EP2621814A1

EP2621814A1 - Device and method for metering a bulk material

Info

Publication number: EP2621814A1
Application number: EP11763729.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Andreas Kleiner; René HAID
Original assignee: Buehler AG
Current assignee: Buehler AG
Priority date: 2010-10-01
Filing date: 2011-09-30
Publication date: 2013-08-07
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-30
Also published as: CA2813105A1; EP2436602A1; US20130186515A1; CA2813105C; WO2012042034A1; ES2569031T3; EP2621814B1; US9266628B2

Abstract

The device (1) according to the invention for metering and in particular compressing bulk material (2) comprises a conveyor for metering the bulk material. The device (1) further comprises a measuring device for measuring a measuring variable and a receiving device (20) for receiving a container, in particular a bag (22). The conveyor has an outlet (12) for the bulk material (2). The container has a filling opening (23). The receiving device (20) and the outlet (12) can be positioned relative to each other dependent on the measuring variable during the metering of the bulk material (2) into the filling opening (23). In particular, the outlet (12) and the receiving device (20) can be positioned in a manner that can be controlled and/or regulated.

Description

Device and method for dosing a bulk material

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for metering bulk material and particularly the United ^¬ application of the apparatus for performing the method for dispensing bulk material with the features of the preambles of the independent claims.

From DE 197 34 109 AI a device for metering and dispensing a Füllgutmenge is known. The device has several screw ^feeders which are each connected to a passage ^chamber by means of a flexible hose piece. The passage chamber is movable horizontally formed so that it can be moved over a certain conveying track with a Verpackungsbe ^¬ container synchronously. An outlet of the passage chamber is thus on the specific conveyor line in rela ^¬ tively fixed position to the packaging container.

EP 0 930 153 A2 discloses a material compacting device for recyclable waste material. In a housing is a screw conveyor, which takes over the waste material from a job site, compressed during a carriage and delivers after compression to a collecting space.

These devices have the disadvantage that in the Dosie ^¬ tion of bulk material in a container often a strong dust ^¬ development especially in flour-containing bulk materials arises and as well as the achieved compaction is often not sufficient. Dust may be detrimental because dust can pollute the environment and also interfere with the functionality of nearby equipment. From WO 2010/052325 Al a bulk bagging device is known with a vibrator for compacting dosed bulk material.

However, this device has the disadvantage that in the Dosie ^¬ tion of a particular floury bulk material, a strong dust ^¬ development may occur. In addition, the additionally necessary shaking device often makes the device for metering slower, since an additional process step is necessary, as well as more complex and therefore more expensive to manufacture.

From WO 2008/025175 a device of bulk materials in an evacuated environment is known.

However, this device has the disadvantage that the device is structurally complicated by the necessary evacuation and also the process for dosing a bulk material is more complicated to perform.

It is therefore an object of the present invention which

To avoid disadvantages of the known, in particular therefore to provide a device and a method by which less dust is generated in the dosage of bulk materials. Furthermore, the object is to increase the compaction of the bulk materials in the dosage and to simplify the structure of the device.

These objects are achieved by an apparatus and a method having the features of the independent claims.

The device according to the invention for dosing and in particular compacting bulk material comprises a conveyor for dosing the bulk material. Furthermore, the device comprises a measuring device for measuring a measured quantity and a receiving device for receiving a container, in particular a bag. The conveyor has an outlet for the bulk material. The receiving ^device and the outlet can be positioned relative to each other during the dosing of bulk material into a filling opening of a container, depending on the measured variable. In particular, the outlet and the receiving device are controllable and / or controllably positionable. Preferably, the receiving device and the outlet are continuously positioned relative to each other at least in a period of dosing.

Under a recording device in the sense of the application, a device is understood, which receives the container and / or supports. In such a receiving device, for example, a container can be suspended and / or set up. The receiving device may for example comprise a clamping device for hanging a bag or be designed as a movable bottom surface for a bag, wherein the bag is le ^¬ diglich placed on the bottom surface or additionally fixed in the region of the filling opening, in particular Festge ^¬ clamped is.

