EP2627972A1 - Method for determining the range of a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Method for determining the range of a motor vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP2627972A1
EP2627972A1 EP11735998.4A EP11735998A EP2627972A1 EP 2627972 A1 EP2627972 A1 EP 2627972A1 EP 11735998 A EP11735998 A EP 11735998A EP 2627972 A1 EP2627972 A1 EP 2627972A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
motor vehicle
vehicle
range
energy
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP11735998.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Josef Mayinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
Original Assignee
Audi AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi AG filed Critical Audi AG
Publication of EP2627972A1 publication Critical patent/EP2627972A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/26—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
    • G01C21/34—Route searching; Route guidance
    • G01C21/3453—Special cost functions, i.e. other than distance or default speed limit of road segments
    • G01C21/3469—Fuel consumption; Energy use; Emission aspects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/40—Control modes
    • B60L2260/50—Control modes by future state prediction
    • B60L2260/52—Control modes by future state prediction drive range estimation, e.g. of estimation of available travel distance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the range of a motor vehicle.
  • the range is of particular interest in motor vehicles which comprise an electric drive, ie electric vehicles or so-called hybrid vehicles, because electric vehicles in particular only have a relatively short range at least at the present time;
  • electrical energy must be provided to motor vehicles, typically in electro-chemical energy stores (batteries), and these can not be recharged as quickly as a fuel tank can be refilled.
  • the present invention is equally applicable when the motor vehicle has only one internal combustion engine.
  • a method for determining the range of an electric vehicle is known from DE 103 02 504 A1.
  • vehicle, route and / or environmental information about the vehicle and a planned or current driving route are recorded and processed by a vehicle computer by means of suitable information recording devices.
  • the processing includes an evaluation of a variably changing vehicle operation.
  • This document also mentions as to whether the driver certain vehicle comfort functions such. B. would like to use an air conditioner. If the comfort functions desired by the driver attack the supply of electrical energy too much, he receives information in this regard from the vehicle computer. The aim is that he can reduce his comfort wishes to the degree necessary to achieve the goal.
  • the object is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1.
  • the measured ambient conditions but preferably the climate data obtained via weather data in the range of the route to be traveled and / or at least the temperature of at least one predetermined component of the motor vehicle are taken into account.
  • the amount of energy to be consumed by at least one electrical consumer which is dependent on the at least one detected temperature variable, namely for producing and / or maintaining the operability of the motor vehicle, is taken into account in determining the range.
  • another variable can be measured which detects the physical or chemical state of at least one component (eg the state of charge of a battery), provided that this quantity can be used to determine the extent to which energy can be produced and maintained.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that obstacles which would prevent the motor vehicle from being put into operation or starting up occur at certain temperatures and do not occur or only to a lesser extent in others or that such obstacles are detected on measured values of a different size and / or weather data can be.
  • the at least one electrical load also includes means for changing the temperature of an electrochemical energy store (the battery) to operate the electric drive.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that the main batteries used for electric drives must have a predetermined temperature in order to provide sufficient energy for an electric drive can. They must therefore be preheated before starting the motor vehicle at low temperatures, cooled at high temperatures and also cooled during operation.
  • the energy to be applied in this case is taken into account in determining the range in the context of the invention, so that the range is determined as precisely as possible; because of the o. g. Energy consumption is not inconsiderable at least at some temperatures.
  • the predetermined component of the motor vehicle is preferably the battery itself.
  • the at least one electrical consumer comprises a device for clearing a window pane of a fog (with moisture etc.) or a coating (with ice); For an icing of the window, for example, occurs only below a certain temperature limit.
  • the humidity can be considered.
  • the device may, for. B. have a hot air blower, simply heat by means of a heating wire, or with metal vapor coated and heated discs include.
  • the invention is preferably used in a motor vehicle which comprises an electric drive.
  • the energy to be applied for moving the motor vehicle is estimated as a function of the corresponding temperature variable during the determination of the range;
  • the rolling resistance, the internal friction resistance (eg in the drive train) and also the air resistance of a motor vehicle depend on the temperature.
  • the component in question whose temperature is being measured may be itself the predetermined component.
  • the method according to the invention is carried out in an alternative before driving.
  • the determination of the range is then used to inform the driver, whether he can perform a designated trip - with desired reserves.
  • the range is typically determined by (or in) the motor vehicle itself and then transmitted wirelessly to a vehicle-external device (eg, an intelligent mobile radio telephone) carried by the driver, or an information center.
