because the coarse part is ejected quickly. The sensors can have a force measuring pin in order to detect the coarse part via an increasing force. Alternatively or additionally, a camera can also be provided which visually recognizes the coarse part.

Conveniently, the cutting rotor is driven by a motor and decoupled when a coarse part of the engine. This avoids damaging the engine. At the same time, the cutting rotor can be braked with less wear in the case of a blockage because of a coarse part, since a moment of inertia of the motor is decoupled and does not act on the cutting rotor. If a transmission is provided between the motor and the cutting rotor, this is preferably also decoupled from the cutting rotor when a coarse part occurs together with the motor.

To dampen vibrations in a drive train and to prevent damage to the engine due to dynamic torque, the cutting rotor is preferably driven by belts.

• Fig. 1 und 2 Seitenansichten einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;
• Fig. 3 bis 6 isometrische Ansichten der Vorrichtung.

Further features, advantages and effects of the invention will become apparent from the embodiment illustrated below. In the drawings, to which reference is made, show:

• Fig. 1 and 2 Side views of a device according to the invention;
• Fig. 3 to 6 isometric views of the device.

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a side view of a section of a device 1 according to the invention, wherein in Fig. 1 the device 1 with closed flap 8 and in Fig. 2 the device 1 is shown with the flap 8 open. For better illustration is in particular, a side wall is not shown. Further, a cutting rotor 3 can be seen, the cutting has 4, which are formed by cutting plates. Further, a cooperating with the cutting edges 4 of the cutting rotor 3 designed as a counter knife counterpart 7 is provided which is clamped by means of a wedge 22, so that at a wear of the counterpart 7 a simple exchange of the counterpart 7 is possible. In order to crush waste, the waste is introduced from above into a hopper 5 of the device 1, in which they are moved by gravity to a bottom plate 6. On the bottom plate 6, three feed pushers 16, which are preferably movable in parallel, are provided, which lead waste disposed on the bottom plate 6 to the cutting rotor 3 in order to increase a throughput of waste through the device 1. The fact that waste between the feed slides 16 leads to wear of the feed slide 16 is preferably prevented by the feed slide 16 being connected to the lateral contact surfaces 19 via corresponding grooves extending in the direction of movement, as shown. In this way, a good guidance of the feed slider 16 is achieved. Although in the embodiment, three feed valves 16 are shown, an embodiment with only one feed slider 16 or more than three Zuführschiebern 16 is possible. An embodiment of the device 1 with a plurality of Zuführschiebern 16 has the particular advantage that a heavier shredded waste on a feed slider 16, the other feed slider 16 is not blocked, which may have different feed rates. In this way, the cutting rotor 3 can be used particularly well. It can also be seen that a feed slide 16 is driven by an upper hydraulic cylinder 18 via an upper toggle lever 17. The upper toggle lever 17 preferably has two approximately equally long levers which are connected to an upper lever axis 31 rotatable with each other and preferably near the upper lever axis 31 with the upper hydraulic cylinder 18. In order to achieve a particularly high throughput, the illustrated two levers upper knee lever 17 is rotatably connected at one end to the feed slider 16 and rotatably mounted at a second end in a fixed point of the device 1. It is favorable if an axis of rotation about which the upper toggle lever 17 is rotatably connected to the fixed point of the device 1, and a second axis of rotation about which the upper toggle lever 17 is rotatably connected to the feed slider 16 lie in a plane which is like is shown approximately parallel to the bottom plate 6. Preferably, the upper lever axis 31 is in an end position of Zuführschiebers 16 approximately in a plane with the axis of rotation described above. The upper hydraulic cylinder 18, which actuates the upper toggle lever 17, is in an end position of the feed slide 16 preferably at an angle 14 of 40 ° to 140 °, in particular 70 ° to 120 °, on the upper knee lever 17, which is preferably stretched in the end position End position is that position in which the feed slide 16 almost abuts the cutting rotor 3. In this way, a particularly high upper gear ratio in the range of the end position is achieved. Here, the upper gear ratio describes a ratio of a force of the feed slider 16 in the direction of the cutting rotor 3 to a force exerted by the upper hydraulic cylinder 18. The further feed slide 16 are driven via corresponding upper knee lever 17, which are not shown. Flaps 8 are provided in order to discharge coarse particles which are not comminuted by the cutting rotor 3. In Fig. 1 the flaps 8 are shown in a closed position, wherein the counterparts 7 fixed to the flaps 8 cooperate with the cutting edges 4 of the cutting rotor 3. The flaps 8 are rotatably mounted about a preferably arranged in the bottom plate 6 pivot axis 9. As shown, the flaps 8 are preferably operated by lower toggle levers 12 which are driven by lower hydraulic cylinders 13. Of course, an alternative operation via pneumatic cylinders, linear motors or the like is possible. The lower toggle levers 12 are preferably made of two about a lower lever shaft 30 rotatably interconnected levers, each flap 8 is rotatably connected to a respective lower knee lever 12 about a first axis 10. As shown, the lower toggle lever 12 is rotatable about a second axis 11 with a fixed point of the device 1, preferably a housing of the device 1, connected. A favorable lower gear ratio is achieved when the first axis 10 and the second axis 11 lie in a plane, wherein the plane is directed approximately perpendicular to the bottom plate 6. Further, it is advantageous if the lower toggle lever 12 is approximately stretched at a closed position of the flap 8, so that an angle 14, which includes the first lever with the second lever, is about 180 °. There are then the first axis 10, the lower lever axis 30 and the second axis 11 approximately in a plane. In this way, a particularly high lower gear ratio is achieved in an end position of the flap 8. It is particularly advantageous if the lower toggle lever 12 has an angle 14 of slightly more than 180 ° when the flap 8 is closed, so that the lower toggle 12 is slightly overstretched, a stop 15 being provided in order to further increase the angle 14 prevent. It is then derived a cutting force of the cutting rotor 3 on the flap 8 via the lower toggle 12 and the stop 15, whereby the lower hydraulic cylinder 13 is relieved. Further, a strainer basket 20 is provided to prevent discharge of non-shredded waste. In order to regularly clean the cutting rotor 3 of waste hanging in the cutting rotor 3, a doctor blade 28 is provided.

