EP4074610A1 - Method for filling an at least partially gas-permeable container - Google Patents
Method for filling an at least partially gas-permeable container Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4074610A1 EP4074610A1 EP21168396.6A EP21168396A EP4074610A1 EP 4074610 A1 EP4074610 A1 EP 4074610A1 EP 21168396 A EP21168396 A EP 21168396A EP 4074610 A1 EP4074610 A1 EP 4074610A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filling
- container
- pressure
- filling material
- line
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003319 supportive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B1/00—Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
- B65B1/04—Methods of, or means for, filling the material into the containers or receptacles
- B65B1/16—Methods of, or means for, filling the material into the containers or receptacles by pneumatic means, e.g. by suction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B1/00—Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
- B65B1/04—Methods of, or means for, filling the material into the containers or receptacles
- B65B1/18—Methods of, or means for, filling the material into the containers or receptacles for filling valve-bags
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B1/00—Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
- B65B1/20—Reducing volume of filled material
- B65B1/26—Reducing volume of filled material by pneumatic means, e.g. suction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B1/00—Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
- B65B1/30—Devices or methods for controlling or determining the quantity or quality or the material fed or filled
- B65B1/32—Devices or methods for controlling or determining the quantity or quality or the material fed or filled by weighing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B37/00—Supplying or feeding fluent-solid, plastic, or liquid material, or loose masses of small articles, to be packaged
- B65B37/06—Supplying or feeding fluent-solid, plastic, or liquid material, or loose masses of small articles, to be packaged by pistons or pumps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B57/00—Automatic control, checking, warning, or safety devices
- B65B57/10—Automatic control, checking, warning, or safety devices responsive to absence, presence, abnormal feed, or misplacement of articles or materials to be packaged
- B65B57/14—Automatic control, checking, warning, or safety devices responsive to absence, presence, abnormal feed, or misplacement of articles or materials to be packaged and operating to control, or stop, the feed of articles or material to be packaged
- B65B57/145—Automatic control, checking, warning, or safety devices responsive to absence, presence, abnormal feed, or misplacement of articles or materials to be packaged and operating to control, or stop, the feed of articles or material to be packaged for fluent material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for filling an at least partially gas-permeable container and a filling device for carrying out this method.
- the container to be filled for example a paper valve bag
- the filling material is conveyed through the filling spout into the gas-permeable valve bag and the entrained air is conveyed through the wall of the bag enters the valve chamber and is sucked off there.
- this chamber is subjected to negative pressure by means of a vacuum pump. For exchanging a filled container for one that still needs to be filled The vacuum is broken and the chamber opened.
- Vacuum filling has proven to be particularly advantageous because it can be reliably ensured that no filling material gets into the environment, since the container to be filled is sealed inside the vacuum chamber and the air sucked out of the vacuum chamber can also be cleaned by filters if necessary.
- the invention is based on the object of improving a method for filling an at least partially gas-permeable container, in particular a valve bag or an FIBC, with pourable material such that the filling speed is increased.
- a filling device is to be provided with which such an improved method can be carried out.
- the method according to the invention for filling an at least partially gas-permeable container such as a valve bag or an FIBC with pourable filling material, in which the container is subjected to negative pressure on the outside in order to generate a filling material supply through a filling material line into the interior of the container is according to the invention characterized in that after a first filling time has elapsed, the filling process is supported by pressurizing the filling material line.
- the basic idea of the filling method according to the invention is to provide a two-stage filling process, namely initially in a first stage by vacuum filling, since this is the most effective and fastest method for filling the container, especially with filling material of low density and fine grain.
- the filling process is supported according to the invention by pressurizing the filling material line and thus significantly accelerated compared to pure vacuum filling or pure pressure filling.
- the application of pressure preferably does not take place suddenly, but rather increases in accordance with the decrease in the filling speed.
- the process must be controlled in such a way that the container wall is never overloaded. This is particularly important in the case of containers made of paper, but in principle also in the case of containers made of fabric or the like.
- the pressure is applied, for example, by means of a feed pump, which actively conveys the filling material, whereby the pressure is applied.
- the filling process can be accelerated by a factor of 2 or more compared to pure vacuum filling.
- Negative pressure within the meaning of the present invention is a pressure that is below atmospheric pressure; such a negative pressure is also referred to as a vacuum in filling technology. It goes without saying that vacuum in the sense of the present invention is not the ideal vacuum pressure 0, but any negative pressure between this pressure 0 and atmospheric pressure. The terms vacuum and negative pressure are therefore used synonymously.
- the pressurization of the filling material line which is supported after the end of the first filling time, is maintained until the end or almost the end of the filling process.
- the negative pressure on the outside of the container is advantageously maintained during the entire filling process, with the negative pressure being able to be reduced after initiation of the pressurization of the filling material line, so as not to exceed the permissible load on the container.
- Near the end is meant a period of time within the last 5% to 10% of the total fill time. It can be useful to slow down the filling process shortly before it ends in order to increase the filling accuracy. This then expediently takes place in that the pressurization, ie the active filling by the pump, ends and the filling process is only completed by means of vacuum filling.
- the duration of the first filling time ie the duration during which vacuum filling takes place exclusively, is approximately half to two thirds of the duration of the total filling time. If the total filling time is 10 seconds, for example, then it has proven to be practicable to fill the first five to seven seconds of the filling time exclusively with a vacuum and only after five, at the latest after seven seconds, to add pressure to support the filling process.
- the filling speed decreases with increasing filling time during vacuum filling of the container, it is expedient to determine the end of the first filling time, i.e. the point in time when a supportive pressurization of the filling material line is to begin, by the dropping of the filling speed to a predetermined value.
- Such a determination is generally more favorable than specifying a fixed period of time for the first filling time, since individual deviations in the individual filling process are better taken into account as a result.
- the filling method according to the invention is advantageously carried out using differential pressure regulation, which includes the differential pressure between the pressure prevailing in the container and the pressure surrounding the container.
- differential pressure regulation includes the differential pressure between the pressure prevailing in the container and the pressure surrounding the container.
- Such a maximum differential pressure is usually specified by the material of the container, this must not be exceeded in order to avoid damage to the container.
- Such a differential pressure advantageously becomes constant after the initial build-up at the beginning of the filling process Value controlled, eg by a PID controller.
