EP2622614B1 - Dispositif et procédé pour réduire une composante de flux magnétique continu dans le noyau d'un transformateur - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé pour réduire une composante de flux magnétique continu dans le noyau d'un transformateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2622614B1
EP2622614B1 EP10760331.8A EP10760331A EP2622614B1 EP 2622614 B1 EP2622614 B1 EP 2622614B1 EP 10760331 A EP10760331 A EP 10760331A EP 2622614 B1 EP2622614 B1 EP 2622614B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
current
switching unit
compensation winding
transformer
compensation
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EP10760331.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2622614A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Hamberger
Albert Leikermoser
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/38—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F7/00—Regulating magnetic variables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/33—Arrangements for noise damping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/42—Circuits specially adapted for the purpose of modifying, or compensating for, electric characteristics of transformers, reactors, or choke coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H01F2029/143—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias with control winding for generating magnetic bias

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for reducing a magnetic DC component in the core of a transformer, with a measuring device which provides a sensor signal corresponding to the magnetic DC component, with a compensation winding which is magnetically coupled to the core of the transformer with a switching unit which is electrically arranged in a current path in series with the compensation winding for feeding into the compensation winding a current whose effect is opposite to the DC component, the switching unit being controllable by means of a manipulated variable provided by a control device; Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for converting a transformer.
  • DC supply hereinafter also referred to as DC component
  • GIC Garnier Induced Currents
  • a DC component in the core of the transformer results in a DC component, which is superimposed on the AC flux.
  • Even a DC of a few amps can cause a local heating in the transformer, which can affect the life of the winding insulation.
  • Another undesirable effect is an increased noise emission during operation of the transformer. This is especially troublesome when the transformer is installed near a living area.
  • a semiconductor switching unit by means of which in a compensation winding of a transformer for the purpose of DC minimization, a compensation current is fed.
  • a control device with independent power source From a control device with independent power source, a controllable frequency for the current flow duration of the semiconductor switch (MOSFET) is specified.
  • the electrical energy for generating the compensation current is taken from a capacitor which is charged cyclically via the freewheeling circuit of the MOSFET.
  • a capacitor is not desirable as energy storage for reasons of reliability and because of the desired low-maintenance long-term operation.
  • the invention is based on the idea to use the voltage induced in the compensation winding voltage and to use for the compensation of the disturbing magnetic DC component.
  • a compensation current is generated by means of an electronic switching unit, wherein the switching-on of the switching unit is synchronized with the network and according to a predetermined switching strategy.
  • the switch-on time is triggered by the phase of the voltage induced in the compensation winding, and the switch-on time depends on a sensor signal provided by a measuring device. In this way, a sinusoidally pulsating direct current is fed into the compensation winding whose size is limited by a current-limiting device.
  • An energy source that is a battery or a capacitor, is not required for the generation of this pulsating direct current.
  • the current flow duration of this pulsating direct current can be set in a simple manner and very precisely in accordance with the supplied sensor signal, which predetermines the direction and magnitude of the DC component to be compensated.
  • the device can be realized with comparatively simple means. Both discrete and or programmable devices can be used and are commercially available.
  • the control device consists essentially of two function blocks, a phase detector and a timer.
  • the phase detector detects the zero crossing of the voltage induced in the compensation winding and supplies the trigger signal for the switch-on time of the time interval whose duration is predetermined in accordance with the sensor signal.
  • Another protective measure for protecting the switching device against inductive voltage peaks may be that an overvoltage protection is provided in parallel with the series connection of inductance and switching unit in a parallel circuit branch.
  • the switching unit is formed from at least one thyristor.
  • the advantage of using a thyristor is first that a thyristor with a current pulse "ignited", that can be brought into the conductive state. During the positive half-wave of the mains voltage, the thyristor has the property of a diode until the next current zero crossing. The end of the current flow time is effected by the thyristor itself by the holding current is exceeded and the thyristor automatically "clears", that is, goes into the non-conductive state.
  • GTO gallium arse
  • IGBT transistors IGBT transistors
  • the switching unit and the control device are arranged outside the boiler of a transformer.
