EP2642060A1 - Window or door leaves - Google Patents
Window or door leaves Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2642060A1 EP2642060A1 EP13160348.2A EP13160348A EP2642060A1 EP 2642060 A1 EP2642060 A1 EP 2642060A1 EP 13160348 A EP13160348 A EP 13160348A EP 2642060 A1 EP2642060 A1 EP 2642060A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- profile
- inner shell
- window
- insulation
- hollow chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000634 wood's metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
- E06B3/263—Frames with special provision for insulation
- E06B3/2632—Frames with special provision for insulation with arrangements reducing the heat transmission, other than an interruption in a metal section
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a window or door leaf according to the preamble of claim 1 and a profile for a window or door leaf according to the preamble of claim 13
- Conventional metal window sills ( Fig. 1 ) have a sash 209 consisting of an inner shell 211, a mandatory outer shell 213 and a multiple glazing 215, which is arranged between the inner and the outer shell.
- the multiple glazing 215 comprises two or three glass panes 217, 219, which are connected to each other at the edge by means of a spacer 221.
- To reduce the thermal conductivity of the space 223 between the glass sheets may have a rare gas filling. That way you can Multiple glazings with a thermal conductivity coefficient ⁇ 0.5 W / m 2 K produce, but they are relatively expensive.
- window is a metal window, in which the inner and outer shell of one or more aluminum profiles 225,227 resp. 229 is formed.
- Inner shell and outer shell are held together by a glass fiber reinforced plastic seal 231, usually made of polyamide.
- the polyamide seal 231 is with the aluminum profiles 225,227 resp. 229 positively and / or non-positively connected, so that a load-bearing composite structure is created.
- the multiple glazing 215 rests on a glass support 233, which is supported on the inner shell and the outer shell (profile 229).
- the glass support 233 may be formed, for example, by a local piece of wood.
- the European patent application EP-A1-2 314 815 shows a window consisting of a sash and a window frame.
- the sash frame comprises an inner and an outer profile, between which a double glazing is arranged. Inner and outer profile are connected by a seal.
- the window frame also includes an inner and an outer profile, which are interconnected via a seal.
- an insulating profile is arranged on the inside of the outer profile, which according to a second embodiment can extend with a leg to the inner profile.
- the insulating profile has a foamed core of PVC and a coating of a thermoplastic material such as PVC.
- the aforementioned profile has only an insulating and no static effect and is located in the window frame and not in the sash frame.
- the EP-A1-1 201 868 shows a window with a fixed window and a pivoting sash frame. Both frames have inner and outer profiles, which are interconnected by means of a seal. According to one embodiment shown, an elongate channel with an undercut is provided on the inner profile of the sash frame. In this channel, an extension of a glass support is added, which extends below the multiple glazing. The glass support serves to absorb and remove the weight of the multiple glazing.
- the WO 2011/032193 discloses a wing and a floor frame, which are each composed of an inner and an outer profile of aluminum.
- the inner and the outer profile are connected by means of an insulating part to a profile bar.
- the insulating part consists of a fine-pored, homogeneous polyurethane plastic with a thermal conductivity in the range of ⁇ ⁇ 0.024 W / mK, a compressive strength of 140 to 160 Kg / cm 3 and an impact strength of about 25 mJ / mm2.
- these partial profiles have anchoring strips for receiving the liquid polyurethane foam.
- the DE-OS-10 2008 009 495 discloses a method for producing a profiled strip with a foamed insulation core and an enclosure surrounding the insulation core, in which process first an insulation core is produced in a first molding tool and then molded in a second molding tool with a rigid covering.
- both insulating core and cladding made of polyurethane.
- the profile strip is used to manufacture a window sash and a window frame.
- a fiber mat section made of CfK fabric can be embedded in these sheaths in the casing.
- the entire profile strip also has for reinforcement in the interior of a U-shaped or S-shaped rail, which are completely embedded in the polyurethane core. This makes it possible to support the load of the glazing on the profile strip.
- a window or a door consisting of a frame, a sash and a glazing inserted in the frame or sash.
- the frame and sash are made up given mass cut to length and joined by joining at the corners to the frame Blendrahmen- or wing frame profiles.
- the frame or wing frame profiles have a core of a closed-cell rigid foam, such as polystyrene foam and a shell of profiles, which are connected by gluing and compression with the core.
- the polystyrene foam of the core has a bulk density of approx. 45 kg / m3 and a thermal conductivity of 0.03 to 0.035 W / mK.
- the compressive strength is 0.7 N / mm2.
- the windows described in the introduction have in common that the glazing is received at the edge between the inner shell and the outer shell.
- the inner shell can also be formed by a glass retaining strip, which is attached to a profile. In the edge region, however, the flat side of the glazing is not connected to the inner shell.
- the invention relates to a door or a window sash with a sash, which consists of an inner shell and an outer shell.
- a filling for example a multiple glazing with two, three or more glass panes, is arranged between the inner and the outer shell.
- the inner and outer shells are thermally separated from one another by insulation, ie by a region of low thermal conductivity, in order to largely prevent heat exchange between the environment and the building interior.
- the insulation usually in the form of a plastic profile or web, connects the inner and the outer shell. According to the present invention, however, it is also conceivable to dispense with the outer shell.
- the filling is now connected to the inner shell by means of a form-fit and / or adhesive connection, so that the inner shell is additionally stiffened by the filling. Also, the weight is thereby removed directly by the inner shell.
- the insulation between the inner and the outer shell is by an insulating body with a with a ⁇ -value of preferably ⁇ 0.05 W / m K and a compressive strength between 1 and 5 N / mm 2 , preferably between 1 and 3 N / mm 2 and particularly preferably realized between 1.4 and 2.3 N / mm 2 .
- the filling is carried only by the inner shell and not additionally by the outer shell and / or the thermal insulation, as is generally the case with conventional sash frames.
- inventive window thus support function and isolation function are completely separated from each other.
- the cohesive and / or form-fitting connection acting between the filling and the inner shell bears the weight of the filling almost completely over the inner shell.
- This makes it possible to use a fine-pored plastic with the physical properties given above as insulation, because this no longer has a significant supporting function.
- the glass retaining strip is integral with the profile of the inner shell. This means that the glass retaining strip is designed so that it can absorb and remove the weight of the glazing.
- the cohesive connection can be realized for example by an edge-side, circumferential splice.
- This can take a strip of a width between 1 and 6 cm, preferably between 2 to 5, and particularly preferably 2.5 to 4 cm on the flat sides of the filling.
- a glass support element may be provided. Due to the separation of support and insulation function, the insulation only has to bear the edge seal or the relatively light outer shell. With an integral window, the insulation must even be able to carry only its own weight. On the other hand, the insulation should have such a compressive strength that it is not compressed when parking the sash. Accordingly, an insulation body with low compressive strength and better insulation value can be used as insulation material.
- a foamed, fine-pored plastic with a compressive strength between 0.5 and 5 N / mm 2 and preferably between 1 and 3 N / mm 2 and more preferably between 1.4 and 2.3 N / mm 2, these requirements are best met.
- no polyamide seals which usually have a plurality of chambers, are used more.
- sashes or doors with a small overall depth and a small u-value can be produced.
- a depth of a sash of less than 90 and preferably less than 85 mm, specifically between 78 and 82 mm can be achieved.
- the window sash is also suitable for renovations.
- the positive connection is formed by a Eckwinkelprofil.
- the corner angle profile is attached directly to the inner shell. The fact that the corner angle profile rests on two side edges of the filling, the filling is fixed to the inner shell.
- the corner angle profile can be made of an L-profile.
- the one leg of the L-profile can be fixed to the inner shell by means of screws or gluing or by means of a positive connection.
- the other leg of the L-profile serves as a stop for the side edges of the filling, wherein preferably also a blocking of the filling takes place.
- At least two corner angle profiles are arranged in two diagonally opposite corners of the window sash.
- the corner angle profiles are arranged on the hinge side in the lower corner of the window sash. This allows the main load to be derived directly into the hinges.
- load-transferring corner angle profiles are provided in all four corners.
- the corner angle profile also serves as a mechanical securing of the filling or glazing.
- an angle can be fixed or molded on the corner angle profile.
- the mechanical assurance ensures that the filling, resp. (Multiple) glazing can not detach from the inner shell. It is also conceivable that that Corner angle profile on the inner surface, on which the filling abuts the corner angle profile, has a corrugation.