For the purposes of the present application, a sack is understood to mean a container having at least flexible side walls and in particular a flexible bottom. For example, a bag can therefore be made of material such as cotton, plastic as in ^¬ game as polyester, and paper or any combination thereof, as known to the skilled person, said side walls and base are made of this material. Age ^¬ natively, however, a bag may have a non-flexible floor, for example made of plastic and / or metal with side walls of, for example, cotton and / or polyester as flexible sidewalls. The embodiment according to the invention has the advantage that the outlet of the conveyor and the receiving device can be positioned relative to one another in such a way that the generation of dust in the environment during dosing is minimized as much as possible and at the same time the compacting of the metered bulk material can be improved.

This can for example be achieved in that which is from ^¬ let the start of dosing positioned closer to a bottom of the container and is moved away from the ground during the dosing function of the measured variable the outlet, ie, positioned with a greater distance.

For example, however, at the beginning of dosing a large distance can be adjusted in order to achieve the largest possible delivery rate of the bulk material by the conveyor, whereupon ^¬ subsequently the distance to the bottom of the container is reduced for final compaction by the metered from the conveyor bulk material. This method is preferred with

Use bulk materials that do not show large dust during dosing.

Another advantage of the inventive design of the device is a simplified construction, since neither Einrichtun ^¬ gen for generating vacuum are still necessary vibrating devices for compaction. This also has the advantage that the lack of need for compaction by a RUET ^¬ teleinrichtung dosing can be faster acting individually since no additional process step is necessary.

In particular, the device as described above and in the following be written ^¬ input means for setting of at least one sawn operating parameters for the dosage of the bulk material. ^¬ operation parameters are at least one of the following parameters or a combination of them: the type of bulk material; to be dosed Volu ^¬ men of the bulk material; weight to be dosed; Feed rate of För ^¬ derers; Total dosage time; relative positioning of outlet and receiver at the beginning of dosing.

This has the advantage that the device can be optimally adjusted for the Do ^¬ tion as a function of the selected operating parameters so that the dust is minimized, and the compaction of the bulk material is improved.

For example, the relative positioning of the outlet, and receiving device depends on the to be metered bulk material at the beginning of the dosing, so that, depending on the nature of the bulk material, which has been selected or is preset, au ^¬ matically the optimal relative positioning of the outlet, and receiving device of the apparatus can be adjusted.

The dosage of the bulk material can be formed according to a Va ^¬ riante as a continuous metering of the bulk material in particular. This means that from a reservoir of bulk material per ^¬ weils the required amount, ie, weight and / or volume, is filled into the container, particularly while the already ^¬ be dispensed volume and / or weight to be measured ^¬ te.

Alternatively, the dosage of the bulk material can be performed particularly in egg ^¬ nem batch process, that is, the amounts to be added are portioned of bulk material be ^¬ already in an early ^¬ ren process step, so that monitoring of the already metered quantity of bulk material during metering is not necessary. Preferably, at least one of the following measured variables can be measured for the relative positioning of the receiving device and the outlet: current consumption of the conveyor; Weight of the metered bulk ^¬ guts; Filling level of the bulk material in the container; metering; metered volume of the bulk material.

This has the advantage that, depending on the used

Bulk material, the most advantageous measurement variable can be selected for relative positioning of the receiving device and outlet.

The current consumption of the conveyor, which is an indicator of the resistance of the bulk material to be metered and thus indicates the rela tive positioning of recording device and outlet as a function of this parameter can be used as a variable for relative positioning, in particular, the relative positioning can be controlled ,

The weight of the metered bulk material can be determined, for example, with a balance mounted in and / or on the receiving device. Alternatively, this can also be determined for example for determining the weight loss of the Vorratsbehäl ^¬ ters or also with a differential balance according to WO 2010/052325 AI dose of egg ^¬ nem reservoir weight of the bulk material by means of ei ^¬ ner scale.

The filling level can be determined for example by means of a level sensor and / or a camera.

The metered volume of the bulk material can be determined on the conveyor means of the measured metering time for example the egg ^¬ ne adjustable delivery rate of bulk material, so that after reaching the dosing total duration of the volume of the bulk material to be dosed is achieved. For example, the metered volume can also be determined from the weight of the metered bulk material.

The weight of the metered bulk material, a filling height of the bulk ^¬ goods in a container or a metering time can be, for example, with previously stored data in, for example, in the device existing data processing means correlate, so that an optimal positioning between the outlet and pick-up device is adjustable, outlet and pick-up device in particular are controllably positionable.

