EP2630416A1 - Capteur solaire comportant un dispositif concentrateur composé de plusieurs segments - Google Patents

Capteur solaire comportant un dispositif concentrateur composé de plusieurs segments

Info

Publication number
EP2630416A1
EP2630416A1 EP11788015.3A EP11788015A EP2630416A1 EP 2630416 A1 EP2630416 A1 EP 2630416A1 EP 11788015 A EP11788015 A EP 11788015A EP 2630416 A1 EP2630416 A1 EP 2630416A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concentrator
arrangement
radiation
absorber
solar collector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11788015.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andrea Pedretti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airlight Energy IP SA
Original Assignee
Airlight Energy IP SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CH01744/10A external-priority patent/CH703998A1/de
Priority claimed from CH01745/10A external-priority patent/CH704007A1/de
Priority claimed from CH01746/10A external-priority patent/CH704006A1/de
Application filed by Airlight Energy IP SA filed Critical Airlight Energy IP SA
Publication of EP2630416A1 publication Critical patent/EP2630416A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
    • F24S30/425—Horizontal axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/56—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by means for preventing heat loss
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar collector according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Radiation collectors or concentrators of the type mentioned find u.a. in solar power plants application.
  • the radiation of the sun is mirrored by collectors with the help of the concentrator and focused specifically on a place in which thereby high temperatures.
  • the concentrated heat can be dissipated and used to operate thermal engines such as turbines, which in turn drive the generating generators.
  • Solar tower power plant systems have a central, elevated (on the "tower") mounted absorber for hundreds of thousands of individual mirrors with reflected to him sunlight, so that the radiation energy of the sun over the many mirrors or concentrators concentrated in the absorber and so temperatures be achieved up to 1300 ° C, which for the efficiency of the downstream thermal Ma (usually a steam or fluid turbine power plant to generate electricity) is favorable.
  • California Solar has a capacity of several MW.
  • the PS20 plant in Spain has an output of 20 MW.
  • Solar tower power plants have (despite the advantageously achievable high temperatures) also found no greater spread to this day.
  • Parabolic trough power plants are widespread and have collectors in high numbers, which have long concentrators with small transverse dimension, and thus have not a focal point, but a focal line.
  • These line concentrators today have a length of 20 m to 150 m.
  • an absorber tube for the concentrated heat (up to 500 ° C), which transports the heat to the power plant.
  • transport medium z.Bsp.
  • Thermal oil, molten salts or superheated steam in question.
  • Conventional absorber pipes are manufactured with complex and expensive construction, in order to minimize the heat losses as far as possible.
  • the solar radiation concentrated by the condenser first heats the tube, and this then the medium, with the result that the necessarily 500 ° C absorber tube radiates heat corresponding to its temperature.
  • the radiation of heat through the network for the heat transport medium can reach 100 W / m, the line length in a large system up to 100 km, so that the heat losses through the piping network for the overall efficiency of the power plant are of considerable importance, as well as on the absorber tubes attributable share of heat losses.
  • the absorber lines are increasingly expensive to avoid these energy losses.
  • widespread conventional absorber lines are formed as a metal tube encased in glass, wherein there is a vacuum between glass and metal tube.
  • the metal tube carries in its interior the heat-transporting medium and is provided on its outer surface with a coating which absorbs irradiated light in the visible range improved, but has a low radiation rate for wavelengths in the infrared range.
  • the enveloping glass tube protects the metal tube is cooled by wind and acts as an additional barrier to heat radiation.
  • the disadvantage here is that the enveloping glass wall also partly reflects or absorbs incident concentrated solar radiation, which results in a reflection-reducing layer being applied to the glass.
  • the absorber line can be additionally provided with a surrounding (not or little insulating) mechanical protection tube, which although with an opening for the incident solar Radiation must be provided, the absorber line but otherwise quite reliable protection.
  • an essential parameter for the efficiency of a solar power plant is the temperature of the transport medium heated by the collectors, through which the heat recovered is transported away from the collector and used for the conversion into, for example, electricity: with higher temperatures, a higher efficiency can be achieved Achieve conversion.
  • Temperature in turn depends on the concentration of the reflected solar radiation through the concentrator.
  • a concentration of 50 means that in the focal area of the concentrator, an energy density per m 2 is achieved, which corresponds to 50 times the radiated from the sun to one m 2 of the earth's surface energy.
  • the theoretical maximum possible concentration depends on the geometry of the Earth - Sun, i. from the opening angle of the solar disk observed from the earth. From this opening angle of 0.27 ° it follows that the theoretically maximum possible concentration factor for trough collectors is 213.
