EP2660433A1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur elektrischen Stromerzeugung - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur elektrischen Stromerzeugung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2660433A1
EP2660433A1 EP13166091.2A EP13166091A EP2660433A1 EP 2660433 A1 EP2660433 A1 EP 2660433A1 EP 13166091 A EP13166091 A EP 13166091A EP 2660433 A1 EP2660433 A1 EP 2660433A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
tank
operating fluid
fluid
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13166091.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Giuseppe Vitri
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
E-Mind Studi e Progettazione Ing Vitri Giuseppe e Ing Luchetti Filippo
Original Assignee
E-Mind Studi e Progettazione Ing Vitri Giuseppe e Ing Luchetti Filippo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by E-Mind Studi e Progettazione Ing Vitri Giuseppe e Ing Luchetti Filippo filed Critical E-Mind Studi e Progettazione Ing Vitri Giuseppe e Ing Luchetti Filippo
Publication of EP2660433A1 publication Critical patent/EP2660433A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/04—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for the fluid being in different phases, e.g. foamed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field concerning the energy transformation and in particular it relates to a device for electric power generation suitable to exploit thermal jumps of reduced size, but not only, and that can also be used in different environments such as domestic, commercial, industrial and assigned for communities.
  • Said invention also relates to a method for electric power generation wherein the meaning of "electric power generation” is the transformation of thermal energy into mechanical energy suitable for operating an electric power generator, for example an alternator or similar or for operating other types of users.
  • Document EP1801364A1 discloses to a heat pump for feeding a refrigerant without using a mechanical pump, a heat pump system, and a transcritical Rankine cycle system, the heat pump having a function to feed a refrigerant by vaporizing a liquid refrigerant liquefied in a condenser by a heat source outside the system or by utilizing a part of heat used to operate the system and raising pressure of the vaporized refrigerant, the heat pump system comprising a plurality of the heat pumps, the transcritical Rankine cycle system comprising the heat pump or the heat pump system.
  • the invention is suitably applied to a transcritical Rankine cycle, etc. without need for a mechanical pump which induces mechanical loss in feeding working refrigerant.
  • Document DE10126403A1 discloses a power station having carbon dioxide fluid as its working means, a forward line with at least one turbine or piston engine and a return line with at least one pressure build-up device.
  • the forward line and the return line realize a closed liquid circuit.
  • the station has a high pressure container and a low pressure container, each divided by an inner floating partition wall in a liquid carbon dioxide space and a nitrogen space.
  • the liquid carbon dioxide space of the high and low pressure containers have respective constant temperature controller.
  • the turbine in the forward line from the high to the low pressure container and the pressure build-up device in the low pressure line from the low to the high pressure container.
  • Document DE102009057179 discloses to an engine which consists of an evaporator vessel or working cylinder and a fluid turbine where additionally suitable control mechanisms are used by significantly increase efficiency.
  • the vapor is used to pressurize the feeding turbine liquid.
  • Document DE3624357 discloses a method for obtaining energy from the ambient air where a liquid operated turbine is fed by pressurized liquid stored in a pressure vessel provided with a piston having a weight resting onto it to keep the liquid into the pressure vessel under pressure while said liquid is fed into the pressure vessel by a static pump operated by the environment temperature changes.
  • a liquid operated turbine is fed by pressurized liquid stored in a pressure vessel provided with a piston having a weight resting onto it to keep the liquid into the pressure vessel under pressure while said liquid is fed into the pressure vessel by a static pump operated by the environment temperature changes.
  • Several liquids as water, glycol and alcohol are used.
  • Document DE102005049215 discloses a method and device for generating mechanical or electrical energy from heat where a refrigerant circuit provides heat from a geothermal probe to an operative circuit through a set of heat exchanger.
  • the operative circuit includes a turbine operated by a fluid heated by the refrigerant circuit and by compression heat produced by compressors of the operative circuit the same.
  • a turbine replaces a throttling valve o thermal expansion valve.
  • An object of the present invention is to propose an electric or mechanical power generation device and to propose a method for electric power generation that are simple, cheap and reliable.