- Such a differential pressure control also ensures that when the filling material line is pressurized to support the filling process, the application of negative pressure is reduced, if necessary, in order to keep the material stress on the container within permissible limits.
- differential pressure a value between 300 mbar and 800 mbar, preferably between 500 mbar and 700 mbar. These values are particularly suitable for filling valve bags and FIBCs.
- the differential pressure regulation is expediently designed in such a way that the application of negative pressure is maintained throughout the entire filling process, that is to say until the end of the filling process. In this way, it can advantageously be ensured that no filling material gets into the environment, but rather is removed in a targeted manner.
- a filling device which is provided and suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention, has a vacuum chamber into which a filling material line opens, which is fed from a filling material container.
- the vacuum chamber is provided and designed to accommodate the container to be filled.
- sealing means are provided for sealing off the filling material line from the container to be filled, into which the filling material line opens.
- the filling device is particularly characterized in that means for pressurizing the filling material line are provided, which cause pressurization during the filling process and thus support the filling process.
- the means for pressurizing the filling material line are designed in such a way that during the filling process can be used to support.
- Such means can be formed by suitable pumps, compressors in connection with jet guides similar to jet pumps or preferably by a diaphragm pump which introduces as little gas as possible, in particular air, into the filling system.
- the filling device On the machine side, it is advantageous to design the filling device in such a way that two delivery lines are provided, which open into a common filling material line, of which one delivery line is provided for vacuum delivery and the other for pressure delivery. A corresponding pressure-increasing pump is then provided in the feed line for pressure feed, and a membrane pump is provided as a valve, whereas a valve is provided in the line for vacuum feed, with which this can be shut off completely or partially.
- Towards the end of the filling process when the supporting pressurization in the delivery line is at its maximum, but the negative pressure in the vacuum chamber must still be maintained, it is usually advisable to shut off the negative pressure delivery line in order to be able to maintain a sufficient negative pressure in the negative pressure chamber.
- the filling device advantageously has a control and regulating device which is provided and designed to regulate a differential pressure during the filling process between the interior of the container to be filled and the surrounding space in the vacuum chamber.
- a control and regulating device is advantageously connected to appropriate sensors, namely means for detecting the pressure in the vacuum chamber and for detecting the pressure inside the container to be filled and/or for detecting the pressure in the filling material line.
- the pressure can be detected by means of pressure sensors, one pressure sensor being advantageously arranged in the negative pressure chamber and another at or near the end of the Product line for recording the internal pressure.
- the pressure at the end of the product line i.e.
- a pressure sensor in the area of the filler neck is in a predetermined ratio to the pressure inside the container or corresponds to it, so that by arranging a pressure sensor in the area of the filler neck, a complex pressure sensor arrangement inside the container can usually be dispensed with.
- the filling device advantageously has a line which is connected to the negative pressure chamber and is connected to a vacuum pump, with a vacuum control valve being integrated in the line and being integrated into the control device, i.e. controlled by the control and regulation device is.
- a vacuum control valve being integrated in the line and being integrated into the control device, i.e. controlled by the control and regulation device is.
- a corresponding control of the vacuum pump is conceivable, but in practice it is usually simpler and faster to control a vacuum control valve.
- shut-off valve in the filling material line, so that the filling process can be interrupted or ended when a predetermined filling weight or filling volume is reached by shutting off the filling material line, whereby maintaining the negative pressure ensures that the filling material can be completely poured into the to be filled container is introduced and thus the filling process is completed clean before the vacuum chamber is opened to remove the filled container.
- the filling device has a reservoir 1 for receiving filling material 2 , which is connected to a filling material line 4 via a conveying line 3 .
- a filling nozzle 5 is arranged at the end of the filling material line and ends within a vacuum chamber 6 which is designed to accommodate a container 7 to be filled.
- This vacuum chamber 6, which can be completely sealed off from the environment, is connected via a vacuum line 8 with a vacuum control valve 9 in between to a vacuum pump 10, the outlet line 11 of which opens into the outside atmosphere, optionally with the interposition of filters.
- the vacuum chamber 6 is connected to the machine frame via a weighing device 12, with which the filling weight of the container 7 can be determined.
- a support body 13 is arranged inside the vacuum chamber 6 and serves to support the container 7 at the side and bottom during the filling process. This supporting body 13 is constructed like a grid.
- the filling device has a control and regulating device 14, which is used on the output side to control the vacuum control valve 9 is provided and on the input side detects the pressure in the vacuum chamber 6 via a first pressure sensor 15 and the pressure within the container 7 via a second pressure sensor 16 .
- This second pressure sensor 16 is arranged at the end of the product line 4 within the filler neck 5 .
- a shut-off valve 17 is arranged in the filling material line 4, which is controlled by the control and regulating device 14 and is not only provided for opening and closing the filling material line 14, but can also be brought into intermediate positions.
- a corresponding shut-off valve 18 is provided in the delivery line 3 from the reservoir 1 to the filling material line 4 .
- the vacuum chamber 6 can be opened for the purpose of removing a filled container 7 and introducing an empty container 7;
- the structure described above corresponds to that of a vacuum packer according to the prior art.
- the filling device also has a second delivery line 20 running parallel to the delivery line 3, which also connects the reservoir 1 to the filling material line 4 and in which a diaphragm pump 21 is integrated, which is controlled by the control and regulating device 14.
- the filling device has a third pressure sensor 22 which detects the pressure in the product line 4 between the delivery line 3 , 20 and the shut-off valve 17 . This sensor 22 is also signal-connected to the control and regulation device 14 .
- a container 7 is filled with the filling device described above as follows:
- the container 7, for example a valve bag is placed with the filling valve on the filling spout 5 with the vacuum chamber 6 open, after which the seal 19, which surrounds the filling spout 5 in a ring, is pressurized with compressed air, as a result of which it is sealed off from the interior of the valve bag 7.
- the valve bag is located within the supporting body 13 within the vacuum chamber 6, which is tightly closed after the valve bag 7 has been put on.
- the vacuum pump 10 is then switched on with the vacuum control valve 9 closed and the filling process begins in that the shut-off valves 17 and 18 are opened and the control valve 9 is opened at time t0.
