EP2650435B1 - Stone and laying unit with multiple stones - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a stone, in particular a paving stone for forming a floor covering according to the preamble of claim 1. The application further relates to a laying unit with several stones according to the preamble of claim 11.

Stones, in particular paving stones and laying units of the type mentioned here, are known in principle from the prior art. On at least one circumferential side, they have at least one seepage opening region arranged between two spacer elements, which serves for discharging water, in particular rainwater and / or condensation water, from the accessible upper side of the stone into the substrate.

From the DE 44 15 575 A1 For example, there is known a concrete precast earth cover, and a method and apparatus for obtaining infiltration capability of such soil cover. A concrete paving stone of the type shown there comprises seepage openings, which are designed so that surface water can be absorbed by seeping into the ground. The infiltration opening area is bounded by two spacer elements, which are formed like a knob on the peripheral side of the paving stone. The resulting joints next to the infiltration opening area are filled with a joint filling.

A Bodenplatten- or paving stone system for creating paved areas, in particular for the creation of parking areas or parking lots, is also from the DE 20 2010 002 924 U1 known. The paving stones shown there each have a percolation opening area between two spacer elements, wherein the spacer elements extend substantially over the entire height of the paving stone in the form of projections, so that between the spacer elements verdgrünbare joints are formed, which at the same time for draining water, especially rain - and condensation water, serve.

From the DE 42 21 900 A1 is a plastic pavement with point-symmetric or axisymmetric artificial stone elements known. Distance units are provided between the artificial stone elements, whereby a joint is formed when laying artificial stone elements, which is not filled with grout material. This allows water to be absorbed immediately.

From the WO 96/37657 A1 is a molded block for a pavement facing known having side jaws with dirt.

The DE 19 718 363 A1 shows a concrete block for a paving stone pavement.

The DE 29 60 7105 U1 shows a concrete paving stone with a walkable or passable top.

A disadvantage of the known stones with Sickeröffnungsbereichen is that the derived water seeps directly into the ground, so that the substrate has to absorb a significant amount of water in a short time. Furthermore, it is problematic that dirt particles are discharged through the seepage openings together with the water, which in the long run clog the seepage opening areas and contaminate the subsoil.

Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a stone and a laying unit comprising several stones, which ensure an improved drainage of water, in particular rain and / or condensation, and in addition a blockage of the Sickeröffnungsbereiche through Significantly reduce dirt particles and also avoid that the substrate absorbs a significant amount of water in a short time.

To solve the above object, a stone, in particular a paving stone for forming a floor covering, with the features of claim 1 is proposed. The stone has on at least one peripheral side at least one seepage opening region arranged between two spacer elements. Furthermore, the spacers limit on their the walkable top of the stone facing sides a Schmutzfilterfuge and on their underside of the stone facing sides a water storage space so that the Schmutzfilterfuge is separated from the water storage space when the spacer elements come into contact with another stone. The stone is characterized in that the spacer elements are formed by a peripheral side of the stone being chamfered in an upper region so that an inclined surface is disposed at an angle of less than 90 ° to the top of the stone so that the dirt filter groove is designed as a wedge joint.

An essential point of the invention is thus that the stone according to the invention has a combined system which simultaneously realizes a water drain, in particular a rain and condensation water outlet, a dirt filter and a water reservoir. In this way it is avoided that water draining into the infiltrant opening area immediately seeps into the subsoil. Rather, the leaked water is cached in the formed as a water reservoir water storage space and can thus be stored, especially in hot areas of the earth for cooling purposes first in the water storage room and evaporate again from the water storage space through the seepage areas. At the same time, the dirt filter joint prevents dirt particles from being discharged into the seepage opening area, so that contamination of the seepage opening area and the subsurface can be substantially reduced. Furthermore, the Schmutzfilterfuge can be easily clean or suck by means of a high-pressure jet. Due to the Schmutzfilterfuge, which is separated by the inventive spacer elements of the water storage room, the water storage space remains free of contamination. The substrate on which the stones according to the invention are arranged, remains free from contamination in this way. Due to the fact that the invention Spacers to separate the dirt filter joint from the water storage room, when the spacers come into contact with another stone, it is avoided that get from the dirt filter joint from dirt directly into the water storage room. However, no fluid-tight connection is created by the installation of the spacer element on a further stone, so that water to be discharged can pass directly from the dirt filter joint into the water storage space, while the dirt particles remain in the dirt filter joint.

