EP2621695B1 - Process of manufacturing of a wood composite material and a wood composite material - Google Patents

Process of manufacturing of a wood composite material and a wood composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2621695B1
EP2621695B1 EP11771058.2A EP11771058A EP2621695B1 EP 2621695 B1 EP2621695 B1 EP 2621695B1 EP 11771058 A EP11771058 A EP 11771058A EP 2621695 B1 EP2621695 B1 EP 2621695B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
wood composite
composite material
binder
wood
material according
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EP11771058.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2621695A1 (en
Inventor
Peter GRÄTER
Stephan Frybort
Ulrich Müller
Raimund Mauritz
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Doka GmbH
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Doka GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/005—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres and foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wood composite material which is suitable for the production of supporting elements, and a method for its production.
  • the wood components of conventional board materials as well as the special wood materials such as squeeze, scrimber, TimTek, Srimtec, SST, etc. are significantly compressed in the production.
  • this pressing process is accompanied by a densification of the cell structure of the wood (cell collapse).
  • cell collapse With water absorption, such a deformation can be partially reversed by the strongly hygroscopic properties of the wood and by the swelling of the cell walls. But this is accompanied by strong swelling of the compressed parts and thus of the whole plate material.
  • EP-A1-1588814 discloses a wood composite having a density of 300 kg / m 3 to 800 kg / m 3 and having a modulus of elasticity of 3000 MPa to 14100 MPa.
  • the wood composite according to the invention has a density of 200-550 kg / m 3 , preferably 300-550 kg / m 3 .
  • the stiffness, measured as modulus of elasticity in the 4-point bending test according to EN 789, is 4,000-12,000 MPa, preferably 5,000-12,000 MPa, particularly preferably 6,000-12,000 MPa.
  • the wood composite material has a density of 300-550 kg / m 3 and a stiffness (modulus of elasticity) of 6,000-12,000 MPa.
  • the wood composite according to the invention comprises macrofibres made of wood with a degree of slimming (ratio of length to thickness of the fibers) greater than 20.
  • the macrofibers used have a length of 100-400 mm, more preferably 150-300 mm. It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that it can not be ruled out in terms of production technology that the fibers used always comprise a certain proportion of shorter fibers.
  • the wood composite according to the invention further comprises a binder which has a predominantly fine-pored foam structure in the cured state such that 90-95% of the pores have a pore size in the range of 30-500 .mu.m, preferably 50-300 .mu.m, measured by a microscope on a section through have the material, and which forms a foam having a density of 30-300 kg / m 3 , preferably 80-200 kg / m 3 , with free foaming.
  • the unreacted binder is poured into an open-topped vessel. Due to the chemical reaction, the binder foams up and can expand freely through the opening. After curing, the over-swollen foam is cleanly separated with a knife.
  • the density of the free-foamed binder can be calculated from the previously determined volume and weight of the vessel and the weight of the foam-filled vessel.
  • the macro fibers used may be modified by suitable measures before further processing.
  • suitable measures include, for example, acetylation or impregnation with suitable resins or chemicals, e.g. Melamine resin or DMDHEU, thermal modification or other known swell-compensating measures.
  • suitable resins or chemicals e.g. Melamine resin or DMDHEU
  • thermal modification or other known swell-compensating measures e.g. Melamine resin or DMDHEU
  • the swelling of the fibers is reduced in moisture absorption and the total swelling of the wood composite material particularly low. This allows swelling values of less than 2% to 4% to be achieved.
  • the macrofibres used in the wood composite according to the invention can be impregnated very easily.
  • the modification of solid wood fails in many cases due to the lack of impregnability of the wood.
  • the binder used according to the invention is preferably a polymer-based binder.
  • a polymer-based binder for example, epoxy resin, isocyanate (including polyurethane), melamine, urea, phenolic foams or mixtures thereof can be used.
  • a polyurethane system is used, such as a one- or multi-component polyurethane system, in particular a two-component polyurethane system.
  • thermoplastic foams such as polystyrene (eg EPS or EPX).
  • the wood composite according to the invention further contains particles which can be excited by fields, e.g. Iron oxide particles.