  • the entire electronic circuit is thus accessible from the outside for inspection and maintenance.
  • a very particularly preferred embodiment of the invention can consist in that the measuring device for detecting the magnetic DC component comprises a magnetic shunt part with a sensor coil.
  • the shunt part is connected to the core of the transformer e.g. is disposed adjacent to a leg or yoke to bypass a portion of the magnetic flux. From this, guided in the shunt magnetic flux can be obtained by means of a sensor coil very easily a long-term stable sensor signal, which if necessary after a signal processing the DC component shares very well.
  • the measurement result is largely free of drift and for long-term stability. Since this detector consists essentially of the shunt part and the sensor coil arranged thereon, it has a high reliability.
  • the object stated in the introduction is also achieved by a method which is characterized in that the switch-on time of the switching unit is synchronous with the voltage induced in the compensation winding and in accordance with a sensor signal, wherein the sensor signal from a measuring device for detecting the magnetic DC component of the Control device is supplied.
  • the method can be implemented very simply with a few components.
  • the switching unit is controlled with a manipulated variable which is predetermined by a timer present in the control device, the timer being triggered by a phase detector which detects the phase of the voltage induced in the compensation winding.
  • the timer may be a discrete device, or part of a digital circuit. It may be advantageous if the manipulated variable is the result of an arithmetic operation of a microprocessor.
  • the microprocessor can be used at the same time for signal processing of the sensor signal.
  • the switching unit is driven so that in the compensation winding, a pulsating direct current is fed.
  • a pulsating direct current is fed.
  • a method for converting a transformer is given to achieve the above object.
  • the device according to the invention, or the method according to the invention can also be used advantageously in already operating transformers.
  • the effort is very low.
  • a conversion is particularly easy if a already arranged in the transformer tank compensation winding according to the present invention can be used. In this case, the transformer tank does not need to be opened, but the device according to the invention can only be connected to the already led out terminals of the compensation winding.
  • the FIG. 1 shows a device 1 according to an embodiment of the invention in a simplified representation.
  • the device 1 consists essentially of a circuit arrangement which is connected via the terminals K1 and K2 to a compensation winding arrangement K.
  • the Compensation winding assembly K is housed in the transformer tank 12 and magnetically coupled to the core 4 of the transformer. It usually consists only of a winding with few turns, which is wound for example around a leg or a yoke part of the transformer. From the compensation winding K in the transformer tank 12, the terminals at the terminals K1 and K2 are led out into the outer space 13.
  • an electrical voltage is induced in the compensation winding K, which is used according to the invention to combat the disturbing DC component of the magnetic flux in the core 4. This is done by network-controlled switching a switching unit T.
  • the terminals K1 and K2 of the compensation winding K are connected to a control device 2.
  • the control device 2 consists essentially of a phase detector P and a timer TS.
  • the phase detector P for example a zero-crossing detector, derives from the induced voltage a trigger signal 8, which is fed to a timer TS.
  • the control device 2 on the output side a manipulated variable 9 ready, which is fed to an electronic switching unit T.
  • the switching unit T is in a current path 3 in series with the compensation winding K and in series with an inductance L.
  • the inductance L is so dimensioned that when switching the switching unit T flowing in a current direction, sinusoidally pulsating current waveform in the compensation winding K is fed.
  • a fuse Si is provided for the purpose of current limitation.
  • This fuse Si is in FIG. 1 placed between the terminal K1 and a switch S.
  • the switch S serves to close or disconnect the current path 3.
  • the switching of the electronic switching unit T is carried out in phase synchronism with the voltage in the compensation winding K and according to a predetermined switching strategy. That is, depending on the size and direction of the compensation current to be introduced, the switch-on time is controlled by means of the controlled by the phase detector P timer TS according to a functional relationship explained in more detail below such that the resulting arithmetic mean of the pulsating current in the compensation winding K by its effect the disturbing DC Reduced share or this fully compensated.
  • the information regarding size and direction of the DC field component to be compensated in the core 4 is obtained by the control device 2 from a measuring device 7 for measuring the DC component.
  • This provides the sensor signal 6, which is supplied to the control device 2.