  • Another object is to propose a device of reduced size and modular used individually or in multiple copies interconnected to obtain a continuous supply of power.
  • Another object is to propose a device suitable to exploit thermal sources with relatively low temperatures also negative, for example at -10°C, and thermal sources having very small temperature differences, for example also of only 10°C.
  • Further object is to propose a device suitable for domestic use, for applications in environments such as industrial, livestock breeding, agriculture, renewable energy generation, and everywhere thermal sources are available even having low enthalpy.
  • numeral 1 indicates the electric power generation device, object of the present invention, comprising a first tank 2 and a second tank 3 for an operating fluid.
  • These tanks can be made of steel, aluminum alloys, synthetic materials and composites, such as carbon, aramide, and/or glass or the like fibers, bonded in a resin matrix and are suitable to withstand the pressures and the provided pressure variation cycles, that can range from dozen of kg/cm 2 to hundreds of kg/cm 2 .
  • Said tanks can have any form, generally cylindrical and they are preferably stacked arranged, with the first tank 2 below the second tank 3.
  • the device 1 comprises a first opening and closing means 4, for example of tubular type and equipped with a respective remotely operated opening and closing valve.
  • the first opening and closing means 4 is connected to the upper portion of the first tank 2 and to the lower portion of the second tank 3 to connect or separate the inner volumes.
  • the first tank 2 is provided with a first connecting means 7 having a respective remote controlled opening and closing valve connecting or separating the inner volume of said first tank 2 with the input of a motor means 5, for example consisting of a turbine or a micro-turbine of gas expansion or steam or biphasic mixture in another apparatus converting pressure energy in mechanical energy or for the direct exploitation of the pressure energy.
  • the second tank 3 is provided with a second tubular connecting means 17 which puts said second tank 3 in flow communication with the expanded fluid outlet of the motor means 5.
  • the first tank 2 contains a first heat exchanger means 8, for example tubular kind exchanger, fed by a respective circuit 8a, 8b wherein a first thermal fluid circulates, thanks to a pump, of remotely controlled blower or compressor or similar type, the fluid is heated by a first thermal source and it is assigned to heat, by means of the first heat exchanger 8, the operating fluid contained in the first tank 2 yielding to it the heat taken from said first source.
  • This first source may consist, for example, in a solar collector, in a condenser of a refrigeration system or an air conditioner, or in a duct for hot water exhausted and derived from an industrial process or from households, or from any other source also marginal or wasted.
  • the second tanks 3 contains a second heat exchanger means 9 tubular fed by a respective circuit 9a, 9b wherein a second thermal fluid circulates, thanks to a respective pump, of remotely controlled blower or compressor or similar respective type, the second thermal fluid is cooled by a second heat source having a lower temperature in respect to the first heat source and/or to the environment temperature.
  • This second thermal fluid is assigned to cool by means of the second heat exchanger means 9 the operating fluid contained in the second tank 3 by withdrawing from it the heat that is transferred to said second source consisting of, for example, the evaporator of a refrigeration circuit, the external environment, the marine water below the thermocline, or any other source also marginal or wasted having temperature below the ambient temperature one or to a predetermined value.
  • the device can be equipped with a single heat exchanger means of one tank while the other tank can be exposed directly to air and to ambient conditions.
  • the device comprises both the above mentioned heat exchangers and the tanks are insulated for increase the heat insulation.
  • first and second thermal fluids equal and consisting in a liquid, preferably water, but also it provides alternatives, described in the variants, and consisting for example of a phase transition fluid such as a refrigerating fluid or a gas such as air.
  • the first tank may contain a third heat exchanger means SCa inside the first tank 2 and connected in shunt to the circuit 9a, 9b feeding the second heat exchanger means 9 where such a circuit is provided of valves S2, S1 for the selective exclusion of the second 9 and the third SCa heat exchanger means.
  • the device also comprises temperature and/or pressure sensors associated, for example, to tanks, to circuits 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b of the thermal fluid and/or to the first 7 and second 17 connecting means. These sensors are connected, for instance in electrical manner, to respective ports for the signals of control and management means of the device, for example of the microprocessor type, with memories, A/D and/or D/A interfaces , which remotely control and command valves, diverters, pumps and other active elements of the device based on a control and management program.