  • a solar collector with the features of claim 1. Due to the fact that the reflected solar radiation is no longer reflected in a focal line region but in at least one focal point region due to the second concentrator arrangement, the concentration in the one-dimensional channel concentrator is two-dimensional, namely a concentration over the length of the collector into a focal line and then across its width into at least one focus area. This increases the theoretically possible maximum concentration to more than 40 ⁇ 00. Of course, here too, this maximum possible concentration can not be reached. However, a small realization of this enormous potential allows to increase the temperatures in the transport medium according to the task and thus to improve the efficiency of the power plant (or even a smallest heat generating unit).
  • the focal point areas of the further concentrators of the second concentrator arrangement remain stationary and thus at a constant location on the absorber edge arrangement.
  • This makes it possible to reduce the thermal opening of the absorber tube to the cross section of the incoming radiation path despite varying incident solar radiation, with the result that the relevant heat losses of the absorber tube decrease and the efficiency of the solar power plant increases.
  • the present invention thus allows beyond the stated object to use an absorber arrangement or an absorber tube, wherein the surface of the thermal opening is divided into individual, small openings and is thus reduced to a substantially reduced total area.
  • the heat losses of the corresponding absorber tube are significantly reduced.
  • Absorber tube provides, which layout causes an increased power consumption of the arrangement.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a conventional trough collector, as in solar power plants
  • FIG. 2c shows a longitudinal section through the trough collector of Fig. 2a
  • FIG. 5b shows the embodiment of FIG. 5a in a cross-sectional view
  • FIG. 6b is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 6a, FIG.
  • FIG. 7b shows the optical element of FIG. 7a in cross section, showing the geometry of the radiation passing through the element, FIG.
  • FIG. 8c shows a third embodiment of the optical element of the further concentrators
  • FIG. 10a shows a cross section through an additional embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 10b shows a detail view of the embodiment of Figure 10a
  • FIG. 1 shows a trough collector 1 of conventional type with a pressure cell 2, which has the shape of a cushion and is formed by an upper, flexible membrane 3 and a lower, flexible membrane 4 concealed in the figure.
  • the membrane 3 is permeable to the sun's rays 5 which fall in the interior of the pressure cell 2 on a concentrator membrane (concentrator 10, Figure 2a) and are reflected by these as rays 6, to an absorber tube 7, in which a heat-transporting medium circulates which dissipates the heat concentrated by the collector.
  • the absorber tube 7 is supported by supports 8 in the focal line region of the concentrator tube.
  • the pressure cell 2 is mounted in a frame 9, which in turn is mounted in a known manner the daily position of the sun pivotally mounted on a frame.
  • Such solar collectors are described for example in WO 2010/037243 and WO 2008/037108. These documents are expressly incorporated by reference into this specification.
  • the present invention preferably finds application in a designed as a trough collector solar collector of this type, ie with a pressure cell and a clamped in the pressure cell concentrator membrane application, it is in no way on it limited, but for example, also applicable in trough collectors whose concentrators are designed as non-flexible mirror. Collectors with non-flexible mirrors are used for example in the above-mentioned power plants.
  • FIG. 2 a shows a possible embodiment of the further concentrators according to the invention.
  • a collector 10 designed in principle like the collector 1 of FIG. 1 has a concentrator 11 and an absorber tube 12 mounted on supports 8. Sunbeams 5 fall on the concentrator 11 and are reflected by it as rays 6.
  • the concrete design of the concentrator 11 results in a first radiation path for reflected radiation, which is represented by the beams 6.
  • the concentrator 11 is curved in only one direction, a linear concentrator, with the advantage that it is opposite to the parabolic in two directions parabolic
  • Concentrators can be made simpler and moreover with a large surface, without resulting in the frame structure and the day-to-day alignment necessary according to the sun, according to prohibitive constructive constraints.
  • the arrow 16 shows the longitudinal direction
  • the arrow 17 the
  • the concentrator 11 is curved in the transverse direction 17, and not in the longitudinal direction 16.
  • the radiation path of the concentrator 11 has a focal line region, necessarily, because on the one hand due to the opening angle of the sun whose radiation 5 is not incident parallel, the concentration in a geometrically accurate focal line so that is not possible and also because an accurate parabolic curvature of con- centering for a theoretically approximated as far as possible focal line with reasonable cost is not feasible.
  • the concentrator 11 is part of a first concentrator assembly of the collector 10, which is formed here from the (as mentioned above to relieve the figure omitted) pressure cell, the organs for maintaining and controlling the pressure and the frame in which the concentrator 11 is clamped.
  • the omitted elements are known to those skilled in the art.