  • the measuring device 7 operates according to the above-quoted measuring principle of the magnetic bypass ( PCT / EP2010 / 054857 ). That is, it consists essentially of a magnetic shunt portion disposed on the core to conduct a portion of the magnetic flux in a bypass, from which then, for example, a sensor coil arranged at the shunt portion in connection with signal conditioning the DC component can be determined.
  • Thyristors are particularly suitable as a switch for the switching unit T, as they inherently go on reaching the de-energized state, more precisely, when falling below the so-called holding current, by itself again in the non-conductive state.
  • the switching-on time is predetermined by the signal 9 and takes place synchronously to the network, and by turning off the switching unit T is performed at zero crossing of the current, the arithmetic mean of the compensation current I GL is very precisely adjusted by the manipulated variable x and the manipulated variable signal 9.
  • FIG. 2 shows the time course of the voltage induced in the compensation winding K 10 and the predetermined by the switching strategy according to the invention pulsating DC 11 (compensation current I GL ).
  • the compensation current I GL has the form of juxtaposed sinusoidal half-waves 18 which are interrupted by current gaps 17, each half-wave 18 being symmetrical to half the period T / 2 of the induced voltage 10.
  • the switch-on 14 is set as described above in synchronism with the network and in accordance with the manipulated variable 9. The synchronization point for switching on is in FIG.
  • the inductance L By appropriate choice of the inductance L follows after switching through the switching unit T, the current in current path 3 the integral of the electrical voltage 10, that is, it has at the zero crossing of the electrical voltage 10 its maximum value and then stops again , When the compensation current 11 is almost zero, the switching unit T, eg a thyristor, transitions to the non-conductive state.
  • the current flow time 16 is determined by the manipulated variable 9 or by the deletion of the thyristor.
  • Each half-waves 18 follows a current gaps 17th
  • a compensation current I GL in both directions is in FIG. 1 in a broken line, a second switching unit T 'indicated.
  • the two switching units T and T ' can be, for example, two anti-parallel connected thyristors.
  • FIG. 3 There is a non-linear relationship between the generated compensation current I GL and the manipulated variable x FIG. 3 is shown graphically and explained in more detail below:
  • I GL I MAX ⁇ T ⁇ sin 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ t T - 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ t ⁇ cos 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ t T ⁇ , T
  • I GW I MAX ⁇ T ⁇ sin 4 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ t T - 4 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ t 2 ⁇ ⁇ T ⁇ 2
  • I OW I MAX ⁇ cos k ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 + k ⁇ sin 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ t ⁇ k - 1 T - k - 1 ⁇ sin 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ t ⁇ k + 1 T k ⁇ k 2 - 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2
  • FIG. 3 shows the functional relationship between the compensation current I GL (based on the maximum achievable compensation current I MAX at 100 percent) as a function of the manipulated variable according to equation (4).
  • the control device determines according to the above illustration or the in FIG FIG. 3 shown relationship, the manipulated variable x required for compensation (signal 9).
  • the thermal load of the winding and the disturbing emission be reduced by noises.
  • the above-described electronic circuit can be constructed floating. As a result, no insulation problems occur even in the application of high mains voltages.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Protection Of Transformers (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Dispositif pour réduire une composante de flux magnétique continu dans le noyau d'un transformateur, comprenant:
    - un dispositif de mesure (7), qui produit un signal de détecteur (6) correspondant à la composante de flux magnétique continu,
    - un enroulement de compensation (K), qui est couplé magnétiquement au noyau (4) du transformateur,
    - une unité de commutation (T), qui est électriquement montée dans un chemin de courant (3) en série avec l'enroulement de compensation (K), afin d'introduire dans l'enroulement de compensation (K) un courant, dont l'action est opposée à la composante de flux continu, l'unité de commutation (T) pouvant être commandée au moyen d'une grandeur de réglage (9) mise à disposition produite par un dispositif de commande (2),
    caractérisé en ce que
    - l'unité de commutation (T) peut être commutée dans un état conducteur pendant un intervalle de temps prédéterminable (16), dont l'instant d'enclenchement (14) se produit en synchronisme avec le réseau, c'est-à-dire en synchronisme de phase avec la tension dans l'enroulement de compensation (K) et en fonction de la grandeur de réglage (9),
    - il est prévu un dispositif pour la limitation du courant (L) dans le chemin de courant (3),
    - le dispositif de commande (2) comprend un dispositif (P) pour détecter la phase de la tension dans l'enroulement de compensation (K) et un dispositif de temporisation (TS) déclenché par celui-ci pour définir l'intervalle de temps (16), et
    - le signal de détecteur (6) est envoyé au dispositif de commande (2).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif pour la limitation du courant est formé par une inductance (L) montée dans le chemin de courant (3) en série avec l'enroulement de compensation (K) et l'unité de commutation (T).