- the vacuum chamber 6 When the control valve 9 opens, the vacuum chamber 6 is subjected to negative pressure, as a result of which the filling material 2 is conveyed through the conveying line 3 , the filling material line 4 and the filler neck 5 into the interior of the valve bag 7 .
- the weight of the sack 7 is recorded by the weighing device 12 .
- the course of the product weight from the start of the filling process to until the target weight is reached at time t 2 is in figure 2 represented by the dashed curve 25.
- the valve bag 7 is filled up to a point in time t 1 exclusively by negative pressure, that is to say in the same way as is done with conventional vacuum filling technology.
- time t 1 has been reached, that is, the first filling time in which is filled exclusively by vacuum, ended.
- the membrane pump 21 is actuated to deliver and the shut-off valve 18 in the delivery line 3 is actuated to close, so that now, in addition to the product weight generated by the vacuum, which is shown in the curve 27 shown as a solid line in figure 2 is shown, a further product flow occurs, which is caused by the pressure generated by the membrane pump 21 in the delivery line 20 and subsequently in the filling material line 4 .
- the filling weight additionally generated by the feed pump 21 is shown in the curve 28 in figure 2 shown, which is dash-double-dotted.
- part of the product weight is now generated by the negative pressure generated by pump 10 and part of the product weight is generated by the positive pressure generated by pump 21 .
- the product weight generated by the respective conveying flows is added, so that the curve 25 has already reached the target weight 23 at time t 2 , ie after the end of the filling time.
- the duration of the first filling time t 0 to t 1 is approximately half the total filling time t 0 to t 2 .
- the regulation is carried out via the differential pressure between the bag interior and the environment within the vacuum chamber 6, so based on the differential pressure determined by the sensors 15 and 16.
- This is to be controlled as constantly as possible after an initial build-up. That means in practice that when pressure is applied to the delivery line 20 and in the product line 4, the vacuum control valve 9 must be retracted in order to keep the differential pressure constant. Since the vacuum chamber 6 is to be subjected to negative pressure until the end of the filling time, i.e. until time t 2 , the negative pressure valve 9 is to be controlled in such a way that the negative pressure is reduced in comparison to the negative pressure required during the first filling time. This is based on figure 3 shown schematically, which shows the pressure curve over time.
- the differential pressure is shown as curve 29 corresponding to curve 29 in figure 2 shown.
- the dashed curve 30 shows the pressure applied by the delivery pump 21, whereas the solid curve 31 represents the pressure (negative pressure) generated by the vacuum pump 10 in conjunction with the vacuum control valve 9.
- the differential pressure 29 results from the addition of the overpressure generated by the pump 21 and the negative pressure generated by the pump 10 according to curve 31.
- this multi-stage filling process can also take place at other pressure levels. It is crucial that the permissible pressure difference is not exceeded, which at the same time limits the speed of the filling process.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Das Verfahren zum Befüllen eines zumindest teilweise gasdurchlässigen Behältnisses (7) mit schüttfähigem Gut (2) ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Behältnis (7) außenseitig mit einem Unterdruck beaufschlagt wird, um eine Füllgutzufuhr durch eine Füllgutleitung (4) in das Innere des Behältnisses (7) zu erzeugen wobei nach Ablauf einer ersten Füllzeit der Befüllvorgang durch Druckbeaufschlagung der Füllgutleitung (4) unterstützt wird.The method for filling an at least partially gas-permeable container (7) with pourable material (2) is characterized in that the container (7) is subjected to negative pressure on the outside in order to ensure that filling material is supplied through a filling material line (4) into the interior of the container ( 7) to generate after a first filling time the filling process is supported by pressurizing the filling material line (4).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Befüllen eines zumindest teilweise gasdurchlässigen Behältnisses sowie eine Befüllvorrichtung zum Ausführen dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for filling an at least partially gas-permeable container and a filling device for carrying out this method.
Zum Befüllen von gasdurchlässigen Behältnissen mit schüttfähigem Füllgut zählt es zum Stand der Technik, das Füllgut mittels eines Druckluftstroms in das Behältnis zu fördern, wobei die Druckluft durch die gasdurchlässige Wandung des Behältnisses hindurchtritt und das Füllgut im Behältnis verbleibt. Mit einer solchen Druckerhöhung kann insbesondere Füllgut mittlerer Schüttdichte beschleunigt abgefüllt werden, wie dies z.B. beim Befüllen von FIBCs der Fall sein kann.For filling gas-permeable containers with pourable filling material, it is part of the prior art to convey the filling material into the container by means of a stream of compressed air, the compressed air passing through the gas-permeable wall of the container and the filling material remaining in the container. With such a pressure increase, medium bulk density fillings in particular can be filled more quickly, as can be the case, for example, when filling FIBCs.
Insbesondere für Füllgut geringer Dichte und feiner Körnung zählt es zum Stand der Technik, das Füllgut durch Vakuumabsaugung zu fördern. Bei der Abfüllung mittels solcher Vakuumpacker, wie sie aus
Insbesondere beim Abfüllen hochdisperser Stoffe gilt es zu verhindern, dass das Füllgut bereits innerhalb der Füllgutleitung staut. Hierzu ist aus
Die Vakuumbefüllung hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen da hierbei zuverlässig sichergestellt werden kann, dass kein Füllgut in die Umgebung gelangt, da das zu befüllende Behältnis abgedichtet innerhalb der Vakuumkammer befindlich ist und die aus der Vakuumkammer abgesaugte Luft gegebenenfalls durch Filter noch gereinigt werden kann. Je feinkörniger das Füllgut ist, desto länger dauert der Abfüllvorgang, da mit zunehmenden Füllgrad des Behältnisses, also beispielsweise des Ventilsacks, sich die Gasdurchlässigkeit vermindert. Wenn solch pulverförmiges Füllgut geringer Dichte durch Vakuum in den Ventilsack eingesaugt wird, dann verdichtet sich dieses zu einem wenig gasdurchlässigen Füllgutkörper, darüber hinaus kann sich der verbleibende Teil des gasdurchlässigen Behältnisses mit Füllgut zusetzten, wodurch die Gasdurchlässigkeit verringert und damit auch die Füllgeschwindigkeit verlangsamt wird.Vacuum filling has proven to be particularly advantageous because it can be reliably ensured that no filling material gets into the environment, since the container to be filled is sealed inside the vacuum chamber and the air sucked out of the vacuum chamber can also be cleaned by filters if necessary. The more fine-grained the filling material is, the longer the filling process takes, since the gas permeability decreases with increasing filling level of the container, ie for example the valve bag. If such a low-density powdery filling material is sucked into the valve bag by vacuum, it then condenses into a filling material body that is not very gas-permeable. In addition, the remaining part of the gas-permeable container can become clogged with filling material, which reduces gas permeability and thus slows down the filling speed.
Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Verfahren zum Befüllen eines zumindest teilweise gasdurchlässigen Behältnisses, insbesondere eines Ventilsacks oder eines FIBCs mit schüttfähigem Gut dahingehend zu verbessern, dass die Füllgeschwindigkeit erhöht wird. Darüber hinaus soll eine Befüllvorrichtung bereitgestellt werden, mit der ein solch verbessertes Verfahren durchführbar ist.Against this background, the invention is based on the object of improving a method for filling an at least partially gas-permeable container, in particular a valve bag or an FIBC, with pourable material such that the filling speed is increased. In addition, a filling device is to be provided with which such an improved method can be carried out.
Der verfahrensmäßige Teil dieser Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst, eine Befüllvorrichtung zum Ausführen dieses Verfahrens ist in Anspruch 8 angegeben. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens und der Befüllvorrichtung sind in den Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen angeben.The procedural part of this object is achieved by a method according to
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Befüllen eines zumindest teilweise gasdurchlässigen Behältnisses wie beispielsweise eines Ventilsacks oder eines FIBCs, mit schüttfähigem Füllgut, bei dem das Behältnis außenseitig mit einen Unterdruck beaufschlagt wird, um eine Füllgutzufuhr durch eine Füllgutleitung in das Innere des Behältnisses zu erzeugen ist gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach Ablauf einer ersten Füllzeit der Befüllvorgang durch Druckbeaufschlagung der Füllgutleitung unterstützt wird.The method according to the invention for filling an at least partially gas-permeable container such as a valve bag or an FIBC with pourable filling material, in which the container is subjected to negative pressure on the outside in order to generate a filling material supply through a filling material line into the interior of the container is according to the invention characterized in that after a first filling time has elapsed, the filling process is supported by pressurizing the filling material line.
Grundgedanke des erfindungsgemäßen Befüllverfahrens ist es, einen zweistufigen Füllvorgang vorzusehen, und zwar zunächst in einer ersten Stufe durch Vakuumbefüllung, da dies insbesondere bei Füllgut geringer Dichte und feiner Körnung die effektivste und schnellste Methode zum Befüllen des Behältnisses darstellt. Um allerdings dann, wenn nach anfänglichem Befüllen die Füllgeschwindigkeit auf Grund der eingangs beschriebenen Problematik abnimmt, wird gemäß der Erfindung durch eine Druckbeaufschlagung der Füllgutleitung der Befüllvorgang unterstützt und damit gegenüber dem reinen Vakuumbefüllen bzw. dem reinen Druckbefüllen deutlich beschleunigt. Dabei erfolgt der Einsatz der Druckbeaufschlagung vorzugsweise nicht schlagartig, sondern ansteigend entsprechend der Abnahme der Füllgeschwindigkeit. Dabei ist während des gesamten Befüllvorgangs der Vorgang so zu steuern, dass es zu keiner Zeit zu einer Überlastung der Behältniswand kommt. Dies ist insbesondere bei Behältnissen aus Papier wichtig, grundsätzlich jedoch auch bei aus Gewebe bestehenden Behältnissen oder dergleichen. Die Druckbeaufschlagung erfolgt beispielsweise mittels einer Förderpumpe, welche das Füllgut aktiv fördert, wodurch die Druckbeaufschlagung erfolgt.The basic idea of the filling method according to the invention is to provide a two-stage filling process, namely initially in a first stage by vacuum filling, since this is the most effective and fastest method for filling the container, especially with filling material of low density and fine grain. However, if the filling speed decreases after initial filling due to the problems described above, the filling process is supported according to the invention by pressurizing the filling material line and thus significantly accelerated compared to pure vacuum filling or pure pressure filling. In this case, the application of pressure preferably does not take place suddenly, but rather increases in accordance with the decrease in the filling speed. During the entire filling process, the process must be controlled in such a way that the container wall is never overloaded. This is particularly important in the case of containers made of paper, but in principle also in the case of containers made of fabric or the like. The pressure is applied, for example, by means of a feed pump, which actively conveys the filling material, whereby the pressure is applied.
Bei geeigneter Wahl der Parameter kann in der Praxis eine Beschleunigung des Befüllvorgangs mit einem Faktor 2 oder mehr gegenüber der reinen Vakkumabfüllung erreicht werden.If the parameters are selected appropriately, in practice the filling process can be accelerated by a factor of 2 or more compared to pure vacuum filling.
Unterdruck im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Druck, der unterhalb des atmosphärischen Drucks liegt, ein solcher Unterdruck wird in der Abfülltechnik auch als Vakuum bezeichnet. Es versteht sich, dass somit Vakuum im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung nicht der ideale Vakuumdruck 0 ist, sondern ein beliebiger Unterdruck zwischen diesen Druck 0 und den atmosphärischen Druck. Die Ausdrücke Vakuum und Unterdruck werden daher synonym verwendet.Negative pressure within the meaning of the present invention is a pressure that is below atmospheric pressure; such a negative pressure is also referred to as a vacuum in filling technology. It goes without saying that vacuum in the sense of the present invention is not the ideal vacuum pressure 0, but any negative pressure between this pressure 0 and atmospheric pressure. The terms vacuum and negative pressure are therefore used synonymously.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bleibt die nach Ablauf der ersten Füllzeit unterstütze Druckbeaufschlagung der Füllgutleitung bis zum Ende oder bis nahe zum Ende des Befüllvorgangs aufrechterhalten. Es versteht sich, dass vorteilhaft die außenseitige Unterdruckbeaufschlagung des Behältnisses während des gesamten Befüllvorgangs beibehalten wird, wobei nach Einleitung der Druckbeaufschlagung der Füllgutleitung die Unterdruckbeaufschlagung gegebenenfalls verringert werden kann, um die zulässige Belastung des Behältnisses nicht zu überschreiten. Unter "bis nahe zum Ende" ist ein Zeitabschnitt innerhalb der letzten 5% bis 10% der Gesamtfüllzeit zu verstehen. Es kann zweckmäßig sein, den Füllvorgang kurz vor seinem Ende zu verlangsamen, um so die Füllgenauigkeit zu erhöhen. Dies erfolgt dann zweckmäßigerweise dadurch, dass die Druckbeaufschlagung, also die aktive Befüllung durch die Pumpe beendet und der Füllvorgang nur mittels Vakuumbefüllung abgeschlossen wird.According to an advantageous development of the method according to the invention, the pressurization of the filling material line, which is supported after the end of the first filling time, is maintained until the end or almost the end of the filling process. It goes without saying that the negative pressure on the outside of the container is advantageously maintained during the entire filling process, with the negative pressure being able to be reduced after initiation of the pressurization of the filling material line, so as not to exceed the permissible load on the container. By "near the end" is meant a period of time within the last 5% to 10% of the total fill time. It can be useful to slow down the filling process shortly before it ends in order to increase the filling accuracy. This then expediently takes place in that the pressurization, ie the active filling by the pump, ends and the filling process is only completed by means of vacuum filling.