  • plate-shaped, for concentrated radiation transparent optical elements 20 are arranged in the first radiation path of the concentrator 11 (and thus in the radiation path of the first Konzentratoran instruct myself), so that the radiation path passes through them. These optical elements 20 break the incident on it (reflected by the concentrator 11) radiation 6 such that the radiation is concentrated 6 after the optical elements 20 as radiation 15 in a focal area.
  • the second radiation path represented by the radiation 15 of each of the optical elements 20 has a focal point region 21.
  • a number of optical elements 20 corresponding to the length of the solar collector are shown, and their focal point ranges are shown by way of example with two optical elements 20.
  • the optical elements 20 are part of a second concentrator arrangement, which is arranged in the first radiation path in front of the focal line region and form further concentrators in the second concentrator arrangement.
  • the second Konzentratoran- order here include, for example, still carrier 22, which are fixed to the absorber tube 12 and where the optical elements 20 are held in position.
  • the absorber arrangement embodied here as absorber tube 12 is located at the location of the focal point areas 21 and has a number of thermal openings 23 for the passage of the concentrated radiation 15 into the interior of the absorber tube 12.
  • a thermal opening permits, but is not necessarily, the heat transfer of the concentrated radiation designed as a mechanical opening.
  • a thermal opening with respect to a non-transparent insulation may be designed as a glass pane possibly coated to dampen the reflection. Nevertheless, it is necessarily the case that at the location of the thermal opening ultimately no good insulation can be achieved, so the corresponding relevant heat losses must be accepted.
  • an externally insulated absorber tube is used herein, i. a absorber tube with a non-transparent heat insulation which is closed all around on its outside and whose thermal openings are designed as physical openings in this external insulation (but can of course be closed by a glass pane, of course).
  • FIG. 2b shows a cross-section (arrow 17) through the collector 10 of FIG.
  • the first radiation path of the first concentrator arrangement (concentrator 11), represented here by the two reflected beams 6, 6 ', converges toward a focal line region 21 at the location of the absorber tube 12.
  • the radiation 6 passes through the optical element 20, wherein its second radiation path, represented here by the two beams 15, 15 ', converges towards the focal point region 21.
  • the concentration of the first concentration arrangement takes place in the transverse direction (arrow 17).
  • the focus areas 21 of the optical elements 20 are in the focal zone of the concentrator 11, i. in the focal line region of the first concentrator arrangement.
  • the reflected radiation 6 is not refracted by the optical element 20, i. essentially lying in a straight line.
  • the optical element 20 can cause a slight offset of the radiation path 15, 15 "with respect to the path 6, 6', which, however, is not relevant here.
  • FIG. 2 c shows a section through the collector 10 of FIG. 2 a in the longitudinal direction (arrow 16), with a view of the radiation path projected in this longitudinal plane or first and second radiation path of the first and the second concentrator arrangement. However, only a part of the longitudinal section over the length of one of the optical elements 20 is shown.
  • FIG. 2c shows the view of the left half of the concentrator 11 (FIG. 2b).
  • the first radiation path of the first concentrator arrangement (concentrator 11), represented here by the reflected beams 6, 6 ', runs against a focal line region at the location of the absorber tube 23.
  • the radiation 6 to 6 'passes through the optical element 20, is interrupted by it in the longitudinal direction 16, the second radiation path of the optical elements 20 (represented by the FIGS
  • the second concentrator arrangement has at least one optical element 20 (i.e., at least one further concentrator) with a second radiation path, wherein at least one focal point region 21 is generated by the at least one optical element 20.
  • the arrangement according to the invention can be implemented for small or very small applications with only one optical element 20 or for industrial use in collectors with the largest dimensions with tens or hundreds of optical elements 20.
  • FIGS. 2b and 2c further show that the optical element 20 in the illustrated embodiment is designed as a linear concentrator whose concentration direction is transverse or perpendicular to the concentration direction of the linear concentrator of the first concentrator arrangement.
  • optically effective surfaces (at which the refraction of the light rays is generated) of the optical elements 20 are aligned with the first radiation path of the first concentrator arrangement (here of the concentrator 11) such that the path of each individual beam is projected a plane perpendicular to the focal line region (shown in FIG. 2 b) is a straight line, but is refracted toward the focal point region 21 in a plane lying in the focal plane region (shown in FIG. 2 c).
  • the optical elements preferably have a Fresnel structure, which allows them to be formed with a plate-shaped body as shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c.
  • each optical element 20 may also be designed as a converging lens which extends transversely below the absorber tube 12 and generates the refraction according to FIGS. 2b and 2c.
  • Such formed optical elements 20 can be made, for example, by glazing, in which a metal mold is made and a suitable transparent plastic material (or even glass) is cast.