  • the foaming and curing process of the binder can be initiated (started) and / or accelerated by application of a field (e.g., induction, microwave, radio frequency, radiation, etc.).
  • the particles may conveniently be introduced into the binder prior to the production of the wood composite material, but they may also be used separately.
  • heat, hot air or steam can be used to initiate or accelerate the foaming and curing process of the binder.
  • the binder is applied to the aligned macrofibers (sequence of steps: a, b, c, d and e).
  • the binder may also be applied prior to aligning the macrofibre (sequence of steps: a, c, b, d and e).
  • the method may advantageously be continuously, e.g. be carried out by means of a belt press.
  • the macrofibers are dried and oriented substantially uniaxially (i.e., in parallel) on press sheets or dies.
  • the binder is applied between and / or on the aligned macrofibers.
  • the application of the binder can be carried out by methods established in the wood industry, e.g. Spray or gluing or gluing.
  • the foaming time of the binder is adjusted so that the foaming process begins predominantly only after the press has been closed. That the binder system is chemically adjusted so that the foaming start time is delayed such that the press or die can be closed before significant foaming occurs.
  • the macrofibers are preferably only minimally compressed, so that the density of the wood composite material produced does not differ significantly from the density of the wood used. Since the macrofibers are compressed only insignificantly in the process according to the invention, the sources occurring in the event of later contact with water or when stored in water can be minimized or avoided. As a result, swelling values can be obtained which are in the range of the swelling of the used wood or even below. This is an essential one Advantage over conventional wood-based materials, which have a mostly high wood compaction and thereby have a significantly higher swelling than the wood used in contact with water.
  • the externally applied pressing pressure acts, on the other hand, a frictional pressure develops due to the foaming of the binder, so that the binder substantially completely penetrates the network of macro fibers and largely completely wets them on its surface.
  • the macrofibers are thus surrounded by a binder matrix and are thus well protected against moisture absorption.
  • the binder Since the binder is introduced by the expansion of the binder in the network of macrofibres, creates a very homogeneous material with uniform density, in which almost all cavities are filled with the foam structure and the fibers are almost completely surrounded by foam (enveloped).
  • the inventive method in particular when using a two-component polyurethane system as a binder, the advantage that only insignificantly heat must be supplied to start the cure.
  • the necessary heat can already be introduced by slight preheating of the macro fibers (for example to 30-90 ° C., preferably 50 ° C.).
  • the press can be reopened immediately. Even if not complete Hardened plates of the wood composite material according to the invention, however, the plates are not destroyed in contrast to conventional wood-based panels by so-called splitter. Due to a possible post-hardening, the wood composite material according to the invention merely causes attrition.
  • the wood composite according to the invention is suitable for all products that are made of solid wood or wood-based materials, such as chipboard or OSB, etc. Due to the lower density of the use of the wood composite material according to the invention leads to a lower weight of the products thus produced.
  • Macrofibers are dried by a warm (50 ° C) air stream and several days in a room climate of 20 ° C and 65% rel. Humidity stored, resulting in a wood moisture of about 12%.
  • 210 g of the macrofibers are oriented as exactly as possible parallel to one another.
  • 50% of the fibers are placed in an aluminum mold (30 ⁇ 12 cm) heated to 50 ° C. and uniformly wetted with 60 g of two components of polyurethane (from RAMPF No. 80 L86 / 4-1). Subsequently, the remaining 50% of the fibers are placed in the mold and the mold is closed, so that the inserted macrofibres are compressed to a height of 16 mm. Due to the chemical reaction of the two components of the polyurethane with the water available in the wood foams this strong. After 30 min. the foam is completely cured and the wood composite material can be removed from the mold.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Holzverbundwerkstoff, der zur Herstellung von Trageelementen geeignet ist, und ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung.The present invention relates to a wood composite material which is suitable for the production of supporting elements, and a method for its production.

