EP2628691B1 - Sealed single-dose break-open package provided with pre-weakened areas - Google Patents
Sealed single-dose break-open package provided with pre-weakened areas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2628691B1 EP2628691B1 EP13156050.0A EP13156050A EP2628691B1 EP 2628691 B1 EP2628691 B1 EP 2628691B1 EP 13156050 A EP13156050 A EP 13156050A EP 2628691 B1 EP2628691 B1 EP 2628691B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- incision
- package
- plastic material
- semi
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
- B65D75/52—Details
- B65D75/58—Opening or contents-removing devices added or incorporated during package manufacture
- B65D75/5827—Tear-lines provided in a wall portion
- B65D75/585—Tear-lines provided in a wall portion the tear-lines being broken by deformation or bending
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
- B65D75/28—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in composite wrappers, i.e. wrappers formed by associating or interconnecting two or more sheets or blanks
- B65D75/30—Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2221/00—Small packaging specially adapted for product samples, single-use packages or échantillons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2575/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
- B65D2575/28—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in composite wrappers, i.e. wrappers formed by association or interconnecting two or more sheets or blanks
- B65D2575/30—Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding
- B65D2575/36—One sheet or blank being recessed and the other formed or relatively stiff flat sheet material, e.g. blister packages
- B65D2575/361—Details
- B65D2575/362—Details with special means for gaining access to the contents
- B65D2575/367—Details with special means for gaining access to the contents through a preformed opening in the flat sheet, e.g. the opening being defined by weakened lines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sealed single-dose break-open package.
- the patent applications WO2009040629A2 and WO2008038074A2 describe a sealed single-dose break-open package presenting: a first sheet of semi-rigid plastic material; a second sheet of flexible plastic material superimposed on and sealed to the first sheet to define a sealed pocket that contains a dose of a product; and an incision obtained in the first sheet so as to guide a controlled breakage of the first sheet along the incision in order to cause the formation, through the first sheet itself, of an outlet opening for the product.
- the incision presents along its own length a variable depth in order to determine a progressive breakage of the first sheet along the incision itself; moreover, the incision presents a rectilinear shape and extends from one end of the first sheet to the other opposite end of the first sheet parallel to a smaller side of the first sheet itself.
- the patent application WO2007145535A2 describes a sealed single-dose break-open package presenting: a first sheet of semi-rigid plastic material provided with a main incision arranged centrally; a second sheet of flexible plastic material superimposed on and sealed to the first sheet in order to define a sealed pocket containing a dose of a product; and a third sheet of flexible plastic material superimposed on and sealed to the first sheet on the opposite side with respect to the first sheet of semi-rigid plastic material and (optionally) provided with two secondary incisions arranged on opposite sides of the main incision.
- the sealed package When the sealed package is folded, this causes a controlled breakage of the first sheet along the main incision so as to determine the formation of an outlet opening for the product through the first sheet itself.
- the first sheet of semi-rigid plastic material was obtained with relatively high thicknesses that provide the first sheet with a high rigidity and therefore determine precise breakage of the first sheet along the incision when the package is folded.
- a reduction in the thickness of the first sheet of semi-rigid plastic material was requested, so as to reduce the total quantity of packaging material used to obtain the package (both to reduce the cost of the package and to reduce the environmental impact of the package).
- the thickness of the first sheet of semi-rigid plastic material it was observed that folding the package it is not always possible to obtain a precise breakage of the first sheet along the incision and consequently it is not always possible to obtain optimal outflow of the product.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a sealed single-dose break-open package, said package being free from the drawbacks described above and being, in particular, easy and inexpensive to produce.
- the reference number 1 indicates as a whole a sealed single-dose break-open package.
- the package 1 comprises a rectangular sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material and a sheet 3 of flexible plastic material, which is superimposed on and sealed to the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material to define a sealed pocket 4 that contains a dose of a product 5 (liquid, cream, or powder).
- a product 5 liquid, cream, or powder
- the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material presents a main incision 6 at the centre, which extends along a direction transverse to the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material (i.e. parallel to a smaller side of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material) so as to guide a controlled breakage of the sheet 2 along the main incision 6, in order to cause the formation through the sheet 2 itself of an outlet opening for the product 5.