  • the invention provides that the operating fluid is of a type which in the operating conditions may undergo phase transitions or of a type which under such conditions remains at the gaseous phase.
  • the invention provides that the operating fluid of the embodiment of Figure 1 consists of carbon dioxide.
  • the device may comprise first countercurrent or parallel heat exchanger means SCb having two distinct ducts and in mutual connection of the thermal flow.
  • a first duct of the first countercurrent or parallel heat exchanger means SCb is inserted in series in the feeding circuit 8a, 8b of the heated first thermal fluid in the first heat exchanger means 8, downstream of the latter first exchanger means 8 with respect to the flow direction in said circuit 8a, 8b, and in this first duct.
  • the second duct is inserted in series in the second connecting means 17 downstream of the motor means 5.
  • the device may further comprise second countercurrent or parallel heat exchanger means SCc having two distinct ducts and in connection to the thermal flow.
  • the first duct is inserted in series in the circuit 9a, 9b feeding the cooled second fluid to the second heat exchanger means 9 downstream of the latter second heat exchanger means 9 and the second duct is inserted in series in the second connecting means 17 downstream motor means 5.
  • the second countercurrent or parallel heat exchanger means SCc is placed downstream the first countercurrent or parallel heat exchanger means SCb.
  • the operation of the device 1 provides, starting from an initial condition of thermal and pressure equilibrium of the operating fluid of the two tanks 2, 3, that the control means operates the closing of the valves of the first opening and closing means 4 and of the first connecting means 7 thereby separating the portions of the operating fluid in the two tanks.
  • control means operates the flows of hot and cold thermal fluid, heated and cooled to temperatures respectively higher and lower than the balance temperature of the operating fluid, in the first 8 and second 9 heat exchanger means through the actuation of respective circulation pumps.
  • control means Upon reaching the predetermined difference the control means operate the opening of the valve of the first connecting means 7 allowing the operating fluid of the first tank 2 to flow in the second tank 3 through the first 7 and second 17 connecting means and through the motor means 5 operating the latter.
  • the motor means 5 can rotate the electric power generator 6 connected to it, or another user, until the pressure difference between the two tanks reaches or falls below a predetermined value at which the control means operate the stop of the flows of hot and cold fluid in the first 8 and second 9 heat exchanger means, the control means operate also the opening of the first opening and closing means 4 until reaching the equilibrium condition of the operating fluid of the two tanks 2, 3 possibly speeding up by means of the third heat exchanger means SCa.
  • the variant of Figure 2 differs from the embodiment of Figure 1 in that the first heat exchanger means 8 and the respective circuit 8a, 8b and the second heat exchanger means 9 and the respective circuit 9a, 9b use as thermal fluids gas type fluids, for example two identical thermal fluids consisting of air.
  • the hot and cold air flows of respectively the first 8 and second 9 exchanger means are operated by respective blowers of the two circuits 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b controlled by the control means.
  • the variant of figure 3 differs from the embodiment of Figure 1 in that the first heat exchanger means 8 and the respective circuit 8a, 8b are of hot air type while the second heat exchanger means 9, the third heat exchanger means SCa and their circuit 9a, 9b use water or other liquid.
  • figure 4 differs from the embodiment of Figure 1 in that it comprises a second opening and closing means 14, parallel to the first 4, equipped with a respective opening and closing valve and connected to the first 2 and second 3 tanks to connect and separate their inner volume.
  • This second opening and closing means 14 is assigned, in cooperation with the first opening and closing means 4, to achieve a movement, for example of natural type, of the operating fluid for speeding up the reaching of the equilibrium condition of the operating fluid.
  • first 4 and/or second 14 opening and closing means can be equipped with a fan or pump means, applied in series to the respective valves.
  • pump means establish a forced circulation of the operating fluid to further speed up the achievement of the equilibrium condition of the operating fluid.
  • this variant provides two copies of the device 1 connected together in parallel and to the same motor means 5.
  • the control means operate and command the two copies or, in other word, two reproductions 1 with temporally offset phases for extended or continuous operation of the common motor means 5.
