EP2623413B1 - Verfahren und System zur Bereitstellung des Zugangs zwischen einem schwimmenden Schiff und einer Marinestruktur - Google Patents

Verfahren und System zur Bereitstellung des Zugangs zwischen einem schwimmenden Schiff und einer Marinestruktur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2623413B1
EP2623413B1 EP13153045.3A EP13153045A EP2623413B1 EP 2623413 B1 EP2623413 B1 EP 2623413B1 EP 13153045 A EP13153045 A EP 13153045A EP 2623413 B1 EP2623413 B1 EP 2623413B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bridge
mooring cable
cable
mooring
extendable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP13153045.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2623413A1 (de
Inventor
Arnoldus Martinus Josephus Van Poppel
Rudolf Schreijer
Jan De Vries
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Sea Maester BV
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Sea Maester Bv
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Publication of EP2623413A1 publication Critical patent/EP2623413A1/de
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Publication of EP2623413B1 publication Critical patent/EP2623413B1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/14—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of ramps, gangways or outboard ladders ; Pilot lifts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/14—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of ramps, gangways or outboard ladders ; Pilot lifts
    • B63B2027/141—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of ramps, gangways or outboard ladders ; Pilot lifts telescopically extendable

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a method of providing access between a floating vessel and a landing position of a marine structure.
  • the invention is also directed to a mooring system for providing access between a floating vessel and a landing position of a marine structure.
  • sea structure refers to floating structures and vessels which may be fixed to the sea bed.
  • offshore structures such as an oil or gas rig, wind turbine or the like where maintenance workers need access from time to time or land based structures which are sometimes only accessible from sea, like for example light houses.
  • fixed to the sea bed can mean directly fixed to the sea bed via a base structure or via anchors and the like.
  • vessel can mean any vessel which is employed to carry personnel, equipment and/or fuel to and from the marine structure.
  • safety regulations limit the transfer of personnel from a vessel to a marine structure to times when the sea conditions are within certain parameters, typically to circumstances where the wave height is less than about 0.7m to 1m. The consequence of this is that many working days are lost when wave conditions are such that access to the fixed structure is not possible. This can represent a major expense for those involved in the construction and maintenance of offshore facilities.
  • WO 2002/020343 describes a system is known that is used for achieving a flexible walkway connection between a vessel and an offshore construction.
  • the vessel is provided with a telescopically extendable walkway which at one end is movably mounted on the vessel around two shafts.
  • a coupling device is provided, which is made in such a way that it can be coupled to a substantially vertically pointing grip bar connected to the offshore construction. While mooring, the vessel is manoeuvred to a suitable starting position in relation to the grip bar.
  • the walkway is aimed towards the middle part of the grip bar by means of a suitable swivel movement and the walkway is extended until the coupling device encompasses the grip bar. Then, the coupling device's two hydraulically controlled coupling jaws - which can move towards each other from an open position - are closed.
  • a disadvantage of the system of WO 2002/020343 is that the coupling procedure can sometimes be somewhat cumbersome, especially during stormy weather. The forces that are generated at the moment that the arm hits the grip rod, are very hard to control under these circumstances.
  • WO 2009/048323 describes a similar system as in WO 2002/020343 in that the coupling is now achieved by swivelling an arm from the floating vessel and grabbing a vertically positioned mooring cable running from an upper position on the offshore structure and a lower point of the offshore structure at some distance above the sea level.
  • the walkway is coupled by means of a coupling device which rest on a support beam which is part of the offshore structure.
  • a disadvantage of this system is that the swivelling operation is cumbersome and requires some precision when performed in order to avoid that the swivelling arm collides with other parts of the offshore structure.
  • WO 2006/013342 describes a method wherein an extendable gangway is extended from a vessel to a marine structure using a guide wire.
  • the guide wire connects the marine structure and the vessel and is held at a constant tension.
  • the gangway is in place it is connected to the marine structure by means of a mounting means which allow the gangway to move relative to the marine structure.
  • a disadvantage of using a guide wire as in WO 2006/013342 is that the weight of the gangway rests on said wire thereby risking that this wire breaks. For this reason the gangway of WO 2006/013342 is provided with inflatable members such that in case of failure of the guide wire the gangway will float thereby providing safe refuge for personnel.
  • Another disadvantage is that when extending the gangway towards the marine structure the weight of the gangway will cause the wire to bend. This will result in a less efficient guiding of the gangway. In a worst case the gangway cannot move forward due to a resulting deep dip in the wire caused by the weight of the gangway.