- a user in use, to open the package 1 a user must simply grip the package 1 with his or her fingers and fold the package 1 until the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material breaks along the main incision 6; by breaking the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material along the main incision 6, the product 5 can be made to flow out of the package 1 in a simple and hygienic way as, during outflow the product 5 itself does not come into contact with the outer surface of the package 1 (i.e. of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material).
- the main incision 6 presents, along its own length, a variable depth in order to determine a progressive breakage of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material along the main incision 6.
- the main incision 6 presents a maximum depth in correspondence to a central portion of the incision 6 itself. Due to the presence of the main incision 6 with variable depth, the breakage of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material along the main incision 6 is always progressive, i.e.
- the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material breaks only in correspondence to the central portion of the main incision 6 and by increasing the degree of folding of the package 1, the breakage of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material also extends to the peripheral portions of the main incision 6.
- the cross section of the main incision 6 is V-shaped; according to other embodiments, not illustrated, the cross section of the main incision 6 could be of a different shape.
- the main incision 6 does not involve the entire width of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material, but only involves a central portion of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material, leaving intact (i.e., without the main incision 6) two side portions of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material arranged symmetrically on opposite sides of the main incision 6 itself.
- This characteristic i.e.
- the fact that the main incision 6 only involves a central portion of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material) is useful, as it enables the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material to maintain sufficient elasticity even after progressive breakage of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material itself along the main incision 6; in other words, progressive breakage of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material along the main incision 6 does not cause a complete transverse fracture of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material itself as the side portions of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material arranged symmetrically on opposite sides of the main incision 6 remain intact and therefore are able to provide the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material with sufficient elasticity.
- outflow of the product 5 is much easier to control and can be interrupted simply (for example, to dispense the product 5 a little at a time rather than all at once).
- the package 1 In fact, if, after having folding the package 1 in order to determine progressive breakage of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material along the main incision 6, the package 1 is released, it returns, by elastic return, to a flat or almost flat configuration, in which the fracture of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material along the main incision 6 is substantially closed; naturally, by folding the package 1 again, the fracture of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material along the main incision 6 is immediately reopened to dispense a further amount of product 5.
- the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material consists of a laminate composed of a supporting layer 7 arranged externally and a heat-sealable layer 8 arranged internally (i.e. in contact with the sheet 3 of flexible plastic material). Between the supporting layer 7 and the heat-sealable layer 8 there is provided a further isolating or barrier layer 9 having the purpose of guaranteeing impermeability to air and/or light.
- the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material could be composed of a supporting layer of white polystyrene (PS) having a thickness of 400 micron ( ⁇ 10%), by a barrier layer of "Evoh” having a thickness of 5 micron ( ⁇ 10%), and by a heat-sealable layer 8 of polyethylene (PE) having a thickness of 25 micron ( ⁇ 10%).
- PS white polystyrene
- Evoh barrier layer
- PE polyethylene
- the main incision 6 is obtained on both sides of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material; in other words, the main incision 6 consists of a groove 6a obtained in an outer wall 10 of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material (i.e. on the opposite side with respect to the pocket 4) and of a groove 6b obtained in an inner wall 11 of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material (i.e. on the same side as the pocket 4).
- the groove 6a obtained in the outer wall 10 of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material is V-shaped and is obtained so as to cause local deformation of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material and in particular the supporting layer 7 of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material.
- the groove 6b obtained in the inner wall 11 of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material is V-shaped and is obtained so as to cause local deformation of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material and in particular all three layers, supporting 7, heat-sealable 8, and barrier 9 of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material. It should be noted that, in correspondence to the groove 6b obtained in the inner wall 11 of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material, the heat-sealable layer 8 and above all the barrier layer 9 of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material undergo local deformation (even in an irregular way), but are not torn, i.e. they remain intact.
- the barrier layer 9 of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material remains substantially intact also in correspondence to the groove 6b obtained in the inner wall 11 of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material, it is possible to ensure perfect isolation of the pocket 4, which is thus suitable to also contain perishable products and/or products with controlled bacterial charge such as foodstuffs, medicines or cosmetics.