Also, a combination of different measures for positioning of recording device and outlet is conceivable for further improving the compaction and / or the prevention of dust. For this purpose, for example, a first positioning ^¬ tion can take place due to a filling height of the bulk material in the container or the dosing, ie a control of positioning, this positioning is then controlled due to the power consumption of the conveyor.

Particularly preferably, the receiving device has a positioning ^¬ nierseinrichtung, so that the receiving device is positioned relative to the outlet and in particular that the outlet is firmly positioned.

A positioning device in the sense of the present application is for example a combination of guide rails along which the receiving device is movable and a drive, for example an electric motor, in particular a servomotor, or else a pneumatic system. This embodiment has the advantage that only the position of the receiving device is to be positioned relative to the outlet, which reduces the design effort and thus makes the pre ^¬ direction cheaper. This is in particular supported by the fixedly positioned outlet, ie immobile outlet, which simplifies the positioning and thus also increases the precision of the positioning.

In particular, this embodiment has the further advantage that, in the case of a fixed outlet to the conveyor, not the entire metering device, i. the conveyor with drive, must be moved, since this usually has a high weight. Thus, the positioning device can be simplified and is energetically cheaper to operate in operation.

Most preferably, the conveyor is designed as a screw conveyor, wherein the receiving device and the outlet depending on a measured torque relative to each other po ^¬ sitionierbar.

As a torque sensor, for example, the ge ^¬-measured current consumption of the screw conveyor for dosing or also known in the art strain gauges are indirectly.

This has the advantage that the measurement can be carried out using simple and more reliable ^¬ sensors, so that the control of the positioning of the receiving device can take place relative to the outlet precisely. This is particularly advantageous in connection with a screw conveyor, the delivery rate of bulk material is essentially dependent on the speed of the screw. In this case, can be on the setting of the speed, the delivery rate, ie the volume delivered per unit time of

Set bulk material. At constant speed, the changes Current consumption of the screw conveyor as a function of a conveying resistance of the bulk material. The conveyor resistance, which is also referred to as flow resistance is, for example, from ^¬ dependent on the filling level of bulk material in the container and the relati ^¬ ven positioning from the outlet of the screw conveyor and the receiving device to the container.

Additionally preferably, the conveyor is arranged such that the conveying direction of the bulk material in the conveyor is substantially parallel to the action of gravity.

The formulation that a conveying direction is substantially parallel to the effect of gravity thus means that the conveyor is arranged substantially vertically. For the purposes of the present application is essentially that the conveying direction and insbesonde ^¬ re the axis of a screw of the screw conveyor an angle of ± 20 °, preferably, parallel to the action of gravity, ± 10 ° and particularly preferably ± 5 ° to the We ^¬ effect of gravity having.

This has the advantage that the conveying effect is supported by gravity and thus the power consumption of the device is lowered. In addition, these constructive From ^¬ design, simplifies the device because no bent pipes for the transport of the bulk material are necessary and the device is further simplified and thus cheaper.

In addition, particularly preferably, the receiving device can be positioned in the conveying direction relative to the outlet. In other words, the receiving device can only be positioned substantially parallel to the effect of gravity. This has the advantage that the positioning device can be simplified, since only one-way positioning is necessary. This makes the device ^{kosteni ¬} ger and also simplifies the positioning of recording device to outlet.

In addition, particularly preferably, the receiving device is designed such that the outlet can engage in the container during dosing.

This has the advantage that the outlet also be ^¬ nachbart among others, can be placed to the bottom of the container to Ver ^¬ avoidance of dust, which are often particularly is very high at the beginning and therefore a large part of the generated dust at Be ^¬ container remains.

Alternatively, preferably, the receiving device on a Fixed To ^¬ restriction device for fastening the filling opening.

This fastening device is designed such that the filling opening of the container is formed so that the outlet can engage in the container and also air which is displaced by the metered bulk material, can escape from the container.

Alternatively, particularly preferably, the receiving device egg ^¬ ne support means for supporting a bottom of the container. This support device is designed in particular as a support surface ^¬ .

This has the advantage that the bottom of the container is supported on the outside of the bottom and thus reduces the risk of Be ^¬ damage to the container by the metered bulk material becomes . This is especially important when using sacks that could rupture at high doses.