  • WO 2010/147478 describes a method of providing access between a floating vessel and a landing position of a marine structure where a mooring cable is fished up from a buoy and attached to the vessel.
  • a mooring cable is fished up from a buoy and attached to the vessel.
  • the free end of the gangway is arranged in an opening in the landing platform.
  • the continuous press force is achieved by insertion and withdrawal of the telescopic parts of the gangway.
  • a disadvantage of the method of WO 2010/147478 is the use of a guide wire as explained above.
  • the continuous press force which is required in this technology on the bridge parts will require more robust hydraulics.
  • the robust hydraulics will in turn result in a heavier gangway construction.
  • This heavier gangway will only increase the problem of the guide wire to bend under the weight of the gangway.
  • the continuous push force of the bridge will also require that the thrusters of the vessel will have to continuous work against this force in order to keep the ship in position. This may result in unacceptable high fuel consumption.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method of providing access between a floating vessel and a landing position of a marine structure which is simpler to perform, which can be performed under stormy conditions and is easily disconnected in case of an emergency.
  • the mooring cable hoists the extendable bridge to the landing position. This is advantageous over using a guide wire because the weight of the bridge does not press the wire downwards. Another advantage is that no specially trained operators are required to moor the bridge to the landing position.
  • the telescopically extendable bridge may comprise a number of bridge parts which can move relative to each other and preferably at least two bridge parts.
  • the telescopic movement of the bridge parts is suitably achieved by using hydraulics as is well known to the skilled person. These hydraulics will be referred to as bridge part hydraulics.
  • the bridge is fixed at its fixed end to the vessel, either directly or via a platform or the like. A suitable position is the flat work deck of an offshore support vessel.
  • the bridge suitably has a pivotal attachment near or at its fixed end for pivotal movement along a horizontal by means of one or more hydraulic luffing cylinders and the bridge has a pivotal attachment near or at its fixed end for pivotal movement along a vertical by means of slewing hydraulics.
  • the bridge may suitably extend somewhat in a direction opposite the extendable part to provide some balancing weight. The balancing will suitably not exceed the weight of the opposite positioned bridge parts, more preferably not exceed the weight of the bridge parts in their extended position.
  • step (d) the bridge part hydraulics, the hydraulic luffing cylinders and the slewing hydraulics are suitably relieved of pressure in a gradual manner.
  • step (e) the hydraulic luffing cylinders and the slewing hydraulics are preferably relieved of pressure while the bridge part hydraulics are preferably kept under a low pressure to damp the relative movement of the vessel relative to the marine structure.
  • Relieving the pressure of the hydraulic luffing cylinders and the slewing hydraulics enables the hydraulics to move more freely and compensate for the movement of the vessel relative to the marine structure.
  • the bridge may move pivotal along the horizontal axis and vertical axis. In the direction of the telescopically bridge the movement is suitably somewhat dampened. More preferably the pressure in these hydraulics is, suitably gradually, relieved when the bridge and the vessel are in position and when the force on the mooring cable exceeds a certain predetermined pull force in step (d).
  • the telescopically extendable bridge comprises of two bridge parts wherein the extendable bridge part can extend to a maximum extension.
  • the actual extension of the two bridge parts is kept between an inner arid outer limit of the maximum possible extension. This provides a buffer along which the bridge parts can move to compensate for the relative movement of the vessel with respect to the marine structure.
  • step (e) a constant force is suitably maintained on the mooring cable by the winch.
  • This force is suitably reduced to a minimum such to maintain a connection.
  • This force will hold the bridge in position at the landing position.
  • the mooring cable is suitably designed such that in case of emergency the cable will break when the vessel moves away from the marine structure.
  • the winch and mooring cable is provided with a gross overload protection (GOP).
  • GEP gross overload protection
  • the end of the bridge is kept at the landing position by means of the pull force of the mooring cable.
  • a safety connection which may be a steel cable or the like, which in case the mooring cable fails will keep the bridge at the landing position.
  • Such a safety coupling may also be by means of a magnetic force between bridge and landing position.
  • the floating vessel is suitably kept in position in steps (a)-(e) by means of dynamic positioning or by means of a two point mooring.
  • Dynamic positioning is well known and may for example be achieved by using thrusters in combination with satellite navigation.
  • Two point mooring may be achieved by means of an anchor mooring at the bow of the vessel while the bridge is deployed from the stern of the vessel.
  • the mooring cable may be a cable having two loose ends or a cable in the form of a closed loop. In case the mooring cable has two loose ends it is preferred that the parts being picked up in step (b) are the two loose ends.