  • FIG. 3 shows the collector 10 and the orbit 30 of the sun from morning to evening. Shown are sunbeams 31, 32 and 33, incident on the concentrator 11 at the same place and reflected by this in the first radiation path depending on the time of day as rays 3, 32 'and 33'.
  • the solar radiation alternately falls on the concentrator 11 over the time of day in an operating region, i. the first Concentratorand instrument, so that its first radiation path changes continuously with the time of day, wherein the current first radiation path in the morning by the beam 31 ', at noon by the beam 32' and in the evening by the beam 33 'is represented.
  • the focal line region of the concentrator 11 is displaced only in its longitudinal axis (direction 16), but not transversely thereto.
  • FIG. 4 now shows an arrangement according to the invention which increases the average efficiency of the second concentrator arrangement.
  • the figure shows analogous to Fig. 2c is a section through the collector 10 in the longitudinal direction (arrow 16), wherein only a part of the longitudinal section is shown to the ratios based on any optical
  • the optical element 20 can be pivoted via a carrier pair 40, 40 '(of which only the carrier 40' visible in the image plane is pivotable) on its side fixedly arranged on the absorber tube 12 carriers (of which only the front carrier 41 'in the image plane is visible ) hinged.
  • it can be pivoted in the direction of the double arrow 42, in each case in such a way that it is oriented relative to the current radiation path of the first concentrator arrangement, ie, it is perpendicular to the current first radiation path.
  • the current radiation path is represented by the rays 31 'and 31 **.
  • the second radiation path is represented by the rays 15 'and 15 **.
  • the pivoting movement is triggered by a movable in the direction of the double arrow 47 lever 48 which is connected to the optical element 20 (and all other optical elements of the collector 10).
  • a not shown to relieve the figures control of the collector 10 can drive a drive, also not shown, for the lever 48, so that the orientation of the optical element 20 is done properly at any time during the day.
  • the feed area of the lever 48 defines an alignment area for the optical elements 20, which corresponds to the daytime radiation conditions prevailing at the location of the collector 10 (FIG. 3).
  • the carrier pairs with the carriers 40, 40 'and 41, 41' as well as the lever 47 with the associated drive and its control provide a means for connecting the at least one concentrator (in the illustrated embodiment: the optical elements 20) second concentrator with respect to a current first radiation path of the first concentrator continuously, the time of day to align.
  • An advantage of the preferred embodiment shown in the figure is that the pivot axis 43 is placed in the region of the thermal opening 45 by the carrier pair with the carrier 41, with the result that the dashed line indicated focal point region 46 over the entire alignment region of the optical element 20th (or alignment of the at least one concentrator of the second Konzentratora- arrangement) is kept fixed in a fixed position.
  • the focal point region 45 of the concentrator of the second concentrator arrangement (the optical element 20) is over the entire alignment region relative to a concentrator section of the first concentrator arrangement (here the section of the concentrator 11 shown in the FIG ) fixed position held.
  • thermal openings 45 to be reduced to the extent of the fixed focus area 46, i. to those dimensions that result from the alternate orientation of the radiation ( Figure 3) in total. If the optical element 20 were not aligned according to the invention, the thermal opening would have to have a length which corresponds to the displacement of the focal point area over the time of day. With a long tanning time over day, this could even cause the individual thermal openings to touch, i. the absorber tube would have a thermal opening extending through its length. A corresponding and inventively avoidable heat loss would be the result.
  • FIG. 5a shows a further embodiment according to the present invention, the embodiment according to FIG. 4 being supplemented by two limiting mirrors 50, 51.
  • mirrors 50, 51 have a profile that corresponds to a branch of a parabola, with the focal point of that parabola at the bottom of the opposite mirror.
  • the boundary mirrors 50,51 are here attached on the one hand to the optical element 20 and on the other hand to an upper bracket 58, fixed relative to the optical element 20 and arranged pivotably therewith.
  • a scattering of the radiation reflected in the first radiation path is corrected.
  • the scattering results on the one hand from the opening Angle of the sun, with the result that the solar radiation is not incident as parallel radiation, and on the other hand from the concentrator 11 itself, the surface is not geometrically ideal to produce reasonable cost, which may have a further disturbance of the beam path.
  • errors in the optical element 20 may cause a disturbance in the second radiation path that is corrected by the boundary mirrors 50, 51.
  • a beam 31 ** in the first radiation path and a beam 15 ** in the second radiation path are shown. It is assumed that the beam 31 ** is the reflected beam of a beam originating from the center of the sun, and that the concentrator 11 is geometrically ideally formed at the location of the reflection. Accordingly, the beam 15 ** passes ideally through the center of the focal region 46.
  • a beam 53 'in the first radiation path and a beam 54' in the second radiation path is a beam 53 'in the first radiation path and a beam 54' in the second radiation path.
