IT201800005726A1 - PREFABRICATED MODULE FOR THE CONSOLIDATION OR CONSOLIDATION OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

FIELD OF APPLICATION

The present invention relates to a prefabricated module for the construction of a prefabricated building structure.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a prefabricated building structure for the construction of buildings or for the consolidation and redevelopment of existing buildings at seismic risk, for example buildings with at least two floors and equipped with a slab between the two floors.

STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

It is currently known to produce prefabricated modules in the factory for the construction of prefabricated building structures intended to obtain a building.

The construction of a building or, in general, of a prefabricated building structure requires the construction in the factory of prefabricated modules, generally of a structural type, such as beams or pillars, on which the perimeter walls are subsequently applied by means of additional prefabricated modules, generally in wood or concrete.

This constructive approach has numerous drawbacks. In fact, where the load-bearing structures of the building are prefabricated, it is necessary to transport large structures to the construction site, with consequent transport and installation problems. In addition, the size of the load-bearing structures determines the size of the infill walls as well, the latter having to completely hide the load-bearing structures. Therefore, even for buildings in which an infill wall of limited thickness would be sufficient, this infill wall must in any case have a thickness such as to hide the load-bearing structures. This entails a considerable weight of the infill structures and consequently greater costs and difficulties in transporting from the factory to the place of installation. Furthermore, the aforementioned problems lead to a volumetric and surface occupation of the building land, due exclusively to an aesthetic and, therefore, unnecessary need.

In addition, the prefabricated infill walls of the known art often require an additional external insulating layer (coat) for the insulation of the building, to be applied after installation, increasing the construction time of the building and the related costs.

According to a further aspect, nowadays, the consolidation of already existing buildings, for example buildings at seismic risk, takes place by means of prefabricated structural elements with interventions directly on the internal load-bearing structures of the buildings.

Unfortunately, this type of intervention requires expensive and long-lasting operations inside the building, resulting in the complexity of the work and simultaneous inaccessibility of the building for prolonged periods.

Additionally, seismic safety measures are often performed on buildings that are dated over time, which also require an intervention on the plumbing and electrical systems of the entire building. This redevelopment of the systems requires costly dismantling and reconstruction of the internal floors and walls. Consequently, a further increase in all plant redevelopment and seismic safety of the entire building ensues.

In addition, seismic safety operations require complicated core drilling and measurement of the current state of seismic resistance of the building, which are not always detectable with due accuracy.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The need is therefore felt to solve the limitations and drawbacks cited with reference to the known art, and in particular the need is felt to make the operations for making and installing prefabricated modules for the construction of prefabricated modules simpler and faster. prefabricated building structures, both for the construction of new buildings or parts of buildings, and for the consolidation of existing buildings. This need is satisfied by a prefabricated module, a prefabricated building structure, a method of manufacturing the building structure and a method of manufacturing the prefabricated module in accordance with the attached independent claims. The claims dependent on these relate to preferred embodiments of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be more understandable from the description given below of its preferred and non-limiting examples of construction, in which: Figure 1 represents a perspective view of a prefabricated building structure, next to a wall of a building, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, in which, for clarity of illustration, a perimeter wall of the building is visible;

Figure 1a represents a perspective view of the prefabricated building structure of Figure 1, in which the building has been removed for reasons of illustrative clarity, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, and in which an infill module is shown in exploded view;

Figure 2 represents a detail of a sectional view along the plane B of the building structure in Figure 1, in correspondence with a vertical gap between prefabricated modules and in which an infill module is shown in an exploded view;

Figure 3 represents a detail of a sectional view along plane C of the building structure in Figure 1, in correspondence with a vertical gap between prefabricated modules, in which an infill module closes the vertical gap;

figure 4 represents a perspective view of two prefabricated building structures, each next to a perimeter wall of a respective building, in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention, and in which, for clarity of illustration, the perimeter wall is visible of the building;

figure 5 represents a perspective view of one of the two building structures represented in figure 4, according to the further embodiment of the present invention, in which an external insulation layer of two prefabricated modules is fictitiously removed for two of the modules prefabricated buildings shown, so as to make the underlying metal supporting frame visible;

figure 6 represents a cross-sectional view of a pair of adjacent prefabricated modules according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which no vertical gap is interposed between the two adjacent modules;