  • the actual energy consumption is continuously determined, compared with the contents of the energy storage, the range calculation is constantly updated, and the vehicle driver or other vehicle occupant informed whether the predetermined destination is achievable with or without a predetermined measure especially in the case of an electric vehicle or a motor vehicle with hybrid drive the predetermined measure may consist in recharging a battery of the motor vehicle.
  • a desired destination can be entered, and the navigation system can then determine the proposed route.
  • the altitude, the rolling resistance of the road and other components are known, for. B. obstacles such as traffic lights and railroad crossings.
  • the range it is also possible to take into account whether the driver has certain comfort requirements, eg. B. would like to put an air conditioner or a seat heating in operation. If the properties of the motor vehicle are known, then the consumption of energy can be estimated on the basis of an energy balance.
  • the motor vehicle is not readily operable. For example, it may be that due to too low a temperature of a battery of the motor vehicle, if it is an electric vehicle, must first be preheated, or that it must be cooled at high temperatures, first or during the entire journey. Likewise, in conventional vehicles with internal combustion engine after a cold start additional energy for the heating of this engine - and to overcome the higher vehicle-specific resistances - are used in hot engine, additional energy for cooling may be necessary.
  • the windshield and the other windows of a motor vehicle are icy or misted and must be heated, at least when driving and possibly during the entire journey. It may be necessary to use energy for air cleaning and temperature control systems for the vehicle interior. All of this can be calculated by the fact that the ambient conditions (such as temperature, humidity, solar radiation or pollution of the ambient air) are recorded and / or actually measured via generally available weather data or also via the temperature of a predetermined component of the motor vehicle, such , the battery, the An intelligent unit in the motor vehicle (data processing device) can then calculate on the basis of the measured values of corresponding sensors and / or the information about weather data, how driving resistances have to be considered and which electrical consumers for the production / Maintaining the operability of a motor vehicle must be activated.
  • the ambient conditions such as temperature, humidity, solar radiation or pollution of the ambient air
  • the energy to be consumed in this case is taken into account in the overall energy balance and thus in the determination of the range by an intelligent unit, preferably in the motor vehicle.
  • an intelligent unit preferably in the motor vehicle.
  • the temperature In terms of energy consumption - and thus also on the range of a vehicle - there is a dependency on certain parameters, such. B. the temperature. This dependence can be determined in the development of a new vehicle and by maps in databases, such. B. store in control units.
  • the corresponding production vehicle can already have this optimized range calculation from day one.
  • the amounts of energy are additionally detected in each case, which are needed beyond a normal operation beyond, this normal operation is defined, for. For example, by specifications, as they are set for a type test. These data can also be stored, for example, in control units and - under the same boundary conditions - again be used for an intelligent range calculation.
  • the range is calculated very precisely.
  • the determined range can be transmitted to the motor vehicle driver long before the journey starts to a mobile phone, another mobile device, or an information center (networked computer).
  • an information center networked computer.
  • corresponding updated range displays or instructions to the vehicle driver, to other occupants in the motor vehicle, or an information center can be made.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

In determining the range of a motor vehicle, in particular an electric or hybrid vehicle, the climatic environmental conditions and the temperature or the physical/chemical state of at least one predetermined component of the motor vehicle are considered, because same determine the extent of at least one energy load when said load is needed to establish and/or maintain the operational capability of the motor vehicle or for the intended use of said load. For example, the energy store (battery) must be heated or cooled, a windshield must be defrosted or kept free from fogging, or the vehicle interior must be brought into an intended state and maintained in said state. The energy additionally required therefor reduces the originally determined range, sometimes considerably, with corresponding consequences: long before a vehicle is used on an intended route, it can be determined whether the destination can be reached at all or only with recharging of the energy store. This information can be generated preferably directly in the vehicle and then, for example, transmitted using a smartphone or other mobile device to the user or an information center.

Description

Verfahren zum Ermitteln der Reichweite eines Kraftfahrzeugs  Method for determining the range of a motor vehicle
BESCHREIBUNG: Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Ermitteln der Reichweite eines Kraftfahrzeugs. Die Reichweite ist insbesondere bei Kraftfahrzeugen, die einen elektrischen Antrieb umfassen, also Elektrofahrzeugen oder sog. Hybridfahrzeugen, von Interesse, denn gerade Elektrofahrzeuge haben zumindest zur Zeit nur eine relativ geringe Reichweite; zudem muss bei Kraftfahrzeugen mit elektrischem Antrieb elektrische Energie zur Verfügung gestellt werden, typischerweise in elektro-chemischen Energiespeichern (Batterien), und diese lassen sich nicht so schnell wieder laden, wie ein Kraftstofftank wieder gefüllt werden kann. Die vorliegende Erfindung ist jedoch auch gleichermaßen dann anwendbar, wenn das Kraftfahrzeug ausschließlich über eine Verbrennungs- kraftmaschine verfügt. DESCRIPTION: The invention relates to a method for determining the range of a motor vehicle. The range is of particular interest in motor vehicles which comprise an electric drive, ie electric vehicles or so-called hybrid vehicles, because electric vehicles in particular only have a relatively short range at least at the present time; In addition, electrical energy must be provided to motor vehicles, typically in electro-chemical energy stores (batteries), and these can not be recharged as quickly as a fuel tank can be refilled. However, the present invention is equally applicable when the motor vehicle has only one internal combustion engine.