In der Praxis als vorteilhaft hat sich erwiesen, wenn die Dauer der ersten Füllzeit, also die Dauer während der ausschließlich Vakuumabfüllung erfolgt, etwa die Hälfte, bis Zweidrittel der Dauer der Gesamtfüllzeit beträgt. Wenn also die Gesamtfüllzeit beispielsweise 10 Sekunden beträgt, dann hat es sich als praktikabel erwiesen, die ersten fünf bis sieben Sekunden der Füllzeit ausschließlich mittels Vakuum zu füllen und erst nach fünf, spätestens nach sieben Sekunden die Druckbeaufschlagung zur Beschleunigung des Befüllvorgangs unterstützend hinzuzufügen.In practice, it has proven to be advantageous if the duration of the first filling time, ie the duration during which vacuum filling takes place exclusively, is approximately half to two thirds of the duration of the total filling time. If the total filling time is 10 seconds, for example, then it has proven to be practicable to fill the first five to seven seconds of the filling time exclusively with a vacuum and only after five, at the latest after seven seconds, to add pressure to support the filling process.
Diese Werte können im Einzelfall auch abweichen, dies ist abhängig von der Dichte des Füllguts, der Korngröße des Füllguts, dem Material des Behältnisses, insbesondere des gasdurchlässigen Teils des Behältnisses und dem Volumen des Behältnisses.These values can also deviate in individual cases, depending on the density of the filling, the grain size of the filling, the material of the container, in particular the gas-permeable part of the container and the volume of the container.
Da beim Vakuumbefüllen des Behältnisses die Füllgeschwindigkeit mit zunehmender Füllzeit abnimmt ist es zweckmäßig das Ende der ersten Füllzeit, also den Zeitpunkt, wenn eine unterstützende Druckbeaufschlagung der Füllgutleitung beginnen soll, durch das Absinken der Füllgeschwindigkeit auf einen vorbestimmten Wert zu bestimmen. Eine solche Bestimmung ist in der Regel günstiger als eine feste Zeitdauer der ersten Füllzeit festzulegen, da hierdurch individuelle Abweichungen im einzelnen Befüllvorgang besser berücksichtigt werden.Since the filling speed decreases with increasing filling time during vacuum filling of the container, it is expedient to determine the end of the first filling time, i.e. the point in time when a supportive pressurization of the filling material line is to begin, by the dropping of the filling speed to a predetermined value. Such a determination is generally more favorable than specifying a fixed period of time for the first filling time, since individual deviations in the individual filling process are better taken into account as a result.
Vorteilhaft wird das erfindungsgemäße Befüllverfahren unter Anwendung einer Differenzdruckregelung durchgeführt, welche den Differenzdruck zwischen dem im Behältnis herrschenden Druck und dem das Behältnis umgebenden Druck umfasst. Ein solcher maximaler Differenzdruck ist in der Regel durch das Material des Behältnisses vorgegeben, dieser darf nicht überschritten werden, um eine Beschädigung des Behältnisses zu vermeiden. Ein solcher Differenzdruck wird vorteilhaft nach dem anfänglichen Aufbau zu Beginn des Füllvorgangs auf einen konstanten Wert geregelt, z.B. durch eine PID-Regelung. Eine solche Differenzdruckregelung sorgt auch dafür, dass mit Druckbeaufschlagung der Füllgutleitung zur Unterstützung des Befüllvorgangs gegebenenfalls die Unterdruckbeaufschlagung verringert wird, um die Materialbeanspruchung des Behältnisses in zulässigen Grenzen zu halten.The filling method according to the invention is advantageously carried out using differential pressure regulation, which includes the differential pressure between the pressure prevailing in the container and the pressure surrounding the container. Such a maximum differential pressure is usually specified by the material of the container, this must not be exceeded in order to avoid damage to the container. Such a differential pressure advantageously becomes constant after the initial build-up at the beginning of the filling process Value controlled, eg by a PID controller. Such a differential pressure control also ensures that when the filling material line is pressurized to support the filling process, the application of negative pressure is reduced, if necessary, in order to keep the material stress on the container within permissible limits.
In der Praxis hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, den Differenzdruck auf einen Wert zwischen 300 mbar und 800 mbar, vorzugsweise zwischen 500 mbar und 700 mbar zu regeln. Diese Werte sind insbesondere zum Befüllen von Ventilsäcken und FIBCs geeignet.In practice, it has proven advantageous to control the differential pressure to a value between 300 mbar and 800 mbar, preferably between 500 mbar and 700 mbar. These values are particularly suitable for filling valve bags and FIBCs.