The device preferably has a compacting device arranged between the bottom and the filling opening during operation for compacting the bulk material during dosing, wherein the compacting device is fixed relative to the outlet. In particular, the compacting device is arranged between the floor and fastening device.

Under a compacting means will be understood in the sense of the present application, by means of which the orientation of the metered bulk material Kompak ^¬ is improved at least during the dosing of the bulk material in the container. This can be done in game ^¬ means of constriction of the container between the base and attachment means and / or disposed between the floor and fastening means by a diaphragm wherein the diaphragm has substantially a cross-section complementary to the filling opening and can engage the container; when using a non-neckable container, it is advantageous to use only one aperture.

The arrangement of a compacting device has the advantage that the compaction is improved during dosing and because ^¬ by the control and / or regulation of the position of the outlet in dependence on the measured variable such as the torque and / or the current consumption of the conveyor guaranteed ^¬ is made , Under certain circumstances, it is possible that without the An ^¬ order of the compactor bulk material along the conveyor to the filling opening of the container can rise, which hardly a compaction of the bulk material can take place and thereby the control and / or regulation of the position of the conveyor is unreliable. This configuration of the device by means of the arrangement of a compactor has the further advantage that bulk material which is conveyed by means of the conveyor through the outlet into the container, at least partially by the compacting ^¬ is prevented in the direction of the filler opening by the dosing, e.g. by thereby occurring pressure ^¬ fluctuations in the container to be promoted. By dosing yes, at least partially bulk material is whirled up again and can thereby settle on the outside of the conveyor, which indeed projects into the container. The arrangement of the compacting device this is reduced according to current understanding. Such a deposition of bulk material on the outside ^¬ has the disadvantage that, for example, a cleaning ^¬ step is required and the contamination probability is increased in a subsequent dosing, for example, when dosing another bulk material.

Particularly preferably, the compacting device is designed as a constriction device for constricting a bag received in the receiving device. The constrictor comprises an opening for receiving the bag, wherein in use, when used as intended, the outlet is positionable between the bottom of the bag and the opening.

For the purposes of the present application, a constriction device is understood to mean a device with which the side wall of a bag is deformable in order to reduce the cross section of the bag, at least in the area of the constriction device. This can be achieved, for example, by means of a clamping device defining an opening, in which the bag is received, when the circumference of the opening is smaller than the circumference of the side wall of the bag, whereby the bag in the region of the constricting device is constricted. This can be done for example by clamping lever or wire cords or other suitable devices.

A constriction of a bag, which is received in the constriction, between the bottom and the filling opening of the bag in the sense of the present application has the meaning that between the filling opening of the bag and the bottom of the bag when used as intended in the device, a constriction occurs. In particular, this constriction occurs in a plane substantially perpendicular to the action of gravity, i. essentially parallel to the filling opening of the bag.

A fixed arrangement of the constriction relative to the outlet of the conveyor has the purposes of the present application, the meaning that for a fixed positioning of the outlet of the constriction is also fixed in position and positioned at vari ^¬ acceptable positionability of the outlet of the constriction is substantially parallel to the outlet becomes.

For example, therefore, the bag is attached by means of Befestigungsein ^¬ direction at the filling opening, wherein the Einschnüreinrichtung between the bottom of the bag and the fastening device constricting the bag; the opening formed by the constriction is aligned substantially parallel to the filling ^¬ opening; The outlet is thus so positioned in operation in intended use that it can engage in the filling opening of the bag and the opening of the constricting device.

Most preferably, the opening has a substantially complementary shape to the cross section of the outlet, in this way that the outlet can engage in the opening and a sack can be constricted between the constricting means and the outlet.

Alternatively, very particularly preferably, the device is designed as Ab ^¬ sackkarussell.

As Absackkarussell, is meant in the sense of the present application ei ^¬ ne device for metering bulk material into a container having at least one receiving device for receiving a container wherein the Absackkarussell has a Fixed To ^¬ supply position for mounting the filling opening on the fastening device. In addition, the bagging carousel has a metering position for metering bulk material into the container and a removal position at which the container is removed from the bagging carousel. Furthermore, the Absackkarussell With ^¬ tel on the transportation of the container from the mounting ^¬ position to dosing position and to the removal position.