  • the beam 53 ' is the reflected beam of a beam originating from the edge of the sun, and / or that the concentrator 11 has a geometric deviation at the location of the reflection. Accordingly, the beams 31 ** and 53 'are not parallel, and further, the beam 54', despite refraction in the optical element 20 (or due to a defect in the optical element 20), is not directed to the focus area 46, but would miss it. as indicated by the dashed line 47.
  • the beam 54 'strikes the boundary mirror 50 accordingly and is reflected by it as a beam 55' into the focal point area 46.
  • FIG. 5b shows a view of the arrangement of FIG. 5a in a section along the plane AA of FIG. 5a. Visible are the underside of the optical element 20, the back of the boundary mirror 50, wherein the impact point of the beam 54 'is marked by the cross drawn there.
  • the figure shows the application of the limiting mirrors 50, 51 in longitudinal section through the collector 10, that is to say that their surface extends transversely, in the direction 17.
  • the boundary mirrors can also be aligned with their surface along, in the direction 16, so that the beam path, for example, by non-parallel incident radiation of the sun, due to errors in the curvature of the concentrator 11 in the transverse direction (direction 17) or in Transversely effective errors in the optical element 20 can be corrected by further concentration in a third radiation path.
  • limiting mirrors are provided for the correction of the radiation path in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction.
  • FIG. 6a shows a collector 60 designed according to the invention, the first concentrator arrangement of which has a plurality of concentric portions 61, 62 running side by side and longitudinally. It should be noted at this point that the first concentrator arrangement can have not only two, but for example four, six, eight or more such concentrator sections.
  • a further embodiment of a solar collector in the manner of that shown in FIG. 6a has a trough collector with a concentrator of 50 m length, the concentrator having two parallel sections each 4 m wide, which are curved in such a way that their focal line area is in one Distance of 3 m is located.
  • the optical elements may not be formed as plate-shaped bodies but as transversely curved half-shells (with a suitable Fresnel structure), and then have a radius of curvature of 200 mm and a length of 200 mm. Accordingly, about 250 optical elements are provided over the length of the absorber tube, the absorber tube (FIG. 10) having 250 thermal openings.
  • Each concentrator section 61, 62 is assigned a row 63, 64 of optical elements 65, 66, wherein in turn each optical element 65, 66 has its own thermal opening 67, 68 in the absorber tube 69. Again, to relieve the figure, the supports for the optical elements 65, 66 and other elements not essential to understanding the invention have been omitted. It should be noted that adjacent optical elements 20 may be associated together in the transverse direction of a thermal opening.
  • a sun ray 70 is reflected in the concentrator section 61 as a beam 71 (first radiation path of the concentrator section 61), refracted by the optical element 65, and as a beam 72 (second radiation path of the optical element 65) into a focal point region not visible in the figure at the location of the hidden thermal Opening 67 directed.
  • a sun ray 74 is reflected in the concentrator section 62 as a beam 75 (first radiation path of the concentrator section 62), refracted by the optical element 66, and directed as a beam 76 (second radiation path of the optical element 66) into a focus region 78 at the location of the thermal opening 68 ,
  • This arrangement has the advantage that the transverse extent (direction 17) of the individual concentrator sections 61, 62 is smaller than would be the case for a single concentrator, so that smaller focal point ranges can be achieved in comparison to a wider concentrator (opening angle of the sun).
  • This leads to smaller thermal openings 67, 68 whose entire area is smaller than the area of the thermal openings with only one, but significantly wider, concentrator.
  • optical elements 65, 66 are arranged pivotably on the absorber tube 69, as shown by way of example in FIGS. 4 to 5b.
  • FIG. 6b shows a collector 70 slightly modified with respect to FIG. 6a, here likewise with two concentrator sections 71, 72 and two rows 73, 74 of optical elements 20.
  • six concentrator sections and six rows of optical elements 20 could also be provided, for example.
  • the optical elements 20 of each row 73, 74 are aligned with their respective associated concentrator portion 71, 72 and are thus arranged obliquely, and thus pivotable according to the invention in an oblique plane indicated by the dot-dashed lines 75, 76. By this alignment of the optical elements 20, the efficiency of the arrangement improves again.
  • the figure further shows a solar beam 80, a reflected beam 81 representing the first radiation path of the concentrator section 71, and a beam 82 (which thus passes the boundary mirror 50) which is running correctly and thus passes the boundary 28.
  • the figure shows a preferably passable strip 83 as well lateral frame parts 84 and 85, between which the concentrator sections 71, 72 are spanned,
  • the width of the strip 83 is selected such that only it is shadowed by the two rows 73, 74 of the optical elements 20.