- the carrier layer 7, the heat-sealable layer 8, and the barrier layer 9, of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material in correspondence to the main incision 6.
- the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material presents two pre-weakened areas 12, which are aligned with the main incision 6, are arranged on opposite sides of the main incision 6 at a given distance from the main incision 6 itself, and determine a localized weakening of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material which, following a folding of the package 1, facilitates a folding of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material aligned with the main incision 6, without at the same time determining any breakage of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material.
- the function of the pre-weakened areas 12 is to ensure that the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material folds in correspondence to the main incision 6 when the package 1 is folded; moreover, the pre-weakened areas 12 do not cause any breakage of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material during folding of the package 1, as their function is purely to guide folding of the package without forming an outlet opening for the product 5 (the outlet opening for the product 5 is formed exclusively in correspondence to the main incision 6).
- each pre-weakened area 12 only comprises the secondary incision 13, which is obtained in the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material, is parallel to and aligned with the main incision 6, and presents a smaller depth with respect to the main incision 6.
- each secondary incision 13 is arranged at a given distance from a corresponding outer edge of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material.
- each secondary incision 13 preferably presents, along its own length, a constant depth.
- each secondary incision 13 is preferably obtained on one single side of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material and, therefore, consists of a single groove obtained in the outer wall 10 of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material.
- each pre-weakened area 12 comprises, in addition to the secondary incision 13 as described above, also a through cut 14, which is aligned with the main incision 6 (and therefore also with the secondary incision 13) and is arranged in correspondence to an outer edge of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material.
- each through cut 14 is arranged outside of the sealed pocket 4 (and at a safety distance from the sealed pocket 4) in order to prevent undesirable breaks in the sealed pocket 4 itself.
- each through cut 14 presents, in plan view, a triangular shape having a vertex facing the main incision 6; alternatively, each through cut could have a rectangular shape.
- each through cut (14) preferably presents a length (L) ranging from 1 to 3 mm.
- each pre-weakened area 12 comprises only the through cut 14 as described above.
- each pre-weakened area 12 comprises only the secondary incision 13
- each pre-weakened area 12 comprises only the secondary incision 13
- each pre-weakened area 12 comprises the secondary incision 13 and the through cut 14, can advantageously be applied for containing and dosing large volume liquid products 5.
- each pre-weakened area 12 comprises only the through cut 14, can advantageously be applied for containing and dosing thick products 5 (pastes).
- the pre-weakened areas 12 only involve the supporting layer 7 of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material (i.e. do not involve the heat-sealable layer 8 or the isolating or barrier layer 9 of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material).
- the package 1 exclusively comprises the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material and the sheet 3 of flexible plastic material, i.e. the package 1 does not present any further sheet of flexible plastic material coupled to the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material on the opposite side with respect to the sheet 3 of flexible plastic material.
- the through cuts 14 pass entirely through the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material (i.e. pass through all three layers 7, 8 and 9, of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material); according to a different embodiment, not illustrated, the through cuts 14 pass through only the supporting layer of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material, leaving intact the other two layers 8 and 9 of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material.
- the package 1 has a rectangular shape; naturally, for aesthetic reasons the package 1 could have any other shape: round, elliptical, bottle-shaped, rhomboid, pentagonal, hexagonal, triangular, square, bone-shaped.
- the outer surface of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material and/or of the sheet 3 of flexible plastic material can be printed, both to provide information regarding the product 5 and for increased aesthetic decoration.
- outflow of the product 5 is controlled simply as, on account of the differentiated thickness of the main incision 6, breakage of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material occurs initially only in the central part of the main incision 6, and only subsequently does the breakage extend along the remaining part of the main incision 6; in this way, it is simple and intuitive to create a limited breakage of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material and thus cause the formation of an outlet opening of small size through which the product 5 can flow out slowly.
- breakage of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material along the main incision 6 occurs only if the package 1 is folded in a transverse direction (i.e. parallel to the main incision 6) through a considerable angle (typically at least 70-90°); consequently, any accidental breakage of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material along the main incision 6 during handling of the package 1 is highly unlikely.