Figure 7 represents a cross-sectional view of a pair of adjacent prefabricated modules according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a vertical gap is interposed between the two adjacent modules which accommodates drain and water supply pipes and conduits electric;

figure 8a represents a vertical planar view of metal frames of prefabricated modules according to the present invention;

Figure 8b shows a vertical planar view of the metal frames of the prefabricated modules of Figure 8a once placed side by side.

figure 9 shows a detail of an embodiment of the prefabricated modules at a metal joint for the connection between modules; Figure 10 shows a detail of an embodiment of the prefabricated modules at a metal joint for the connection between modules and with the ground.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the continuation of the description, the same reference numbers indicate equivalent elements between the different embodiments.

With reference to the attached figures, the reference numbers 20, 30 globally indicate a prefabricated module for the construction of prefabricated building structures for the construction of a building or parts of it, or for the consolidation of existing buildings at seismic risk.

Therefore, for example, the prefabricated building structure is itself a prefabricated building or a prefabricated room of a building, such as a room or a prefabricated bathroom, comprising a plurality of prefabricated modules 20, 30 connected to each other, or it is a prefabricated structure arranged around an existing building, as shown for example in figures 1, 1a and 4, 5.

The prefabricated module 20, 30 comprises a supporting metal frame 23 suitable for supporting the loads and external actions on the prefabricated building structure, incorporated at least partially in an external insulation layer 22, 32 comprising a structural binding agent, for example a binding agent hydraulic, mixed with a granular insulating material. Preferably, the structural binding agent is a cast or injection of concrete, suitably solidified, and the granular insulating material is a polymer or an expanded polymer, for example expanded polystyrene (for example with variable grain size).

Preferably, the outer insulation layer 22, 32 is therefore made by casting or injecting a fluid material comprising structural binding agent and granular insulating material into a mold arranged around the metal bearing frame 23, 33.

This makes it possible to obtain a prefabricated module that is structurally resistant and at the same time light and capable of thermally insulating.

According to a variant embodiment of the present invention, the external insulation layer 22, 32 comprises a structural binding agent, for example a hydraulic binding agent, lightened with gas or air. In this variant of embodiment, preferably, the hydraulic binding agent is an autoclaved aerated concrete, also called cellular concrete.

Preferably, the prefabricated module comprises an internal insulating layer 24, 34 made of compressible insulating material, for example of rock wool, joined to the load-bearing metal frame and / or external insulation layer 22, 32. The internal insulating layer 24, 34 for example, it can be compressed during the action of fixing the prefabricated module against a perimeter wall 4 of an existing building, so as to compensate for the defects and non-coplanarity of the perimeter wall of the existing building during installation. In other words, the inner insulating layer 24, 34 has a higher compressibility than the compressibility of the outer insulating layer 22,32. That is, the internal insulating layer 24, 34 has a modulus of elasticity much lower than the modulus of elasticity of the external insulation layer 22, 32. Preferably, with a metal frame it is meant an articulated frame with tense and compressed elements that reacts to the actions external agents acting on the prefabricated module and is not intended, for example, as a single vertical element. In other words, the metal frame allows the actions acting on the prefabricated module to be transmitted to the ground restraints through a complex and articulated system of tense and compressed elements.

In an embodiment, for example shown in more detail in Figures 4 to 10, the metal frame comprises a frame 400, 500 to which pre-tensioning bars or cables 401, 402, 403, 404, 501 are anchored, 502, 503, 504 extending inside the chronix 400, 500.

Preferably, the pre-tensioning bars or cables are anchored at one of their ends 401 ', 402', 403 ', 404', 501 ', 502', 503 ', 504' to the frame (400, 500), preferably in proximity of one corner of the frame, and at the other end 401 '', 402 '', 403 '', 404 '', 501 ', 502', 503 ', 504' to a support element 600 arranged centrally in the frame, i.e. substantially in correspondence with the center of gravity of the frame.

Preferably, for anchoring the prefabricated modules together, metal fixing joints 700, 800 are used between the adjacent frames 400, 500.

These metal joints are, for example, metal profiles with a quadrangular section, as shown for example in figures 9 and 10.