  3. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de commutation (T) est commandée de telle manière que le courant (IGL) circulant dans le chemin de courant (3) soit un courant continu pulsé et déclenche l'unité de commutation (T), lorsque le courant (IGL) dans le chemin de courant (3) est nul ou quasiment nul.
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le courant continu pulsé (IGL) est formé par des demi-ondes se répétant périodiquement (18) et par des absences de courant (17) reliant des demi-ondes voisines (18).
  5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de commutation (T) est formée par au moins un commutateur à semi-conducteur, de préférence par au moins un thyristor, GTO ou IGBT.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de commutation (T) est formée par deux thyristors en montage antiparallèle.
  7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un fusible (Si) et un interrupteur (S) sont disposés dans le chemin de courant (3).
  8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de mesure (7) destiné à détecter la composante de flux magnétique continu comprend une pièce dé dérivation magnétique avec une bobine de détecteur, la pièce de dérivation magnétique étant disposée sur le noyau du transformateur, afin de conduire une partie du flux magnétique comme bipasse, et le signal de détecteur est déduit de la tension induite dans la bobine de détecteur ou est formé par celle-ci.
  9. Procédé pour réduire une composante de flux magnétique continu dans le noyau d'un transformateur, dans lequel on introduit dans un enroulement de compensation (K) couplé au noyau (4), au moyen d'une unité de commutation (T) qui est commandée par un dispositif de commande (2), un courant de compensation (IGL), dont l'action est opposée à la composante de flux continu dans le noyau, l'unité de commutation (T) étant disposée dans un chemin de courant (3) en série avec l'enroulement de compensation (K), dans lequel on limite le courant circulant dans le chemin de courant (3) au moyen d'un dispositif de limitation du courant (L), dans lequel
    - on enclenche l'unité de commutation (T) à un instant d'enclenchement (14) en synchronisme avec la tension induite dans l'enroulement de compensation (K) et en fonction d'un signal de détecteur (6),
    - on commande l'unité de commutation (T) avec une grandeur de réglage (9), qui est prédéterminée par un organe de temporisation (TS) présent dans le dispositif de commande (2), dans lequel on déclenche l'organe de temporisation (TS) par un détecteur de phase (P), qui détecte la phase de la tension induite dans l'enroulement de compensation (K), et
    - on produit le signal de détecteur (6) par un dispositif de mesure (7) destiné à détecter la composante de flux magnétique continu et on l'envoie au dispositif de commande (2).
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de limitation du courant est formé par une inductance (L) montée dans le chemin de courant (3) en série avec l'enroulement de compensation (K) et l'unité de commutation (T).
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que l'on commande l'unité de commutation (T) avec une grandeur de réglage (9), qui est prédéfinie par un organe de temporisation (TS) présent dans le dispositif de commande (2), dans lequel on déclenche l'organe de temporisation (TS) au moyen d'un détecteur de phase (P), qui détecte la phase de la tension induite dans l'enroulement de compensation (K).
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 9, 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que l'on commande l'unité de commutation (T) de façon à introduire dans l'enroulement de compensation (K) un courant continu pulsé (11).
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le courant continu pulsé (11) est formé par des demi-ondes sinusoïdales se répétant périodiquement (18) et des absences de courant (17) situées entre celles-ci.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que l'on déclenche l'unité de commutation (T) à la fin d'une demi-onde dans un état sans courant ou quasiment sans courant.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 14, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de commutation (T) comprend au moins un thyristor et le déclenchement est prédéterminé par le franchissement vers le bas du courant de maintien dudit au moins un thyristor.