Dabei ist die Differenzdruckregelung zweckmäßigerweise so auszulegen, dass die Unterdruckbeaufschlagung während des gesamten Befüllvorgangs aufrechterhalten bleibt, also bis zum Ende des Befüllvorgangs. Hierdurch kann vorteilhaft sichergestellt werden, dass kein Füllgut in die Umgebung gelangt, sondern gezielt abgeführt wird.In this case, the differential pressure regulation is expediently designed in such a way that the application of negative pressure is maintained throughout the entire filling process, that is to say until the end of the filling process. In this way, it can advantageously be ensured that no filling material gets into the environment, but rather is removed in a targeted manner.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Befüllvorrichtung, welche zur Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgesehen und geeignet ist, weist eine Unterdruckkammer auf, in welche eine Füllgutleitung mündet, die aus einem Füllgutbehälter gespeist wird. Die Unterdruckkammer ist zur Aufnahme des zum befüllenden Behältnisses vorgesehen und ausgebildet. Dabei sind soweit erforderlich Dichtmittel zum Abdichten der Füllgutleitung gegenüber den zu befüllenden Behältnis vorgesehen, in welches die Füllgutleitung mündet. Gemäß der Erfindung ist die Befüllvorrichtung dadurch besonders gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel zum Druckbeaufschlagen der Füllgutleitung vorgesehen sind, welche eine Druckbeaufschlagung während des Abfüllvorgangs bewirken und damit den Befüllvorgang unterstützen.A filling device according to the invention, which is provided and suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention, has a vacuum chamber into which a filling material line opens, which is fed from a filling material container. The vacuum chamber is provided and designed to accommodate the container to be filled. Where necessary, sealing means are provided for sealing off the filling material line from the container to be filled, into which the filling material line opens. According to the invention, the filling device is particularly characterized in that means for pressurizing the filling material line are provided, which cause pressurization during the filling process and thus support the filling process.
Wesentlich dabei ist, dass die Mittel zum Druckbeaufschlagen der Füllgutleitung so ausgestaltet sind, dass sie während des Abfüllvorgangs unterstützend eingesetzt werden können. Solche Mittel können durch geeignete Pumpen, Kompressoren in Verbindung mit strahlpumpenähnlichen Strahlführungen oder bevorzugt durch eine Membranpumpe gebildet sein, welche möglichst wenig Gas insbesondere Luft in das Füllsystem einträgt.It is essential that the means for pressurizing the filling material line are designed in such a way that during the filling process can be used to support. Such means can be formed by suitable pumps, compressors in connection with jet guides similar to jet pumps or preferably by a diaphragm pump which introduces as little gas as possible, in particular air, into the filling system.
Maschinenseitig ist es vorteilhaft, die Befüllvorrichtung so auszugestalten, dass zwei Förderleitungen vorgesehen sind, die in eine gemeinsame Füllgutleitung münden, von denen eine Förderleitung zur Unterdruckförderung und die andere zur Druckförderung vorgesehen ist. In der Förderleitung zur Druckförderung ist dann eine entsprechende druckerhöhende Pumpe, ventilhaft eine Membranpumpe vorgesehen wohingegen in der Leitung zur Unterdruckförderung ein Ventil vorgesehen ist, mit welchem diese ganz oder teilweise absperrbar ist. Gegen Ende des Befüllvorgangs, wenn die unterstützende Druckbeaufschlagung in der Förderleitung maximal ist, jedoch die Unterdruckbeaufschlagung in der Unterdruckkammer noch vorgehalten sein muss, dann ist es in der Regel zweckmäßig die Unterdruckförderleitung abzusperren um einen ausreichenden Unterdruck in der Unterdruckkammer aufrecht erhalten zu können.On the machine side, it is advantageous to design the filling device in such a way that two delivery lines are provided, which open into a common filling material line, of which one delivery line is provided for vacuum delivery and the other for pressure delivery. A corresponding pressure-increasing pump is then provided in the feed line for pressure feed, and a membrane pump is provided as a valve, whereas a valve is provided in the line for vacuum feed, with which this can be shut off completely or partially. Towards the end of the filling process, when the supporting pressurization in the delivery line is at its maximum, but the negative pressure in the vacuum chamber must still be maintained, it is usually advisable to shut off the negative pressure delivery line in order to be able to maintain a sufficient negative pressure in the negative pressure chamber.
Vorteilhaft weist die Befüllvorrichtung eine Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung auf, welche zur Regelung eines Differenzdrucks während des Füllvorgangs zwischen dem Inneren des zu befüllenden Behältnisses und dem umgebenden Raum in der Unterdruckkammer vorgesehen und ausgebildet ist. Eine solche Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung ist vorteilhaft mit entsprechender Sensorik verbunden, nämlich Mitteln zum Erfassen des Drucks in der Unterdruckkammer und zum Erfassen des Drucks im Inneren des zu befüllenden Behältnisses und/oder zum Erfassen des Drucks in der Füllgutleitung. Die Druckerfassung kann mittels Drucksensoren erfolgen, wobei ein Drucksensor vorteilhaft in der Unterdrucckammer angeordnet ist und ein anderer am oder nahe am Ende der Füllgutleitung zum Erfassen des Innendrucks. Der Druck am Ende der Füllgutleitung, also im Bereich des Füllstutzens, steht in einem vorbestimmten Verhältnis zum Druck im Inneren des Behältnisses oder entspricht diesem, sodass durch Anordnung eines Drucksensors im Bereich des Füllstutzens eine aufwendige Drucksensoranordnung innerhalb des Behältnisses meist verzichtbar ist.The filling device advantageously has a control and regulating device which is provided and designed to regulate a differential pressure during the filling process between the interior of the container to be filled and the surrounding space in the vacuum chamber. Such a control and regulating device is advantageously connected to appropriate sensors, namely means for detecting the pressure in the vacuum chamber and for detecting the pressure inside the container to be filled and/or for detecting the pressure in the filling material line. The pressure can be detected by means of pressure sensors, one pressure sensor being advantageously arranged in the negative pressure chamber and another at or near the end of the Product line for recording the internal pressure. The pressure at the end of the product line, i.e. in the area of the filler neck, is in a predetermined ratio to the pressure inside the container or corresponds to it, so that by arranging a pressure sensor in the area of the filler neck, a complex pressure sensor arrangement inside the container can usually be dispensed with.