Preferably, the frames 400, 500 in metal have a T or "cross" cross section (profile), so as to allow adequate mechanical strength and ease of fixing by means of the 700,800 metal joints.

In particular, the metal joints 700, 800 are arranged in support of the frame 400, 500, in correspondence

of the walls of the T or the "cross" and bolted there. Preferably, the prefabricated module also comprises the anchoring means 221, 321 suitable for allowing the anchoring of the infill module 40, so as to close in a removable manner the vertical gap 100, 101 on the side opposite the perimeter wall 4.

Reference number 1 also indicates a prefabricated building structure for the consolidation of a building 2 at seismic risk comprising perimeter walls 4 extending in height along the vertical direction Z and at least one horizontal slab 3 supported by the perimeter walls. This horizontal slab 3 divides a lower floor I from an upper floor S of the building.

In particular, the prefabricated building structure is particularly suitable for buildings comprising a lower floor I (or ground floor), an upper floor S and possibly an attic ST, but it is also applicable to generic buildings which include at least one slab. The building structure 1 comprises a plurality of prefabricated modules 10, 20, 30, preferably in the shape of a parallelepiped, anchored in the ground TR, for example fixed on concrete foundations cast all around the perimeter of the building or anchored to the ground by means of suitable feet anchor.

The prefabricated modules 10, 20, 30 are placed side by side around the perimeter walls of building 2 and each prefabricated module 10, 20 30 is arranged parallel to a perimeter wall 4 of these perimeter walls.

Each prefabricated module 10, 20, 30 of these prefabricated modules 10, 20, 30 is flanked to an adjacent module at least along a horizontal direction X substantially parallel to the perimeter wall 4 and perpendicular to the vertical direction Z. In this way, between a prefabricated module left 20 and a right prefabricated module 30 adjacent to said left prefabricated module 20 of these prefabricated modules 20, 30 there is a vertical gap 100, 101 which extends vertically in the vertical direction Z, and horizontally along the horizontal direction X for a predefined distance T .

Preferably, the prefabricated modules can be placed side by side and fixed together both along the horizontal direction X and along the vertical direction Z, so as to form a matrix of side by side modules, as shown in Figures 4, 5, 8a and 8b, in such a way to cover the entire perimeter wall 4 of the building.

In one embodiment, each prefabricated module 10, 20, 30 comprises its own supporting metal frame 23, 33 anchored to the slab 3 of the building and / or to the adjacent left prefabricated module 20 and / or to the adjacent right prefabricated module 30.

In an advantageous embodiment variant, each prefabricated module 10, 20, 30, in addition to comprising the external insulation layer 22, 32 which at least partially or totally incorporates the metal bearing frame 23, 33, also comprises an internal insulation layer 24 , 34 adjacent to the perimeter wall of the building, preferably joined directly to the external insulation layer 22, 32 and / or to the supporting metal frame 23, 33.

Preferably, in correspondence with the vertical space 100, 101, the prefabricated building structure 1 is anchored to the slab 3, for example by means of a metal joint 5 anchored to the slab 3 of the building 2 and / or to the left module 20 and / or to the module adjacent right 30, so that the tangential actions of a possible seismic stress are at least partially absorbed by the prefabricated modules 10, 20, 30, reinforcing the entire structure of the building.

Furthermore, the prefabricated building structure 1 comprises an infill module 40 which closes the vertical gap 100, 101 along a plane substantially parallel to the perimeter wall 4. In particular, this infill module 40 is removable, that is, it can be anchored to the prefabricated modules in removable manner, so as to allow access to the vertical space 100, 101 leaving the prefabricated modules 10, 20, 30 anchored to the slab 3. In other words, the infill module 40 can be removed without removing the prefabricated modules 20, 30. In an embodiment according to the invention, the vertical gap 100, 101 has a substantially box-like shape and is defined at the rear by the internal insulation layer 24, 34, or by the perimeter wall 4, laterally by a right surface 201 of the left module 20 and from a left surface 301 of the adjacent right module 30 and frontally, i.e. from the side opposite the perimeter wall 4, from an internal surface 43 of the buffer module 40.