Hintergrundbackground

Bei Tragelementen, die auf Biegung beansprucht werden, stellt das Eigengewicht des Werkstoffs eine wichtige Materialkenngröße dar. Werkstoffe mit geringer Dichte und trotzdem ausreichend hoher Festigkeit und Steifigkeit bieten aufgrund ihrer geringeren durch das Eigengewicht verursachten Durchbiegung Vorteile gegenüber Werkstoffen mit gleichen mechanischen Eigenschaften aber höherer Dichte.For load-bearing elements that are subjected to flexure, the inherent weight of the material is an important material characteristic. Low-density materials with sufficiently high strength and stiffness offer advantages over materials with the same mechanical properties but higher density due to their lower self-weight deflection.

Eine Reduktion der Dichte und damit verbunden eine Verringerung des Gewichts der Werkstoffe - bei gleichzeitiger Beibehaltung der Steifigkeit und Festigkeit - bringt viele Vorteile in der Ergonomie und der Logistik mit sich. Die mit dem geringeren Gewicht verbundenen Vorteile und Einsparungen beginnen bei der ersten Bearbeitung (z.B. bei Manipulation durch Menschen, Auslegung und Energieverbrauch von Transport- und Hebemitteln) und bestehen in jeder Stufe der Manipulation oder Weiterverarbeitung bis hin zur Endanwendung (z.B. der Montage von Bauteilen) ggf. sogar bis zur Entsorgung fort.Reducing the density and, associated with that, reducing the weight of the materials - while maintaining rigidity and strength - brings many advantages in terms of ergonomics and logistics. The advantages and savings associated with the lower weight start with the first processing (eg manipulation by humans, design and energy consumption of transport and lifting equipment) and exist at every stage of manipulation or further processing up to the end use (eg assembly of components) possibly even until disposal.

In den letzen Jahren wurden zahlreiche Anstrengungen unternommen, um die Dichte von Holzwerkstoffen zu reduzieren. Die Grundidee fast aller Holz-Leichtbau-Werkstoffe ist ein mehrschichtiger Sandwichaufbau. Dabei übernehmen feste, steife Werkstoffe oder Massivholzelemente in den Randzonen Druck und Zugkräfte, wohingegen die Mittellage hauptsächlich Schub- und Normalkräfte überträgt.In recent years, many efforts have been made to reduce the density of wood-based materials. The basic idea of almost all wood-lightweight materials is a multi-layer sandwich construction. Solid, stiff materials or solid wood elements in the edge zones take over pressure and tensile forces, whereas the middle layer mainly transfers shear and normal forces.

So erleben z.B. die seit Jahrzehnten auf dem Markt befindlichen Papierwabenplatten durch Neuentwicklungen und Optimierungen im Herstellungsprozess derzeit eine Renaissance in der Holzwerkstoffindustrie. Diese Werkstoffe sind zwar durch sehr geringe Dichten charakterisiert, aufgrund ihrer mechanischen Eigenschaften und der fehlenden Wasserfestigkeit, können diese Werkstoffe jedoch nicht für tragende Zwecke eingesetzt werden.Thus, e.g. the paper honeycomb panels, which have been on the market for decades, are currently experiencing a renaissance in the wood-based panel industry due to new developments and optimizations in the production process. Although these materials are characterized by very low densities, due to their mechanical properties and lack of water resistance, these materials can not be used for load bearing purposes.

Bessere Eigenschaften können durch Leichtwerkstoffe mit Sandwichaufbau und schaumartigem Kern erreicht werden. Aufgrund der hohen Schubbelastung der niedrig dichten Mittelschicht führt jedoch die fehlende Schubsteifigkeit bei Biegebelastungen zu hohen Verformungen. Meist sind zudem die Festigkeitseigenschaften für die Verwendung als Tragelement unzureichend.Better properties can be achieved with lightweight sandwich construction and foamy core materials. Due to the high shear stress of the low-density middle layer, however, the lack of shear stiffness leads to high deformations under bending loads. In addition, most of the strength properties are insufficient for use as a support element.

Derzeit werden bei der Herstellung von Holzverbundwerkstoffen, die aus Makrofasern und einem Bindemittel bestehen, die Strands, Partikel oder Fasern mit Bindemittel beaufschlagt und nachfolgend durch einen komprimierenden Pressenvorgang verdichtet, wobei die einwirkende Hitze der Pressbleche das Bindemittel zur Aushärtung bringt. Insbesondere an den Grenzflächen zu den Pressblechen führt diese Vorgehensweise zu einer signifikanten Verdichtung. Konventionelle Plattenwerkstoffe wie Span- und Faserplatte, OSB, etc. sowie die speziellen Holzwerkstoffen wie Quetschholz, Scrimber, TimTek, Srimtec, SST, etc. weisen daher ein mehr oder weniger ausgeprägtes Dichteprofil über die Plattendicke auf. Im Falle eines weitgehend fehlenden Dichteprofils, ist das gesamte Material stark komprimiert oder es handelt sich um Plattenwerkstoffe mit sehr geringer Dichte (z.B. Holzwolleleichtplatte, niedrig dichte Faserplatten, etc.), die hinsichtlich ihrer geringen Festigkeitswerte nicht mit Werkstoffen für tragende Zwecke verglichen werden können.Currently, in the manufacture of wood composites consisting of macrofibres and a binder, the strands, particles or fibers are coated with binder and subsequently compacted by a compressing press process, the applied heat of the press plates causing the binder to cure. Especially at the interfaces to the press plates, this approach leads to a significant compression. Conventional board materials such as chip and fiber board, OSB, etc. as well as the special wood materials such as squeeze, scrimber, TimTek, Srimtec, SST, etc. therefore have a more or less pronounced density profile over the board thickness. In the case of a largely missing density profile, the entire material is highly compressed or it is very low density board materials (eg wood wool light plate, low density fiberboard, etc.), which can not be compared with materials for load-bearing purposes in their low strength values.