Particularly preferred is a stone in which the water storage space are formed as a wedge joint. Such a trained stone is particularly easy to produce and creates a sufficient volume of dirt filter for receiving dirt and a sufficient volume of the water storage space for intermediate storage of liquid, especially rain and / or condensation. The infiltration opening region is preferably substantially arc-shaped, in particular semicircular or oval, when viewed in cross-section or in a plan view. In the height direction, i. Seen from the top to the bottom of the stone, the infiltration opening region is preferably cylindrical or funnel-shaped. If the infiltration opening region is funnel-shaped, it preferably tapers from the upper side of the stone towards the spacer element. The infiltrant opening area is also preferably in fluid communication with the water storage spaces, so that the water discharged via the infiltration opening area does not immediately seep into the ground, but is temporarily stored temporarily in the water storage space.

Particularly preferred is a stone in which a plurality of drainage opening areas are provided on at least one peripheral side of the stone, wherein a spacer element extends continuously between two drainage opening areas. In this way, an elongated Schmutzfilterfuge and an elongated trained water storage space, the volume of which allows the inclusion of a significant amount of dirt or water between two seepage areas. Preferably, the water storage space extends over the entire width of the at least one peripheral side. The water storage space is preferably trapezoidal in longitudinal section. It is understood that other longitudinal sectional shapes of the water storage space can be realized are. The spacer elements are preferably formed as protrusions or webs projecting beyond the upper side of the stone in the longitudinal direction and, in this way, in addition to establishing a distance to an adjacent space, permit the necessary separation between the dirt filter joint and the water storage space, which prevents dirt particles from the dirt filter joint get out into the water storage room. The spacer elements are preferably arranged substantially at half the height on the peripheral side of the stone. The height at which the spacers are located on the perimeter of the stone may vary depending on whether a larger volume of dirt filter fouling or a larger reservoir volume is required in a particular application.

To solve the above object, a laying unit with the features of claim 11 is proposed. The laying unit has several stones according to the invention, in particular paving stones or concrete blocks for forming a stone floor covering. It is particularly advantageous if the laying unit has at least two stones, on the peripheral side of each of which spacer elements and inflow opening regions are provided, which are arranged adjacent to one another. In this way, the Schmutzfilterfugen and water storage spaces of the stones can be joined together and the volume of Schmutzfilterfugen and the water storage rooms can thus be doubled.

Fig. 1

Eine schematische Draufsicht auf zwei benachbart zueinander angeordnete Steine gemäß der Erfindung;

Fig. 2

einen Längsschnitt durch die Steine gemäß Fig. 1 entlang der Schnittlinie A-A;

Fig. 3

einen Längsschnitt durch die Steine gemäß Fig. 1 entlang der Schnittlinie B-B, und

Fig. 4

eine schematische Draufsicht auf zwei benachbart zueinander angeordnete Steine gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.
Show it:

Fig. 1

A schematic plan view of two adjacently arranged stones according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a longitudinal section through the stones according to Fig. 1 along the section line AA;

Fig. 3

a longitudinal section through the stones according to Fig. 1 along the section line BB, and

Fig. 4

a schematic plan view of two adjacently arranged stones according to an embodiment of the invention.

The Fig. 1 shows a schematic plan view of two adjacently arranged stones 1 according to the invention. A stone 1 according to the invention is designed, for example, as a paving stone, as a slab or as a molded concrete block or similar material and can serve, for example, to create a paved surface, in particular a parking area or a parking space. The stone has an upper side OS, which is cambered to avoid sharp edges, ie can be provided with a curvature on the upper side OS.

The stone 1 may have a two-layer structure, consisting of a water-permeable intent and coarsely porous core concrete, which meets the demands for very high infiltration. As a result, precipitation can also drain through the stones due to the water-permeable facing concrete. The stone 1 can also have an air- and water-permeable core, in particular made of concrete, which is provided on its upper side with a closed attachment layer. The surface of the stone may be processed appropriately. The type and size of the stone 1 may vary depending on the application and be for example 26 cm x 13 cm or 6 cm x 8 cm.