According to an advantageous embodiment according to the invention, the drain pipes 104 and / or the water supply pipes 105 of the building plumbing system and / or the electrical conduits 106 are received in the vertical space 100, 101. suitable to bring the electrical power to the electrical system of the building.

Preferably, the infill module 40 is anchored to the left module 20 and to the adjacent right module 30, but not to the slab 3. In this way, the infill module can be easily removed for inspection of the vertical gap and, therefore, of the pipes of the hydraulic system 104, 105 or of the conduits 106 of the electrical system.

Preferably, the metal joint 5 comprises a first plate 51 anchored to the left module 20 and to the slab 3 and a second plate 52 anchored to the right module 30 and to the slab 3. Each of these plates 51, 52 comprises a plurality of holes for the insertion of one or more screws or dowels for connection to the slab 3. The presence of a plurality of spaced holes allows you to insert the screws in the slab 3 in variable positions as desired, so that it is possible to avoid drilling the slab in correspondence of the reinforcement of the slab.

In a variant embodiment, the metal supporting frame 23, 33 is made of a material suitable for supporting tangential seismic stresses, for example steel.

In a preferred embodiment, the cladding module 40 is single-layer and is preferably made of an insulating material, for example of a foamed insulating material such as expanded polystyrene or expanded polyurethane.

Furthermore, preferably, the skim coat (or plaster) is applied on the outermost surface of the prefabricated module and of the infill module. In other words, the prefabricated module and the infill module are made in the factory already pre-finished, that is, already provided with smoothing and possibly painting. Furthermore, preferably, the prefabricated multilayer module comprises an anchoring panel 21, 31, joined to the supporting metal frame 23, 33 and / or to the external insulation layer 22, 32, and protruding from each prefabricated module 20, 30 towards the 'vertical gap 100, 101.

Preferably, the anchoring panel 21,31 is joined to the metal frame 23, 33 and / or to the external insulation layer 22, 32, by means of "L" plates 500, 510, as shown in the attached figures.

Preferably, this anchoring panel 21, 31 is suitable for supporting the drainage pipes 104 and / or power supply 105 of the building plumbing system and / or the electrical conduits 106 in the vertical gap.

According to an embodiment in accordance with the invention, the prefabricated module 10, 20, 30 comprises a rear surface of module 200, 300 facing the perimeter wall 4 of the building 2, preferably planar. For example, the rear surfaces of the modules are arranged coplanar along a rear plane P parallel to the perimeter wall 4. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the prefabricated building structure 1 comprises anchoring means 221, 321 suitable for allowing the removable anchor of the buffer module 40 to the left module 20 and to the adjacent right module 30.

Such anchoring means comprise for example screw fixing means or gluing means or, even more preferably, interlocking means.

In particular, in a variant embodiment illustrated in the attached figures, the infill module 40 is suitable for at least partially interlocking according to shape coupling with the left module 20 and with the adjacent right module 30. In this embodiment, preferably the module left 20 comprises a right-hand interlocking seat 221 and the adjacent module 30 comprises a left-hand interlocking seat 321. The infill module 40 in turn comprises a left-hand protuberance 41 engaged in second shape coupling with the right-hand interlocking seat 221 and a protuberance right 42 engaged in second shape coupling with the left interlocking seat 321.

Furthermore, the interlocking seats 221 and 321 preferably have a cross section in the shape of a half dovetail, in this way, when the infill module 40 is fitted onto the prefabricated modules 20, 30, any infiltration of water into the vertical space is prevented. 100, 101 due to side winds in case of rain.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the internal insulation layer 24, 34 is made of compressible material and is compressed between the perimeter wall 4 and the supporting metal frame 23, 33 and / or the external insulation layer 22 , 32. This makes it possible to compensate for the irregularities of the perimeter wall 4 during the installation phase of the prefabricated module and, therefore, to guarantee the coplanarity of the external surface of the external insulation layer 22, 32.

The present invention also relates to a method of constructing the building structure for the consolidation of buildings at seismic risk described in the preceding paragraphs.

The manufacturing method includes the steps of:

- transport the plurality of prefabricated modules in the vicinity of the building;

- juxtapose the prefabricated modules around the building together;

- anchor the prefabricated modules to at least one slab of the building and exert a compression action on the internal insulation layer 24, 34 against the perimeter wall 4, so that this internal insulation layer 24, 34 is compressed;

- anchor the prefabricated modules to the ground.