  • the lens 230 having a Fresnel structure according to FIG. 7a is further improved in order to minimize errors due to aberration:
  • Figure 7b shows a section in the transverse direction 17 through the Fresnel lens 230 in the installed state, the section runs along one of the steps 233. In this section is to relieve the figure only the left of the dash-dotted line of symmetry 35 located half of the Fresnel lens 230 with the in him extending radiation path shown.
  • Sunbeams 206 IV to 206 VI which are reflected by the first concentrator arrangement (in this case concentrator 11 or sections 71, 72), enter the lower optically active surface 231, are refracted at this point to the solder 236, pass through the body of the Fresnel lens 230 to the first upper optically active surface 232 and leave them as rays 215 I to 215 VI , wherein they are refracted on the upper surface 232 away from the solder.
  • the first concentrator arrangement in this case concentrator 11 or sections 71, 72
  • the double refraction results in the rays 215 lv to 215 VI being displaced somewhat parallel to the rays 26 IV to 26 vi , the offset for the outward rays being greater is considered to be internal radiation, which can adversely increase the focal range depending on the particular case.
  • This is illustrated qualitatively (and exaggeratedly) with the aid of the continuations of the rays 26 IV to 26 v shown in dashed lines: if the rays 26 IV to 26 V were not refracted twice, they would be quite well concentrated on the thermal opening 229 of the absorber tube 228.
  • the refraction results in the described parallel offset, so that the beams 215 I to 215 VI only partially reach the thermal opening 229, which may not be optimal.
  • FIG. 8a shows an optimized embodiment in this respect. Illustrated is an optical element designed as a Fresnel grating lens 240, the lower optically active surface 241 of which is planar, and whose upper optically effective surface 242 has a Fresnel grating structure apart from the central zone 243.
  • the basic structure of the Fresnel grating lens 240 corresponds to the structure of the optical element 230.
  • the deviation from the optical element 230 is in the formation of the flanks 244, which in turn are subdivided into facets 245, each facet 245 being differently inclined in the installed state in the transverse direction 217 is. As shown in FIG.
  • an incident beam 26 " is refracted as it passes through the lower optically active surface 241 to the solder and traverses the body of member 241 until it becomes optically effective at the upper facet formed by the respective facet 245 Surface 242 is broken again at the outlet and as a jet 215 v "reaches the opening 229 of the absorber tube 228.
  • the beam 206 "without passing through an optical element would reach the thermal opening 229 (dashed line 246) when he would not be offset by the double refraction parallel during the passage, which is indicated by the dot-dash line 247 according to the figure 6b.
  • the beam 206 v "on the inclined facet 245 is refracted such that the offset is compensated by the offset, so that the beam 215 v " reaches the thermal opening 229.
  • Fresnel grating structure e.g., size of facets 245
  • slope of each of the facets 245 in the particular case.
  • FIG. 8c A further embodiment of an optical element designed as a Fresnel grating lens 250 is shown in FIG. 8c, wherein the lower and upper optically effective surfaces 251, 252 are each provided with a Fresnel grating structure.
  • the section through Fresnel grating lens 250 corresponds to that of FIG. 3.
  • Facets 256 in the lower surface 251 correspond to facets 255 in the upper surface 252 such that an incident reflected solar ray 206 IX is incident perpendicular to the facets 256,255 and thus through them is not broken, thus avoiding an aberration in the illustrated plane.
  • the facets 255 in the top surface 252 are inclined in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the figure (slope in the direction 16), so that the rays 215 '"are concentrated into a focus area at the location of the thermal opening 229.
  • FIG. 9 shows in a diagram a comparison between a conventional absorber tube which has a single, wide thermal opening in cross-section and an absorber arrangement or an absorber tube as used herein, namely with two adjacent thermal elements
  • FIG. 6b A denotes the (larger) width of the thermal opening of the conventional absorber tube
  • B denotes the width of each of the two thermal openings of the absorber tube according to the invention (FIG. 6b).
  • Both absorber tubes ie, the conventional and the inventive are for the comparison of the same concentrator assigned, the conventional absorber tube with its thermal opening all
  • Combustion areas of the entire concentrator detected, while the thermal openings of the inventive absorber tube are each associated with one half of this concentrator or depending on the focal line region of this half.
  • the curves across the indicated widths A and B denote the power absorbed by the respective thermal openings through the concentrated radiation.
  • the curve 320 shows the power absorbed by the conventional absorber tube with a single thermal opening at the corresponding width A of this opening.
  • Curves 321 and 322 respectively show the power absorbed by the absorber tube according to the invention via its two adjacent thermal openings.
  • the power consumption of the inventive absorber tube with two less wide thermal openings is equal to or slightly larger than that of the conventional absorber tube with only one thermal opening.