- the corner angle profile is made of fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular of a plastic from the group of polyamides, polycarbonates, polyethers, polystyrenes, polyethylene, polypropylene, with polyamide being preferred.
- the plastic may also comprise a proportion of recyclate and / or expandable components.
- Fiber-reinforced plastic has a low thermal conductivity and can be manufactured with a sufficient bending strength, so that such a corner profile can accommodate the burden of multiple glazing. Because the corner angle profile with the outer shell is advantageously not in contact, it comes through this also not to a noticeable heat exchange.
- the bending strength of the corner angle profile is greater than 2 N / mm 2, preferably greater than 4 N / mm 2 and particularly preferably greater than 15 N / mm 2.
- the legs of the Eckwinkelprofils advantageously have a length of less than 30 cm and preferably less than 20 cm and more preferably less than 8 cm.
- a possible gap between the insulation and the multiple glazing - due to the thickness of the corner profile - can be filled with a sealing profile or a plastic foam.
- the first leg of the Eckwinkelprofils has a width which substantially corresponds to the thickness of the filling.
- the insulation body is an expanded polystyrene particle rigid foam or a foamed PET plastic.
- these plastics have excellent insulating properties and can be produced with the required strength.
- the plastic may have a specific gravity of ⁇ 180 Kg / m3, preferably ⁇ 160 Kg / m3, and more preferably ⁇ 130 Kg / m3, but at least 80 Kg / m3 (measured according to the current ISO standard 845 in force ).
- the ⁇ -value of the insulating body is preferably less than 0.08 W / m * K, preferably less than 0.06 W / m * K and particularly preferably less than 0.04 W / m * K.
- the inner shell, insulation and an optional outer shell forms a composite structure.
- the insulating body on the inner shell and on the outer shell if one is present, glued and / or rolled or otherwise connected.
- the insulating body has a thickness of> 15 mm, preferably> 25 mm and particularly preferably> 35 mm.
- the inner shell comprises a profile, in particular a metal, wood or plastic profile.
- a profile in particular a metal, wood or plastic profile.
- a support for the corner angle profile is provided on the profile.
- the load of the multiple glazing is introduced directly into the inner shell. It is advantageous at the front of the profile, i. space away, provided a second groove, in which the second leg of the angle profile is added.
- a corner connector in the profile (hollow chamber) of the inner shell is preferably arranged adjacent to the first corner angle profile.
- a hinge can be fastened to this, in order to divert the weight of the window sash directly into the window frame.
- the subject of the present invention is also an integral profile for the inner shell of a door or casement with a substantially rectangular corner, over the entire length of the profile extending hollow chamber.
- the profile is characterized in that on the outside of a first hollow chamber wall, a first groove is provided, whose free leg is parallel to the first hollow chamber wall and whose groove opening is parallel to a second, adjacent to the first hollow chamber wall wall of the hollow chamber.
- a projection is provided at a distance from the slot opening.
- a groove for receiving insulation is present on the side of the first hollow chamber wall.
- the glass retaining strip (corresponding to the part of the inner profile, which is located laterally and above the support 35) is formed integrally with the profile, the glazing by means of an adhesive layer on the glazing bead, respectively.
- the leg 37 may be arranged.
- a hollow chamber wall is in the context of the present description, each wall referred to, which at least partially forms the hollow chamber space.
- the groove for receiving the insulation is positively and permanently connected to the profile.
- the insulation may additionally be glued to the profile and / or rolled up.
- a web parallel to the first hollow chamber wall is provided on the second hollow chamber wall.
- This web can serve as a fastening web, e.g. for fixing the profile to a wooden frame.
- an insertion groove for a seal may be provided at the free end of the web in order to seal the profile with respect to a window or door frame.
- the web can be an extension of the third chamber wall.
- On the second hollow chamber wall may also be provided a fitting groove. This serves to receive fittings for opening, closing and pivoting door and window sashes. Further advantageous features can be found in the rest of the description.
- the insulating body has a partial lamination of a synthetic resin.
- an insulating body preferably a fine-pored, as possible viable plastic with the smallest possible ⁇ value
- excellent thermal separation of the outer shell of the inner shell can be achieved without the design principle of the above-mentioned conventional window would have to be significantly changed.
- the present in conventional metal windows, glass fiber reinforced polyamide seals are replaced according to the invention by a preferably laminated, fine-pored insulation body. Due to the lamination, the fine-pored insulation body, which in itself does not have sufficient load-bearing capacity, can be reinforced so far that the composite material produced can completely replace the conventional polyamide seals.
- the lamination is provided with a fiber reinforcement.
- the fiber reinforcement can be through a fiber fabric, mat, nets, aligned roving strands, mostly unidirectional or undirected fiber layers and the like may be formed.
- the fiber reinforcement can be targeted to the expected main stress directions.
- the fibers of the fiber reinforcement preferably extend for the most part transversely to the longitudinal extent of the profiles.
- the lamination is firmly bonded to the insulating body. This results in a stable bond between the insulating body and the fiber reinforcement.
- the lamination is provided on at least one side of the insulating body, namely either at that which is oriented towards the filling or facing away from the filling.
- the plastic body can already meet the required support function in many cases.
- the lamination on opposite sides of the plastic body namely on the longitudinal sides, which respectively of the filling. Multiple glazing facing away and provide.
- the mentioned longitudinal sides can take the function of tension and compression webs. In terms of production, however, it may also be expedient to provide the insulation body with lamination on all sides or at least on all longitudinal sides.
- the lamination may extend at least partially to the inner shell and preferably to the outer shell.
- the inner shell and possibly also the outer shell can be positively and preferably positively connected to the insulating body.
- the in the FIGS. 2 to 4 shown frame 9 of an inventive window sash has an inner shell 11 and an optional outer shell 13, which are thermally insulated interconnected.
- Inner and outer shell are formed by metal profiles 15,17, in particular aluminum profiles.
- the metal profiles 15,17 are connected to each other by means of thermal insulation.
- the thermal insulation is formed by an insulating body, in particular a foamed fine-pored plastic body 19, which is received in grooves 21,23 of the profiles and permanently connected.
- the insulation body 19 is rolled into the aluminum profiles, that is held by undercuts in the grooves 21,23 and optionally glued (s.unten description of the FIGS. 7 to 10 ).
- a first corner angle profile 25 is provided, which is attached to the inner shell and / or is supported on this.
- the corner angle profile 25 with the two legs 24, 26 arranged at a right angle to one another is produced from an angle profile 27.
- the angle section 27 has in cross section a first leg 29, which serves as a support or stop for the multiple glazing (in the Fig. 2 to 4 not shown), and a second leg 31, which positively is preferably received in a groove 33 of the profile 15.
- a projection 35 which is provided at a distance from the free leg 37 of the groove 33, serves as a support for the angle section leg 29.
- the distance between the end face 39 of the groove 33 and the projection 35 preferably corresponds to the thickness of the leg 29.
- leg 37 is conceivable as long as it is ensured that the weight of the multiple glazing is substantially completely derived to the inner shell 11.
- the groove has a depth of at least 10 mm and preferably at least 15 mm.
- a corner connector 41 is provided adjacent to the corner angle profile 25, which is received in a hollow chamber 43 of the profile 15 ( Fig. 3 ).
- the corner connector 41 is preferably a stable square profile with strong walls, so that a hinge 50 by means of appropriate screws, rivets or the like (not shown in the figures) is attachable thereto (s. Fig. 4 ).
- a fitting groove 44 is provided which serves to receive conventional fittings.
- a sealing groove 48 is provided for receiving a plastic seal.
- Eckwinkelprofil 25 is important that this has the smallest possible thermal conductivity coefficient. It is therefore preferably made of a fiber-reinforced plastic. As reinforcements come glass, carbon, natural, aramid fibers and fibers with similar properties in question.
- the stiffness of the Eckwinkelprofils can be increased by appropriate orientation of the fibers in the longitudinal direction of the legs 29,31 and by the use of rovings.
- the length of the leg 29 is selected so that there is no contact between the Eckwinkelprofil 25 and the outer shell 13.
- a small air gap of 0.5 to 5 mm, preferably 1 to 2 mm may be present. Preferably, however, there is no gap between the insulation and the side surfaces of the multiple glazing or filling.