Preferably, before transporting the plurality of prefabricated modules near the building, the method also includes the steps of:

a) detect the external dimensions of the perimeter walls of a building and the position of the openings on these walls;

b) in the factory, make a guide, for example a frame or a set of references on a plane, according to the external dimensions of the perimeter walls and the position of the openings;

c) making a plurality of prefabricated modules 10, 20, 30 and a plurality of infill modules 40 previously described and placing them together in accordance with the guide, so as to reproduce in the factory at least partially or totally the prefabricated structure intended to be placed next to the wall perimeter;

d) transport the plurality of prefabricated modules in the vicinity of the building and perform the installation steps described above.

Preferably, phase a) involves reconstructing the perimeter walls of the building using a 3D virtual reconstruction and planning the dimensions of each prefabricated module based on the virtual 3D reconstruction of the building walls. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a method for making a prefabricated module (10, 20, 30) for the construction of buildings or for the consolidation of buildings with seismic risk. The method includes the steps of:

- providing a metal frame 23 inserted in a formwork;

- casting or injecting a fluid structural binding agent mixed with a granular insulating material into the formwork so as to incorporate the metal frame 23;

- allow the structural material to solidify and remove the formwork.

Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of joining a compressible insulating material, for example rock wool, to the solidified structural material, to form the internal insulation layer 24, 34.

The bonding of the compressible insulating material to the solidified structural binder is achieved after the structural material is solidified, or it is accomplished by inserting the compressible insulating material into the formwork before the injection or casting of the structural binder in fluid form, so that solidification of the structural binding agent joins the compressible insulation material. It is also clear that the object of the present invention is a prefabricated structure, such as a building or a prefabricated room of a building such as a prefabricated bathroom comprising a plurality of prefabricated modules 10, 20, 30 described in the present discussion, placed side by side and connected to each other, to example without additional load-bearing structures, such as columns, beams or tiles. In other words, the perimeter walls that define the prefabricated structure are made only by means of the prefabricated modules 10, 20, 30 described in the present description, without further classical supporting structures such as columns or beams.

Innovatively, the present invention makes it possible to simplify and accelerate the operations for the construction of prefabricated building structures or the seismic safety of an existing building. Further, in an innovative way, thanks to the presence of a multilayer prefabricated module which includes an external insulation layer 22, 32 which at least partially incorporates a metal bearing frame 23, 33, a particularly light prefabricated module is obtained, therefore easily transportable on site. target and easy to install. In fact, the lightness of the module makes it possible to use small lifting equipment (cranes), which are therefore easy to maneuver and position.

Furthermore, unlike the infill walls of the known art which require considerable thicknesses to mask the load-bearing structures (pillars or beams), the prefabricated module according to the present invention allows buildings to be constructed with walls of adequate size for the structural and insulation needs of the place. of installation, thus improving the efficiency of exploitation of the land available for construction and making the most of the available volume.

Furthermore, in an advantageous way, the supporting metal frame incorporated in an insulating material cast or injected around the frame, allows to improve the insulation characteristics of the prefabricated module, reducing the risk of thermal bridges and at the same time guaranteeing adequate lightness for transport and installation.

Furthermore, in the case of prefabricated building structures for the consolidation of existing buildings at seismic risk, the consolidation is carried out without any need to carry out core drilling or measurement of the seismic resistance of the existing supporting structure of the building. In fact, since the prefabricated building structure is anchored to the structural elements of the building, the technician in the field understands that for the total seismic resistance of the building it is sufficient to ensure that the prefabricated building structure is able to adequately support the seismic stresses.

Moreover, in an advantageous way, thanks to the vertical interspaces that can be inspected between the prefabricated modules, the construction or redevelopment operations of the water and electrical systems are extremely simplified. Thanks to this arrangement, in fact, the water pipes and electrical conduits are housed externally to the perimeter walls and it is not necessary to dismantle floors or internal walls for the installation of new water or electrical systems. In particular, in the case of seismic consolidation, the installer of the system only performs drilling operations on the perimeter walls in correspondence with a connection between the pipes present in the interspaces and the services inside the rooms. This is particularly advantageous in buildings where each room of the building includes at least one room wall coinciding with a perimeter wall of the building. In this type of building, for example, the technical room for the water and / or electrical systems is located in the attic. The distribution of electricity and / or water therefore takes place from the technical room in the attic to the pipes / ducts housed in the vertical spaces outside the perimeter walls and then in each room of the building by means of suitable connections through the perimeter walls.