  16. Procédé pour ré-équiper un transformateur, dans lequel un enroulement de compensation (K) magnétiquement couplé au noyau (4) du transformateur est relié à un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 ou on met en oeuvre le procédé défini dans les revendications 9 à 15 en relation avec l'enroulement de compensation (K).
EP10760331.8A 2010-09-29 2010-09-29 Dispositif et procédé pour réduire une composante de flux magnétique continu dans le noyau d'un transformateur Active EP2622614B1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2010/064397 WO2012041368A1 (fr) 2010-09-29 2010-09-29 Dispositif et procédé pour réduire une composante de flux magnétique continu dans le noyau d'un transformateur

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EP2622614A1 EP2622614A1 (fr) 2013-08-07
EP2622614B1 true EP2622614B1 (fr) 2015-03-18

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US (1) US9046901B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2622614B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR101720039B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103270561B (fr)
AU (1) AU2010361382B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR112013007671B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2813057C (fr)
WO (1) WO2012041368A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3179617A1 (fr) 2015-12-09 2017-06-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit de compensation d'une partie de courant continu dans un transformateur
EP3196902A1 (fr) 2016-01-25 2017-07-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit de reduction d'une part du flux continu dans le noyau magnetique doux d'un transformateur

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BR112015029477B8 (pt) 2013-05-28 2023-04-25 Siemens Ag Aparelho para a redução de um componente de fluxo magnético unidirectional no núcleo de um transformador
CA2930845C (fr) 2013-12-10 2018-10-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et methode de reduction d'une composante de flux unidirectionnel magnetique d'un noyau de transformateur
WO2015086047A1 (fr) 2013-12-10 2015-06-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et procédé visant à réduire une composante de flux magnétique continu dans le noyau d'un transformateur triphasé
EP2905792B1 (fr) 2014-02-06 2016-09-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de réduction d'une part de flux continu magnétique dans le noyau d'un transformateur
CN106104721B (zh) * 2014-03-19 2018-04-13 西门子公司 对变压器中的大dc电流的dc补偿
EP3021335B1 (fr) 2014-11-11 2018-12-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système et procédé de réduction d'une part de flux continu magnétique dans le noyau d'un transformateur
EP3065150B1 (fr) 2015-03-05 2017-11-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Transformateur
EP3076411B1 (fr) * 2015-04-01 2017-11-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit de reduction d'une part de flux continu magnetique dans le noyau d'un transformateur
US11146053B2 (en) 2016-01-29 2021-10-12 Power Hv Inc. Bushing for a transformer
DE102018222183A1 (de) * 2018-12-18 2020-06-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Magnetisch regelbare Drosselspule in Reihenschaltung
EP3783630B1 (fr) * 2019-08-22 2023-10-04 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de suppression d'une composante courant continu lors du fonctionnement d'un appareil électrique connecté à un réseau haute tension
EP3786986B1 (fr) 2019-08-28 2023-10-04 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Circuit de réduction d'une part de flux continu dans le noyau magnétique mou d'un transformateur

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3179617A1 (fr) 2015-12-09 2017-06-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit de compensation d'une partie de courant continu dans un transformateur
EP3196902A1 (fr) 2016-01-25 2017-07-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit de reduction d'une part du flux continu dans le noyau magnetique doux d'un transformateur

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CN103270561B (zh) 2016-09-21
US9046901B2 (en) 2015-06-02
CA2813057C (fr) 2018-01-02
AU2010361382A1 (en) 2013-04-11
CA2813057A1 (fr) 2012-04-05
AU2010361382B2 (en) 2014-07-24
KR101720039B1 (ko) 2017-03-27
BR112013007671A2 (pt) 2016-08-09
CN103270561A (zh) 2013-08-28
WO2012041368A1 (fr) 2012-04-05
KR20130099982A (ko) 2013-09-06
US20130201592A1 (en) 2013-08-08
BR112013007671B1 (pt) 2020-11-03
EP2622614A1 (fr) 2013-08-07

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