- a single corner angle profile 25 is to be provided at least in two corners of a window sash. It can be provided for example in the two lower corners of a window sash or according to the preferred embodiment in two diagonally opposite corners of the window sash. According to the latter variant, a corner profile on the hinge side is preferably to be arranged in the lower corner.
- the embodiment according to Fig. 7 shows a metal window in section.
- the multiple glazing consists of a triple glazing with an inner glass pane 45, a central glass pane 47 and an outer glass pane 49, which disks are spaced apart by spacer blocks 51.
- compensation elements 53 such as leveling lumber, can be provided (blockage). It can be seen that the multiple glazing is firmly connected by an adhesive layer 54 with the profile 15.
- the direct bonding with the profile 15 has the advantage that a glass support is no longer absolutely necessary, although such in the FIG. 7 is still drawn.
- outer profile 17 a serving as a weather protection profile 57 is inserted in a groove 55.
- a seal 59 is provided, which seals the outer shell and the outer glass pane 49 against each other.
- a window frame 61 serving as a window frame 61 which also has a core 63 made of foamed plastic, serves as a stop for the window sash.
- the plastic core 63 which is preferably made of the same material as the insulating body 19, is fixedly connected to an outer profile 65 and an inner profile 67.
- a sealing profile 69 arranged on the outside on the outer profile 65 serves to seal a gap 64 present between the insulating body 19 and the plastic core 63.
- the wall connection part 61 is struck and fastened in the reveal of a window opening (not shown in the figure).
- the embodiment according to FIG. 8 differs from the window according to FIG. 7 in that the window frame 61 and the inner shell is partly made of wood on the room side.
- the inner shell 11 consists of a wooden profile 70, in which in a fold 71 a metal profile 72 is added.
- the metal profile 72 is firmly connected to the outer shell 13 via the plastic body 19.
- the metal profile 72 has like the profile 15 ( FIG. 7 ) a groove 33 which serves to receive the angle profile leg 31. In the interaction of groove 33 and projection 35 results for the inserted corner profile 25 a form fit with little play.
- the glazing is permanently connected by means of an adhesive layer 54 on the outside of the leg 37.
- Fig. 10 The embodiment according to Fig. 10 is characterized in that a window sash is combined with a fixed glazing. Incidentally, the structure is the same as the sash of Fig. 7 ,
- FIG. 9 a double window sash whose sash can be opened in the same or opposite directions of rotation.
- a central cuff 73 is arranged, against which the upper wing abuts.
- this embodiment corresponds to the one already described, so that it need not be discussed in more detail.
- FIG. 11 A composite insulation body is provided as insulation, comprising a fine-pored, dimensionally stable and pressure-resistant insulation body of a material as described above and an optional lamination 74 of a synthetic resin and an optional fiber reinforcement (in FIG. 11 not apparent).
- the lamination 74 is provided only on the longitudinal side 75 facing the filling 76 (here: multiple glazing) and the side 77 facing away from the filling 76. It is conceivable, however, that the lamination 74 is provided at least on all longitudinal sides of the insulating body 19.
- the lamination extends into the grooves 21 of the metal profile 15 and preferably into the grooves 23 of the metal profile 17, where by undercuts 79 respectively. 81 a positive connection is realized. It is conceivable that a lamination of the insulating body takes place only on the side surfaces which are oriented toward the inner profile 15 and the outer profile 57 and which include projections with them.
- the undercuts 79,81 are formed by "curling", a method in which the plastic material is partially covered by deforming aluminum webs.
- the composite insulation body can withstand in the longitudinal direction of a large traction, at least the end face 83 of a body connected to the first projection 87 with the profile 15 of the inner shell 11 is firmly bonded. Similarly, the front side 89 of a second projection 91 with the profile 17 of the outer shell 13 can be glued firmly.
- the projections 89, 91 may be made of the same or different material as the composite insulation body.
- the window frame 61 also preferably has a laminated insulation body 93.
- the insulation body 93 may consist of the same material as the insulation body 19 and is likewise preferably rolled into the profiles 65, 67 by means of molded-on projections 103, 105.
- the profile 67 has for this purpose grooves 95, the side walls form undercuts 97.
- the profile 65 grooves 99, the side walls form undercuts 101.
- the projections 103, 105 of the insulating body 93 are held positively.
- two projections 103 resp.105 are respectively provided on the side walls 107, 109 of the plastic core 93, which are respectively rolled into corresponding grooves 95.99.
- the side walls 107, 109 are glued at least in regions and preferably substantially over the entire surface with the inner surfaces of the profiles 65, 67.
- the projections 87,91 resp. 99,101 be made of a different material than the remaining plastic core 93.
- the projections are formed by a polyamide profile.
- the polyamide profile may in turn be overmolded with the microporous material of the plastic core 93 or otherwise. be connected by positive engagement or bonding.
- the entire or at least the largest part of the rebate space volume between the window sash and the window frame is filled by a sealing body 111.
- a special feature of this window construction is that over at least half and preferably over at least 2/3 of the thickness of the plastic body 19 of the Sealing body 111 on the insulating body 19, respectively.
- Plastic core 93 is applied or only a minimum gap of less than 3 mm, and preferably less than 1 mm releases.
- the sealing body 111 may be a co-extruded sealing profile having a first portion 113 of a first plastic and a second portion 115 of a second plastic.
- the second plastic is preferably an elastomer, e.g. olefin or urethane based, or a thermoplastic polyamide.
- the second section 115 of the sealing body advantageously has a plurality of chambers 117 arranged one behind the other, which fill in their area the space between the sash frame and the window frame.
- the sealing body 111 is accommodated on the one hand in a manner provided in profile 67 sealing groove 119 and on the other hand in a recess 121 positively.
- Fig. 12 is different from that of Fig. 11 essentially in that the plastic bodies 19, 93 are provided on all sides with a lamination 74.
- the filling 76 rests on a glass support 123, which is supported on the one hand on the inner shell 15 and on the other hand on the outer shell 17.
- plastics are preferably used whose properties correspond to the stated values at least in one of the physical parameters listed below. It is in the fifth and sixth column of the preferred resp. most preferred range of parameters indicated.
- the ideal values are in the following ranges: parameter standard dimension Area density ISO 845 Kg / m 3 100 to 210, preferably to 160 Compressive strength ISO 844 N / mm 2 1.4 to 2.3 Print module vertical DIN 53421 N / mm 2 80 to 120 Tensile strength vertical ASTM C297 N / mm 2 2.0 to 2.8 Tensile module vertical ASTM C297 N / mm 2 100 to 180 shear strength ISO 1922 N / mm 2 0.75 to 1.3 Shear elongation at break ISO 1922 % 7 to 11 thermal conductivity ISO 8301 W / m K 0.032 to 0.041 or max. 0041
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Fenster- oder Türflügel gemäss Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 sowie ein Profil für einen Fenster- oder Türflügel gemäss Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 13The invention relates to a window or door leaf according to the preamble of claim 1 and a profile for a window or door leaf according to the preamble of
Mit Hochdruck sucht die herstellende Industrie von Metall-Verbund-Systemen (MVS für wärmegedämmte Aluprofile) derzeit nach Lösungen, den Energiebedarf an Gebäuden deutlich zu senken. In Deutschland besteht sogar eine Verordnung, gemäss welcher ab 2019 alle öffentlichen Gebäude als Plusenergie Gebäude zu bauen sind. Plusenergie Häuser sind die Fortsetzung von Passivhäusern. Passivhäuser haben keine Heizung mehr eingebaut. Plusenergiehäuser geben sogar noch Energie ab. Energie wird dabei aus latenter Wärme (Kochen, Duschen, Geräte, Menschen,...) und solaren Gewinnen (grosse Fenster, Warmwasserkollektoren und Photovoltaik) gewonnen, sowie durch Wärmerückgewinnung aus dem Luftwechsel beim Lüften und aus dem Abwasser gewonnen.Currently, the manufacturing industry of metal-composite systems (MVS for thermally insulated aluminum profiles) is looking for solutions to significantly reduce the energy consumption of buildings. In Germany, there is even a decree according to which all public buildings are to be built as plus energy buildings from 2019 onwards. Plusenergie houses are the continuation of passive houses. Passive houses have no more built-in heating. Plus energy houses even emit energy. Energy is gained from latent heat (cooking, showers, appliances, people, ...) and solar gains (large windows, hot water collectors and photovoltaics), and recovered by heat recovery from the air exchange during ventilation and from the wastewater.