  • This effect is due to the aperture angle of the sun, whereupon reflected radiation in the concentrator necessarily scatters into a focal line region, which effect increases with increasing distance of the edge regions of the concentrator.
  • the efficiency of the collector according to the invention can be additionally improved: Firstly, the longitudinal thermal opening conventionally formed as a single longitudinal slit is resolved longitudinally into a number of smaller thermal openings, with a total area of the smaller openings smaller than the area of the single thermal opening. This is made possible by the use of a second concentrator arrangement which dissolves the focal line area of the trough concentrator into focal areas.
  • the conventional thermal opening extending the length of the absorber tube is resolved into smaller diameter cross-sectional thermal openings and each of the less wide thermal openings is associated with a concentrator section.
  • the same heat input into the absorber tube takes place with a smaller total area of the thermal openings, as is the case with a single thermal opening.
  • FIG. 10 a shows a solar collector 100 with a pressure cell 101 of a known type, mounted in a frame 102, which in turn is pivotably mounted on a pedestal 103 for tracking the sun.
  • a first concentrator arrangement with a multipartite concentrator consisting of the sections 104 and 105 is arranged in the pressure cell 101, wherein according to the invention a second concentrator arrangement which is likewise two-part here is provided with mirrors 106 and 107.
  • Each mirror 106, 107 lies in the radiation path of the The incident solar radiation is represented by the beams 110, 111, the radiation path of the concentrator sections 104 and 105 by the reflected beams 112, 113.
  • the mirrors 106, 107 are located in the radiation path in front of the focal line region of the respective concentrator section
  • the radiation path of the mirrors 106, 107 for the reflected solar radiation 112, 113 is represented by the radiation 114, 153 reflected at the mirrors.
  • These Reflected radiation 114, 115 is, according to the invention, concentrated by the mirrors 106, 107 into a focal point region 116 which lies in an associated opening of the absorber tube.
  • the necessary curvature of the mirrors 106, 107 is shown schematically in FIG. 7 b.
  • the mirrors 106, 107 may alternatively be provided with a Fresnel structure, particularly preferably with a Fresnel lattice structure.
  • FIG. 7b shows a view of a part of the solar collector 100, wherein the viewing direction approximately corresponds to the direction of the arrow for the reference symbol 100 in FIG. 7a.
  • the absorber tube 120 one of the thermal openings 121 and a mirror 121 associated with this opening 121 is shown.
  • Adjacent and identically formed mirror 107 ', which line up under the absorber tube 120 along its entire length (arrow 16) are indicated by dashed lines, with each mirror 107' in turn being associated with an opening 121.
  • the mirror 107 is curved (concave) in the longitudinal direction 16 so that, viewed in the longitudinal direction, all the incident rays 113 are concentrated on the focal point region 116, while the mirror 107 is also (concave) curved in the transverse direction 17, so that the concentration on the focal line region 116 also takes place in the transverse direction.
  • FIG. 10c shows the arrangement of FIGS. 10a and 10b, wherein according to the invention means are provided for aligning the mirror 107 in an alignment area with respect to a current radiation path of the first concentrator arrangement.
  • These means have a bearing 122, on which the mirror 107 is mounted pivotably about a pivot axis 123, wherein the pivoting movement is triggered by a lever 124 which is activated by a drive not shown for relieving the figure.
  • the mirrors may preferably have a Fresnel lattice structure which, in the specific case, the person skilled in the art can determine that the success according to the invention occurs.
  • Such mirrors can also be made by casting, for example me optical surface of the casting can be mirrored by a suitable coating.
  • the second concentrator arrangement can be arranged in the pressure cell of the first concentrator arrangement, so that it is protected against contamination. Basically, this saves the considerable effort for cleaning, whereby not protected by the pressure cell, finely graduated Fresnel structures of the optical elements or Fresnel lattice structures can be sufficiently cleaned in the mirrors only with very large cleaning effort, what without this exorbitant cleaning effort too Losses in the collector's performance.
  • the present invention particularly includes the following two points
  • a solar collector having a first concentrator arrangement which has a first radiation path with a focal line region for in an operating range changing into them incident solar radiation, and with a concentrated radiation absorber arrangement, characterized by a second concentrator arrangement with at least one, in the first radiation path in front of the focal line region arranged, in turn, a second radiation path having a focal point region having further concentrator, wherein the second concentrator arrangement comprises means for continuously aligning in an alignment region of the at least one further Konzentra- tors with respect to a current radiation path of the first concentrator.
  • the absorber element is designed as an absorber tube and the second concentrator at least one row of over the length of the absorber tube arranged behind each other further concentrators and wherein at any location over the length of the absorber tube at least one thermal opening to the There is assigned at least one further concentrator there, and wherein preferably several rows of further concentrators are provided.