The stone 1 has a plurality of spacer elements 3, wherein two spacer elements surround a drain opening region 5. The Fig. 1 makes it clear that, viewed in plan view and thus also viewed in cross-section, the percolation opening regions 5 of a stone 1 in the in Fig. 1 embodiment shown are formed semicircular. It is self-evident that other shapes of the seepage opening regions 5 are also conceivable, in particular an oval or laterally rounded, essentially rectangular design, as described in US Pat Fig. 4 is shown.

In the Fig. 1 It will also be clear that, when two stones 1 according to the invention are in communication with each other, which are formed and arranged substantially mirror-inverted, the spacer elements and the percolation opening regions 5 of the two stones 1 abut each other, so that substantially circular percolation opening regions are formed, each consisting of two semi-circular Sickeröffnungsbereiche 5 of two stones. The two in Fig. 1 shown stones 1 are thus formed identical and arranged mirror images of each other. Both the number and the diameter the leakage opening portions 5 along a peripheral side of the stone 1 (in the Fig. 1 by way of example in the width direction B) and thus also the number of spacers 3 are variable and may vary depending on the field of use and the size of the stone. The distance s between two adjacent inflow opening regions 5 may be, for example, 30 mm.

The Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section along the section line AA in Fig. 1 It is clear that the spacer elements 3 were formed according to the present invention by processing the peripheral side F, in particular by chamfering the peripheral side F of the stone 1, so that the spacer elements 3 formed as wedge-shaped projections are that protrude in the longitudinal direction L of the stone 1 on the top OS of the stone 1 and in this way establish a distance c between the top OS of the stone 1 and an adjacent stone.

The spacer element 3 of a stone 1 is designed such that on its side facing the accessible upper side OS of the stone, it defines a dirt filter joint 7, which is provided for catching dirt. Because of that in the Fig. 2 the two Schmutzfilterfugen 7 two stones 1 are directly related to each other, the resulting Schmutzfilterfuge comprises twice the volume, namely the volume of two individual Schmutzfilterfugen 7 two stones. Due to the chamfer of the peripheral side and the resulting inclined surface results in a Schmutzfilterfuge 7, which is in the form of a wedge joint. As in connection with Fig. 1 can be seen, this wedge joint extends advantageously seen in the width direction B, along the peripheral side of the stone 1 between two Sickeröffnungsbereichen 5. Thus, there is a continuous connection of two Sickeröffnungsbereiche 5 by an elongated Schmutzfilterfuge. 7

On its underside G facing the underside of the stone US limits a spacer 3 beyond a water storage space 9, with in Fig. 1 recognizable leach port regions 5 is in fluid communication and thus serves to receive a fluid, in particular water. The water storage space 9 thus forms a water reservoir, which serves for the intermediate storage of water draining through the seepage opening area. The Fig. 2 makes it clear that both stones 1 bounded by the spacer 3 Have water storage room 9. So if, as in the Fig. 2 shown, two stones 1 come into contact with each other, the volume of the resulting water storage space is doubled and thus comprises the volume of two water storage spaces 9 two stones 1. Starting from the water storage room 9, the discharged water then seep along the arrows 11 in the ground G, if provided it has not previously evaporated over the leach opening areas 5.

The substrate G may be a seepage layer, which is specially designed to accommodate the elapsed water. Especially in hot areas of the earth, the water storage space 9 is particularly advantageous because it avoids immediate seepage of the water into the ground, starting from the seepage opening areas 5. At higher temperatures, the water stored in the water storage 9 can thus evaporate again through the seepage opening areas 5 and thus contribute to the cooling and humidity increase of the floor covering formed by the stones 1.

In the in Fig. 2 However, this is not necessarily a fluid-tight connection, so that located in the Schmutzfilterfugen 7 water can drain into the water storage chamber 9, while dirt particles in the Leave dirt filter joints 7. The water storage space 9 thus receives not only water, which is supplied via the seepage opening areas 5, but water can also penetrate through the Schmutzfilterfuge 7 in the water storage space 9. The remaining in the Schmutzfilterfuge 7 dirt particles are in the Fig. 2 represented by the dots.