This has the advantage that process steps of a complete dosing process can take place at different positions, so that the process of fastening, dosing and removal of the container can be accelerated.

Preferably, the device has an attachment device for the automated fastening of a container to the fastening device.

This can be done, for example, that with the use of sacks these empty, ie, can be stacked on the mounting position as the container without any bulk material and the machine when required by means of a gripper device grasps a bag from ^¬ particular a robot, and this at the particular Attached fastening device. Alternatively, you can also play containers are conveyed with fixed walls by means of a transport belt for fixing ^¬ position and there by means of the known skilled in the art: n mechanics fixed, in particular gripped be.

Particularly preferably, the device has a Entnahmeemric device for automated removal of the container from the BEFE tigungseinrichtung.

These two preferred embodiments have the advantage that the metering of bulk material into a container can be further accelerated and thus the costs can be further reduced.

Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a method for dosing and, in particular, compacting

Bulk material. This process is performed in particular with a top ^¬ be registered device. This method comprises the step of positioning a conveyor and a Recordin ^¬ mevorrichtung relative to each other with a distance between an outlet of the conveyor and a bottom of a container into ^¬ particular a sack, in the receiving device. Here, Ki ^¬ NEN the positioning of the conveyor and a fastening of the container in the holding device in any order done. This is followed by dosing of the bulk material by means of the conveyor into the container through a filling opening of the container. A measurement variable is measured at least during metering, in particular a current consumption of the conveyor, a weight of the metered bulk material, a filling height of the bulk goods in the container ^¬, a metered volume of the bulk material, or a dispensing time is measured. It is also possible to carry out a sequential or simultaneous measurement of the aforementioned measured quantities. This is followed by an adjustment of the distance between see outlet and bottom depending on at least one of the measured quantities during dosing.

This method is carried out in particular with a device as described above and therefore has all the advantages of the device described above.

A distance between the outlet and the bottom is defined in terms of the Appli ^¬ dung as a distance parallel to gravity from the lowest point of the bottom in the area of a projection of the outlet parallel to gravity to the bottom and the middle ^¬ value of the lowest and highest point of the outlet at Intended use exclusively taking into account the distance in the direction of gravity. In other words, a distance perpendicular to the direction of gravity is not considered.

In the process as a conveyor screw conveyor ^¬ rer is preferably used, wherein the receiving device and the outlet in response to a measured torque po sitioned ^¬ are relative to each other. In particular, the receiving device is positioned re ^¬ latively to the outlet.

This embodiment of the method has the above-beschrie ^¬ surrounded advantages with respect to the torque measurement and the positioning of the receiving device relative to the outlet.

Particularly advantageous is the outlet firmly positioned. The distance specifics ^¬ DERS preferably during dosing EXPANDING sert. Specifically, the distance depending on the ge ^¬ measure measured quantity is controlled and / or regulated. This embodiment of the method has the above-beschrie ^¬ surrounded advantages with respect to the device.

Particularly preferred is a distance of less than 10 cm, preferably less than 8 cm, more preferably less than 5 cm and most preferably less than 1 cm.

Most preferably, the adjustment of the distance is carried out continuously at least in a period of dosing.

This has the advantage that the distance ge ^¬ controls not only selective and / or regulated, so that the positioning can be carried out in from ^¬ dependence on the measured quantity precise and thus reduces the dust and the compacting is increased.

Preferably, the outlet engages in the container during the entire period of Do ^¬ sierens.

Preferably, a compacting device for compacting the dosed is on and / or in the container during dosing

Bulk solids arranged in relation to the outlet. In particular, the compacting device is a constricting device, wherein the sack is constricted between the bottom and the filling opening by means of the constricting device.

The distance during the dosing of the ^¬ art is particularly preferably adjusted such that the outlet is positioned between the bottom and a constriction device for at least 50% of the Doserzeit. The outlet between the bottom and the constriction for at least 70% is preferred, more preferably at least 90% and most preferably posi ^¬ tioniert for 100%. This has the advantage of better compaction of the bulk material in the container and a low deposition of bulk material on the outside of the conveyor.

Another alternative aspect of the present invention is directed to the use of a device as described above for performing a method as described above for metering bulk material. In particular bulk goods from the list of the following products or mixtures thereof are metered: cement, lime, plastic, cereals, grits, flour, bran, feed ^¬ medium, sugar, salt.