Wie oben ausgeführt werden die Holzkomponenten von konventionellen Plattenwerkstoffen sowie den speziellen Holzwerkstoffen wie Quetschholz, Scrimber, TimTek, Srimtec, SST, etc. bei der Herstellung signifikant verdichtet. Neben der Erhöhung der Dichte geht dieser Pressvorgang auch mit einer Verdichtung der Zellstruktur des Holzes (Zellkollaps) einher. Bei Wasseraufnahme kann eine solche Deformation durch die stark hygroskopischen Eigenschaften des Holzes und durch die Quellung der Zellwände zum Teil rückgängig gemacht werden. Damit gehen aber starke Quellerscheinungen der komprimierten Teile und damit des ganzen Plattenwerkstoffs einher.As stated above, the wood components of conventional board materials as well as the special wood materials such as squeeze, scrimber, TimTek, Srimtec, SST, etc. are significantly compressed in the production. In addition to increasing the density of this pressing process is accompanied by a densification of the cell structure of the wood (cell collapse). With water absorption, such a deformation can be partially reversed by the strongly hygroscopic properties of the wood and by the swelling of the cell walls. But this is accompanied by strong swelling of the compressed parts and thus of the whole plate material.

Darüber hinaus ist bei diesen Verfahren aufgrund der Verdichtung das Einbringen der Wärme für die Aushärtung der Plattenwerkstoffe in das Innere der Platte schwierig. Deshalb sind diese Verfahren in der Regel auf den Dampfstoßeffekt angewiesen, um einen ausreichenden Wärmetransport zu gewährleisten. Um den Dampfstoßeffekt auszunutzen, müssen die Makrofasern und/oder das Bindemittel jedoch eine ausreichende (Rest)Feuchtigkeit aufweisen. Ohne den so genannten Dampfstoßeffekt ist (insbesondere bei niedrig dichten Plattenwerkstoffen) eine technologische Umsetzung der Plattenproduktion nur schwer möglich. EP-A1-1588814 offenbart ein Holzverbundwerkstoff mit einer Dichte von 300 kg/m3 bis 800 kg/m3 und mit einem Elastizitätsmoduli von 3000 MPa bis 14100 MPa.Moreover, in these methods, due to densification, the introduction of heat for the curing of the plate materials into the interior of the plate is difficult. Therefore, these methods are usually dependent on the steam shock effect to ensure sufficient heat transfer. However, in order to take advantage of the steam blast effect, the macrofibers and / or the binder must have sufficient (residual) moisture. Without the so-called steam impact effect, it is very difficult to realize plate production technologically (especially in the case of low-density board materials). EP-A1-1588814 discloses a wood composite having a density of 300 kg / m 3 to 800 kg / m 3 and having a modulus of elasticity of 3000 MPa to 14100 MPa.

Trotz zahlreicher Versuche ist bisher kein Holzverbundwerkstoff auf dem Markt, der eine geringe Dichte mit einer für Tragelemente gut geeigneten Steifigkeit verbindet und bei dessen Herstellung die Nachteile der Verdichtung vermieden werden können. Es stellt sich daher die Aufgabe, einen solchen Holzverbundwerkstoff bereitzustellen.Despite numerous attempts, no wood composite on the market, which combines a low density with a well-suited for support elements rigidity and its production, the disadvantages of compaction can be avoided. It is therefore the task of providing such a wood composite material.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Holzverbundwerkstoff gemäß Anspruch 1 und durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 8 gelöst. Der erfindungsgemäße Holzverbundwerkstoff hat eine Dichte von 200-550 kg/m3, bevorzugt 300-550 kg/m3. Die Steifigkeit gemessen als E-Modul im 4-Punkt Biegeversuch nach EN 789 beträgt 4.000-12.000 MPa, bevorzugt 5.000-12.000 MPa, besonders bevorzugt 6.000-12.000 MPa. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist der Holzverbundwerkstoff eine Dichte von 300-550 kg/m3 und eine Steifigkeit (E-Modul) von 6.000-12.000 MPa auf.This object is achieved by a wood composite material according to claim 1 and by a method according to claim 8. The wood composite according to the invention has a density of 200-550 kg / m 3 , preferably 300-550 kg / m 3 . The stiffness, measured as modulus of elasticity in the 4-point bending test according to EN 789, is 4,000-12,000 MPa, preferably 5,000-12,000 MPa, particularly preferably 6,000-12,000 MPa. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the wood composite material has a density of 300-550 kg / m 3 and a stiffness (modulus of elasticity) of 6,000-12,000 MPa.

