EP2672038B1 - A building seismic strengthening system - Google Patents
A building seismic strengthening system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2672038B1 EP2672038B1 EP13169294.9A EP13169294A EP2672038B1 EP 2672038 B1 EP2672038 B1 EP 2672038B1 EP 13169294 A EP13169294 A EP 13169294A EP 2672038 B1 EP2672038 B1 EP 2672038B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laminated timber
- walls
- cross laminated
- massive
- panels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title description 28
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/027—Preventive constructional measures against earthquake damage in existing buildings
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is a seismic strengthened retrofit existing building, according to the preamble of claim 1, or to be more specific, a system for seismic strengthening of walls and connecting of floor planes of existing buildings with massive cross laminated timber panels, which also includes an insulation effect.
- CN 101215930 A discloses walls of a building which are strengthened by timber panels fixed at the walls with anchoring bolts, the timber panels being glued to the walls. There is no teaching how these walls can be used in connections with a building with more than one storey.
- This document shows all the technical features of the preamble of claim 1.
- WO 93/14278 A1 discloses a wall structure with an elongate track secured to a foundation structure of a building having a plurality of posts secured thereto. Disposed between the posts are a plurality of interlocking foam wall sections which encapsulate the posts of the wall structure. This construction may be applied when constructing the building from the very first. It can, however not be applied for retrofit of an existing building.
- the walls 1 in the appurtenant storeys of an existing building is strengthened with a monolithic massive cross laminated timber plate 3 that completely and in one piece covers the inner and/or outer side of an individual wall 1.
- the openings 7 for existing doors and/or windows in wall 1 are cut out of the massive cross laminated timber panel 3, which runs from the foundation 8 and partially over the edge of the floor structure 2, in advance.
- the monolithic massive cross laminated timber panels 3 are attached to the walls 1 and floor structures 2 with a layer of glue 4 and additionally connected with anchoring bolts 5 placed over their surface at a certain spacing.
- a layer of glue 4 suitable for the task is used.
- the walls 1 of the existing building can be cladded, conversely strengthened, from one or both sides, with massive cross laminated timber panels 3 made from several smaller pieces 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 to 3.n of various shapes and dimensions. Together they form connecting areas 9 that are additionally connected on adjacent edges with self-tapping wood screws 11. Individual pieces 3.1 to 3.n of the massive cross laminated timber panel 3 are attached to wall 1 as in the feasibility example in Fig. 2 , namely with anchoring bolts 5.
- the advantage of the multi-piece assembly of the massive cross laminated timber panels 3 over before described monolithic one, is that cutting of openings 7 for the existing windows and doors is not necessary as the openings are formed during the cladding and attaching of pieces of massive cross laminated timber panels 3.1 to 3.n around window and door openings in walls 1 of an existing building. Above all the multi-piece assembly is easier if the massive cross laminated timber panels 3 are being attached to the inner side of walls 1. Smaller pieces 3.1 to 3.n are lighter and allow for an easier manipulation without the need for lifting equipment.
- different walls 1 can be cladded with massive cross laminated timber panels 3, both with monolithic and multi-piece assemblies combined, as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 .
- the connecting areas 9 in the floor structure 2 zones of an existing building are made in the same way as prescribed below.
- the connecting areas 9, where the massive cross laminated timber plates 3 attached to walls 1 in two adjacent stories connect, are covered along the perimeter of the floor structure 2 with a flat steel tie 6 with holes 12 that is attached to the adjacent connecting massive cross laminated timber panels 3 with self-tapping wood screws 11.
- the walls 1 of existing buildings can be cladded and strengthened with massive cross laminated timber panels 3 that run from the foundation 8 to the roof of the building, or any other height, in one piece.
- the massive cross laminated timber panels 3 are tailored to the geometry of the existing building's envelope. Optimally, they are made from 3 to 7 or even more layers of cross laminated timber lamellas of arbitrary thickness where every layer runs perpendicularly to the two neighbouring ones.
- the necessary thickness of the massive cross laminated timber panels 3 is prescribed according to the static and seismic demands of the building. The panels need to be made with a hydraulic system press.
- the massive cross laminated timber panels 3 are attached to the walls 1 of an existing building from the outer and/or inner side in the same formerly prescribed manner.
- the layer of glue 4 is made of epoxide resin and added fillers with which we can fill larger deviations between the existing walls 1 of an existing building and massive cross laminated timber panels 3.
- An epoxy resin allowing for up to a few centimetre glue layer 4 is chosen.