  • each other concentrator of each row is assigned its own thermal opening, and wherein the means for continuously aligning the other concentrators keep their focus areas fixed in the associated thermal opening.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

Les concentrateurs supplémentaires d'un deuxième dispositif concentrateur, dans un concentrateur linéaire conçu en tant que concentrateur cylindro-parabolique, permettent de concentrer le rayonnement concentré dans des zones focales, de telle manière qu'il est possible d'obtenir une concentration plus élevée du rayonnement et donc des températures plus élevées dans le tube absorbeur. Pour réduire les pertes de chaleur augmentant de façon exponentielle dans le tube absorbeur du fait des températures plus élevées, l'invention met en oeuvre en synergie un dispositif absorbeur comportant des rangées d'ouvertures thermiques individuelles, ces rangées étant situées côte à côte.
EP11788015.3A 2010-10-24 2011-10-24 Capteur solaire comportant un dispositif concentrateur composé de plusieurs segments Withdrawn EP2630416A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01744/10A CH703998A1 (de) 2010-10-24 2010-10-24 Sonnenkollektor.
CH01745/10A CH704007A1 (de) 2010-10-24 2010-10-24 Sonnenkollektor mit einer ersten Konzentratoranordnung und gegenüber dieser verschwenkbaren zweiten Konzentratoranordnung.
CH01746/10A CH704006A1 (de) 2010-10-24 2010-10-24 Rinnenkollektor sowie Absorberrohr für einen Rinnenkollektor.
CH01775/10A CH704005A2 (de) 2010-10-24 2010-10-25 Sonnenkollektor mit einer ersten Konzentratoranordnung und gegenüber dieser verschwenkbaren zweiten Konzentratoranordnung.
CH01776/10A CH703995A2 (de) 2010-10-24 2010-10-25 Rinnenkollektor sowie Absorberrohr für einen Rinnenkollektor.
CH01774/10A CH703996A2 (de) 2010-10-24 2010-10-25 Sonnenkollektor.
PCT/CH2011/000257 WO2012055055A1 (fr) 2010-10-24 2011-10-24 Capteur solaire comportant un dispositif concentrateur composé de plusieurs segments

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EP2630416A1 true EP2630416A1 (fr) 2013-08-28

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EP11788016.1A Withdrawn EP2630417A2 (fr) 2010-10-24 2011-10-24 Tube absorbeur pour un collecteur cylindro-parabolique
EP11788015.3A Withdrawn EP2630416A1 (fr) 2010-10-24 2011-10-24 Capteur solaire comportant un dispositif concentrateur composé de plusieurs segments

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EP11788016.1A Withdrawn EP2630417A2 (fr) 2010-10-24 2011-10-24 Tube absorbeur pour un collecteur cylindro-parabolique

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EP (2) EP2630417A2 (fr)
JP (2) JP2013545958A (fr)
KR (2) KR20140020827A (fr)
CN (2) CN103201568A (fr)
AU (2) AU2011320097A1 (fr)
CH (3) CH704005A2 (fr)
CL (2) CL2013001114A1 (fr)
IL (2) IL225917A0 (fr)
MA (2) MA34665B1 (fr)
MX (2) MX2013004582A (fr)
TN (1) TN2013000163A1 (fr)
WO (2) WO2012055055A1 (fr)

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MX2013004580A (es) 2013-05-22
CN103201568A (zh) 2013-07-10
KR20140020827A (ko) 2014-02-19
MX2013004582A (es) 2013-05-22
CL2013001113A1 (es) 2013-08-30
MA34665B1 (fr) 2013-11-02
JP2013545958A (ja) 2013-12-26
US20130247961A1 (en) 2013-09-26
MA34660B1 (fr) 2013-11-02
EP2630417A2 (fr) 2013-08-28
TN2013000163A1 (en) 2014-11-10
IL225919A0 (en) 2013-07-31
CL2013001114A1 (es) 2013-08-30
JP2013542398A (ja) 2013-11-21
CH704005A2 (de) 2012-04-30
AU2011320097A1 (en) 2013-05-23
WO2012055056A2 (fr) 2012-05-03
AU2011320098A1 (en) 2013-05-09
WO2012055055A1 (fr) 2012-05-03
IL225917A0 (en) 2013-07-31
CN103201567A (zh) 2013-07-10
KR20130128406A (ko) 2013-11-26
CH703996A2 (de) 2012-04-30
WO2012055056A3 (fr) 2012-08-30
US20140026944A1 (en) 2014-01-30
CH703995A2 (de) 2012-04-30

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