Gängige Fensterkonzepte sind nur durch Vergrösserung der Bautiefe in ihrer Wärmedämmung zu verbessern. Gegenwärtig ist die Branche daran, die derzeitige Bautiefe von 70mm auf 80mm zu erhöhen, und es gibt schon erste marktreife Fenstersysteme mit 90mm Bautiefe.Common window concepts can only be improved by increasing the overall depth in their thermal insulation. Currently, the industry is in the process of increasing the current depth from 70mm to 80mm, and there are already the first marketable window systems with 90mm depth.
Grosse Bautiefen von Fensterprofilen sind in der Bearbeitung (präziser Zuschnitt, präzises Fügen) äusserst anspruchsvoll. Zudem führen grosse Bautiefen geometrisch zu Problemen. Weil an Fenstern der Drehpunkt exzentrisch angebracht ist, benötigt ein Fensterflügel geometrisch eine gewisse Flügelbreite, um sich öffnen zu lassen. Je grösser die Bautiefe, desto grösser wird der nötige minimale Radius. Im Sanierungsbau sind die Flügelbreiten vorgegeben, sodass hier gar keine Fenster neuester Generation eingebaut werden können.Large depths of window profiles are extremely demanding during machining (precise cutting, precise joining). In addition, large depths lead geometrically to problems. Because the pivot point is eccentrically mounted on windows, a sash geometrically requires a certain sash width in order to open. The bigger the depth, the bigger the required minimum radius. The wing widths are specified in the redevelopment, so that no windows of the latest generation can be installed here.
Konventionelle Fensterflügel aus Metall (
Das in
Schwachstelle bezüglich Wärmeleitfähigkeit ist auch bei modernen Fenstern immer noch der Flügelrahmen 209. Hier bestehen meist Kältebrücken, die den Gesamtwärmeleitfähigkeitskoeffizienten des Fensterflügels merklich erhöhen. Auch ausgeklügelte Dichtungen mit mehreren voneinander getrennten Kammern, wie in
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Den eingangs beschriebenen Fenstern ist gemeinsam, dass die Verglasung am Rand zwischen der Innenschale und der Aussenschale aufgenommen ist. Die Innenschale kann dabei auch durch eine Glashalteleiste gebildet sein kann, welche auf ein Profil aufgesteckt ist. Im Randbereich ist die Flachseite der Verglasung jedoch nicht mit der Innenschale verbunden.The windows described in the introduction have in common that the glazing is received at the edge between the inner shell and the outer shell. The inner shell can also be formed by a glass retaining strip, which is attached to a profile. In the edge region, however, the flat side of the glazing is not connected to the inner shell.
Folglich besteht ein Bedürfnis nach Fenstern oder Türen, bei denen der Flügelrahmen einen niedrigen u-Wert aufweist, und der u-Wert sich nicht in Abhängigkeit von der Einbaulage ändert. Es ist ausserdem ein Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Fensterflügel vorzuschlagen, bei welchem auch bei kleiner Einbautiefe von ca. 80 mm ein geringer u-Wert erreichbar ist.Consequently, there is a need for windows or doors in which the casement has a low μ value, and the μ value does not change depending on the installation position. It is also an object of the present invention to propose a window sash, in which even at a small installation depth of about 80 mm, a low u-value can be achieved.
Diese und weitere Ziele werden durch den Gegenstand gemäss Anspruch 1 erreicht. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemässen Gegenstands sind in den Unteransprüchen definiert.These and other objects are achieved by the subject matter of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the inventive subject matter are defined in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Tür oder einen Fensterflügel mit einem Flügelrahmen, welcher aus einer Innenschale und einer Aussenschale besteht. Eine Füllung, z.B. eine Mehrfachverglasung mit zwei, drei oder mehr Glasscheiben, ist zwischen der Innen- und der Aussenschale angeordnet. Innen- und Aussenschale sind durch eine Isolation, d.h. durch einen Bereich einer geringen thermischen Leitfähigkeit, thermisch getrennt voneinander, um einen Wärmeaustausch zwischen Umgebung und Gebäudeinnerem weitgehend zu verhindern. Die Isolation, meist in der Gestalt eines Kunststoffprofils oder -stegs, verbindet die Innen- mit der Aussenschale. Gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung ist jedoch auch denkbar, auf die Aussenschale zu verzichten. Erfindungsgemäss ist nun die Füllung durch eine Formschluss- und/oder Stoffschlussverbindung mit der Innenschale verbunden, sodass die Innenschale durch die Füllung zusätzlich versteift ist. Auch wird das Gewicht dadurch unmittelbar durch die Innenschale abgetragen. Die Isolation zwischen der Innen- und der Aussenschale ist durch einen Isolationskörper mit einem mit einem λ-Wert von vorzugsweise < 0.05 W/m K und einer Druckfestigkeit zwischen 1 und 5 N/mm2, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 3 N/mm2 und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1.4 und 2.3 N/mm2 realisiert. Von Bedeutung am erfindungsgemässen Fensterflügel ist, dass die Füllung nur von der Innenschale und nicht zusätzlich von der Aussenschale und/oder der thermischen Isolation getragen ist, wie das bei konventionellen Flügelrahmen in der Regel der Fall ist. Beim erfindungsgemässen Fenster sind somit Tragfunktion und Isolationsfunktion voneinander völlig getrennt. Die zwischen der Füllung und der Innenschale wirkende Stoffschluss- und/oder Formschlussverbindung trägt das Gewicht der Füllung praktisch vollständig über die Innenschale ab. Dies erlaubt es, einen feinporigen Kunststoff mit den oben angegebenen physikalischen Eigenschaften als Isolation zu verwenden, weil diesem keine wesentliche Tragfunktion mehr zukommt. Im Unterschied zu konventionellen Fensterflügeln, wo eine Glashalteleiste auf das Profil der Innenschale aufgesteckt ist, ist beim erfindungsgemässen Fensterflügel die Glashalteleiste einstückig mit dem Profil der Innenschale. Das heisst, die Glashalteleiste ist so ausgeführt, dass sie das Gewicht der Verglasung aufnehmen und abtragen kann.The invention relates to a door or a window sash with a sash, which consists of an inner shell and an outer shell. A filling, for example a multiple glazing with two, three or more glass panes, is arranged between the inner and the outer shell. The inner and outer shells are thermally separated from one another by insulation, ie by a region of low thermal conductivity, in order to largely prevent heat exchange between the environment and the building interior. The insulation, usually in the form of a plastic profile or web, connects the inner and the outer shell. According to the present invention, however, it is also conceivable to dispense with the outer shell. According to the invention, the filling is now connected to the inner shell by means of a form-fit and / or adhesive connection, so that the inner shell is additionally stiffened by the filling. Also, the weight is thereby removed directly by the inner shell. The insulation between the inner and the outer shell is by an insulating body with a with a λ-value of preferably <0.05 W / m K and a compressive strength between 1 and 5 N / mm 2 , preferably between 1 and 3 N / mm 2 and particularly preferably realized between 1.4 and 2.3 N / mm 2 . Of importance in the window sash according to the invention is that the filling is carried only by the inner shell and not additionally by the outer shell and / or the thermal insulation, as is generally the case with conventional sash frames. In the inventive window thus support function and isolation function are completely separated from each other. The cohesive and / or form-fitting connection acting between the filling and the inner shell bears the weight of the filling almost completely over the inner shell. This makes it possible to use a fine-pored plastic with the physical properties given above as insulation, because this no longer has a significant supporting function. In contrast to conventional window sashes, where a glass retaining strip is attached to the profile of the inner shell, in the window sash according to the invention, the glass retaining strip is integral with the profile of the inner shell. This means that the glass retaining strip is designed so that it can absorb and remove the weight of the glazing.