  • the mooring cable is a closed loop one part is attached to the bridge in step (c) and another part is fixed to the winch.
  • the mooring cable may be lowered from the marine structure, for example by means of a crane or may be fixed to a buoy to be fished up in step (b).
  • the mooring cable is detached from a buoy.
  • the buoy is suitably anchored to the sea bed and has fixing means to fixe the two loose ends of the mooring cable. Detaching a mooring cable from a buoy and fishing up the parts of the mooring cable is a well known operation which can be performed under a wide range of sea conditions.
  • step (c) the loose end of the mooring cable is attached to the extendable end of the telescopically extendable bridge via a first cable part, also referred to as pendant.
  • This first cable part is fixed at one end to the extendable end and which other end is connected to the loose end of the mooring cable.
  • the use this extra cable part which is initially fixed to the free end of the bridge is advantageous because it enables one to connect the mooring cable to the free end of the bridge without having to attach the loose end of the mooring cable to the free end of the bridge. This latter operation might be cumbersome, especially at high wave conditions.
  • step (c) the second loose end of the mooring cable is suitably fixed to the winch via a second cable part, which second cable part is fixed to the winch at one end and which other end is connected to the second loose end of the mooring cable.
  • Non-moving means to guide the mooring cable at the landing position are also suited. Examples are bollard type structures, preferably having some sort of security to avoid the mooring cable to disconnect.
  • the invention is also directed to a mooring system for providing access between a floating vessel and a landing position of a marine structure comprising
  • one part of the mooring cable is attached to the extendable end of the bridge and one part of the mooring cable is attached to the winch. See also above.
  • the preferred telescopically extendable bridge of the mooring system comprises at least two bridge parts which can move telescopically relative to each other by means of bridge part hydraulics.
  • the bridge has a pivotal attachment near or at its fixed end for pivotal movement along a horizontal by means of one or more hydraulic luffing cylinders.
  • the bridge has a pivotal attachment near or at its fixed end for pivotal movement along a vertical by means of slewing hydraulics. More preferably the telescopically extendable bridge comprises of two bridge parts.
  • the preferred winch of the mooring system has a control to maintain a constant force on the mooring cable.
  • the mooring cable is provided with a gross overload protection (GOP) such that in case of emergency the cable will disconnect from the winch when the vessel moves away from the marine structure.
  • GIP gross overload protection
  • the preferred floating vessel of the mooring system is provided with a dynamic positioning system.
  • the mooring cable may be a cable having two loose ends or a cable in the form of a closed loop.
  • the mooring cable may be lowered from the marine structure, for example by means of a crane or the parts of the mooring cable may be fixed to a buoy to be fished up.
  • step (b) the mooring cable is fixed to a buoy it may be picked up in step (b) by detaching the cable from the buoy.
  • the mooring cable may be a cable having two loose ends or a cable in the form of a closed loop.
  • a mooring cable in the form of a closed loop suitably has connections operable for connecting with the winch and the end of the bridge.
  • one loose end of the mooring cable is suitably attached to the extendable end of the telescopically extendable bridge via a first cable part which first cable part is fixed at one end to the extendable end and which other end is connected to the loose end of the mooring cable.
  • the second loose end of the mooring cable is fixed to the winch via a second cable part, which second cable part is fixed to the winch at one end and which other end is connected to the second loose end of the mooring cable.
  • the mooring cable runs via a pulley or a bollard at the landing position.