Fig. 2 shows the device 1 according to Fig. 1 , wherein a flap 8 is shown in an open state. Behind lying flaps 8 are not shown. It can be seen that the angle 14 of the lower toggle lever 12, which opens the flap 8, is smaller than 180 ° in an opened state of the flap 8. Non-shredded coarse parts can be discharged in this flap position in a lying below the flap 8 coarse shaft 29, from where they are preferably transported in a separate container. It is preferably automatically detected whether a coarse part, which is not comminuted, rests against the cutting rotor 3 and subsequently opens one or more flaps 8. In the illustrated embodiment, three independently openable flaps 8, which are each operable via a lower toggle lever 12, shown. However, it can also be provided only a flap 8, which covers an entire width of the bottom plate 6. Of course, a design with two or more than three flaps 8 is possible. If a coarse part is detected, if several flaps 8 are provided, the flaps 8 can be opened sequentially in order to discharge the coarse part. Because the waste located on the bottom plate 6 are mostly in continuous bales, in a sequential opening of flaps 8 next to the coarse fraction only small amounts of waste are discharged. This avoids unwanted ejection of shreds that can be shredded. A coarse part can be determined via a blockage of the cutting rotor 3, for example with a rotational speed measurement of the cutting rotor 3. Alternatively, a measurement of a cutting force on one or more of the flaps 8 is possible. A measurement of the cutting force can be determined by known methods of force measurement. Has proven particularly useful the use of force measuring pins, which are integrated in the flaps 8. Also, an optical detection of a coarse part, for example by means of a camera, is possible.

Fig. 3 shows an isometric view of the device 1, wherein for better illustration, individual parts, in particular a side wall, are not shown. It is apparent that arranged on the cutting rotor 3 cutting 4, which are formed by cutting plates. The cutting plates are connected to the cutting rotor 3 via wear plates 23, which are preferably made of hard metal. This has the advantage that when wear of the wear plates 23, not the cutting rotor 3, but only the wear plates 23 must be replaced. In order to keep a load on the motor 2, which drives the cutting rotor 3, approximately constant, the cutting edges 4 are spirally distributed over the cutting rotor 3. In Fig. 3 a state is shown in which a flap 8 is opened and the two further flaps 8 of the device 1 are closed. This state can occur, for example, if a coarse part is detected on the base plate 6 in the region of the opened flap 8. By opening the flap 8, the coarse portion is discharged into the underlying coarse part shaft 29. In order to minimize wear of the device 1, a region of the hopper 5, in which the waste comes into contact with the device 1, preferably lined with wear plates 32. It can be seen further that the upper toggle lever 17 are formed by two levers, wherein a lever is designed as a planar lever and a second lever which is connected to the feed slide 16, formed of two laterally of the first lever arranged elongated lever components. In this way, a uniform transmission of a force from the upper toggle lever 17 is ensured to the feed slider 16.

Fig. 4 shows an isometric view of a back of the device 1. It can be seen a maintenance flap 21, via which an operator access to the removable screen baskets 20 receives.

Fig. 5 shows an isometric view according to Fig. 4 , wherein a panel of a drive of the cutting rotor 3 is not shown. The cutting rotor 3 is driven as shown via a two-stage belt drive 24. This allows a favorable reduction of the engine speed to a speed of the cutting rotor 3, so that a motor 2 can be used at a speed which is substantially higher than a required speed of the cutting rotor 3. Due to the belts used high-frequency torque fluctuations on the cutting rotor 3 can be attenuated without causing damage to the engine 2. As a motor 2 is preferably a via a Frequency converter driven asynchronous motor used. Of course, another motor 2, in particular a torque motor can be used as an alternative to the asynchronous motor. Preferably, a speed of the cutting rotor 3 is adapted to the waste to be shredded in order to optimize or minimize throughput and wear of the device 1. In the case of a belt drive 24, it is advantageous if, as shown, the motor 2 is arranged on a rocker 26 rotatably mounted about a rocker axis 27. In this way, a belt tension of the belt can be adjusted in a particularly simple manner.