Die Befüllvorrichtung weist zur Erzeugung des Unterdrucks in der Unterdruckkammer vorteilhaft eine mit der Unterdruckkammer verbundene Leitung auf, welche mit einer Vakuumpumpe verbunden ist, wobei in der Leitung eine Vakuumregelventil eingegliedert ist, welches in die Regeleinrichtung eingebunden ist, also von der Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung gesteuert ist. Grundsätzlich ist eine entsprechende Steuerung der Vakuumpumpe denkbar, in der Praxis einfacher und schneller ist jedoch meist die Steuerung eines Vakuumregelventils.In order to generate the negative pressure in the negative pressure chamber, the filling device advantageously has a line which is connected to the negative pressure chamber and is connected to a vacuum pump, with a vacuum control valve being integrated in the line and being integrated into the control device, i.e. controlled by the control and regulation device is. In principle, a corresponding control of the vacuum pump is conceivable, but in practice it is usually simpler and faster to control a vacuum control valve.
Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist es, in der Füllgutleitung ein Absperrventil vorzusehen, damit der Füllvorgang beim Erreichen eines vorbestimmten Füllgewichts oder Füllvolumens zunächst durch Absperren der Füllgutleitung unterbrochen bzw. beendet werden kann, wobei durch Aufrechterhaltung des Unterdrucks dafür Sorge getragen ist, dass das Füllmaterial vollständig in das zu befüllende Behältnis eingebracht wird und damit der Füllvorgang sauber abgeschlossen ist, bevor die Unterdrucckammer zum Entfernen des gefüllten Behältnisses geöffnet wird.It is also advantageous to provide a shut-off valve in the filling material line, so that the filling process can be interrupted or ended when a predetermined filling weight or filling volume is reached by shutting off the filling material line, whereby maintaining the negative pressure ensures that the filling material can be completely poured into the to be filled container is introduced and thus the filling process is completed clean before the vacuum chamber is opened to remove the filled container.
Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen
Figur 1- in stark schematisierter und vereinfachter Darstellung den grundsätzlichen Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Befüllvorrichtung,
Figur 2- ein Diagramm betreffend den Füllvorgang über die Zeit nach den erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und nach dem Stand der Technik und
Figur 3- den Druckverlauf während des Befüllvorgangs.
- figure 1
- in a highly schematic and simplified representation, the basic structure of a filling device according to the invention,
- figure 2
- a diagram relating to the filling process over time according to the method according to the invention and according to the prior art and
- figure 3
- the pressure curve during the filling process.
Die anhand von
Die Befüllvorrichtung weist einen Vorratsbehälter 1 zur Aufnahme von Füllgut 2 auf, welcher über eine Förderleitung 3, mit einer Füllgutleitung 4 verbunden ist. Am Ende der Füllgutleitung ist ein Füllstutzen 5 angeordnet, der innerhalb einer Vakuumkammer 6 endet, die zur Aufnahme eines zu füllenden Behältnisses 7 ausgebildet ist. Diese vollständig gegenüber der Umgebung abschließbare Vakuumkammer 6 ist über eine Vakuumleitung 8 unter Zwischenschaltung eines Vakuumregelventils 9 mit einer Vakuumpumpe 10 verbunden, deren Ausgangsleitung 11 gegebenenfalls unter Zwischenschaltung von Filtern in die Außenatmosphäre mündet.The filling device has a
Dabei ist die Vakuumkammer 6 über eine Wägeeinrichtung 12 mit dem Maschinengestell verbunden, mit der das Füllgewicht des Behältnisses 7 bestimmt werden kann. Innerhalb der Vakuumkammer 6 ist ein Stützkörper 13 angeordnet, welcher zur seitlichen und bodenseitigen Abstützung des Behältnisses 7 während des Füllvorgangs dient. Dieser Stutzkörper 13 ist gitterartig ausgebildet.The vacuum chamber 6 is connected to the machine frame via a weighing
Weiterhin weist die Befüllvorrichtung eine Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 14 auf, die ausgangsseitig zur Steuerung des Vakuumregelventils 9 vorgesehen ist und eingangsseitig über einen ersten Drucksensor 15 den Druck in der Vakuumkammer 6 und über ein zweiten Drucksensor 16 den Druck innerhalb des Behältnisses 7 erfasst. Dieser zweite Drucksensor 16 am Ende der Füllgutleitung 4 innerhalb des Füllstutzen 5 angeordnet.Furthermore, the filling device has a control and regulating
In der Füllgutleitung 4 ist ein Absperrventil 17 angeordnet welches von der Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 14 gesteuert ist und nicht nur zum Öffnen und Schließen der Füllgutleitung 14 vorgesehen ist, sondern auch in Zwischenstellungen verbringbar ist. Ein entsprechendes Absperrventil 18 ist in der Förderleitung 3 vom Vorratsbehälter 1 zur Füllgutleitung 4 vorgesehen.A shut-off
Die Vakuumkammer 6 kann zum Zwecke der Entnahme eines gefüllten Behältnisses 7 und zum Einbringen eines leeren Behältnisses 7 geöffnet werden, der Füllstutzen 5 ist dicht in die Vakuumkammer 6 geführt und über eine Dichtung 19 gegenüber dem Behältnis 7 abgedichtet. Der vorbeschriebene Aufbau entspricht dem eines Vakuumpackers nach dem Stand der Technik.The vacuum chamber 6 can be opened for the purpose of removing a filled container 7 and introducing an empty container 7; The structure described above corresponds to that of a vacuum packer according to the prior art.