Advantageously, therefore, the present invention also contributes to simultaneously satisfying the need for seismic safety and redevelopment of the systems.

Furthermore, in an even more advantageous way, the present invention allows the building to be redeveloped also from the point of view of energy efficiency, thanks to the presence of an external layer of insulation and also of an internal layer of insulation, while maintaining the weight of the content module.

Furthermore, the presence of the vertical gap obtained between the prefabricated modules and closed by the removable infill module, guarantees effective maintenance of thermal insulation. In fact, preferably, the drain and / or supply pipes of the plumbing system and the electrical conduits are not in contact with either the infill module or the external insulation layer, thus avoiding any formation of thermal bridges between the external environment and the perimeter walls.

Furthermore, in an advantageous way, the pre-construction of the prefabricated structure in the factory on the basis of a guide obtained according to the real measurements of the external perimeter walls of the building, allows to avoid installation errors of the prefabricated structure at the time of installation on the building. In the dockyard. In fact, the pre-construction in the factory ensures that the infill modules can be perfectly inserted between the prefabricated modules when laying the building, without any unsightly elements on the wall.

Furthermore, advantageously, given that the load-bearing function of the prefabricated module is mainly obtained thanks to the metal load-bearing frame, it is possible to adequately and independently dimension the load-bearing function with respect to the thermal insulation function, allowing the creation of perimeter walls of the building. with larger frame only where the prefabricated structure requires it (for example near openings or critical support points of the structure). This allows to keep the total weight of each prefabricated module contained while ensuring an adequate structural function and thermal insulation.

A person skilled in the art, in order to meet contingent and specific needs, may make numerous changes and variations to the invention described above, all of which are contained within the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims (21)