This use is made with a device as described above according to the method described above and therefore has all the corresponding advantages.

An additional alternative aspect is directed to an apparatus having a screw conveyor for metering bulk material. In particular, the device corresponds to the device described above. In addition, with the screw conveyor in particular bulk material is compacted. The screw conveyor is arranged substantially vertically when used as intended.

The formulation substantially vertically has the purposes of the present application, the meaning that the axis of the screw of the screw conveyor is aligned under normal conditions of use, substantially parallel to gravity, insbeson ^¬ particular in a Winkelbreiche of ± 20 °, preferably of ± 10 °, and particularly preferably ± 5 ° with respect to the direction of action of gravity. This embodiment of the device has the advantage that the device for dosing bulk material is simplified, as in ^¬ particular no curved tubes for conveying the bulk material in a container are necessary and also the promotion of

Bulk solids in the container is supported by gravity and thus the energy consumption is lowered. In addition, the design of the device reduces the risk of the product remaining in the device for a long time because it is not conveyed reliably. This may be the case with ^¬ game as if, in particular in the range of curvatures of pipes, through which the bulk material is conveyed to bulk material accumulates and is not transported further, which is undesirable.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to embodiments for better understanding, without the invention being limited to the embodiment. Show it:

Figure 1: Schematic representation of a device according to the invention in a first position;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention in a second position;

FIG. 3: Diagram of a dosing process of semolina as a function of time;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention with a constriction device in a start position;

FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 4 in an end position; FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a constriction device in a closed position;

FIG. 7: schematic representation of the constricting device according to FIG. 6 in an open position;

FIG. 8 shows a schematic illustration of an alternative constriction device in a closed position;

FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of the alternative constricting device according to FIG. 8 in an open position.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device 1 according to the invention for metering bulk material 2. The device 1 comprises a frame 15, in which a Schne ^¬ ckenförderer 10, a fixing device 26, a receiving device 20, and a positioning means are mounted 27th

A screw 17 of the screw conveyor 10 is driven by means of a drive 13, i. set in rotation. The screw conveyor 10 has a funnel-shaped inlet region 14 with an inlet 11. In addition, the screw conveyor 10 has an outlet 12, which engages in the fastening device 26.

In the receiving device 20, a bag 22 is received, wherein a filling opening 23 of the bag 22 is received. The fastening device 26 is part of the pickup device 20. A bottom 24 of the bag 22 is supported by a bearing surface 25 of the sampling device on ^¬ 20th The bottom 24 is from the outlet 12th of the screw conveyor 10 with a distance d = 75 cm beabstan ^¬ det.

By means of the positioning device 27, the receiving device 20 in the vertical direction, i. parallel to the axis of the screw 17 relative to the screw conveyor 10, positionable.

The device 1 also has two Aufstellell 16 for ^¬ direction and in particular for the angular adjustment of the device with respect to the effect of gravity.

In operation, bulk material 2 is conveyed in accordance with the designated with 2 arrows in the inlet 11 and metered by means of the screw conveyor 10 into the sack 22, wherein a torque of the worm ^¬ conveyor is measured by an unillustrated measuring device and the distance d between the outlet 12 and the bottom 24 is adjusted by means of the positioning device 27 in dependence on the measured torque.

FIG. 2 shows the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1 in a second position. Identical reference signs denote the same features as described in FIG. 1 and will only be explained again if necessary.

A screw conveyor 10 with a screw 17 engages in a fastening device 26 in a container 21 with a filling opening 23 a. The container 21 has a bottom 24 with an outlet 12 of the screw conveyor 10 positioned adjacent to the bottom 24 of the container 21, i. the distance d is about 5 cm.

In operation, bulk material 2 is then conveyed through the inlet 11 of the Schne ^¬ ckenförderers 10 and by means of the screw conveyor 10 dosed into the container 21. During metering, a rotational ^{torque is determined} via the current consumption of the screw conveyor by means of a measuring device, not shown, so that when the current consumption increases, a pickup device 20 is moved parallel to the axis of the screw 17, ie parallel to the effect of gravity, whereby the Distance d increased.

3 shows a dosing process for bulk material such as semolina beispielswei ^¬ se is shown in a bag with an inventive device.