At the in Fig. 2 In the embodiment of the invention shown, the spacer element is realized in that a circumferential side of the stone 1 is chamfered in an upper region such that the resulting inclined surface 10 is arranged at an angle α to the upper side OS of the stone 1, which is equal to or smaller than 90 ° is. In this way, a projection is formed, which forms the spacer element 3. At the same time a tapered joint is formed by the tapered peripheral side of the stone 1, which forms the Schmutzfilterfuge 7. In the underside of the US facing height range of the peripheral side of the stone 1, the peripheral side is also formed chamfered. The resulting inclined surface 12 limits the Water storage space 9 together with the spacer 3 and extends at an angle β to the bottom US, which is equal to or less than 90 °. In other words, the two planes in which the two inclined surfaces 10 and 12 lie intersect in a region which, viewed in the longitudinal direction L, lies outside the surface OS of the stone 1.

Depending on which volume the dirt filter groove 7 and the water storage space 9 should have, the position of the spacer 3 in the height direction H can vary. The angles .alpha. And .beta. Between the oblique surfaces and the lower side US or the upper side OS of the stone 1 can also vary depending on the volume of the dirt filter groove 7 and the water storage space 9. Depending on the application, the volume can vary. Thus, for example, in a comparatively clean, but precipitation-rich area of the water storage space 9 may be formed relatively larger than the Schmutzfilterfuge 7. Conversely, in a relatively dirty and low-precipitation area of the water storage space 9 may be made smaller.

Deviations between the angles α and β of the inclined surfaces 10 and 12 are preferably compensated by a compensation surface E, which preferably runs parallel to the surface OS, so that the spacer element has a sharp edge K along the peripheral side.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 2 formed by the configuration of the spacer 3, a substantially trapezoidal water storage space 9 seen in a longitudinal section. It is understood that the longitudinal sectional shape of the water storage space 9 may vary. In particular, it can be provided that a triangular, rectangular or semi-circular cross-section of the water storage space 9 is provided. All that matters is that the spacer element 3 is designed in such a way that it protrudes above the upper side OS of the stone 1 in such a way that it delimits and separates a dirt filter groove 7 and a water storage space 9 when the spacer elements come into contact with another stone. Incidentally, in the case of a stone which comes into contact with a stone 1 according to the invention, it does not have to be a stone according to the invention. Also conceivable is the combination of a stone according to the invention with a stone which has a substantially perpendicular peripheral side with respect to the substrate G. In this case, a Schmutzfilterfuge 7 and a water storage space 9, which compared to the in Fig. 2 shown constellation only half the volume.

The Fig. 3 shows the in Fig. 1 shown, adjacent to each other arranged stones 1 along the section line BB. The section runs through a drain opening region 5 or through two seepage opening regions 5 of two inventive stones 1 arranged adjacent to one another Fig. 3 makes it clear that the percolation opening area 5 is in fluid communication with the water storage space 9. Preferably, all the water storage spaces 9 of a stone 1 are connected to each other and to all the seepage opening areas 5. Starting from the infiltration opening region 5, running water can thus reach the water storage space 9 directly in order to be temporarily stored there. Starting from the water storage space 9, the water can in turn evaporate through the infiltration opening regions 5 or seep into the substrate G.

The Fig. 3 makes it clear that the percolation opening region 5 seen in the height direction H is formed substantially cylindrical. However, it can also be provided that the infiltration opening region 5 is funnel-shaped. For example, the infiltration opening region 5 may be 4 mm at its end facing the upper side OS of the stone 1, while it amounts to only 2 mm at the end 15 facing the underside US of the stone 1. The distance a between the undersides US of two adjacent stones 1 according to the invention may vary depending on the area of use and be, for example, between 10 and 15 mm.

In the present embodiment, the radius of the semicircular inflow opening portions 5 is set to be substantially coincident with the distance c between the edge K of the spacer 3 and the top surface OS of the stone 1 in the longitudinal direction L.