Ein Verfahren zum Ermitteln der Reichweite eines Elektrofahrzeugs ist aus der DE 103 02 504 A1 bekannt. Hierbei werden Fahrzeug-, Fahrstrecken- und/oder umweltbezogene Informationen über das Fahrzeug und eine ge- plante oder eine aktuell zu befahrende Fahrstrecke von einem Fahrzeugcomputer mittels geeigneter Informationserfassungsgeräte erfasst und verarbeitet. Die Verarbeitung umfasst eine Bewertung einer sich variabel ändernden Fahrzeugbetriebsweise. Diese Druckschrift nennt als zu berücksichtigen auch, ob der Fahrzeugführer gewisse Fahrzeugkomfortfunktionen wie z. B. eine Klimaanlage nutzen möchte. Sollten die vom Fahrer gewünschten Komfortfunktionen den Vorrat an elektrischer Energie zu sehr angreifen, so erhält er eine diesbezügliche Information von dem Fahrzeugcomputer. Ziel ist es, dass er seine Komfortwünsche auf das zur Erreichung des Wegziels notwendige Maß reduzieren kann. A method for determining the range of an electric vehicle is known from DE 103 02 504 A1. In this case, vehicle, route and / or environmental information about the vehicle and a planned or current driving route are recorded and processed by a vehicle computer by means of suitable information recording devices. The processing includes an evaluation of a variably changing vehicle operation. This document also mentions as to whether the driver certain vehicle comfort functions such. B. would like to use an air conditioner. If the comfort functions desired by the driver attack the supply of electrical energy too much, he receives information in this regard from the vehicle computer. The aim is that he can reduce his comfort wishes to the degree necessary to achieve the goal.
Auch in der DE 100 29 886 C1 ist beschrieben, dass die Reichweite eines Kraftfahrzeugs ermittelt wird und hierbei durch ein Energiemanagementsystem ein Temperaturanstieg im Innenraum des Kraftfahrzeugs ermittelt wird. Es wird hier offensichtlich die Lufttemperatur gemessen. Die Messung erfolgt bereits bei Stillstand des Kraftfahrzeugs, und der Fahrer wird über eine Funkstrecke über den Temperaturzustand im Innenraum des Kraftfahrzeugs in Kenntnis gesetzt und kann mittels eines Steuerbefehls die Klimaanlage einschalten. Dann wird überprüft, ob durch den Betrieb der Klimaanlage ein gewünschtes Ziel, das als Zielort des Navigationssystems eingegeben ist, noch erreicht werden kann. It is also described in DE 100 29 886 C1 that the range of a motor vehicle is determined and in this case an increase in temperature in the interior of the motor vehicle is determined by an energy management system. It is obviously the air temperature measured here. The measurement takes place already at standstill of the motor vehicle, and the driver is informed via a radio link on the temperature condition in the interior of the motor vehicle and can turn on the air conditioner by means of a control command. It is then checked whether the operation of the air conditioner, a desired destination, which is entered as the destination of the navigation system, can still be achieved.
Insbesondere bei einem Kraftfahrzeug mit elektrischem Antrieb ist nicht unbedingt gewährleistet, dass das Kraftfahrzeug ohne Weiteres betriebsfähig ist: Es kann nicht stets unmittelbar zum Lauf gebracht und in Betrieb gehalten werden. Die Hindernisse gehen über diejenigen auch hinaus, die man von herkömmlichen Kraftfahrzeugen kennt. Zur Beseitigung der Hindernisse muss aus dem Energiespeicher Energie entnommen werden, welche dann für den eigentlichen Bewegungsvorgang nicht mehr zur Verfügung steht. Außerdem muss - ebenso wie bei herkömmlichen Kraftfahrzeugen - für bestimmte Vorgänge/notwendige Abläufe zusätzlich Energie aufgewendet werden, was eine mögliche Reichweite ebenso einschränken wird. In particular, in a motor vehicle with electric drive is not necessarily guaranteed that the motor vehicle is readily operable: It can not always be brought directly to the run and kept in operation. The obstacles go beyond those familiar from conventional motor vehicles. To eliminate the obstacles energy must be removed from the energy storage, which is then no longer available for the actual movement process. In addition, as with conventional motor vehicles, additional energy must be expended for certain operations / necessary operations, which will also limit a possible range.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, diese Hindernisse und Vorgänge beim Ermit- teln der Reichweite zu berücksichtigen. It is the object of the invention to take these obstacles and processes into account when determining the range.
Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden die gemessenen Umgebungsbedingungen, vorzugsweise aber die über Wetterdaten erhaltenen Klimadaten im Bereich der zu befahrenden Strecke und/oder zumindest die Temperatur zumindest einer vorbestimmten Komponente des Kraftfahrzeugs berücksichtigt. Dann wird das von der zumindest einen erfassten Tempera- turgröße abhängige Ausmaß an von zumindest einem elektrischen Verbraucher zu verbrauchender Energie, nämlich zur Herstellung und/oder Aufrechterhaltung der Betriebsfähigkeit des Kraftfahrzeugs, bei der Ermittlung der Reichweite berücksichtigt. Genau so gut kann eine andere Größe gemessen werden, die den physikalischen oder chemischen Zustand zumindest einer Komponente erfasst (z. B. den Ladezustand einer Batterie), sofern durch dieser Größe das Ausmaß zur Herstellung und weiteren Aufrechterhaltung der Betriebsfähigkeit aufzubringender Energie bestimmt werden kann. Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass Hindernisse, die eine Inbetriebnahme oder ein Inbetriebbleiben des Kraftfahrzeugs verhindern würden, bei bestimmten Temperaturen auftreten und bei anderen nicht oder nur in geringerem Maße auftreten bzw. dass solche Hindernisse an Messwerten einer sonstigen Größe und/oder Wetterdaten erkannt werden können. The object is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1. In the method according to the invention, the measured ambient conditions, but preferably the climate data obtained via weather data in the range of the route to be traveled and / or at least the temperature of at least one predetermined component of the motor vehicle are taken into account. Then the amount of energy to be consumed by at least one electrical consumer, which is dependent on the at least one detected temperature variable, namely for producing and / or maintaining the operability of the motor vehicle, is taken into account in determining the range. Just as well, another variable can be measured which detects the physical or chemical state of at least one component (eg the state of charge of a battery), provided that this quantity can be used to determine the extent to which energy can be produced and maintained. The invention is based on the recognition that obstacles which would prevent the motor vehicle from being put into operation or starting up occur at certain temperatures and do not occur or only to a lesser extent in others or that such obstacles are detected on measured values of a different size and / or weather data can be.
Dies gilt z.B., wenn der zumindest eine elektrische Verbraucher auch eine Einrichtung zum Ändern der Temperatur eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers (der Batterie) zum Betreiben des elektrischen Antriebs umfasst. In diesem Fall beruht die Erfindung auf der Erkenntnis, dass die hauptsächlich verwendeten Batterien für elektrische Antriebe eine vorbestimmte Temperatur haben müssen, um in ausreichendem Maße Energie für einen elektrischen Antrieb bereitstellen zu können. Sie müssen daher vor Inbetriebnahme des Kraftfahrzeugs bei tiefen Temperaturen vorgeheizt werden, bei hohen Temperaturen abgekühlt und auch bei laufendem Betrieb gekühlt werden. Die hierbei aufzubringenden Energie wird im Rahmen der Erfindung beim Ermitteln der Reichweite berücksichtigt, damit die Reichweite möglichst präzise bestimmt wird; denn der o. g. Energieaufwand ist zumindest bei manchen Temperaturen nicht unbeträchtlich. This is true, for example, if the at least one electrical load also includes means for changing the temperature of an electrochemical energy store (the battery) to operate the electric drive. In this case, the invention is based on the recognition that the main batteries used for electric drives must have a predetermined temperature in order to provide sufficient energy for an electric drive can. They must therefore be preheated before starting the motor vehicle at low temperatures, cooled at high temperatures and also cooled during operation. The energy to be applied in this case is taken into account in determining the range in the context of the invention, so that the range is determined as precisely as possible; because of the o. g. Energy consumption is not inconsiderable at least at some temperatures.
Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist die vorbestimmte Komponente des Kraftfahrzeugs bevorzugt die Batterie selbst. In this embodiment, the predetermined component of the motor vehicle is preferably the battery itself.