  • the above mooring system is preferably used in the above method according to the invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Verfahren zur Bereitstellung des Zugangs zwischen einem schwimmenden Schiff (2) und einer Landeposition (3) einer Marinestruktur (4) durch Durchführen der folgenden Schritte:
    (a) Positionieren des Schiffes (2) neben der Marinestruktur (4),
    (b) Aufnehmen von zwei Teilen einer Vertäuungsleine (6), wobei sich die Teile der Vertäuungsleine (6) von der Marinestruktur (4) erstrecken und wobei das Zwischenteil der Vertäuungsleine (6), das die zwei Teile verbindet, frei über eine Position an der Landeposition (3) der Marinestruktur (4) laufen kann,
    (c) Befestigen eines Teils der Vertäuungsleine an dem ausfahrbaren Ende (15) einer teleskopartig ausfahrbaren Brücke (13), wobei die Brücke (13) an oder in Nähe ihres anderen Endes an dem schwimmenden Schiff (2) befestigt ist, und Befestigen des zweiten Teils der Vertäuungsleine (6) an einer Winde (12), die an dem schwimmenden Schiff (2) befestigt wird,
    (d) Einholen der Winde (12), sodass das ausfahrbare Ende (15) der Brücke (13) in Richtung der Landeposition (3) gezogen wird, bis das ausfahrbare Ende (15) der Brücke (13) die Landeposition (3) erreicht, und
    (e) Aufrechterhalten einer Zugkraft auf die Vertäuungsleine (6), sodass das ausfahrbare Ende (15) der Brücke (13) an der Landeposition (3) angeordnet bleibt, wodurch ein sicherer Zugang zwischen dem schwimmenden Schiff (2) und der Marinestruktur (4) ermöglicht wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die teleskopartig ausfahrbare Brücke (13) mindestens zwei Brückenteile (17, 18) umfasst, die sich mittels einer Brückenteilhydraulik teleskopartig zueinander bewegen können, wobei die Brücke (13) eine Schwenkbefestigung in der Nähe oder an ihrem ortsfesten Ende zum Schwenken entlang einer Horizontalen mittels einer oder mehrerer Hydraulikkippzylinder aufweist und wobei die Brücke (13) eine Schwenkbefestigung in der Nähe oder an ihrem ortsfesten Ende zur Schwenkbewegung entlang einer Vertikalen mittels einer Schwenkhydraulik aufweist und wobei die Brückenteilhydraulik und die Hydraulikkippzylinder in Schritt (e) eine Druckentlastung durchlaufen.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Brückenteilhydraulik eine geringe Zugkraft auf die Brückenteile (17, 18) in Schritt (e) ausübt.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei in Schritt (e) die Winde (12) eine konstante Kraft auf die Vertäuungsleine (6) aufrecht erhält.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Vertäuungsleine (6) mit einer großenÜberlastsicherung (GOP) bereitgestellt ist.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei das schwimmende Schiff (2) in den Schritten (a) bis (e) durch dynamische Positionierung oder durch Zweipunktvertäuung in seiner Position gehalten wird.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei in Schritt (b) die Vertäuungsleine (6) durch Lösen der Vertäuungsleine (6) von einer Boje (9) aufgenommen wird.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei die Teile der Vertäuungsleine (6) zwei lose Enden (7, 8) der Vertäuungsleine (6) sind und wobei in Schritt (c) das lose Ende (7) der Vertäuungsleine (6) mit dem ausfahrbaren Ende (15) der teleskopisch ausfahrbaren Brücke (13) über einen ersten Leinenteil (14) befestigt ist, wobei der erste Leinenteil (14) an einem Ende an dem ausfahrbaren Ende (15) befestigt wird und wobei das andere Ende mit dem losen Ende (7) der Vertäuungsleine (6) verbunden ist.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die Teile der Vertäuungsleine (6) zwei lose Enden (7, 8) der Vertäuungsleine (6) sind und wobei in Schritt (c) das zweite lose Ende (8) der Vertäuungsleine (6) an der Winde (12) über ein zweites Leinenteil (16) fixiert ist, wobei das zweite Leinenteil (16) an der Winde (12) an einem Ende fixiert ist und wobei das andere Ende mit dem zweiten losen Ende (8) der Vertäuungsleine (6) verbunden ist.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei die Vertäuungsleine (6) über eine Riemenscheibe oder einen Poller (3a) an der Landeposition (3) läuft.
  11. Vertäuungssystem (1) zur Bereitstellung des Zugangs zwischen einem schwimmenden Schiff (2) und einer Landeposition (3) einer Marinestruktur (4), umfassend:
    (i) eine Marinestruktur (4) mit einer Landeposition (3) in einer Höhe über dem Wasserspiegel (5), eine Vertäuungsleine (6), die sich von der Marinestruktur (4) erstreckt, wobei die Vertäuungsleine (6) zwei Teile aufweist, die in einigem Abstand von der Marinestruktur (4) positioniert sind und wobei ein Zwischenteil der Vertäuungsleine (6), der die zwei Teile verbindet, frei über eine Stelle an der Landeposition (3) verläuft und
    (ii) ein schwimmendes Schiff (2), umfassend eine Winde (12) und eine teleskopisch ausfahrbare Brücke (13), die an dem Schiff (2) an einem Ende der Brücke (13) befestigt ist und mit einem Verbindungsmittel für eine Leine an dem ausfahrbaren Ende (15) der Brücke (13) bereitgestellt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Teile der Vertäuungsleine (6) zwei lose Enden (7, 8) der Vertäuungsleine (6) sind, wobei ein loses Ende (7) der Vertäuungsleine (6) an dem ausfahrbaren Ende (15) der teleskopisch ausfahrbaren Brücke (13) über einen ersten Leinenteil (14) befestigt ist, wobei der erste Leinenteil (14) mit einem Ende des ausfahrbaren Endes (15) befestigt wird und das andere Ende mit dem losen Ende (7) der Vertäuungsleine (6) verbunden ist und wobei das zweite lose Ende (8) der Vertäuungsleine (6) über einen zweiten Leinenteil (16) an der Winde (12) befestigt wird, wobei der zweite Leinenteil (16) an einem Ende an der Winde (12) befestigt wird und wobei das andere Ende mit dem zweiten losen Ende (8) der Vertäuungsleine (6) verbunden ist.