Der erfindungsgemäße Holzverbundwerkstoff umfasst Makrofasern aus Holz mit einem Schlankheitsgrad (Verhältnis von Länge zu Dicke der Fasern) von größer als 20.The wood composite according to the invention comprises macrofibres made of wood with a degree of slimming (ratio of length to thickness of the fibers) greater than 20.

Bevorzugt haben die eingesetzten Makrofasern eine Länge von 100-400 mm, besonders bevorzugt 150-300 mm. Dabei ist für den Fachmann offensichtlich, dass produktionstechnisch nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann, dass die eingesetzten Fasern immer auch einen gewissen Anteil an kürzeren Fasern umfassen.Preferably, the macrofibers used have a length of 100-400 mm, more preferably 150-300 mm. It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that it can not be ruled out in terms of production technology that the fibers used always comprise a certain proportion of shorter fibers.

Der erfindungsgemäße Holzverbundwerkstoff umfasst ferner ein Bindemittel, das im ausgehärteten Zustand eine überwiegend feinporige Schaumstruktur dergestalt aufweist, dass 90-95% der Poren eine Porengröße im Bereich von 30-500 µm, bevorzugt 50-300 µm, gemessen mittels eines Mikroskops an einem Schnitt durch den Werkstoff aufweisen, und das bei freier Schäumung einen Schaum mit einer Dichte von 30-300 kg/m3, bevorzugt 80-200 kg/m3, bildet. Zur Ermittlung der Dichte bei freier Schäumung wird das noch nicht reagierte Bindemittel in ein oben offenes Gefäß gegossen. Durch die chemische Reaktion schäumt das Bindemittel auf und kann durch die Öffnung frei expandieren. Nach der Aushärtung wird der übergequollene Schaum mit einem Messer sauber abgetrennt. Die Dichte des frei geschäumten Bindemittels lässt sich aus dem zuvor ermittelten Volumen und Eigengewicht des Gefäßes und dem Gewicht des schaumgefüllten Gefäßes berechnen.The wood composite according to the invention further comprises a binder which has a predominantly fine-pored foam structure in the cured state such that 90-95% of the pores have a pore size in the range of 30-500 .mu.m, preferably 50-300 .mu.m, measured by a microscope on a section through have the material, and which forms a foam having a density of 30-300 kg / m 3 , preferably 80-200 kg / m 3 , with free foaming. To determine the density with free foaming, the unreacted binder is poured into an open-topped vessel. Due to the chemical reaction, the binder foams up and can expand freely through the opening. After curing, the over-swollen foam is cleanly separated with a knife. The density of the free-foamed binder can be calculated from the previously determined volume and weight of the vessel and the weight of the foam-filled vessel.

Bevorzugt wird in der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Bindemittel eingesetzt, das eine geschlossenporige Schaumstruktur bildet. Da die Faser in dem erfindungsgemäßen Holzverbundwerkstoffs nahezu vollständig von dem Schaum ummantelt sind und nahezu alle Hohlräume zwischen den Fasern schaumgefüllt sind, wird durch eine geschlossenporige Struktur des Schaums das Eindringen von Feuchtigkeit verringert oder sogar ganz verhindert, was zu einem vorteilhaften Verhalten des Holzverbundwerkstoffs bei Feuchtigkeitseinwirkung, wie z.B. einer geringen Quellung, führt.Preferably, in the present invention, a binder is used which forms a closed-cell foam structure. Since the fiber in the wood composite according to the invention are almost completely sheathed by the foam and almost all voids between the fibers are foam-filled, the penetration of moisture is reduced or even completely prevented by a closed-pore structure of the foam, resulting in an advantageous behavior of the wood composite material under the action of moisture , such as a slight swelling leads.