  • Each first tank 2 is internally provided with a respective fourth recovery exchanger means 19 whose input is connected via a diverter valve 20 to the output of the common motor means 5 and whose output is connected to a first tank 3 and to the other adjacent copy of the device 1.
  • the invention provides that the number of specimens connected in parallel can be greater than two.
  • the variant of Figure 5 reaches maximum power of 805W, average power of 450W and efficiency of 25% considering as efficiency the electrical or mechanical energy obtained divided by the energy used to keep hot the coupled system only during the electric power or mechanical energy generation.
  • the electric power generation method object of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • An advantage of the present invention is to provide an electric power or mechanical energy generation device and to propose a method for electric power generation that are simple, cheap and reliable.
  • Another advantage is to provide a device of reduced size and modular used individually or in multiple copies interconnected to obtain a continuous supply of power.
  • Another advantage is to provide a device suitable to exploit thermal sources with relatively low temperatures and very small temperature differences, for example also of only 10°C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
EP13166091.2A 2012-05-02 2013-04-30 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur elektrischen Stromerzeugung Withdrawn EP2660433A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000049A ITAN20120049A1 (it) 2012-05-02 2012-05-02 Sistema per generazione di energia elettrica e relativo metodo.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2660433A1 true EP2660433A1 (de) 2013-11-06

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EP13166091.2A Withdrawn EP2660433A1 (de) 2012-05-02 2013-04-30 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur elektrischen Stromerzeugung

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6059398B1 (ja) * 2016-09-28 2017-01-11 株式会社Ihi バイナリ発電システム
JP6097897B1 (ja) * 2017-01-10 2017-03-15 株式会社Ihi バイナリ発電システム
WO2017068061A1 (en) * 2015-10-20 2017-04-27 Niki Enerji Uretim A.S. A power generator and a method of generating power
WO2017176316A1 (en) * 2016-04-05 2017-10-12 Raytheon Company Modified co2 cycle for long endurance unmanned underwater vehicles and resultant chirp acoustic capability
US9834288B1 (en) 2016-06-03 2017-12-05 Raytheon Company Hydraulic drives for use in charging systems, ballast systems, or other systems of underwater vehicles
WO2017209807A1 (en) * 2016-06-03 2017-12-07 Raytheon Company Apparatus and method for periodically charging ocean vessel or other system using thermal energy conversion
US10017060B2 (en) 2016-09-13 2018-07-10 Raytheon Company Systems and methods supporting periodic exchange of power supplies in underwater vehicles or other devices
GB2559019A (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-07-25 Ccm Res Limited Power generation
US10472033B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2019-11-12 Raytheon Company Systems and methods for power generation based on surface air-to-water thermal differences
US10502099B2 (en) 2017-01-23 2019-12-10 Raytheon Company System and method for free-piston power generation based on thermal differences
US11001357B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2021-05-11 Raytheon Company Tactical maneuvering ocean thermal energy conversion buoy for ocean activity surveillance
US11052981B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2021-07-06 Raytheon Company Systems and methods for augmenting power generation based on thermal energy conversion using solar or radiated thermal energy
US11085425B2 (en) 2019-06-25 2021-08-10 Raytheon Company Power generation systems based on thermal differences using slow-motion high-force energy conversion

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3624357A1 (de) 1986-07-18 1988-01-28 Harald Stanger Verfahren zur energiegewinnung aus umgebungsluft
DE10126403A1 (de) 2000-05-30 2001-12-06 Holder Karl Ludwig Kraftstation mit einem CO2-Kreislauf