- the openings 7 in massive cross laminated timber panels 3 can be cut out before their attachment onto the walls 1 of an existing building or they can be tailored to shape by assembling smaller pieces 3.1 to 3.n around the existing windows and doors in the wall 1. If using monolithic massive cross laminated timber panels 3, there is a possibility of a prior installation of builders' joinery into the openings 7, which shortens and simplifies the work on terrain and ensures a higher quality of individual part assembly.
- the massive cross laminated panels 3 are glued and bolted onto walls 1 of an existing building but not also into its foundation 8, hence leaving them undamaged and in their original shape.
- the massive cross laminated timber panels 3 attached to the walls 1 of an existing building have a relatively low mass the additional load on the foundation is minimal and can hence be neglected in practice.
- the building seismic strengthening system according to the invention is above all useful for strengthening the walls 1 of existing buildings built in seismically active areas but not designed to withstand seismic loads. In case of a catastrophic earthquake the system allows minor damage to buildings but it prevents their collapse due to the fairly flexible strengthening cage formed by massive cross laminated timber panels 3 attached to the walls 1.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
Description
- The subject of the invention is a seismic strengthened retrofit existing building, according to the preamble of
claim 1, or to be more specific, a system for seismic strengthening of walls and connecting of floor planes of existing buildings with massive cross laminated timber panels, which also includes an insulation effect. -
CN 101215930 A discloses walls of a building which are strengthened by timber panels fixed at the walls with anchoring bolts, the timber panels being glued to the walls. There is no teaching how these walls can be used in connections with a building with more than one storey. This document shows all the technical features of the preamble ofclaim 1.WO 93/14278 A1 - There are quite some known systems for seismic strengthening of existing buildings.
According to documentKR 100989218 - According to document
JP 9228658 - According to document
JP 2009174148 - Furthermore, according to document
JP 2009097165 - The common characteristic of described known solutions is that the walls of buildings are cladded with unsuitable strengthening panels or infills, whereby their construction and connections do not enable sufficient seismic strengthening, they are not useful for all types of walls and partition walls of a building, they do not improve the thermal insulation of seismically retrofitted buildings and due to the high carbon footprint of steel and concrete they do not meet contemporary ecology demands. As these strengthening panels and infills do not provide a thermal insulation effect, additional thermal insulation needs to be installed on building façades.
- Due to the formerly mentioned weaknesses and deficiencies of known seismic retrofitting solutions of existing buildings in seismic areas, there is a need for an effective strengthening system for all types of walls that will allow a sufficient seismic mainly horizontal load transfer and also a sufficient thermal insulation of buildings, all in the scope of valid ecology standards.
- According to the invention, the technical problem is resolved with a seismic strengthening system with the features of
claim 1. The invention will be more precisely described in relation to the feasibility example and figures, which show as follows: - Fig. 1
- the strengthening system according to the invention shown via a partial cross section of the outer envelope of an existing building in an isometric projection
- Fig. 2
- a building's wall cladded with a massive monolithic panel in a dimetric projection
- Fig. 3
- same as in
Fig. 2 , however, the massive panel used for cladding and strengthening a wall is assembled from smaller pieces - Fig. 4
- a longitudinal cross section through a floor construction of a strengthened wall cladded with a massive timber panel and partial cross sections of connection elements
- Fig. 5
- a detail of massive panel connections in the example of assembled panels, with a partial cross-section of attachment
- Fig. 6
- a cladded and strengthened building's wall with a massive panel running uninterrupted from the foundation to the roof of the building, embodiment that is not part of the invention.