At time to, a position 33 of a pick-up device is selected so that a distance between a bottom of the bag and an outlet of a screw conveyor is <5 cm.

The dosing is started to the time, said volume do ^¬ catalyzed by the curve 35, that is, the cumulative Abfüllvo ^¬ lumen, is illustrated. At the same time, the measurement of the torque, which is represented by the curve 30, is started and compared with a target torque 31. A Schne ^¬ ckendrehzahl 34 of a screw conveyor is set at a constant value after an initial period of ti.

Once a certain amount of bulk material has been metered into the bag, the torque 30 rises above the preset desired torque 31, whereupon a distance between an outlet of the screw conveyor and the bottom of the bag is increased. For this purpose, the receiving device is accelerated to a speed 32 and thus moved away from the screw conveyor, as shown in the range of t2 to t ₃ by means of the curves with respect to the Ge ^¬ speed 32 and the position 33 of the receiving device. As soon as a predefined filling volume according to the curve 35 is reached at about t = 4 seconds, the control is ended and the container is positioned so that it can be removed from the device from the time ts.

FIG. 4 shows a device according to the invention as in FIG. 1 in a start position. In contrast to Figure 1, the present device 1 comprises a compacting device comprising a constricting device 29, by means of which the bag 22 is constricted in cross section.

The outlet 12 of the screw conveyor 10 comprising a screw 17 is arranged between the bottom 24 of the bag 22 and the constrictor 29. The constricting device 29, which comprises a clamping lever, is arranged between the fastening device 26 and the bottom 24.

In operation, bulk material 2 is conveyed through the inlet 11 by means of the screw conveyor 10 through the outlet 12 into the bag 22, which is constricted in the region of the constricting device 29. As soon as described for FIG 3 illustrates a target torque he ^¬ is sufficient, the bag 22 is positioned by means of the positioning device 27, the base 24 is moved away from the outlet 12 to a position shown in Figure 5. The constrictor 29 and the outlet 12 are fixedly positioned relative to each other.

In Figure 5, the end position of the bag 22 is shown at the end of the dosing process, before it is removed from the device 1. Also, according to Figure 5, the bag 22 is constricted by the Einschnüreinrichtung 29. The outlet 12 is located between the bottom 24 and the constrictor 29 during 100% of the metering time. FIG. 6 shows the compacting device comprising the constricting device 29 according to FIG. 4 and a diaphragm 18 in a schematic top view with a bag 22 received therein. The constriction device 29 is attached to the frame 15 and thus fixed in relation to the outlet 12. A ^¬ schnüreinrichtung 29 forms an opening 19 into which the bag 22 is received, whereby it is constricted. In the Publ ^¬ voltage 19 of the outlet 12 engages and 22 in the bag to the outlet 12, the diaphragm 18 is fixedly arranged, which also engages into the bag. The aperture has a cross-section We ^¬ sentlichen complementary to the inlet of the bag 22 so that the engagement of the aperture is made possible in the bag 18 and the improved compaction is achieved.

FIG. 7 shows, in a schematic plan view, the constricting device 29 according to FIG. The constricting device 29 according to FIG. 7 is in an open position, so that a bag 22 can be fastened in the device and subsequently the constricting device 29 is closed to constrict the bag 22 in the opening. The outlet is not shown here.

FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of a compacting device designed as a constricting device 29. The constrictor 29 has an opening 19 substantially complementary to the cross section of the outlet 12 so that the outlet 12 engages the opening and a sack 22 is constricted between the constrictor 29 and the outlet 12 in the closed position shown here. As a result, the bag in the region of the constriction device 29 has a substantially circular cross-section complementary to the cross section of the outlet 112. The distance a of the two designated 29 elements is about 5 mm. With this embodiment of the constricting device 29, a good compaction is achieved during operation.

FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of the constriction device 29 in an open position without an outlet. Before the constriction, the bag 22 has a substantially elliptical cross-section.

Claims

claims

1. Device (1) for dosing, and in particular compacting, bulk material (2), comprising a conveyor for dosing the bulk material (2), further comprising a measuring device for measuring a measured variable and a receiving device (20) for receiving a container (21 ), in particular a bag (22), wherein the conveyor has an outlet (12) for the bulk material (2), characterized in that the receiving device (20) and the outlet (12) during the dosing of bulk material (2) in a Filling opening (23) of the container are positioned relative to each other, in particular controllable and / or adjustable positionable, depending on the measured variable.

2. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the following measured variables is measurable for the relative positioning of receiving device (20) and outlet (12): current consumption of the conveyor; Weight of dosed bulk material (2); Filling level of the bulk material (2) in the container (21); metered volume of the bulk material (2); Do ^¬ sierzeit.

3. Device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the receiving device (20) by means of a positioning device (27) relative to the outlet (12) is positionable and in particular that the outlet (12) is firmly positioned.

4. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the conveyor is designed as a screw conveyor (10) and that the receiving device (20) and the outlet (12) in dependence of a measured rotation moments are positioned relative to each other.

5. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the conveyor is arranged such that the conveying direction of the bulk material (2) in the conveyor is substantially parallel to the action of gravity.

6. Device (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the receiving device (20) in the conveying direction relative to the outlet (12) can be positioned.

7. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the receiving device (20) is designed such that the outlet (12) during Dosens ^¬ rens in the container (21) can engage.

8. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the receiving device (20) has a Be ^¬ fastening device (26) for fixing the filling opening (23).

9. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the receiving device (20) has a supporting device, in particular a bearing surface (25), for supporting a bottom (24) of the container (21).

10. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the device (1) in operation between the bottom (24) and filling opening (23), in particular between the bottom (24) and fastening means (26), arranged Compacting device has for compaction of the bulk material during dosing, wherein the Kompiegie- pure direction relative to the outlet (12) is fixed.

11. Device (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the compacting device is designed as a constriction device (29) for constricting a receptacle (20) received in the bag (22), comprising an opening (19) for receiving the bag (22 In operation, when used as intended, the outlet (12) is positionable between the bottom (24) of the bag (22) and the opening (19).

12. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the device (1) is designed as Absackkarus ^¬ sell.

13. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the device (1) has a mounting device ^¬ for automated fastening of a container to the fastening device (26).

14. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the device (1) has a Entnahmeein ^¬ direction for automated removal of a container from the fastening device (26).

15. A method for dispensing, and more particularly compression, of bulk material (2), in particular with a device (1) ge ^¬ Mäss one of the preceding claims, characterized by the steps of:

- Positioning a conveyor and a receiving device (20) relative to each other with a distance (d) between an outlet (12) of the conveyor and a Bottom (24) of a container (21), in particular a bag (22), in the receiving device (20); and

- Dosing of the bulk material (2) by means of the conveyor into the container (21) through a filling opening (23) of the container; and

Measuring a measured variable, in particular at least one of the following measured variables: current consumption of the conveyor, weight of the metered bulk material (2), filling level of the bulk material (2) in the container (21), metered volume of the bulk material (2), metering time; and

- Setting the distance (d) between outlet (12) and bottom (24) as a function of the measured quantity measured during dosing.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that a screw conveyor is used as conveyor and that the receiving device (20) and the outlet (12) are positioned relative to one another in dependence on a measured torque, in particular that the receiving device (20) relative to the outlet ( 12) is positioned.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the distance (d) is increased during metering and that in particular the distance (d) is controlled and / or regulated in dependence on the measured quantity measured.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that at least in a period of Do ^¬ sierens the adjustment of the distance (d) is carried out continuously.

19. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that on and / or in the container (21) during dosing a compacting device, in particular ei ^¬ ner Einschnüreinrichtung (29) for compacting the metered bulk material fixed in relation to the outlet ( 12) is arranged ^¬, and in particular the sack (22) (between the floor 24) and filler opening (23) by means of the constriction (29) is constricted.

20. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the distance (d) during dosing is set such that the outlet (12) between the bottom (24) and the constricting means (29) for at least 50% of Dosing, preferably for at least 70%, more preferably at least 90% and most preferably for 100% is positioned.

21. Use of a device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14 for carrying out a method according to one of claims 15 to 20 for the metering of bulk material (2), in particular ^¬ special bulk goods (2) from the list of the following products or mixtures from it: cement, lime, plastics, grain, semolina, flour, bran, feed, sugar, salt.

22. Device (1), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 14, with a screw conveyor (10) for dosing, and in particular compacting, of bulk material (2), characterized in that the screw conveyor (10) in bestimmungsgemem use in Is arranged substantially vertically.