DE102005049215A1 (de) 2005-10-07 2007-04-19 Alf Gundermann Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von mechanischer oder elektrischer Energie aus Wärme
EP1801364A1 (de) 2004-09-17 2007-06-27 The Doshisha Wärmepumpe, wärmepumpensystem und clausius-rankine-prozess
DE102009057179A1 (de) 2009-12-05 2011-06-09 Werba, Hans Dampf-Flüssigkeits-Triebwerk

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3624357A1 (de) 1986-07-18 1988-01-28 Harald Stanger Verfahren zur energiegewinnung aus umgebungsluft
DE10126403A1 (de) 2000-05-30 2001-12-06 Holder Karl Ludwig Kraftstation mit einem CO2-Kreislauf
EP1801364A1 (de) 2004-09-17 2007-06-27 The Doshisha Wärmepumpe, wärmepumpensystem und clausius-rankine-prozess
DE102005049215A1 (de) 2005-10-07 2007-04-19 Alf Gundermann Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von mechanischer oder elektrischer Energie aus Wärme
DE102009057179A1 (de) 2009-12-05 2011-06-09 Werba, Hans Dampf-Flüssigkeits-Triebwerk

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017068061A1 (en) * 2015-10-20 2017-04-27 Niki Enerji Uretim A.S. A power generator and a method of generating power
NL2015638B1 (de) * 2015-10-20 2017-05-15
CN108884725B (zh) * 2016-04-05 2020-11-13 雷神公司 用于长航时无人水下交通工具的改进二氧化碳循环和所得到的线性调频声性能
WO2017176316A1 (en) * 2016-04-05 2017-10-12 Raytheon Company Modified co2 cycle for long endurance unmanned underwater vehicles and resultant chirp acoustic capability
US10946944B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2021-03-16 Raytheon Company Modified CO2 cycle for long endurance unmanned underwater vehicles and resultant chirp acoustic capability
CN108884725A (zh) * 2016-04-05 2018-11-23 雷神公司 用于长航时无人水下交通工具的改进二氧化碳循环和所得到的线性调频声性能
US10364006B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2019-07-30 Raytheon Company Modified CO2 cycle for long endurance unmanned underwater vehicles and resultant chirp acoustic capability
US9834288B1 (en) 2016-06-03 2017-12-05 Raytheon Company Hydraulic drives for use in charging systems, ballast systems, or other systems of underwater vehicles
WO2017209807A1 (en) * 2016-06-03 2017-12-07 Raytheon Company Apparatus and method for periodically charging ocean vessel or other system using thermal energy conversion
US10036510B2 (en) 2016-06-03 2018-07-31 Raytheon Company Apparatus and method for periodically charging ocean vessel or other system using thermal energy conversion
US10017060B2 (en) 2016-09-13 2018-07-10 Raytheon Company Systems and methods supporting periodic exchange of power supplies in underwater vehicles or other devices
JP6059398B1 (ja) * 2016-09-28 2017-01-11 株式会社Ihi バイナリ発電システム
US11052981B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2021-07-06 Raytheon Company Systems and methods for augmenting power generation based on thermal energy conversion using solar or radiated thermal energy
US10472033B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2019-11-12 Raytheon Company Systems and methods for power generation based on surface air-to-water thermal differences
GB2559019B (en) * 2016-12-01 2019-06-26 Ccm Res Limited Power generation
US20190323385A1 (en) * 2016-12-01 2019-10-24 CCm Technologies Limited Power generation
CN110352291A (zh) * 2016-12-01 2019-10-18 Ccm科技有限公司 电力生成
JP2019535956A (ja) * 2016-12-01 2019-12-12 シーシーエム テクノロジーズ リミテッド 発電
GB2559019A (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-07-25 Ccm Res Limited Power generation
US10895173B2 (en) 2016-12-01 2021-01-19 CCm Technologies Limited Power generation
CN110352291B (zh) * 2016-12-01 2022-10-04 Ccm科技有限公司 用于驱动涡轮机的方法
JP2018112081A (ja) * 2017-01-10 2018-07-19 株式会社Ihi バイナリ発電システム
JP6097897B1 (ja) * 2017-01-10 2017-03-15 株式会社Ihi バイナリ発電システム
US10502099B2 (en) 2017-01-23 2019-12-10 Raytheon Company System and method for free-piston power generation based on thermal differences
US11085425B2 (en) 2019-06-25 2021-08-10 Raytheon Company Power generation systems based on thermal differences using slow-motion high-force energy conversion
US11001357B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2021-05-11 Raytheon Company Tactical maneuvering ocean thermal energy conversion buoy for ocean activity surveillance

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