Die stoffschlüssige Verbindung kann beispielsweise durch eine randseitige, umlaufende Klebestelle realisiert sein. Diese kann ein Streifen einer Breite zwischen 1 und 6 cm, vorzugsweise zwischen 2 bis 5, und besonders bevorzugt 2,5 bis 4 cm an den Flachseiten der Füllung einnehmen. Zusätzlich kann ein Glasauflagerelement vorgesehen sein. Durch die Trennung von Trag- und Isolationsfunktion muss die Isolation nur noch den Randverbund oder die relativ leichte Aussenschale tragen. Bei einem Integralfenster muss die Isolation sogar nur das Eigengewicht tragen können. Auf der anderen Seite soll die Isolation eine solche Druckfestigkeit aufweisen, dass diese beim Abstellen des Fensterflügels nicht zusammengedrückt wird. Entsprechend kann als Isolationsmaterial ein Isolationskörper mit geringer Druckfestigkeit und dafür umso besserem Isolationswert eingesetzt werden. Die Erfinder haben gefunden, dass in diesem Fall beispielsweise ein geschäumter feinporiger Kunststoff mit einer Druckfestigkeit zwischen 0.5 und 5 N/mm2 und vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 3 N/mm2 und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1.4 und 2.3 N/mm2 diese Anforderungen am besten erfüllt. Beim erfindungsgemässen Fenster kommen somit keine Polyamiddichtungen, die meist mehrere Kammern besitzen, mehr zum Einsatz. Durch die direkte Befestigung der Verglasung an der Innenschale können Fensterflügel oder Türen mit geringer Bautiefe und einem kleinen u-Wert hergestellt werden. So kann bei einer Stärke der Füllung resp. der Mehrfachverglasung zwischen 44 und 52 mm eine Bautiefe eines Fensterflügels von weniger als 90 und vorzugsweise weniger als 85 mm, konkret zwischen 78 und 82 mm erreicht werden. Damit eignet sich der Fensterflügel auch für Renovierungen.The cohesive connection can be realized for example by an edge-side, circumferential splice. This can take a strip of a width between 1 and 6 cm, preferably between 2 to 5, and particularly preferably 2.5 to 4 cm on the flat sides of the filling. In addition, a glass support element may be provided. Due to the separation of support and insulation function, the insulation only has to bear the edge seal or the relatively light outer shell. With an integral window, the insulation must even be able to carry only its own weight. On the other hand, the insulation should have such a compressive strength that it is not compressed when parking the sash. Accordingly, an insulation body with low compressive strength and better insulation value can be used as insulation material. The inventors have found that in this case, for example, a foamed, fine-pored plastic with a compressive strength between 0.5 and 5 N / mm 2 and preferably between 1 and 3 N / mm 2 and more preferably between 1.4 and 2.3 N / mm 2, these requirements are best met. Thus, in the window according to the invention, no polyamide seals, which usually have a plurality of chambers, are used more. By directly attaching the glazing to the inner shell, sashes or doors with a small overall depth and a small u-value can be produced. Thus, at a strength of the filling resp. the multiple glazing between 44 and 52 mm a depth of a sash of less than 90 and preferably less than 85 mm, specifically between 78 and 82 mm can be achieved. Thus, the window sash is also suitable for renovations.
Gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Formschlussverbindung durch ein Eckwinkelprofil gebildet. Das Eckwinkelprofil ist dabei direkt an der Innenschale befestigt. Dadurch, dass das Eckwinkelprofil an zwei Seitenkanten an der Füllung anliegt, ist die Füllung an der Innenschale festgelegt. Das Eckwinkelprofil kann aus einem L-Profil hergestellt sein. Dabei kann der eine Schenkel des L-Profils an der Innenschale mittels Schrauben oder Verklebung oder mittels einer formschlüssigen Verbindung festgelegt sein. Der andere Schenkel des L-Profils dient als Anschlag für die Seitenkanten der Füllung, wobei vorzugsweise zusätzlich eine Verklotzung der Füllung erfolgt.According to a preferred embodiment, the positive connection is formed by a Eckwinkelprofil. The corner angle profile is attached directly to the inner shell. The fact that the corner angle profile rests on two side edges of the filling, the filling is fixed to the inner shell. The corner angle profile can be made of an L-profile. In this case, the one leg of the L-profile can be fixed to the inner shell by means of screws or gluing or by means of a positive connection. The other leg of the L-profile serves as a stop for the side edges of the filling, wherein preferably also a blocking of the filling takes place.
Gemäss einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind wenigstens zwei Eckwinkelprofile in zwei diagonal gegenüberliegenden Ecken des Fensterflügels angeordnet. Durch eine solche Anordnung der Eckwinkelprofile erreicht man eine hohe Steifigkeit des Fensterflügels, sodass eine Torsion des Rahmens verhindert ist, insbesondere dann wenn die Füllung zusätzlich verklotzt wird. In diesem Fall ist die Füllung zwischen den Eckwinkelprofilen eingespannt, und die Innenschale wird durch die Füllung versteift. Zweckmässigerweise ist das Eckwinkelprofil scharnierseitig in der unteren Ecke des Fensterflügels angeordnet. Dadurch lässt sich die Hauptlast direkt in die Scharniere ableiten. In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform sind in allen vier Ecken lastabtragende Eckwinkelprofile vorgesehen.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, at least two corner angle profiles are arranged in two diagonally opposite corners of the window sash. By such an arrangement of the corner angle profiles to achieve a high rigidity of the sash, so that a torsion of the frame is prevented, especially if the filling is also clogged. In this case, the filling between the Eckwinkelprofilen is clamped, and the inner shell is stiffened by the filling. Conveniently, the corner angle profile is arranged on the hinge side in the lower corner of the window sash. This allows the main load to be derived directly into the hinges. In an advantageous embodiment load-transferring corner angle profiles are provided in all four corners.
Vorteilhaft dient das Eckwinkelprofil auch als mechanische Sicherung der Füllung oder Verglasung. Dazu kann am Eckwinkelprofil ein Winkel festgemacht oder angeformt sein. Die mechanische Sicherung gewährleistet, dass die Füllung, resp. (Mehrfach)-Verglasung sich nicht von der Innenschale lösen kann. Denkbar ist auch, dass das Eckwinkelprofil an der Innenfläche, an welcher die Füllung am Eckwinkelprofil anschlägt, eine Riffelung aufweist.Advantageously, the corner angle profile also serves as a mechanical securing of the filling or glazing. For this purpose, an angle can be fixed or molded on the corner angle profile. The mechanical assurance ensures that the filling, resp. (Multiple) glazing can not detach from the inner shell. It is also conceivable that that Corner angle profile on the inner surface, on which the filling abuts the corner angle profile, has a corrugation.
Vorzugsweise ist das Eckwinkelprofil aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff hergestellt, insbesondere aus einem Kunststoff aus der Gruppe der Polyamide, Polycarbonate, Polyether, Polystyrole, Polyethylen, Polypropylen, wobei Polyamid bevorzugt ist. Dabei kann der Kunststoff auch einen Anteil an Rezyklat und / oder Blähanteile umfassen. Faserverstärkter Kunststoff hat eine geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit und kann mit einer ausreichenden Biegefestigkeit hergestellt werden, damit ein solches Eckprofil die Last der Mehrfachverglasung aufnehmen kann. Weil das Eckwinkelprofil mit der Aussenschale vorteilhafterweise nicht in Kontakt ist, kommt es durch dieses auch nicht zu einem merklichen Wärmeaustausch.Preferably, the corner angle profile is made of fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular of a plastic from the group of polyamides, polycarbonates, polyethers, polystyrenes, polyethylene, polypropylene, with polyamide being preferred. In this case, the plastic may also comprise a proportion of recyclate and / or expandable components. Fiber-reinforced plastic has a low thermal conductivity and can be manufactured with a sufficient bending strength, so that such a corner profile can accommodate the burden of multiple glazing. Because the corner angle profile with the outer shell is advantageously not in contact, it comes through this also not to a noticeable heat exchange.
Vorteilhaft ist die Biegefestigkeit des Eckwinkelprofils grösser als 2 N/mm2, vorzugsweise grösser als 4 N/mm2 und besonders bevorzugt grösser als 15 N/mm2. Die Schenkel des Eckwinkelprofils haben vorteilhaft eine Länge von weniger als 30 cm und vorzugsweise weniger als 20 cm und besonders bevorzugt weniger als 8 cm. Ein allfälliger Spalt zwischen der Isolation und der Mehrfachverglasung - bedingt durch die Stärke des Eckprofils - kann mit einem Dichtungsprofil oder einem Kunststoffschaum ausgefüllt sein.Advantageously, the bending strength of the corner angle profile is greater than 2 N / mm 2, preferably greater than 4 N / mm 2 and particularly preferably greater than 15 N / mm 2. The legs of the Eckwinkelprofils advantageously have a length of less than 30 cm and preferably less than 20 cm and more preferably less than 8 cm. A possible gap between the insulation and the multiple glazing - due to the thickness of the corner profile - can be filled with a sealing profile or a plastic foam.
