EP2638586A1 - Röhrenförmige elektrode - Google Patents
Röhrenförmige elektrodeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2638586A1 EP2638586A1 EP11713673.9A EP11713673A EP2638586A1 EP 2638586 A1 EP2638586 A1 EP 2638586A1 EP 11713673 A EP11713673 A EP 11713673A EP 2638586 A1 EP2638586 A1 EP 2638586A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- textile structure
- tubular
- tubular electrode
- energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 Alumnosilikate Substances 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical class O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- AUVPWTYQZMLSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;vanadium Chemical compound [V]#B AUVPWTYQZMLSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003763 resistance to breakage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/76—Containers for holding the active material, e.g. tubes, capsules
- H01M4/765—Tubular type or pencil type electrodes; tubular or multitubular sheaths or covers of insulating material for said tubular-type electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
- H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/76—Containers for holding the active material, e.g. tubes, capsules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/002—Shape, form of a fuel cell
- H01M8/004—Cylindrical, tubular or wound
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a tubular electrode for use in the conversion of chemical into electrical or electrical energy into chemical energy. In such reactions, by utilizing an oxidation reaction of two electrolytes between two electrodes, a voltage is generated or stored in a chemical form by a reverse reaction via the electrodes supplied energy.
- the invention also relates to a device for energy conversion, in which at least one such electrode is used. Finally, the invention is also directed to a method of energy conversion.
- the invention has for its object to provide an electrode which is particularly suitable for use in devices for converting electrical into chemical energy or for the conversion of chemical into electrical energy.
- a tubular electrode which is constructed of a carbonized, graphitized or textile structure or of a structure of electrically conductive material.
- the term "textile structure” is to be understood as meaning both woven and knitted fabrics and disordered textile forms, such as nonwovens or felts.
- the electrode thus constructed combines the necessary property of electrical conductivity, which is given due to the graphitization and / or carbonization or due to the selected starting material, with the advantageous properties of a textile structure.
- Such electrodes are largely impact and shatterproof, so they need not be secured separately against mechanical effects when they are used.
- the tubular electrode according to embodiments of the invention are thus opposite tubular
- Electrode structures in the prior art which are formed for example in the form of graphite tubes or carbon ears, superior in terms of their mechanical strength.
- the elasticity which is given due to the textile design, allows, for example, a simple mounting of such an electrode within an overall device. Moreover, it is possible to impart some elasticity to the device within which such a tubular electrode is inserted.
- the tubular electrode can be used both as a cathode and as an anode.
- suitable materials for the textile tubular electrode according to embodiments of the invention these may for example comprise one or more of the constituents from below: epoxy, rutile, cotton, Teflon, natural or synthetically produced polymers.
- a so-formed electrode is also advantageous in terms of manufacturing costs of a tube made of graphite or carbon.
- the above list of materials is by no means exhaustive. In this case, the materials themselves do not necessarily have to have electrical conductivity, since these are due to the graphitization and / or carbonization, which takes place following the formation of a tubular textile structure is achieved.
- fibers of the textile structure are completely or partially provided with a coating of graphite or carbon, for example within a heating device.
- the textile structure of the tubular electrode is naturally spongy, with the current state of the art allowing the shape and course of channels occurring between individual fibers of the textile structure to be widely varied in accordance with the requirements of the particular application. In this way, the separation efficiency of the tubular electrode can be adjusted as needed. This is particularly important when using the electrode in a device for energy conversion to safely separate various electrolytes or oxidizing and reducing agents in use.
- Electrode In addition to its function as a current conductor, a so-called “electrode also has a function as a filter for liquid and / or solid particles, wherein the permeability is to be selected so that the ions or electrons that occur as charge carriers in a chemical reaction of such an energy conversion through the
- the person skilled in the field of energy conversion by means of galvanic cells will be able to choose the conditions which are necessary for the respective area of application of the electrodes with regard to their permeability.
- the outer diameter D a of the tubular electrode is between about 1 mm and about 50 cm.
- the size of the tubular electrode can thus be widely adapted to the respective needs.
- the elasticity of the thus formed electrode can thereby by means of choice of Wall thickness, the thickness of the applied graphite or carbon layer and / or the density of the textile structure can be adjusted.
- the textile structure may be, for example, a felt. This has the advantage of a particularly simple production.
- the textile structure of the tubular electrode may have a density such that it allows passage of OH ' ions.
- the invention also relates to a device for energy conversion using one or more tubular electrodes, as described above.
- the device comprises a first electrode formed as a tubular element and a second electrode positioned inside or outside the first electrode, wherein at least one chamber is present between the first and second electrodes, and wherein at least the first electrode is made a carbonized or graphitized textile structure or a textile structure of electrically conductive material is formed.
- the device as such is more stable against mechanical shock or shock, which increases its capabilities without additional damping means.
- both the first and the second electrode may have a tubular shape in textile structure.
- both have electrodes different diameters so that they can be nested into each other, wherein between them the already mentioned cavity is formed.
- This cavity serves, depending on the type of device, for example, the inclusion of an electrolyte (optionally also a sacrificial electrolyte) or else an oxidizing agent or reducing agent for an electrochemical reaction, which is carried out by means of the device.
- the device according to the invention can be designed, for example, as a battery, fuel cell or electrolysis cell.
- the invention further relates to a method for electrochemical energy conversion using the above-mentioned electrode.
- the method comprises the steps of providing an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent, performing a galvanic redox reaction, whereby an electrode or a voltage generated in this reaction is passed through at least one electrode formed as a tubular carbonized or graphitized textile structure.