Weiterhin trifft die Erkenntnis einer verringerten Reichweite zu, wenn der zumindest eine elektrische Verbraucher eine Vorrichtung zum Befreien einer Fensterscheibe von einem Beschlag (mit Feuchtigkeit etc.) oder einem Belag (mit Eis) umfasst; denn eine Vereisung der Fensterscheibe tritt beispielsweise erst unterhalb einer bestimmten Temperaturgrenze auf. Gegebenenfalls kann zusätzlich die Luftfeuchtigkeit berücksichtigt werden. Die Vorrichtung kann z. B. über ein Heißluftgebläse verfügen, einfach mittels eines Heizdrahtes heizen, oder mit Metalldampf beschichtete und beheizte Scheiben umfassen. Furthermore, the knowledge of a reduced range applies if the at least one electrical consumer comprises a device for clearing a window pane of a fog (with moisture etc.) or a coating (with ice); For an icing of the window, for example, occurs only below a certain temperature limit. Optionally, in addition, the humidity can be considered. The device may, for. B. have a hot air blower, simply heat by means of a heating wire, or with metal vapor coated and heated discs include.
Die Erfindung wird bevorzugt, wie eingangs bereits ausgeführt, bei einem Kraftfahrzeug eingesetzt, das einen elektrischen Antrieb umfasst. As already mentioned, the invention is preferably used in a motor vehicle which comprises an electric drive.
Bei extremeren Umgebungstemperaturen, ob kalt oder warm - noch dazu mit höherer Luftfeuchte und Sonneneinstrahlung und/oder Schadstoffbelastung der Umgebungsluft - kann es notwendig sein, dass mit zusätzlichem Energieeinsatz die Luft im Fahrzeug klimatisch behandelt und/oder von Schadstoffen gereinigt werden muss - und zwar weit über einen reinen Komfortanspruch hinaus gehend, z. B. beim Durchfahren von Smogzonen, oder Transport von temperaturempfindlichen Gegenständen oder Tieren. Bei Nebel, ungünstigen Lichtverhältnissen oder auch wegen gesetzlicher Vorgaben muss mit Beleuchtung gefahren werden. Auch diese zusätzlichen Energieaufwendungen können in eine Reichweitenberechnung mit einfließen. Hier werden dann entsprechende Messdaten zur Außentemperatur benötigt oder zu anderen physikalischen oder chemischen Größen, die bezüglich der Umgebung definiert sind (z.B. Luftfeuchtigkeit, Ozongehalt). Solche Daten können, insbesondere auch über Orte auf einer zu befahrenden (geplanten) Strecke, von einem Wetterdienst drahtlos an das Kraftfahrzeug übermittelt werden. In extreme ambient temperatures, whether cold or warm - even with higher humidity and sunlight and / or pollution of the ambient air - it may be necessary that with additional Energy use the air in the vehicle must be climatically treated and / or cleaned of pollutants - and going well beyond a mere comfort demand, z. B. when driving through smog zones, or transport of temperature-sensitive objects or animals. In fog, unfavorable lighting conditions or due to legal requirements must be driven with lighting. These additional energy costs can also be included in a range calculation. In this case, corresponding external temperature measurement data or other physical or chemical parameters that are defined with regard to the environment (eg air humidity, ozone content) are required. Such data can, in particular also via locations on a (planned) route to be transmitted by a weather service wirelessly to the motor vehicle.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird, da die Temperaturgröße ohnehin gemessen und/oder über Wetterdaten von der zu befahrenden Strecke zur Verfügung steht, im Rahmen der Ermittlung der Reichweite die für ein Bewegen des Kraftfahrzeugs aufzubringende Energie in Abhängigkeit von der entsprechenden Temperaturgröße veranschlagt; denn beispielsweise sind der Rollwiderstand, der innere Reibungswiderstand (z. B. im Antriebsstrang) und auch der Luftwiderstand eines Kraftfahrzeugs abhängig von der Temperatur. In diesem Falle kann das betreffende Bauteil, dessen Temperatur gemessen wird, gleich selbst die vorbestimmte Komponente sein. In a preferred embodiment, since the temperature magnitude is measured anyway and / or is available on the route to be traveled via weather data, the energy to be applied for moving the motor vehicle is estimated as a function of the corresponding temperature variable during the determination of the range; For example, the rolling resistance, the internal friction resistance (eg in the drive train) and also the air resistance of a motor vehicle depend on the temperature. In this case, the component in question whose temperature is being measured may be itself the predetermined component.