Zweckmässigerweise hat der erste Schenkel des Eckwinkelprofils eine Breite, welche im Wesentlichen der Stärke der Füllung entspricht.Conveniently, the first leg of the Eckwinkelprofils has a width which substantially corresponds to the thickness of the filling.
Vorteilhaft ist der Isolationskörper ein expandierter Polystyrol-Partikelhartschaumstoff oder ein geschäumter PET Kunststoff. Diese Kunststoffe weisen exzellente Isolationseigenschaften auf und können mit der geforderten Festigkeit hergestellt werden. Zweckmässiger kann der Kunststoff ein spezifisches Gewicht von < 180 Kg/m3, vorzugsweise < 160 Kg/m3, und besonders bevorzugt < 130 Kg/m3, mindestens jedoch 80 Kg/m3 aufweisen (gemessen nach der aktuellen sich in Kraft befindenden ISO-Norm 845). Der λ-Wert des Isolationskörpers beträgt vorzugsweise weniger als 0.08 W/m * K, vorzugsweise weniger als 0.06 W/m* K und besonders bevorzugt weniger als 0.04 W/m * K.Advantageously, the insulation body is an expanded polystyrene particle rigid foam or a foamed PET plastic. These plastics have excellent insulating properties and can be produced with the required strength. More suitably, the plastic may have a specific gravity of <180 Kg / m3, preferably <160 Kg / m3, and more preferably <130 Kg / m3, but at least 80 Kg / m3 (measured according to the current ISO standard 845 in force ). The λ-value of the insulating body is preferably less than 0.08 W / m * K, preferably less than 0.06 W / m * K and particularly preferably less than 0.04 W / m * K.
Vorteilhaft bildet die Innenschale, Isolation und eine optionale Aussenschale eine Verbundstruktur. Dazu kann der Isolationskörper an der Innenschale und an der Aussenschale, wenn eine solche vorhanden ist, festgeklebt und/oder eingerollt oder anderweitig verbunden sein. Zweckmässigerweise hat der Isolationskörper eine Stärke von > 15 mm, vorzugsweise > 25 mm und besonders bevorzugt > 35 mm.Advantageously, the inner shell, insulation and an optional outer shell forms a composite structure. For this purpose, the insulating body on the inner shell and on the outer shell, if one is present, glued and / or rolled or otherwise connected. Conveniently, the insulating body has a thickness of> 15 mm, preferably> 25 mm and particularly preferably> 35 mm.
Vorteilhaft umfasst die Innenschale ein Profil, insbesondere ein Metall-, Holz- oder Kunststoffprofil. Eine Kombination verschiedener Materialien, wie Metall/Holz, Holz/Kunststoff oder Metall/Kunststoff, ist ebenso denkbar.Advantageously, the inner shell comprises a profile, in particular a metal, wood or plastic profile. A combination of different materials, such as metal / wood, wood / plastic or metal / plastic, is also conceivable.
Vorzugsweise ist am Profil eine Auflage für das Eckwinkelprofil vorgesehen. Dadurch wird die Last der Mehrfachverglasung direkt in die Innenschale eingeleitet. Vorteilhaft ist an der Vorderseite des Profils, d.h. raumabgewandt, eine zweite Nut vorgesehen, in welcher der zweite Schenkel des Winkelprofils aufgenommen ist. Beim Zusammenbau des Fensterflügels kann das Eckwinkelprofil somit in das Profil der Innenschale eingeschoben werden.Preferably, a support for the corner angle profile is provided on the profile. As a result, the load of the multiple glazing is introduced directly into the inner shell. It is advantageous at the front of the profile, i. space away, provided a second groove, in which the second leg of the angle profile is added. When assembling the sash, the corner angle profile can thus be inserted into the profile of the inner shell.
Bei einem Metallflügelfenster ist vorzugsweise benachbart zum ersten Eckwinkelprofil ein Eckverbinder im Profil (Hohlkammer) der Innenschale angeordnet. Daran kann ein Scharnier befestigt sein, um das Gewicht des Fensterflügels direkt in den Fensterrahmen abzuleiten.In a metal wing window, a corner connector in the profile (hollow chamber) of the inner shell is preferably arranged adjacent to the first corner angle profile. A hinge can be fastened to this, in order to divert the weight of the window sash directly into the window frame.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist auch ein einstückiges Profil für die Innenschale eines Tür- oder Flügelrahmens mit einer im Wesentlichen rechteckeckigen, über die ganze Länge des Profils sich erstreckenden Hohlkammer. Das Profil ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aussenseitig an einer ersten Hohlkammerwand eine erste Nut vorgesehen ist, deren freier Schenkel parallel zur ersten Hohlkammerwand verläuft und deren Nutöffnung parallel zu einer zweiten, zur ersten Hohlkammerwand benachbarten Hohlkammerwand ist. Aussenseitig an der ersten Hohlkammerwand ist im Abstand von der Nutöffnung ein Vorsprung vorgesehen. Ausserdem ist auf der Seite der ersten Hohlkammerwand eine Nut für die Aufnahme einer Isolation vorhanden. Das erfindungsgemässe Profil hat den Vorteil, dass damit schmale Flügelrahmen mit hervorragenden Dämmeigenschaften (Wärme wie auch Schall) hergestellt werden können. Weil die Glashalteleiste (entsprechend dem Teil des Innenprofils, welcher sich seitlich und oberhalb der Auflage 35 befindet) einstückig mit dem Profil ausgebildet ist, kann die Verglasung mittels einer Klebeschicht an der Glashalteleiste resp. dem Schenkel 37 angeordnet sein. Als Hohlkammerwand ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Beschreibung jede Wand bezeichnet, welche wenigstens bereichsweise den Hohlkammerraum bildet.The subject of the present invention is also an integral profile for the inner shell of a door or casement with a substantially rectangular corner, over the entire length of the profile extending hollow chamber. The profile is characterized in that on the outside of a first hollow chamber wall, a first groove is provided, whose free leg is parallel to the first hollow chamber wall and whose groove opening is parallel to a second, adjacent to the first hollow chamber wall wall of the hollow chamber. On the outside of the first hollow chamber wall, a projection is provided at a distance from the slot opening. In addition, a groove for receiving insulation is present on the side of the first hollow chamber wall. The profile according to the invention has the advantage that narrow casements with excellent insulation properties (heat as well as sound) can be produced. Because the glass retaining strip (corresponding to the part of the inner profile, which is located laterally and above the support 35) is formed integrally with the profile, the glazing by means of an adhesive layer on the glazing bead, respectively. the
Vorteilhaft hat die Nut für die Aufnahme der Isolation Hinterschneidungen. Dadurch ist die Isolation formschlüssig und unlösbar mit dem Profil verbindbar ist. Die Isolation kann zusätzlich mit dem Profil verklebt und/oder eingerollt sein. Zweckmässigerweise ist an der zweiten Hohlkammerwand ein zur ersten Hohlkammerwand paralleler Steg vorgesehen. Dieser Steg kann als Befestigungssteg dienen, z.B. zur Befestigung des Profils an einem Holzrahmen. Bei einem Metall- oder Metall/Kunststofffenster kann am freien Ende des Stegs eine Einstecknut für eine Dichtung vorgesehen sein, um das Profil gegenüber einem Fenster- oder Türrahmen abzudichten. Dabei kann der Steg eine Verlängerung der dritten Kammerwand sein. An der zweiten Hohlkammerwand kann ausserdem eine Beschlagsnut vorgesehen sein. Diese dient der Aufnahme von Beschlägen zum Öffnen, Verschliessen und Verschwenken von Tür- und Fensterflügeln. Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale sind der übrigen Beschreibung zu entnehmen.Advantageously, the groove for receiving the insulation undercuts. As a result, the insulation is positively and permanently connected to the profile. The insulation may additionally be glued to the profile and / or rolled up. Expediently, a web parallel to the first hollow chamber wall is provided on the second hollow chamber wall. This web can serve as a fastening web, e.g. for fixing the profile to a wooden frame. In the case of a metal or metal / plastic window, an insertion groove for a seal may be provided at the free end of the web in order to seal the profile with respect to a window or door frame. In this case, the web can be an extension of the third chamber wall. On the second hollow chamber wall may also be provided a fitting groove. This serves to receive fittings for opening, closing and pivoting door and window sashes. Further advantageous features can be found in the rest of the description.