- As shown in
Fig. 2 , thewalls 1 in the appurtenant storeys of an existing building is strengthened with a monolithic massive cross laminatedtimber plate 3 that completely and in one piece covers the inner and/or outer side of anindividual wall 1. In such a case theopenings 7 for existing doors and/or windows inwall 1 are cut out of the massive cross laminatedtimber panel 3, which runs from thefoundation 8 and partially over the edge of thefloor structure 2, in advance. As mentioned before the monolithic massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3 are attached to thewalls 1 andfloor structures 2 with a layer ofglue 4 and additionally connected with anchoringbolts 5 placed over their surface at a certain spacing. A layer ofglue 4 suitable for the task is used. - As shown in
Fig. 3 , thewalls 1 of the existing building can be cladded, conversely strengthened, from one or both sides, with massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3 made from several smaller pieces 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 to 3.n of various shapes and dimensions. Together they form connectingareas 9 that are additionally connected on adjacent edges with self-tappingwood screws 11. Individual pieces 3.1 to 3.n of the massive cross laminatedtimber panel 3 are attached towall 1 as in the feasibility example inFig. 2 , namely with anchoringbolts 5. The advantage of the multi-piece assembly of the massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3 over before described monolithic one, is that cutting ofopenings 7 for the existing windows and doors is not necessary as the openings are formed during the cladding and attaching of pieces of massive cross laminated timber panels 3.1 to 3.n around window and door openings inwalls 1 of an existing building. Above all the multi-piece assembly is easier if the massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3 are being attached to the inner side ofwalls 1. Smaller pieces 3.1 to 3.n are lighter and allow for an easier manipulation without the need for lifting equipment. - In some other feasibility example, not shown here,
different walls 1 can be cladded with massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3, both with monolithic and multi-piece assemblies combined, as shown inFig. 2 andFig. 3 . Regardless of the type of the aforementioned assemblies of massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3, monolithic or multi-piece or combined, the connectingareas 9 in thefloor structure 2 zones of an existing building are made in the same way as prescribed below. The connectingareas 9, where the massive cross laminatedtimber plates 3 attached towalls 1 in two adjacent stories connect, are covered along the perimeter of thefloor structure 2 with aflat steel tie 6 withholes 12 that is attached to the adjacent connecting massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3 with self-tapping wood screws 11. Shear forces and bending moments are transferred via theflat steel ties 6 from higher to lower floors of an existing building. As described before, in all these examples, the massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3 are attached to thewalls 1 of an existing building with a layer ofglue 4 and additionally fastened with anchoringbolts 5 andwashers 10. The described is presented inFig. 4 . - When assembling the massive cross laminated
timber panels 3 at parallel or perpendicular connectingareas 9 the so called seam-connections are made with self-tapping wood screws 11, preferentially drilled under an angle 90° or 45° as shown inFig. 5 . It applies that 45°drilling is used for parallelplate connecting areas 9 and 90°drilling for overlapping connections. - In some feasibility examples not part of the present invention, the
walls 1 of existing buildings can be cladded and strengthened with massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3 that run from thefoundation 8 to the roof of the building, or any other height, in one piece. The massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3 are tailored to the geometry of the existing building's envelope. Optimally, they are made from 3 to 7 or even more layers of cross laminated timber lamellas of arbitrary thickness where every layer runs perpendicularly to the two neighbouring ones. The necessary thickness of the massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3 is prescribed according to the static and seismic demands of the building. The panels need to be made with a hydraulic system press. - The massive cross laminated
timber panels 3 are attached to thewalls 1 of an existing building from the outer and/or inner side in the same formerly prescribed manner. - The layer of
glue 4 is made of epoxide resin and added fillers with which we can fill larger deviations between the existingwalls 1 of an existing building and massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3. An epoxy resin allowing for up to a fewcentimetre glue layer 4 is chosen. - The anchoring
bolts 5, with which massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3 are attached to thewalls 1 on an existing building, ensure a suitable bond forming between the two. During an earthquake the anchoringbolts 5 ensure that delamination does not occur between the massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3 and the cladded and strengthened existingwalls 1, namely allowing the layer ofglue 4 to perform.
As described earlier, theopenings 7 in massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3 can be cut out before their attachment onto thewalls 1 of an existing building or they can be tailored to shape by assembling smaller pieces 3.1 to 3.n around the existing windows and doors in thewall 1. If using monolithic massive crosslaminated timber panels 3, there is a possibility of a prior installation of builders' joinery into theopenings 7, which shortens and simplifies the work on terrain and ensures a higher quality of individual part assembly. - The massive cross
laminated panels 3 are glued and bolted ontowalls 1 of an existing building but not also into itsfoundation 8, hence leaving them undamaged and in their original shape. As the massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3 attached to thewalls 1 of an existing building have a relatively low mass the additional load on the foundation is minimal and can hence be neglected in practice. - The building seismic strengthening system according to the invention is above all useful for strengthening the
walls 1 of existing buildings built in seismically active areas but not designed to withstand seismic loads. In case of a catastrophic earthquake the system allows minor damage to buildings but it prevents their collapse due to the fairly flexible strengthening cage formed by massive cross laminatedtimber panels 3 attached to thewalls 1.
Claims (7)
- Seismic strengthened retrofit existing building, in which the walls (1) of the existing building are cladded with massive cross laminated timber panels (3) from the outer and/or inner side with the use of a layer of epoxide glue (4) and additionally connected with anchoring bolts (5) characterized in that, the heights of individual cross laminated timber panels (3) are equal to the distance between the floor structures (2) the anchoring bolts are used with washers (10), the massive cross laminated timber panels (3), attached to walls (1) between adjacent storeys, are connected together in a connection area (9) at transitions from lower to upper storey with at least one flat steel tie (6) so that the latter covers the appurtenant connecting area (9) and is connected to the massive cross laminated timber panels (3) with self-taping wood screws (11).