Gerade bei tieferen Temperaturen ist zur Überwindung dieser o. g. Widerstände ein höherer Energieverbrauch zu berücksichtigen. Especially at lower temperatures is to overcome this o. G. Resistors to consider a higher energy consumption.
Vorzugsweise wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in einer Alternative vor einem Fahrtantritt durchgeführt. Das Ermitteln der Reichweite dient dann dazu, den Fahrzeugführer zu informieren, ob er eine vorgesehene Fahrt - mit gewünschten Reserven - durchführen kann. Die Reichweite wird typischerweise von (bzw. in) dem Kraftfahrzeug selbst ermittelt und dann drahtlos an eine von dem Fahrzeugführer mitgeführte fahrzeugexterne Einrichtung (z. B. ein intelligentes Mobilfunktelefon), oder eine Infozentrale übermittelt. Alternativ oder zusätzlich wird während der Fahrt zu einem vorbestimmten Ziel der tatsächliche Energieverbrauch kontinuierlich ermittelt, mit dem Inhalt des Energiespeichers verglichen, die Reichweitenberechnung ständig aktualisiert und dem Fahrzeugführer oder anderen Fahrzeuginsassen mitgeteilt, ob das vorbestimmte Ziel mit oder ohne eine vorbestimmte Maßnahme erreichbar ist, wobei insbesondere bei einem Elektrofahrzeug oder bei einem Kraftfahr- zeug mit Hybridantrieb die vorbestimmte Maßnahme im Nachladen einer Batterie des Kraftfahrzeugs bestehen kann. Preferably, the method according to the invention is carried out in an alternative before driving. The determination of the range is then used to inform the driver, whether he can perform a designated trip - with desired reserves. The range is typically determined by (or in) the motor vehicle itself and then transmitted wirelessly to a vehicle-external device (eg, an intelligent mobile radio telephone) carried by the driver, or an information center. Alternatively or additionally, while traveling to a predetermined destination, the actual energy consumption is continuously determined, compared with the contents of the energy storage, the range calculation is constantly updated, and the vehicle driver or other vehicle occupant informed whether the predetermined destination is achievable with or without a predetermined measure especially in the case of an electric vehicle or a motor vehicle with hybrid drive the predetermined measure may consist in recharging a battery of the motor vehicle.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment.
Zum Ermitteln der Reichweite eines Kraftfahrzeugs kann an Techniken aus dem Stand der Technik angeknüpft werden. Beispielsweise kann in ein Navigationssystem des Kraftfahrzeugs ein gewünschtes Ziel eingegeben werden, und das Navigationssystem kann dann die vorgeschlagene Fahrtstrecke ermitteln. Zur vorgeschlagenen Fahrtstrecke sind dann der Höhenverlauf, der Rollwiderstand der Fahrbahn und weitere Komponenten bekannt, z. B. Hindernisse wie Ampeln und Bahnübergänge. Bei der Ermittlung der Reichweite kann zudem berücksichtigt werden, ob der Fahrzeugführer bestimmte Kom- fortwünsche hat, z. B. eine Klimaanlage oder eine Sitzheizung in Betrieb nehmen möchte. Sind die Eigenschaften des Kraftfahrzeugs bekannt, lässt sich dann der Verbrauch an Energie anhand einer Energiebilanz abschätzen. To determine the range of a motor vehicle can be linked to prior art techniques. For example, in a navigation system of the motor vehicle, a desired destination can be entered, and the navigation system can then determine the proposed route. For the proposed route then the altitude, the rolling resistance of the road and other components are known, for. B. obstacles such as traffic lights and railroad crossings. When determining the range, it is also possible to take into account whether the driver has certain comfort requirements, eg. B. would like to put an air conditioner or a seat heating in operation. If the properties of the motor vehicle are known, then the consumption of energy can be estimated on the basis of an energy balance.
Bei der Erfindung wird in der Gesamtenergiebilanz Folgendes berücksichtigt: Es kann sein, dass das Kraftfahrzeug nicht ohne Weiteres betriebsfähig ist. Beispielsweise kann es sein, dass aufgrund einer zu niedrigen Temperatur eine Batterie des Kraftfahrzeugs, wenn es ein Elektrofahrzeug ist, zunächst vorgeheizt werden muss, oder dass sie bei hohen Temperaturen zunächst oder während der gesamten Fahrt gekühlt werden muss. Ebenso muss bei herkömmlichen Fahrzeugen mit Verbrennungskraftmaschine nach einem Kaltstart zusätzliche Energie für die Aufheizung dieses Motors - und zur Überwindung der höheren fahrzeugspezifischen Widerstände - eingesetzt werden, bei heißem Motor kann zusätzliche Energie für eine Kühlung notwendig sein. In the invention, the following is taken into account in the overall energy balance: It may be that the motor vehicle is not readily operable. For example, it may be that due to too low a temperature of a battery of the motor vehicle, if it is an electric vehicle, must first be preheated, or that it must be cooled at high temperatures, first or during the entire journey. Likewise, in conventional vehicles with internal combustion engine after a cold start additional energy for the heating of this engine - and to overcome the higher vehicle-specific resistances - are used in hot engine, additional energy for cooling may be necessary.