Vorzugsweise hat der Isolationskörper eine bereichsweise Laminierung aus einem Kunstharz. Durch die Verwendung eines Isolationskörpers, vorzugsweise eines feinporigen, möglichst tragfähigen Kunststoffs mit einem möglichst kleinen λ-Wert, kann eine hervorragende thermische Trennung der Aussen- von der Innenschale erreicht werden, ohne dass das Bauprinzip des eingangs erwähnten konventionellen Fensters wesentlich geändert werden müsste. Die bei konventionellen Metallfenstern vorhandenen, glasfaserverstärkten Polyamiddichtungen sind erfindungsgemäss durch einen vorzugsweise laminierten, feinporigen Isolationskörper ersetzt. Durch die Laminierung kann der feinporige Isolationskörper, welcher für sich allein keine ausreichende Tragkraft hat, so weit verstärkt werden, dass der erzeugte Verbundwerkstoff die herkömmlichen Polyamiddichtungen vollumfänglich ersetzen kann.Preferably, the insulating body has a partial lamination of a synthetic resin. By using an insulating body, preferably a fine-pored, as possible viable plastic with the smallest possible λ value, excellent thermal separation of the outer shell of the inner shell can be achieved without the design principle of the above-mentioned conventional window would have to be significantly changed. The present in conventional metal windows, glass fiber reinforced polyamide seals are replaced according to the invention by a preferably laminated, fine-pored insulation body. Due to the lamination, the fine-pored insulation body, which in itself does not have sufficient load-bearing capacity, can be reinforced so far that the composite material produced can completely replace the conventional polyamide seals.
Gemäss einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist die Laminierung mit einer Faserverstärkung versehen. Die Faserverstärkung kann durch ein Fasergewebe, Matte, Netze, ausgerichtete Rovingstränge, mehrheitlich unidirektionale oder ungerichtete Faserschichten und Ähnlichem gebildet sein. Damit kann die Faserverstärkung zielgerichtet auf die zu erwartenden Hauptbeanspruchungsrichtungen ausgerichtet sein. Vorzugsweise erstrecken sich die Fasern der Faserverstärkung mehrheitlich quer zur Längserstreckung der Profile.According to an advantageous embodiment, the lamination is provided with a fiber reinforcement. The fiber reinforcement can be through a fiber fabric, mat, nets, aligned roving strands, mostly unidirectional or undirected fiber layers and the like may be formed. Thus, the fiber reinforcement can be targeted to the expected main stress directions. The fibers of the fiber reinforcement preferably extend for the most part transversely to the longitudinal extent of the profiles.
Vorteilhaft ist die Laminierung stoffschlüssig mit dem Isolationskörper verbunden. Dadurch ergibt sich ein stabiler Verbund zwischen dem Isolationskörper und der Faserverstärkung.Advantageously, the lamination is firmly bonded to the insulating body. This results in a stable bond between the insulating body and the fiber reinforcement.
Zweckmässigerweise ist die Laminierung an wenigstens einer Seite des Isolationskörpers, nämlich entweder an jener, welche zur Füllung hin orientiert oder von der Füllung abgewandt ist, vorgesehen. Durch eine solche, mindestens einseitige Laminierung kann der Kunststoffkörper in vielen Fällen die geforderte Tragfunktion bereits erfüllen. Es ist jedoch denkbar, die Laminierung an einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Kunststoffkörpers, nämlich an den Längsseiten, welche der Füllung resp. Mehrfachverglasung zu- und abgewandt sind, vorzusehen. Damit können die erwähnten Längsseiten die Funktion von Zug- und Druckstegen einnehmen. Produktionstechnisch kann es jedoch auch sinnvoll sein, den Isolationskörper allseitig oder wenigstens an allen Längsseiten mit einer Laminierung zu versehen.Expediently, the lamination is provided on at least one side of the insulating body, namely either at that which is oriented towards the filling or facing away from the filling. By such, at least one-sided lamination, the plastic body can already meet the required support function in many cases. However, it is conceivable, the lamination on opposite sides of the plastic body, namely on the longitudinal sides, which respectively of the filling. Multiple glazing facing away and provide. Thus, the mentioned longitudinal sides can take the function of tension and compression webs. In terms of production, however, it may also be expedient to provide the insulation body with lamination on all sides or at least on all longitudinal sides.
Zur Erreichung der erforderlichen Stabilität kann sich die Laminierung mindestens teilweise auf die Innenschale und vorzugsweise auf die Aussenschale erstrecken. Damit können die Innenschale und gegebenenfalls auch die Aussenschale kraft- und vorzugsweise formschlüssig mit dem Isolationskörper verbunden sein.To achieve the required stability, the lamination may extend at least partially to the inner shell and preferably to the outer shell. Thus, the inner shell and possibly also the outer shell can be positively and preferably positively connected to the insulating body.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nun unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen beschrieben. Es zeigt:
- Figur 1:
- Im Schnitt ein herkömmliches Metallfenster bestehend aus einer Innen- und einer Aussenschale, welche durch ein Kunststoffprofil miteinander verbunden sind;
- Figur 2:
- die untere Ecke eines erfindungsgemässen Fensterflügels mit einem ersten Eckprofil als Glasauflager und einer geschäumten Kunststoffverbindung zwischen der Innen- und der Aussenschale im Schnitt und in perspektivischer Ansicht;
- Figur 3:
- Der Fensterflügel von
Fig. 2 mit einem im Profil der Innenschale angeordneten Eckverbinder; - Figur 4:
- der Fensterflügel von
Fig. 2 von hinten und in perspektivischer Ansicht; - Figur 5:
- das Eckprofil in Seitenansicht (a), in Stirnansicht (b) und in perspektivischer Ansicht (c);
- Figur 6:
- der Eckverbinder in Seitenansicht (a), in Stirnansicht (b) und in perspektivischer Ansicht (c);
- Fig. 7:
- ein Fensterflügel in Metallausführung mit Maueranschluss;
- Fig. 8:
- ein Holz-Metallfenster.
- Fig. 9:
- ein Doppelflügel im Grundriss; und
- Fig. 10:
- eine Festverglasung kombiniert mit einem erfindungsgemässen Fensterflügel;
- Fig. 11:
- ein zweites, alternatives Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung; und
- Fig. 12:
- ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.
- FIG. 1:
- In section, a conventional metal window consisting of an inner and an outer shell, which are interconnected by a plastic profile;
- FIG. 2:
- the lower corner of an inventive window sash with a first corner profile as a glass support and a foamed plastic connection between the inner and the outer shell in section and in perspective view;
- FIG. 3:
- The sash of
Fig. 2 with a corner connector arranged in the profile of the inner shell; - FIG. 4:
- the sash of
Fig. 2 from behind and in perspective view; - FIG. 5:
- the corner profile in side view (a), in front view (b) and in perspective view (c);
- FIG. 6:
- the corner connector in side view (a), in front view (b) and in perspective view (c);
- Fig. 7:
- a window sash in metal design with wall connection;
- Fig. 8:
- a wood-metal window.
- Fig. 9:
- a double wing in the floor plan; and
- Fig. 10:
- a fixed glazing combined with a window sash according to the invention;
- Fig. 11:
- a second alternative embodiment of the invention; and
- Fig. 12:
- a third embodiment of the invention.