Der erfindungsgemäße Holzverbundwerkstoff weist dadurch im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Holzwerkstoffen eine deutlich geringere Quellung bei Feuchteeinwirkung auf. Diese liegt im Bereich des massiven Holzes oder sogar darunter, während herkömmliche Holzwerkstoffe in der Regel eine gegenüber der Quellung des verwendeten Rohholzes deutlich erhöhte Quellung aufweisen. Beispielsweise können bei Einsatz von Makrofasern aus Fichtenholz Dickenquellmaße nach DIN 52364 zwischen 2,7% und 6% erreicht werden, nach EN 317 zwischen 1,5 und 5%. Das Quellmaß für massive Fichte nach DIN 52364 beträgt im Vergleich dazu ebenfalls ca 4 bis 6%. Demgegenüber zeigen entsprechende Spanplatten oder OSB Quellmaße von 7% bis 30%.The wood composite according to the invention thereby has a significantly lower swelling when exposed to moisture compared to conventional wood materials. This is in the range of solid wood or even lower, while conventional wood-based materials usually have a relation to the swelling of the raw wood used significantly increased swelling. For example, when using macrofibres made of spruce wood, thickness swelling dimensions according to DIN 52364 between 2.7% and 6% can be achieved, according to EN 317 between 1.5 and 5%. The spring size for solid spruce according to DIN 52364 is also about 4 to 6% in comparison. In contrast, corresponding chipboard or OSB show swelling dimensions of 7% to 30%.

Um die Quellung des Holzverbundwerkstoffes noch weiter zu reduzieren, können die verwendeten Makrofasern vor der weiteren Verarbeitung durch geeignete Maßnahmen modifiziert werden. Solche Maßnahmen sind beispielsweise die Acetylierung oder die Imprägnierung mit geeigneten Harzen oder Chemikalien wie z.B. Melaminharz oder DMDHEU, Thermomodifikation oder andere bekannte quellungsvergütende Maßnahmen. Dadurch wird die Quellung der Fasern bei Feuchteaufnahme reduziert und die Gesamtquellung des Holzverbundwerkstoffes besonders gering. Es können dadurch Quellwerte bis unter 2% bis 4% erreicht werden. Aufgrund ihrer geringen Dicken können die im erfindungsgemäßen Holzverbundwerkstoff eingesetzten Makrofasern sehr leicht imprägniert werden. Demgegenüber scheitert die Modifikation von Massivholz in vielen Fällen an der mangelnden imprägnierbarkeit des Holzes.In order to further reduce the swelling of the wood composite material, the macro fibers used may be modified by suitable measures before further processing. Such measures include, for example, acetylation or impregnation with suitable resins or chemicals, e.g. Melamine resin or DMDHEU, thermal modification or other known swell-compensating measures. As a result, the swelling of the fibers is reduced in moisture absorption and the total swelling of the wood composite material particularly low. This allows swelling values of less than 2% to 4% to be achieved. Due to their small thicknesses, the macrofibres used in the wood composite according to the invention can be impregnated very easily. In contrast, the modification of solid wood fails in many cases due to the lack of impregnability of the wood.

Bei den chemischen Verfahren ist ferner nach der Imprägnierung des Holzes häufig noch eine thermische Behandlung erforderlich. Hier erweisen sich ebenfalls die geringen Abmessungen der erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Makrofasern gegenüber Massivholz als Vorteil, da dadurch die Wärme schneller das gesamte Holz erfasst. Die zu einer solchen Modifikation erforderliche thermische Behandlung kann in vorteilhafter Weise teilweise oder sogar ganz in den nachfolgenden Prozess der Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Holzverbundwerkstoffs integriert werden kann.In addition, chemical treatment often requires thermal treatment after impregnation of the wood. Here too, the small dimensions of the macrofibers used according to the invention over solid wood prove to be an advantage since the heat more quickly covers the entire wood. The thermal treatment required for such a modification can advantageously be partially or even completely integrated into the subsequent process of producing the wood composite according to the invention.

Als Bindemittel wird erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt ein polymerbasiertes Bindemittel eingesetzt. Beispielsweise können Epoxidharz-, Isocyanat- (inkl. Polyurethan-), Melamin-, Harnstoff-, Phenolharzschäume oder Mischungen daraus eingesetzt werden. Besonders bevorzugt wird ein Polyurethansystem eingesetzt, wie z.B. ein ein- oder mehrkomponentiges Polyurethansystem, insbesondere ein zweikomponentiges Polyurethansystem. Es können aber auch thermoplastische Schäume wie Polystyrol (z.B. EPS oder EPX) eingesetzt werden.The binder used according to the invention is preferably a polymer-based binder. For example, epoxy resin, isocyanate (including polyurethane), melamine, urea, phenolic foams or mixtures thereof can be used. Particularly preferred is a polyurethane system is used, such as a one- or multi-component polyurethane system, in particular a two-component polyurethane system. However, it is also possible to use thermoplastic foams such as polystyrene (eg EPS or EPX).