Auch kann es sein, dass die Windschutzscheibe und die anderen Scheiben eines Kraftfahrzeugs vereist oder beschlagen sind und aufgeheizt werden müssen, zumindest bei Fahrtantritt und möglicherweise während der gesamten Fahrt. Es kann notwendig sein, dass Energie für Luftreinigungs- und Temperierungssysteme für den Fahrzeuginnenraum benötigt wird. All dieses lässt sich dadurch berechnen, dass die Umgebungsbedingungen (wie z. B. Temperatur, Luftfeuchte, Sonneneinstrahlung oder Schadstoffbelastung der Umgebungsluft) über allgemein verfügbare Wetterdaten erfasst und/oder tatsächlich gemessen werden oder auch über die Temperatur einer vorbestimmten Komponente des Kraftfahrzeugs, wie z. B. der Batterie, der Ver- brennungskraftmaschine, des Getriebes, des gesamten Antriebsstranges oder der Windschutzscheibe selbst. Eine intelligente Einheit im Kraftfahrzeug (Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung) kann dann aufgrund der Messwerte entsprechender Sensoren und/oder der Information über Wetterdaten errech- nen, wie Fahrwiderstände zu berücksichtigen sind und welche elektrischen Verbraucher zur Herstellung/Aufrechterhaltung der Betriebsfähigkeit eines Kraftfahrzeugs aktiviert werden müssen. Die hierbei zu verbrauchende Energie wird bei der Gesamtenergiebilanz und damit bei der Ermittlung der Reichweite durch eine intelligente Einheit, vorzugsweise im Kraftfahrzeug berücksichtigt. Im Hinblick auf den Energieverbrauch - und somit auch auf die Reichweite eines Fahrzeuges - besteht eine Abhängigkeit von bestimmten Parametern, wie z. B. der Temperatur. Diese Abhängigkeit lässt sich bei der Entwicklung eines neuen Fahrzeuges ermitteln und durch Kennfelder in Datenbanken, z. B. in Steuergeräten ablegen. In diesem Fall kann das ent- sprechende Serienfahrzeug schon vom ersten Tage an über diese optimierte Reichweitenberechnung verfügen. Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit, dass erst beim Betrieb eines Fahrzeuges, die Energiemengen jeweils zusätzlich erfasst werden, die über einen normalen Betrieb hinaus benötigt werden, wobei dieser normale Betrieb definiert wird, z. B. durch Vorgaben, wie sie für eine Typprüfung festgelegt sind. Auch diese Daten können beispielsweise in Steuergeräten abgespeichert und - bei gleichen Randbedingungen - wieder für eine intelligente Reichweitenberechnung zugrunde gelegt werden. It may also be that the windshield and the other windows of a motor vehicle are icy or misted and must be heated, at least when driving and possibly during the entire journey. It may be necessary to use energy for air cleaning and temperature control systems for the vehicle interior. All of this can be calculated by the fact that the ambient conditions (such as temperature, humidity, solar radiation or pollution of the ambient air) are recorded and / or actually measured via generally available weather data or also via the temperature of a predetermined component of the motor vehicle, such , For example, the battery, the An intelligent unit in the motor vehicle (data processing device) can then calculate on the basis of the measured values of corresponding sensors and / or the information about weather data, how driving resistances have to be considered and which electrical consumers for the production / Maintaining the operability of a motor vehicle must be activated. The energy to be consumed in this case is taken into account in the overall energy balance and thus in the determination of the range by an intelligent unit, preferably in the motor vehicle. In terms of energy consumption - and thus also on the range of a vehicle - there is a dependency on certain parameters, such. B. the temperature. This dependence can be determined in the development of a new vehicle and by maps in databases, such. B. store in control units. In this case, the corresponding production vehicle can already have this optimized range calculation from day one. But it is also possible that only when operating a vehicle, the amounts of energy are additionally detected in each case, which are needed beyond a normal operation beyond, this normal operation is defined, for. For example, by specifications, as they are set for a type test. These data can also be stored, for example, in control units and - under the same boundary conditions - again be used for an intelligent range calculation.