Fig. 6 shows a view according to Fig. 5 , in particular, the maintenance flap 21 is not shown. It can be seen that three screen baskets 20 are provided next to one another in order to be able to carry out a replacement of a screen basket 20 with only one operator. In order to service the cutting rotor 3, preferably the screen baskets 20 are removed, whereby accessibility to the cutting rotor 3 is provided. A particular advantage of the embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention is that the counterpart 7 can also be adjusted when the flap 8 is closed. This is achieved via accessible from below the flap 8 fasteners, in particular screws. To minimize a risk of injury to an operator when handling under the flap 8, it may be provided to fix the flap 8 during maintenance by means of a positive locking element. Next, a slip clutch 25 between the belt drive 24 and the cutting rotor 3 is shown schematically. The slip clutch 25 allows a rapid uncoupling of the drive train from the cutting rotor 3 in the case of a blockage of the cutting rotor 3 due to a non-comminutable coarse fraction. Thus, the cutting rotor 3 can be brought to a standstill quickly. In addition, a transmission of high torque to the motor 2 is prevented, which could lead to damage to the motor 2.

With the device 1 according to the invention an efficient crushing of waste is achieved, whereby coarse parts, which are not comminuted, can be discharged. Due to the preferably provided on the lower toggle lever 12 drive the flap 8, a high lower gear ratio in the range of the end position of the flap 8 and a positive retention of the flap 8 is achieved in the closed state. The same applies to the upper transmission ratio, which is optimized with the preferred use of an upper toggle lever 17. Because preferably several Feed slider 16 are provided side by side, a throughput of waste through the device 1 is maximized. A small loss of shredded waste is achieved in a preferred variant with a plurality of flaps 8 arranged next to one another. Due to the design with toggle levers and the resulting high forces, the device 1 for a wide range of waste, especially for metal waste such as chips, can be used.

Claims (15)

Device (1) for shredding waste, in particular chips, with at least one motor (2), a cutting rotor (3) drivable by the motor (2) with at least one cutting edge (4) and at least one base plate (6), wherein a cutting profile of the cutting rotor (3) with at least one cutting profile adapted, attached to the bottom plate (6) or formed by this counterpart (7), in particular a counter knife, cooperates, characterized in that the bottom plate (6) at least one openable flap (8) has to discharge a coarse fraction. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that for opening the flap (8) a lower toggle lever (12) is provided, which at a first end about a first axis (10) rotatably connected to the at least one flap (8) is. Device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower toggle lever (12) can be brought into a stable position, in which the lower toggle lever (12) holds the at least one flap (8) in a form-fitting manner. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on the bottom plate (6) at least one feed slide (16) is movably arranged, which is preferably actuated via a with the feed slide (16) connected to the upper toggle lever (17) , Device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the feed slide (16) via a with the feed slide (16) connected to the upper pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder (18) is operable, wherein preferably a mechanism is provided which movement of the upper pneumatic -
or hydraulic cylinder (18) with an upper gear ratio on a movement of the feed slider (16) transmits and in particular the upper gear ratio is dependent on a position of the feed slider (16). Device (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a plurality, in particular two to five, feeding slide (16) are provided, the side by side in particular approximately parallel to the bottom plate (6) are arranged to be movable and preferably have the same dimensions. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a plurality, in particular two to five, flaps (8) are provided, which are independently openable and preferably have the same dimensions. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that force measuring pins are connected to the at least one flap (8) in order to detect a coarse part. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a plurality, in particular two to five, exchangeable screen baskets (20) are provided. Method for comminuting lumpy wastes such as chips contaminated with heavy, comminuted coarse particles, with a device (1), in particular with a device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the waste to be comminuted is introduced into a feed area and from a cutting rotor (3) with at least one cutting edge (4) in cooperation with a cutting profile adapted to a bottom plate (6) fixed counterpart (7), in particular a counter knife, is comminuted, characterized in that a coarse part detected automatically and at least a flap (8) is discharged. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the comminution process is automatically resumed after ejection of the coarse fraction. A method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the at least one flap (8) by means of a lower toggle lever (12) is actuated. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that a force on the flap (8) is measured and due to a measured force change, a coarse part is detected. Method according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that coarse particles are discharged over a plurality, in particular two to five, flaps (8). A method according to claim 14, characterized in that a sensor detects a position of the coarse part and that flap (8) is opened, on which the coarse part is located.

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