CLAIMS 1. Prefabricated module (20, 30) for the construction of a prefabricated building structure, such as a prefabricated building, or a building structure for the consolidation of buildings with seismic risk, called prefabricated module (20, 30) comprising a metal supporting frame ( 23, 33) suitable for supporting loads and external actions on the building structure, at least partially incorporated in an external insulation layer (22, 32) comprising a structural binding agent, for example a hydraulic binding agent, mixed with a granular insulating material . 2. Prefabricated module (20, 30) according to claim 1, in which the metal supporting frame is totally incorporated in the external insulation layer (22, 32). 3. Prefabricated module (20, 30) according to claim 1 or 2, in which the structural binding agent is a concrete casting or injection and the granular insulating material is a polymer or an expanded polymer, for example expanded polystyrene. 4. Prefabricated module (20, 30) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising an internal insulating layer (24, 34) made of compressible insulating material, for example of rock wool, joined to the supporting metal frame and / or to the layer of external insulation (22, 32). Prefabricated module (20, 30) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal frame (23, 33) is an articulated frame comprising a plurality of stretched and compressed structural elements. Prefabricated module (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal frame (23, 33) comprises a frame (400, 500) to which pre-tensioning bars or cables (401, 402, 403) are anchored , 404, 501, 502, 503, 504) extending inside the frame (400, 500). 7. Prefabricated module (20) according to claim 6, in which the pre-tensioning bars or cables are anchored at one end (401 ', 402', 403 ', 404') to the frame (400, 500), preferably in proximity to a corner of the frame, and at the other end (401 '', 402 '', 403 '', 404 '') to a support element 600 arranged centrally in the frame, i.e. substantially in correspondence with the center of gravity of the frame. 8. Prefabricated module (20, 30) for the construction of a prefabricated building structure, such as a prefabricated building, or a building structure for the consolidation of buildings with seismic risk, called prefabricated module (20, 30) comprising a metal supporting frame ( 23, 33) suitable for supporting loads and external actions on the building structure, at least partially incorporated in an external insulation layer (22, 32) comprising autoclaved aerated concrete, i.e. cellular concrete. 9. Prefabricated building structure (1) for the consolidation of buildings (2) at seismic risk including perimeter walls (4) extending in height along the vertical direction (Z) and at least one horizontal slab (3) supported by the perimeter walls and which divides a lower floor (I) from an upper floor (S) of the building, said prefabricated building structure (1) comprising a plurality of prefabricated modules (10, 20, 30), anchored in the ground (TR) and placed side by side around the perimeter walls (4) of the building, each module (10, 20, 30 ) being arranged parallel to a perimeter wall (4) of said perimeter walls and being flanked to an adjacent module (10, 20, 30) at least along a horizontal direction (X) substantially parallel to the perimeter wall (4) and perpendicular to the vertical direction (Z), so that between a left prefabricated module (20) and a right prefabricated module (30) adjacent to the left module (20) of said prefabricated modules (20, 30) there is a vertical gap (100; 101) which extends vertically in the vertical direction (Z), and horizontally along the horizontal direction (X) by a predefined distance (T), and in which, each prefabricated module comprises a supporting metal frame (23, 33) anchored to the slab (3) of the building and to the left module (20) or to the adjacent right module (30), an external layer of insulation (22 , 32) which at least partially incorporates the metal load-bearing frame (23, 33) and an internal insulation layer (24, 34) adjacent to the perimeter wall of the building and in which said prefabricated building structure (1) comprises an infill module (40) which closes the vertical gap (100; 101) along a plane substantially parallel to the perimeter wall (4), said infill module (40) being removable to allow access to the vertical gap (100; 101). 10. Prefabricated building structure according to claim 9, in which the internal insulation layer (24, 34) is made of compressible material and is compressed between the perimeter wall (4) and the supporting metal frame (23, 33) and / or the outer insulation layer (22, 32). Building structure according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the outer insulation layer (22, 32) is made of concrete mixed with an expanded polymeric material. Building structure according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the outer insulation layer (22, 32) is made of autoclaved aerated concrete, also called cellular concrete. 13. Building structure according to any one of claims 9 to 12, in which the vertical gap (100; 101) has a substantially box-like shape, and in which said box-shaped vertical gap (100; 101) is defined at the rear by the layer internal insulation (24) or from the perimeter wall (4), laterally from a right surface (201) of the left module (20) and from a left surface (301) of the right module (30) and from the front, i.e. from the side opposite the perimeter wall (4), from an internal surface (43) of the infill module (40). 14. Building structure according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein, in said vertical gap (100; 101) the drainage and / or supply pipes of the plumbing system (104) of the building and / or the electrical conduits (105) suitable for bringing the electrical power to the electrical system of the building. Building structure according to any one of claims 9 to 14, wherein said infill module (40) is anchored to the left module (20) and to the adjacent right module (30), but not to the slab (3). 16. Method of manufacturing a building structure for the consolidation of buildings at seismic risk according to any one of claims 9 to 15 comprising the steps of: - transport the plurality of prefabricated modules in the vicinity of the building; - juxtapose the prefabricated modules around the building together; - anchor the prefabricated modules to at least one slab of the building in such a way as to compress the internal insulation layer (24, 34) against the perimeter wall (4); - anchor the prefabricated modules to the ground. 17. Method of making a prefabricated module (10, 20, 30) for the construction of buildings or for the construction of a prefabricated structure for the Consolidation of buildings at seismic risk, including the phases of: - providing a metal frame (23, 33) inserted in a formwork; - throwing or injecting a fluid structural binding agent mixed with a granular insulating material into the formwork so as to incorporate the metal frame (23); - solidify the structural agent and remove the formwork. A method according to claim 17 further comprising the step of joining a compressible insulating material, for example rock wool, to the solidified structural material. Prefabricated building structure according to any one of claims 9 to 15 wherein each prefabricated module of the plurality of prefabricated modules is a prefabricated module according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 20. Prefabricated building structure, for example a prefabricated building or a prefabricated room of a building, such as a prefabricated bathroom, comprising a plurality of prefabricated modules (10, 20, 30) in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 8, side by side and connected to each other. 21. Prefabricated building structure according to claim 20 without further supporting structures, such as pillars or beams.