- the use of the thus formed electrode can be additionally optimized in the process by dissipating also in the chemical reaction waste heat through the textile electrode. This can be dissipated via a heat exchanger in the environment to heat them, or supplied to the oxidation and / or reducing agent for preheating. Due to the textile structure of at least one electrode can tapping or supplying the electrical voltage without special facilities to protect against mechanical shocks or shocks respectively.
- reactants for the electrochemical reaction ie as a chemical storage media
- metallocenes metal carbonyls such as V (CO) 6 , Mo (CO) 6 , Ru (CO) 5 , Os (CO) 5 , Cr (CO) 6 , Ni (CO) 4 , Pd (CO) 4 , Pt (CO) 4 or Fe (CO) 5 , VB 2 and / or VBr 2 and CS 2 and / or 0 3 are used.
- the metal carbonyls are carbon dioxide compounds of the metals of V. to VIII. Subgroup of the chemical periodic table. With these, particularly high storage densities for chemical energy can be realized, which is why they can be advantageously used within the scope of the present invention.
- Both solid reactants, in particular in powder form, and those in liquid or gaseous form can be used.
- FIG. 1 a shows a device for the conversion of chemical into electrical energy according to an embodiment of the invention
- the reference numeral 1 denotes a device for converting chemical into electrical energy in its entirety.
- the device may, for example, be a battery, in the present case a solid-state battery. It should be noted that the device according to the invention is not limited to such a battery. Rather, she can also be designed as a fuel cell or as an electrolytic cell.
- the device 1 comprises in the embodiment shown a first tubular electrode 11 and a second tubular electrode 12, which are arranged concentrically here.
- One or both of the electrodes 11, 12 may be formed of a carbonized or graphitized textile structure. For this reason, the electrodes 11, 12 have a certain elasticity and are as far as possible shock and shatterproof. It should be noted that not necessarily both electrodes 11, 12 are tubular. Rather, the inner electrode 12 may be present, for example, as a rod-shaped electrode.
- the electrolyte may, for example, be a liquid electrolyte, such as aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. Depending on the nature of the reaction to be carried out, it may also be a so-called sacrificial electrolyte, which is consumed in the chemical reaction. However, the electrolyte may also be present as a solid electrolyte, for example in powder or foil form.
- the device 1 is here formed as an air / vanadium boride type solid fuel battery, wherein the first reactant 15 surrounding the first electrode 11 is VB 2 in powder form, while the second reactant 16 within the second electrode 12 is oxygen, for example, in the form of air, which is supplied from the environment.
- the electrodes 11, 12 are accommodated in a housing 17, for example made of plastic or ceramic.
- the housing 17 may be constructed of a fiber material, so as to ensure a certain flexibility and resistance to breakage of the entire device.
- FIG. lb there is an enlarged section of the embodiment of Figure 1 is shown. As can be seen, are in the first electrode 11 and in the second electrode 12 in this embodiment, channels IIa, 12a, which serve the leadership of the liquid electrolyte and are formed in parallel in the embodiment shown.
- the person skilled in the art will readily be able to adapt the device shown to the respective particularities if the device is in the form of a different kind of battery than a fuel cell or. an electrolysis cell is to be used.
- the reactants ie the chemical storage media
- Suitable materials for this purpose are, in particular diatomaceous earth (Si0 2), clay (A1 2 0 3), anatase (Ti0 2), rutile (Ti0 2), stabilized zirconium oxide (Zr0 2), molecular sieves, Alumnosilikate, zeolites, hydroxyapatites, inorganic substances.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010010751A DE102010010751A1 (de) | 2010-03-09 | 2010-03-09 | Röhrenförmige Elektrode |
| PCT/EP2011/001159 WO2011110339A1 (de) | 2010-03-09 | 2011-03-09 | Röhrenförmige elektrode |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2638586A1 true EP2638586A1 (de) | 2013-09-18 |
Family
ID=43992275
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11713673.9A Withdrawn EP2638586A1 (de) | 2010-03-09 | 2011-03-09 | Röhrenförmige elektrode |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2638586A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102010010751A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2011110339A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016005144A1 (de) | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Uniwell Rohrsysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verbundkörper mit integriertem Strömungsfeld und Stromsammler |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1196354B (it) * | 1983-12-05 | 1988-11-16 | Dow Chemical Co | Dispositivo per l'immagazzinamento di energia elettrica secondaria e elettrodo per esso |
| US5532083A (en) * | 1994-07-26 | 1996-07-02 | Mccullough; Francis P. | Flexible carbon fiber electrode with low modulus and high electrical conductivity, battery employing the carbon fiber electrode, and method of manufacture |
| US6004691A (en) * | 1995-10-30 | 1999-12-21 | Eshraghi; Ray R. | Fibrous battery cells |
| DE19909930B4 (de) * | 1999-03-06 | 2004-09-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Herstellung von tubulären PEM-Brennstoffzellen und Ionentauschermembranen |
| JP3637392B2 (ja) * | 2002-04-08 | 2005-04-13 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 燃料電池 |
| JP4945887B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-11 | 2012-06-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | セルモジュール及び固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
-
2010
- 2010-03-09 DE DE102010010751A patent/DE102010010751A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2011
- 2011-03-09 EP EP11713673.9A patent/EP2638586A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-03-09 WO PCT/EP2011/001159 patent/WO2011110339A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2011110339A1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
| DE102010010751A1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
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