- the transverse fold is always arranged in correspondence of the main incision 6 even when the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material presents a relatively low thickness. In this way, even when the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material presents a relatively low thickness, a precise breakage of the sheet 2 of semi-rigid plastic material is always guaranteed along the main incision 6 and, consequently, optimal outflow of the product 5 is always guaranteed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT000080A ITBO20120080A1 (it) | 2012-02-20 | 2012-02-20 | Confezione sigillata monodose con apertura a rottura e provvista di indebolimenti di invito |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2628691A1 EP2628691A1 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
EP2628691B1 true EP2628691B1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
Family
ID=45992663
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13156050.0A Active EP2628691B1 (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2013-02-20 | Sealed single-dose break-open package provided with pre-weakened areas |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2628691B1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2527841T3 (es) |
IT (1) | ITBO20120080A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2016143120A (ru) * | 2014-04-30 | 2018-05-30 | Изиснэп Текнолоджи С.Р.Л. | Герметичная порционная разламываемая упаковка, открываемая в вертикальном положении |
JP2017030754A (ja) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-02-09 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 易開封線が形成された袋 |
JP2017030752A (ja) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-02-09 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 易開封線が形成された袋 |
LT3737620T (lt) * | 2018-01-09 | 2022-06-27 | V-Shapes S.R.L. | Sandari vienos dozės pakuotė nulaužiamu galu |
IT201800003352A1 (it) | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-07 | Easysnap Tech S R L | Confezione sigillata con apertura a rottura in un angolo |
CN108622524A (zh) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-10-09 | 柳州亚安食品有限公司 | 螺蛳粉辣椒油包装袋 |
US20210309431A1 (en) | 2019-04-15 | 2021-10-07 | Contract Pharmaceuticals Limited | Break-Open Single-Dose Packages |
IT201900009036A1 (it) * | 2019-06-14 | 2020-12-14 | V Shapes S R L | Confezione sigillata monodose con apertura a rottura, dispositivo e metodo di realizzazione |
IT201900019854A1 (it) | 2019-10-28 | 2021-04-28 | Guala Pack Spa | Confezione monouso con apertura a rottura |
IT202000021802A1 (it) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-16 | V Shapes S R L | Confezione sigillata monodose con apertura a rottura con applicatore |
IT202000026185A1 (it) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-05-03 | Easysnap Tech S R L | Capsula rigida per caffe' o altri prodotti solubili con apertura a rottura |
IT202100010379A1 (it) | 2021-04-23 | 2022-10-23 | Easysnap Tech S R L | Confezione sigillata monodose con apertura a rottura |
IT202100017756A1 (it) | 2021-07-06 | 2023-01-06 | Easysnap Tech S R L | Metodo per la realizzazione di una confezione sigillata monodose con apertura a rottura |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3986640A (en) * | 1973-08-20 | 1976-10-19 | Sanford Redmond | Package for a flowable product and material for making such package |
US4493574A (en) * | 1982-11-18 | 1985-01-15 | Sanford Redmond | Dispenser package having fault line protrusion |
NZ547925A (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2007-11-30 | Hugh Thomas Harry Davies | Sachets and materials used in manufacture of sachets |
PL2076451T3 (pl) * | 2006-09-28 | 2010-12-31 | Easysnap Tech S R L | Szczelnie zamknięte opakowanie z dawką jednorazową otwierane przez przełamanie |
EP2205505B1 (en) | 2007-09-24 | 2011-09-21 | Diapack Limited | Break-open single-dose sealed package |
EP2106719B1 (fr) * | 2008-04-04 | 2017-08-02 | Socoplan | Ensemble comprenant un conditionnement renfermant un applicateur et le produit à appliquer |
-
2012
- 2012-02-20 IT IT000080A patent/ITBO20120080A1/it unknown
-
2013
- 2013-02-20 EP EP13156050.0A patent/EP2628691B1/en active Active
- 2013-02-20 ES ES13156050.0T patent/ES2527841T3/es active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ITBO20120080A1 (it) | 2013-08-21 |
EP2628691A1 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
ES2527841T3 (es) | 2015-01-30 |
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