Durch die Erfindung wird die Reichweite besonders präzise berechenbar. Die ermittelte Reichweite kann bereits lange vor Fahrtantritt dem Kraftfahrzeugführer an ein Mobiltelefon, eine andere mobile Einrichtung, oder eine Infozentrale (vernetzter Rechner) übermittelt werden. Während der Fahrt können entsprechende aktualisierte Reichweitenanzeigen oder Hinweise an den Fahrzeugführer, an andere Insassen im Kraftfahrzeug, oder eine Infozentrale erfolgen. Due to the invention, the range is calculated very precisely. The determined range can be transmitted to the motor vehicle driver long before the journey starts to a mobile phone, another mobile device, or an information center (networked computer). During the journey, corresponding updated range displays or instructions to the vehicle driver, to other occupants in the motor vehicle, or an information center can be made.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: CLAIMS:
1. Verfahren zum Ermitteln der Reichweite eines Kraftfahrzeugs, bei dem als Größe 1. A method for determining the range of a motor vehicle, wherein the size
a) die Temperatur zumindest einer vorbestimmten Komponente des Kraftfahrzeugs und/oder  a) the temperature of at least one predetermined component of the motor vehicle and / or
b) eine sonstige Größe, die den physikalischen oder chemischen Zustand der Komponente erfasst, und/oder  (b) any other quantity which captures the physical or chemical state of the component, and / or
c) eine gemessene oder aus drahtlos übermittelten Wetterdaten bekannte Außentemperatur oder sonstige Umgebungsgröße am Ort des Kraftfahrzeugs und/oder auf einer vorgesehenen Fahrstrecke berücksichtigt werden, und bei dem das von der zumindest einen Größe abhängige Ausmaß an von zumindest einem elektrischen Verbraucher zur Herstellung und/oder Aufrechterhaltung der Betriebsfähigkeit des Kraftfahrzeugs zu verbrauchender Energie bei der Ermittlung der Reichweite berücksichtigt wird.  c) a measured outside or outside ambient temperature known or transmitted from wireless weather data at the location of the motor vehicle and / or on a designated route are taken into account, and in which the dependent on the at least one size of at least one electrical consumer for the production and / or Maintaining the operability of the motor vehicle to be consumed energy is considered in the determination of the range.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , bei dem der zumindest eine elektrische Verbraucher eine Vorrichtung zum Befreien einer Fensterscheibe von einem Beschlag oder Belag umfasst. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one electrical load comprises a device for freeing a window pane of a fitting or covering.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, eingesetzt bei einem Kraftfahrzeug, welches einen elektrischen Antrieb umfasst. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, used in a motor vehicle, which comprises an electric drive.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, bei dem der zumindest eine elektrische Verbraucher eine Einrichtung zum Ändern der Temperatur eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers zum Betreiben des elektrischen Antriebs umfasst. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one electrical load comprises means for changing the temperature of an electrochemical energy store for operating the electric drive.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem im Rahmen der Ermittlung der Reichweite die für eine Bewegen des Kraftfahrzeugs aufzubringende Energie in Abhängigkeit von der gemessenen Temperaturgröße veranschlagt wird. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in the determination of the range, the applied energy for moving the motor vehicle energy is estimated as a function of the measured temperature variable.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, durchgeführt vor einem Fahrtantritt, und bei dem die Reichweite von dem Kraftfahrzeug ermittelt und drahtlos an eine fahrzeugexterne Einrichtung übermittelt wird. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, performed before a journey, and wherein the range is determined by the motor vehicle and transmitted wirelessly to a vehicle external device.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, durchgeführt während der Fahrt zu einem vorbestimmten Ziel, und bei dem einem Fahrzeuginsassen durch eine Signalausgabe des Kraftfahrzeugs mitgeteilt wird, ob das vorbestimmte Ziel mit oder ohne eine vorbestimmte Maßnah- me, insbesondere mit oder ohne das Nachladen einer Batterie des7. The method according to claim 1, carried out while traveling to a predetermined destination, and in which a vehicle occupant is informed by a signal output of the motor vehicle whether the predetermined destination, with or without a predetermined measure, in particular with or without the recharging of a battery of the
Kraftfahrzeugs, erreichbar ist. Motor vehicle is accessible.
EP11735998.4A 2010-10-13 2011-07-16 Method for determining the range of a motor vehicle Ceased EP2627972A1 (en)

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