- The retrofit according to claim 1 is characterized in that the massive cross laminated timber panels (3) are made either monolithic, covering complete individual wall (1) of the existing building in one piece or in an multi-piece assembly where more pieces (3.1) to (3.n) are put together to cover the individual walls (1).
- The retrofit according to claim 2 is characterized in that openings (7) for doors and windows in the walls (1) of an existing building are cut out of the massive monolithic cross laminated timber panels (3).
- The retrofit according to claim 3 is characterized in that the openings (7) for windows and doors in the walls (1) of the existing building are encircled with separate pieces (3.1) to (3.n) of massive cross laminated timber panels (3).
- The retrofit according to claim 1 is characterized in that the massive cross laminated timber panels (3) are connected within an individual storey at connecting areas (9) and are joined together with self-tapping wood screws (11).
- The retrofit according to claim 1 is characterized in that the massive cross laminated timber panels (3) are made from at least three to seven or more layers of timber lamellas that run perpendicularly to each other and are glued together.
- The retrofit according to claim 1 is characterized in that the massive cross laminated timber panels (3) are glued and attached to the walls (1) on the inner or outer side of the existing building.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
HRP20180248TT HRP20180248T1 (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2018-02-08 | A building seismic strengthening system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI201200184A SI23678B (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2012-06-06 | Anti-earthquake building reinforcement system |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2672038A2 EP2672038A2 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
EP2672038A3 EP2672038A3 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
EP2672038B1 true EP2672038B1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
Family
ID=46880828
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13169294.9A Active EP2672038B1 (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2013-05-27 | A building seismic strengthening system |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2672038B1 (en) |
HR (1) | HRP20180248T1 (en) |
SI (1) | SI23678B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT201700024226A1 (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2018-09-03 | Renzo Manganello | COMBINED STATIC AND SEISMIC CONSOLIDATION SYSTEM AND THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION OF WALLS AND EXISTING BUILDINGS AND OF NEW CONSTRUCTION |
IT201800005726A1 (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-11-25 | PREFABRICATED MODULE FOR THE CONSOLIDATION OR CONSOLIDATION OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION | |
CN113833306B (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-10-25 | 武汉楚天鼎盛建设有限公司 | Reinforcing device for house wall and construction process thereof |
IT202200006944A1 (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2023-10-07 | Marlegno S R L Tecnologie Del Legno | METHOD OF ANTISEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF A BUILDING AND RESPECTIVE BUILDING |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU674665B2 (en) * | 1992-01-17 | 1997-01-09 | Heydon International | Improved building structure and method of use |
JPH09228658A (en) | 1996-02-28 | 1997-09-02 | Kajima Corp | Earthquake-resisting reinforcing method of existing building by using woody group member |
US6074149A (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2000-06-13 | G. Lyle Habermehl | False threadscrew and screwstrip |
US20040071524A1 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-04-15 | Habermehl G. Lyle | Fastener with stepped head for composite decking |
JP2005126955A (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2005-05-19 | Nippon Steel Corp | Anti-seismic strengthening structure and seismic strengthening method |
JP2006125069A (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-18 | Tetsuo Fushimi | Seismic strengthening method for wooden building, and seismic strengthening plate therefor |
JP5069534B2 (en) | 2007-10-15 | 2012-11-07 | 安藤建設株式会社 | Outer shell reinforcement structure of existing building |
CN101215930A (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2008-07-09 | 湖南大学 | Method for reinforcing wall using bamboo wood |
JP2009174148A (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2009-08-06 | Univ Of Ryukyus | Seismic strengthening structure and seismic strengthening method for concrete structure |
CN101863058B (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2012-01-04 | 德华兔宝宝装饰新材股份有限公司 | Novel laminated wood and manufacturing method thereof |
KR100989218B1 (en) | 2010-08-10 | 2010-10-20 | 이정우 | Reinforcing method for seismic strengthening of mansory partition wall |
-
2012
- 2012-06-06 SI SI201200184A patent/SI23678B/en active Search and Examination
-
2013
- 2013-05-27 EP EP13169294.9A patent/EP2672038B1/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-02-08 HR HRP20180248TT patent/HRP20180248T1/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SI23678B (en) | 2021-10-29 |
SI23678A (en) | 2012-09-28 |
EP2672038A2 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
EP2672038A3 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
HRP20180248T1 (en) | 2018-03-09 |
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