Dem gegenüber zusätzlich weist die Befüllvorrichtung eine parallel zur Förderleitung 3 geführte zweite Förderleitung 20 auf, die ebenfalls den Vorratsbehälter 1 mit der Füllgutleitung 4 verbindet und in der eine Membranpumpe 21 eingegliedert ist, die von der Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 14 gesteuert wird. Darüber hinaus weist die Befüllvorrichtung einen dritten Drucksensor 22 auf, welcher den Druck in der Füllgutleitung 4 zwischen der Förderleitung 3, 20 und dem Absperrventil 17 erfasst. Auch dieser Sensor 22 ist mit der Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 14 signalverbunden.In contrast, the filling device also has a
Die Befüllung eines Behältnisses 7 mit der vorbeschriebenen Befüllvorrichtung erfolgt dabei wie folgt:
Das Behältnis 7, beispielsweise ein Ventilsack, wird bei geöffneter Vakuumkammer 6 mit dem Füllventil auf den Füllstutzen 5 aufgesetzt, wonach die Dichtung 19, die den Füllstutzen 5 ringförmig umgibt, mit Druckluft beaufschlagt wird, wodurch dieser gegenüber dem Inneren des Ventilsacks 7 abgedichtet ist. Der Ventilsack befindet innerhalb des Stutzkörpers 13 innerhalb der Vakuumkammer 6, die nach Aufsetzen des Ventilsacks 7 dicht verschlossen wird. Sodann wird die Vakuumpumpe 10 bei geschlossenen Vakuumregelventil 9 eingeschaltet und der Füllvorgang beginnt, indem die Absperrventile 17 und 18 geöffnet und das Regelventil 9 zum Zeitpunkt to geöffnet wird.A container 7 is filled with the filling device described above as follows:
The container 7, for example a valve bag, is placed with the filling valve on the filling spout 5 with the vacuum chamber 6 open, after which the seal 19, which surrounds the filling spout 5 in a ring, is pressurized with compressed air, as a result of which it is sealed off from the interior of the valve bag 7. The valve bag is located within the supporting body 13 within the vacuum chamber 6, which is tightly closed after the valve bag 7 has been put on. The vacuum pump 10 is then switched on with the vacuum control valve 9 closed and the filling process begins in that the shut-off
Mit Öffnen des Regelventils 9 wird die Vakuumkammer 6 mit Unterdruck beaufschlagt, wodurch ein Förderstrom von Füllgut 2 durch die Förderleitung 3, die Füllgutleitung 4 und den Füllstutzen 5 in das Innere des Ventilsacks 7 erfolgt. Dabei wird das Gewicht des Sacks 7 durch die Wägeeinrichtung 12 erfasst. Der Verlauf des Produktgewichtes von Beginn des Füllvorgangs to an bis zum Erreichen des Sollgewichts am Zeitpunkt t2 ist in
Wenn der Produktstrom auf einen vorbestimmten Wert abfällt oder aber die Geschwindigkeit der Zunahme des Produktgewichtes, wie sie in Kurve 25 dargestellt ist, auf einen bestimmten Wert abfällt, dann ist der Zeitpunkt t1 erreicht, das heißt, die erste Füllzeit, in welcher ausschließlich durch Unterdruck befüllt wird, beendet. Im Zeitpunkt t1 wird die Membranpumpe 21 fördernd angesteuert und das Absperrventil 18 in der Förderleitung 3 schließend angesteuert, sodass nun neben dem durch Unterdruck erzeugten Produktgewicht, welches in der in durchgezogener Linie dargestellten Kurve 27 in
Zum Vergleich ist in
Wie die in
Grundsätzlich kann dieses mehrstufige Füllverfahren auch in anderen Druckebenen erfolgen, entscheidend ist, dass die zulässige Druckdifferenz nicht überschritten wird, welche zugleich die Geschwindigkeit des Befüllvorgangs begrenzt.In principle, this multi-stage filling process can also take place at other pressure levels. It is crucial that the permissible pressure difference is not exceeded, which at the same time limits the speed of the filling process.
- 11
- Vorratsbehälterreservoir
- 22
- Füllgutcontents
- 33
- Förderleitungdelivery line
- 44
- Füllgutleitungproduct line
- 55
- Füllstutzenfiller neck
- 66
- Vakuumkammervacuum chamber
- 77
- Behältniscontainer
- 88th
- Vakuumleitungvacuum line
- 99
- Vakuumregelventilvacuum control valve
- 1010
- Vakuumpumpevacuum pump
- 1111
- Ausgangsleitungoutput line
- 1212
- Wägeeinrichtungweighing device
- 1313
- Stutzkörpersupporting body
- 1414
- Steuer- und Regeleinrichtungcontrol and regulation device
- 1515
- erster Drucksensorfirst pressure sensor
- 1616
- zweiter Drucksensorsecond pressure sensor
- 1717
- Absperrventilshut-off valve
- 1818
- Absperrventilshut-off valve
- 1919
- Dichtungpoetry
- 2020
- weitere Förderleitungfurther delivery line
- 2121
- Membranpumpediaphragm pump
- 2222
- dritter Drucksensorthird pressure sensor
- 2323
- Sollgewichttarget weight
- 2525
- gestrichelte Kurve, zeitlicher Verlauf des Produktgewichtes im Behältnis 7dashed curve, product weight over time in container 7
- 2626
- strichpunktierte Kurve, zeitlicher Verlauf des durch Unterdruck erzeugtem Produktstromsdash-dotted curve, time course of the product flow generated by negative pressure
- 2727
- Kurve, die den zeitlichen Verlauf des durch Unterdruck erzeugtem Produktgewichtes im Behältnis 7 zeigtCurve which shows the product weight in container 7 generated by negative pressure over time
- 2828
- strichdoppelpunktierte Kurve, welche den zeitlichen Verlauf des durch die Förderpumpe erzeugten Produktgewichtes zeigtdash-double-dotted curve which shows the product weight generated by the feed pump over time
- 2929
- gepunktete Kurve, die den Differenzdruck zwischen dem Behältnisinneren und den Inneren der Vakuumkammer zeigtdotted curve showing the differential pressure between the container interior and the interiors of the vacuum chamber
- 3030
-
gestrichelte Kurve, welche den durch die Pumpe 21 erzeugten Druck zeigtdashed curve showing the pressure generated by the
pump 21 - 3131
- Kurve, welche den durch die Vakuumpumpe 10 erzeugten Unterdruck zeigtCurve showing the negative pressure generated by the vacuum pump 10
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP21168396.6A EP4074610A1 (en) | 2021-04-14 | 2021-04-14 | Method for filling an at least partially gas-permeable container |
US17/575,845 US11858668B2 (en) | 2021-04-14 | 2022-01-14 | Method for filling an at least partially gas-permeable container |
CN202210060069.8A CN115196058B (en) | 2021-04-14 | 2022-01-19 | Method for filling at least partially gas-permeable containers |
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EP21168396.6A EP4074610A1 (en) | 2021-04-14 | 2021-04-14 | Method for filling an at least partially gas-permeable container |
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EP4074610A1 true EP4074610A1 (en) | 2022-10-19 |
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EP21168396.6A Pending EP4074610A1 (en) | 2021-04-14 | 2021-04-14 | Method for filling an at least partially gas-permeable container |
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US (1) | US11858668B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4074610A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20220332446A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 |
US11858668B2 (en) | 2024-01-02 |
CN115196058A (en) | 2022-10-18 |
CN115196058B (en) | 2024-06-14 |
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