In the Fig. 2 recognizable Schmutzfilterfuge 7 can be either sucked out for cleaning purposes in an advantageous manner or flushed out by means of a high-pressure cleaner without dirt particles get into the water storage chamber 9. In conventional systems, the seepage areas 5 are also flushed out by a high-pressure cleaner, but there passes a considerable amount of dirt in the ground, thus ensuring a Reduction of the water flow. It is understood that the dimensions of the leachable opening areas 5, the dirt filter joints 7 and the water storage space 9 can be adapted to the particular circumstances, and in particular to the amount of water to be discharged or to the amount of dirt to be collected and the size of the stone.

A stone according to the present invention can be produced particularly easily by first forming a dirt filter groove 7 extending over the entire width of the peripheral side, a water storage space 9 extending over the entire width of the peripheral side and a spacer element 3 extending over the entire width of the peripheral side becomes. In particular, the above-mentioned elements are produced by the production of two counter-beveled surfaces on at least one peripheral side of the stone. Subsequently, at least one, but preferably a plurality of seepage opening regions 5 are introduced into the peripheral side of the stone 1, wherein the distances between a plurality of seepage opening regions 5 are preferably the same.

In the present case, a stone 1 has been shown, which has a plurality of seepage opening areas on a peripheral side, whose ends facing the upper side OS of a stone 13 are connected via Schmutzfilterfugen 7 and the lower, the underside US a stone 1 facing ends 15 via water storage chambers 9 are in fluid communication with each other. It is understood that each peripheral side of a stone 1 according to the invention can be processed in this way. The number of the Sickeröffnungsbereiche 5 is variable as I said and may in particular also be different depending on the peripheral side.

Overall, it is thus evident that the present invention advantageously provides a stone, in particular a paving stone, which comprises a particularly advantageous combined system of a water drain, a water reservoir and a dirt filter.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

stone

3

spacer

5

Seepage opening area

7

Schutzfilterfuge

9

Water storage space

10

sloping surface

11

arrows

12

sloping surface

13

Top end

15

Lower end

OS

top

US

bottom

G

underground

α

angle

β

angle

H

height direction

L

longitudinal direction

B

width direction

a

distance

s

distance

c

distance

F

peripheral side

K

edge

e

compensation area

Claims (12)

1. Stone (1), in particular paving stone for creating a floor covering which on at least one peripheral side (F) comprises at least one seepage opening area (5) arranged between two spacer elements (3), wherein the spacer elements (3) on their sides facing the upper side (OS) that can be walked on of the stone (1) delimit a dirt filter joint (7) and on their sides facing the lower side (US) of the stone a water storage space (9) in such a way that the dirt filter joint (7) is separated from the water storage space (9) if the spacer elements (3) come into contact with a further stone, characterised in that the spacer elements (3) are formed in that one peripheral side (F) of the stone (1) is slanted in an upper area so that an oblique surface (10) is arranged at an angle (α) of less than 90° to the upper side (OS) of the stone (1) so that the dirt filter joint (7) is in the form of a wedge-shaped joint.
2. Stone according to claim 1 characterised in that the water storage space (9) is designed in the form of a wedge-shaped joint.
3. Stone according to claim 1 or 2 characterised in that seen in cross-section the seepage opening area (5) is essentially arch-shaped, in particular semi-circular or oval, in design.
4. Stone according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that seen in the vertical direction (H) the seepage opening area (5) is cylindrical or funnel-shaped in design.
5. Stone according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the seepage opening area (5) is in fluidic connection with at least one water storage space (9).
6. Stone according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that several seepage opening areas (5) are provided, wherein a spacer element (3) extends continuously between two seepage opening areas (5).
7. Stone according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that seen in longitudinal section the water storage space (9) is trapezoidal in design.
8. Stone according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the spacer elements (3) are designed as protrusions or webs projecting in the longitudinal direction (L) beyond the upper side (OS) of the stone (1).
9. Stone according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the spacer elements (3) are essentially arranged at half height on the peripheral side (F) of the stone.
10. Stone according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the dirt filter joint (7), the water storage space (9) and the spacer element (3) extend over the entire width of the peripheral side (F).
11. Laying unit comprising multiple stones according to any one of claims 1 to 10, in particular paving stones, for creating a stone floor covering.
12. Laying unit according to claim 11 characterised in that at least two stones (1) of the laying unit are identical in design and are arranged in a mirror image manner with regard to each other.

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