  12. Vertäuungssystem nach Anspruch 11, wobei die teleskopartig ausfahrbare Brücke (13) mindestens zwei Brückenteile (17, 18) umfasst, die sich mittels einer Brückenteilhydraulik teleskopartig zueinander bewegen können, wobei die Brücke (13) eine Schwenkbefestigung in der Nähe oder an ihrem ortsfesten Ende zum Schwenken entlang einer Horizontalen mittels einer oder mehrerer Hydraulikkippzylinder aufweist und wobei die Brücke (13) eine Schwenkbefestigung in der Nähe oder an ihrem ortsfesten Ende zur
    Schwenkbewegung entlang einer Vertikalen mittels einer Schwenkhydraulik aufweist.
  13. Vertäuungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 12, wobei ein Teil der Vertäuungsleine (6) an dem ausfahrbaren Ende (15) der Brücke (13) und ein anderer Teil der Vertäuungsleine 6 an der Winde (12) befestigt ist und wobei die Vertäuungsleine (6) aus einer geschlossenen Schleife besteht.
EP13153045.3A 2012-01-31 2013-01-29 Verfahren und System zur Bereitstellung des Zugangs zwischen einem schwimmenden Schiff und einer Marinestruktur Not-in-force EP2623413B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2008207A NL2008207C2 (en) 2012-01-31 2012-01-31 A method of providing access between a floating vessel and a marine structure.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2623413A1 EP2623413A1 (de) 2013-08-07
EP2623413B1 true EP2623413B1 (de) 2016-08-31

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EP13153045.3A Not-in-force EP2623413B1 (de) 2012-01-31 2013-01-29 Verfahren und System zur Bereitstellung des Zugangs zwischen einem schwimmenden Schiff und einer Marinestruktur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2623413B1 (de)
DK (1) DK2623413T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2605460T3 (de)
NL (1) NL2008207C2 (de)
PT (1) PT2623413T (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL2012069C2 (en) * 2014-01-09 2015-07-13 Ampelmann Operations B V A vessel, a motion platform, a control system, a method for compensating motions of a vessel and a computer program product.
NO338076B1 (no) * 2014-11-28 2016-07-25 Cefront Tech As Back-up fortøyningsarrangement
NO337449B1 (no) * 2014-12-18 2016-04-18 Marine Aluminium As Styringssystem og framgangsmåte for landing av et endeparti av et fritt utragende, langstrakt element, samt anvendelse av en bildeprosessor til generering av styringsparametere for styre-systemet

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2465640A1 (fr) * 1979-09-20 1981-03-27 Chambon Cie Ste Gle Remorq Tra Dispositif de coupee souple retractile destine aux transbordements de personnel
NL1016111C2 (nl) 2000-09-06 2002-03-07 P & R Systems Werkwijze voor het betreden van een in zee geplaatste paal, alsmede daarbij te gebruiken inrichting.
GB0417279D0 (en) * 2003-11-10 2004-09-01 Engineering Business Ltd Access methods and apparatus
EP1781536B1 (de) * 2004-08-03 2008-11-12 IHC Engineering Business Limited Zugangsverfahren zwischen schiffskonstruktionen und gerät
NL1034492C2 (nl) 2007-10-09 2009-04-14 P & R Systems Afmeersysteem voor het afmeren van een vaartuig aan een afmeerkabel die bevestigd is aan een offshore constructie.
NO330279B1 (no) * 2009-06-15 2011-03-21 Brothers As Anordning og fremgangsmate for overforing av mannskap og personell mellom marine fartoy og offshorekonstruksjoner

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DK2623413T3 (en) 2016-12-19
ES2605460T3 (es) 2017-03-14
PT2623413T (pt) 2016-12-02
NL2008207C2 (en) 2013-08-01
EP2623413A1 (de) 2013-08-07

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