Der in den
Von Bedeutung ist nun, dass - im Unterschied zu konventionellen Fenstern - das Gewicht einer Mehrfachverglasung oder einer anderen Füllung ausschliesslich auf die Innenschale und vorzugsweise auf die Rahmenecke der Innenschale abgetragen ist. Zu diesem Zweck ist gemäss einem Ausführungsbeispiel ein erstes Eckwinkelprofil 25 vorgesehen, welches an der Innenschale befestigt ist und/oder sich an dieser abstützt. Gemäss der gezeigten bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Eckwinkelprofil 25 mit den zwei in einem rechten Winkel zueinander angeordneten Schenkeln 24,26 aus einem Winkelprofil 27 hergestellt. Das Winkelprofil 27 hat im Querschnitt einen ersten Schenkel 29, welcher als Auflager oder Anschlag für die Mehrfachverglasung (in den
Aus Stabilitätsgründen ist benachbart zum Eckwinkelprofil 25 ein Eckverbinder 41 vorgesehen, welcher in einer Hohlkammer 43 des Profils 15 aufgenommen ist (
Unterhalb der Hohlkammer 43 ist eine Beschlagsnut 44 vorgesehen, welche der Aufnahme von konventionellen Beschlägen dient. An die gebäudeinnenseitige Wand des Profils 15 schliesst ein Steg 46 an, an dessen freiem Ende eine Dichtungsnut 48 für die Aufnahme einer Kunststoffdichtung vorgesehen ist.Below the
In den
Ein einzelnes Eckwinkelprofil 25 ist mindestens in zwei Ecken eines Fensterflügels vorzusehen. Es kann beispielsweise in den beiden unteren Ecken eines Fensterflügels oder gemäss der bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante in zwei einander diagonal gegenüberliegenden Ecken des Fensterflügels vorgesehen sein. Gemäss der letztgenannten Variante ist ein Eckprofil scharnierseitig vorzugsweise in der unteren Ecke anzuordnen.A single
Die Ausführungsform gemäss
Im Aussenprofil 17 ist in einer Nut 55 ein als Wetterschutzprofil dienendes Profil 57 eingesteckt. Am oberen Ende des Profils ist eine Dichtung 59 vorgesehen, welche die Aussenschale und die äussere Glasscheibe 49 gegeneinander abdichtet.In the outer profile 17 a serving as a
Ein als Maueranschlussteil dienender Fensterrahmen 61, welcher ebenfalls einen Kern 63 aus geschäumtem Kunststoff besitzt, dient als Anschlag für den Fensterflügel. Der Kunststoffkern 63, welcher vorzugsweise aus dem gleichen Material ist wie der Isolationskörper 19, ist fest mit einem Aussenprofil 65 und einem Innenprofil 67 verbunden. Ein innenseitig am Aussenprofil 65 angeordnetes Dichtungsprofil 69 dient der Abdichtung eines zwischen dem Isolationskörper 19 und dem Kunststoffkern 63 vorhandenen Spaltes 64. Das Maueranschlussteil 61 wird in der Leibung einer Fensteröffnung (in der Figur nicht gezeigt) angeschlagen und befestigt.A
Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss
Die Ausführungsvariante gemäss
In der
Gemäss einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung (
Damit der Verbundisolationskörper auch in Längsrichtung einer grossen Querzugskraft widerstehen kann, ist mindestens die Stirnseite 83 eines mit dem Körper verbundenen, ersten Vorsprungs 87 mit dem Profil 15 der Innenschale 11 fest verklebt. Analog kann auch die Stirnseite 89 eines zweiten Vorsprungs 91 mit dem Profil 17 der Aussenschale 13 fest verklebt sein. Die Vorsprünge 89,91 können aus dem gleichen oder einem anderen Material wie der Verbundisolationskörper sein.Thus, the composite insulation body can withstand in the longitudinal direction of a large traction, at least the end face 83 of a body connected to the
Wie der erfindungsgemässe Fensterflügel besitzt auch der Fensterrahmen 61 vorzugsweise einen laminierten Isolationskörper 93. Der Isolationskörper 93 kann aus demselben Material wie der Isolationskörper 19 bestehen und ist ebenfalls mittels angeformter Vorsprünge 103,105 vorzugsweise in die Profile 65,67 eingerollt. Das Profil 67 besitzt zu diesem Zweck Nuten 95, dessen Seitenwände Hinterschneidungen 97 bilden. Ebenso weist das Profil 65 Nuten 99 auf, dessen Seitenwände Hinterschneidungen 101 bilden. In den Nuten 95,99 sind die Vorsprünge 103, 105 des Isolationskörpers 93 formschlüssig gehalten.Like the window sash according to the invention, the
Gemäss dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel sind an den Seitenwänden 107, 109 des Kunststoffkerns 93 jeweils zwei Vorsprünge 103 resp.105 vorgesehen, welche in jeweils entsprechende Nuten 95,99 eingerollt sind. Denkbar ist jedoch auch, nur eine oder mehr als zwei Nuten 95,99 vorzusehen. Um eine feste Verbindung auch bezüglich von in Längsrichtung der Profile wirkender Kräfte zu erreichen, sind die Seitenwände 107, 109 mindestens bereichsweise und vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen ganzflächig mit den Innenflächen der Profile 65,67 verklebt.According to the embodiment shown, two
Wie im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, können die Vorsprünge 87,91 resp. 99,101 aus einem anderen Material als der übrige Kunststoffkern 93 sein. Insbesondere ist denkbar, dass die Vorsprünge durch ein Polyamidprofil gebildet sind. Das Polyamidprofil kann wiederum mit dem feinporigen Material des Kunststoffkerns 93 umspritzt sein oder auf eine andere Art. z.B. durch Formschluss oder Verklebung verbunden sein.As shown in the embodiment shown, the
Zur Erreichung eines möglichst hohen u-Werts ist vorzugsweise der ganze oder zumindest der grösste Teil des Falzraumvolumens zwischen dem Fensterflügel und dem Fensterrahmen durch einen Dichtungskörper 111 ausgefüllt. Eine Besonderheit dieser Fensterkonstruktion ist, dass über wenigstens die Hälfte und vorzugsweise über wenigstens 2/3 der Dicke des Kunststoffkörpers 19 der Dichtungskörper 111 am Isolationskörper 19 resp. Kunststoffkern 93 anliegt oder nur einen minimalen Spalt von weniger als 3 mm und vorzugsweise weniger als 1 mm freigibt. Durch diese Konstruktion, welche einen unabhängigen Aspekt der Erfindung darstellt, kann ein Wärmeaustausch im Zwischenraum zwischen dem Flügelrahmen und dem Fensterrahmen weitgehend unterbunden werden.To achieve the highest possible u value, preferably the entire or at least the largest part of the rebate space volume between the window sash and the window frame is filled by a sealing
Der Dichtungskörper 111 kann ein ko-extrudiertes Dichtungsprofil sein mit einem ersten Abschnitt 113 aus einem ersten Kunststoff und einem zweiten Abschnitt 115 aus einem zweiten Kunststoff. Der zweite Kunststoff ist dabei vorzugsweise ein Elastomer, z.B. auf Olefin- oder Urethanbasis, oder ein thermoplastisches Polyamid. Der zweite Abschnitt 115 des Dichtungskörpers weist vorteilhafterweise mehrere hintereinander angeordnete Kammern 117 auf, welche in ihrem Bereich den Zwischenraum zwischen dem Flügelrahmen und dem Fensterrahmen ausfüllen.The sealing
Der Dichtungskörper 111 ist einerseits in einer im Profil 67 vorgesehenen Dichtungsnut 119 und andererseits in einer Ausnehmung 121 formschlüssig aufgenommen.The sealing
Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss
Als Isolation werden vorzugsweise Kunststoffe eingesetzt, deren Eigenschaften wenigstens in einem der unten stehenden physikalischen Parameter den angegebenen Werten entsprechen. Dabei ist in der fünften und sechsten Spalte der bevorzugte resp. bevorzugteste Bereich der Parameter angegeben.
Bei einem bevorzugt eingesetzten Isolationskörper liegen die idealen Werte in den nachfolgend genannten Bereichen:
Claims (15)
dass die Füllung durch eine Formschluss- und/oder Stoffschlussverbindung mit der Innenschale (11) verbunden ist, und die Isolation der Innenschale (11) durch einen Isolationskörper (19) mit einem λ- Wert < 0.08 W/m K, vorzugsweise < 0.06 W/m K und besonders bevorzugt < 0.04 W/m K und einer Druckfestigkeit zwischen 1 und 5 N/mm2, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 3 N/mm2 und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1.4 und 2.3 N/mm2 realisiert ist.Window or door leaf with
in that the filling is connected to the inner shell (11) by a form-fit and / or material connection, and the insulation of the inner shell (11) by an insulation body (19) having a λ value <0.08 W / m K, preferably <0.06 W / m K and particularly preferably <0.04 W / m K and a compressive strength between 1 and 5 N / mm 2 , preferably between 1 and 3 N / mm 2 and particularly preferably between 1.4 and 2.3 N / mm 2 is realized.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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CH00402/12A CH706318A1 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2012-03-21 | Window or door leaf for use in industry for manufacturing high-pressure metal-composite system for thermally insulated aluminum profiles, has filling part connected with inner shell, where compression strength of shell is in specific range |
CH00732/12A CH706561B1 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2012-05-25 | Window or door sash. |
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EP2642060B1 EP2642060B1 (en) | 2020-07-08 |
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