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält der erfindungsgemäße Holzverbundwerkstoff ferner Partikel, die durch Felder angeregt werden können, wie z.B. Eisenoxid-Partikel. Bei Einsatz solcher Partikel kann der Schäum- und Härtevorgang des Bindemittels durch Anlegen eines Feldes (z.B. durch Induktion, Mikrowelle, Hochfrequenz, Strahlung etc.) initiiert (gestartet) und/oder beschleunigt werden. Die Partikel können zweckmäßig vor der Herstellung des Holzverbundwerkstoffs in das Bindemittel eingebracht werden, sie können aber auch separat eingesetzt werden.In a further preferred embodiment, the wood composite according to the invention further contains particles which can be excited by fields, e.g. Iron oxide particles. When such particles are used, the foaming and curing process of the binder can be initiated (started) and / or accelerated by application of a field (e.g., induction, microwave, radio frequency, radiation, etc.). The particles may conveniently be introduced into the binder prior to the production of the wood composite material, but they may also be used separately.

Alternativ kann auch Wärme, heiße Luft oder Dampf zur Initiierung bzw. Beschleunigung des Schäum- und Härtevorgangs des Bindemittels eingesetzt werden.Alternatively, heat, hot air or steam can be used to initiate or accelerate the foaming and curing process of the binder.

Der erfindungsgemäße Holzverbundwerkstoff kann ferner geeignete Zusatzstoffe, z.B. Schäummittel, Füllstoffe, Pigmente, Verstärkungsfasern (nano, mikro oder makro) Brand- oder Holzschutzmittel sowie Mittel zur Quellungsvergütung etc., enthalten. Diese Zusatzstoffe können entweder dem Bindemittel zugesetzt werden oder getrennt in den Werkstoff eingebracht werden. Solche Zusatzstoffe können in dem Fachmann bekannter Weise dem Holzverbundwerkstoff besondere Eigenschaften, wie größere Härte oder Schubfestigkeit, Dauerhaftigkeit, Feuchtebeständigkeit usw., verleihen.The wood composite according to the invention may further comprise suitable additives, e.g. Foaming agents, fillers, pigments, reinforcing fibers (nano, micro or macro) fire or wood preservatives as well as means for Quellungsvergütung etc. included. These additives can either be added to the binder or introduced separately into the material. Such additives can impart special properties, such as greater hardness or shear resistance, durability, moisture resistance, etc., to the wood composite in a manner known to those skilled in the art.

Der erfindungsgemäße Holzverbundwerkstoff kann mittels eines Verfahrens erhalten werden, dass die folgenden Schritte umfasst:

  1. a) Herstellen von Makrofasern;
  2. b) Ausrichten der Makrofasern;
  3. c) Aufbringen des Bindemittels;
  4. d) Schließen einer Presse; und
  5. e) Aufschäumen des Bindemittels.
The wood composite according to the invention can be obtained by means of a process comprising the following steps:
  1. a) producing macro fibers;
  2. b) aligning the macrofibres;
  3. c) applying the binder;
  4. d) closing a press; and
  5. e) foaming the binder.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird das Bindemittel auf die ausgerichteten Makrofasern aufgebracht (Reihenfolge der Schritte: a, b, c, d und e). Alternativ kann das Bindemittel auch vor dem Ausrichten der Makrofaser aufgebracht werden (Reihenfolge der Schritte: a, c, b, d und e).In the method according to the invention, the binder is applied to the aligned macrofibers (sequence of steps: a, b, c, d and e). Alternatively, the binder may also be applied prior to aligning the macrofibre (sequence of steps: a, c, b, d and e).

Das Verfahren kann in vorteilhafter Weise kontinuierlich z.B. mittels einer Bandpresse durchgeführt werden.The method may advantageously be continuously, e.g. be carried out by means of a belt press.

Zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Holzverbundwerkstoffs werden die Makrofasern getrocknet und auf Pressblechen oder Pressformen weitgehend uniaxial (d.h. parallel) ausgerichtet. Das Bindemittel wird zwischen und/oder auf die ausgerichteten Makrofasern aufgebracht. Das Aufbringen des Bindemittels kann durch in der Holzindustrie etablierte Verfahren wie z.B. Aufsprühen oder durch Beleimanlagen oder Spanblender erfolgen.To make the wood composite of the present invention, the macrofibers are dried and oriented substantially uniaxially (i.e., in parallel) on press sheets or dies. The binder is applied between and / or on the aligned macrofibers. The application of the binder can be carried out by methods established in the wood industry, e.g. Spray or gluing or gluing.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Aufschäumzeit des Bindemittels so eingestellt, dass der Aufschäumvorgang vorwiegend erst nach dem Schließen der Presse beginnt. D.h. das Bindemittelsystem wird chemisch so eingestellt, dass die Startzeit für das Aufschäumen derart verzögert ist, dass die Presse oder Pressform geschlossen werden kann, bevor es zu einer wesentlichen Schaumentwicklung kommt.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the foaming time of the binder is adjusted so that the foaming process begins predominantly only after the press has been closed. That the binder system is chemically adjusted so that the foaming start time is delayed such that the press or die can be closed before significant foaming occurs.

Beim Schließen der Presse bzw. der Pressform werden die Makrofasern bevorzugt nur minimal verdichtet, sodass die Dichte des hergestellten Holzverbundwerkstoffs nicht wesentlich von der Dichte des verwendeten Holzes abweicht. Da die Makrofasern bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren nur unwesentlich verdichtet werden, kann das bei späterem Wasserkontakt oder bei Wasserlagerung auftretende Quellen minimiert bzw. vermieden werden. Dadurch können Quellwerte erzielt werden, die im Bereich der Quellung des verwendeten Holzes oder sogar darunter liegen. Dies ist ein wesentlicher Vorteil gegenüber herkömmlichen Holzwerkstoffen, die eine meist hohe Holzverdichtung aufweisen und dadurch im Kontakt mit Wasser eine deutlich höhere Quellung als das verwendete Holz aufweisen.When closing the press or the mold, the macrofibers are preferably only minimally compressed, so that the density of the wood composite material produced does not differ significantly from the density of the wood used. Since the macrofibers are compressed only insignificantly in the process according to the invention, the sources occurring in the event of later contact with water or when stored in water can be minimized or avoided. As a result, swelling values can be obtained which are in the range of the swelling of the used wood or even below. This is an essential one Advantage over conventional wood-based materials, which have a mostly high wood compaction and thereby have a significantly higher swelling than the wood used in contact with water.

In der geschlossenen Pressform bzw. Presse wirkt einerseits der von außen aufgebrachte Pressdruck, andererseits entwickelt sich durch das Aufschäumen des Bindemittels von innen ein Pressdruck, sodass das Bindemittel das Netzwerk der Makrofasern im wesentlichen vollkommen durchdringt und diese an ihrer Oberfläche weitgehend vollständig benetzt. Die Makrofasern werden so von einer Bindemittelmatrix umschlossen und sind damit gut gegen Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme geschützt.In the closed mold or press, on the one hand, the externally applied pressing pressure acts, on the other hand, a frictional pressure develops due to the foaming of the binder, so that the binder substantially completely penetrates the network of macro fibers and largely completely wets them on its surface. The macrofibers are thus surrounded by a binder matrix and are thus well protected against moisture absorption.

Da das Bindemittel durch die Expansion des Bindemittels in das Netzwerk der Makrofasern eingebracht wird, entsteht ein sehr homogener Werkstoff mit gleichmäßiger Dichte, bei dem nahezu alle Hohlräume mit der Schaumstruktur ausgefüllt sind und die Fasern nahezu vollständig von Schaum umgeben (umhüllt) sind.Since the binder is introduced by the expansion of the binder in the network of macrofibres, creates a very homogeneous material with uniform density, in which almost all cavities are filled with the foam structure and the fibers are almost completely surrounded by foam (enveloped).

Darüberhinaus hat das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, insbesondere bei Einsatz eines zweikomponentigen Polyurethansystems als Bindemittel, den Vorteil, dass nur unwesentlich Wärme zugeführt werden muss, um die Aushärtung zu starten. Die notwendige Wärme kann bereits durch leichte Vorwärmung der Makrofasern (z.B. auf 30-90°C, bevorzugt 50°C) eingebracht werden.Moreover, the inventive method, in particular when using a two-component polyurethane system as a binder, the advantage that only insignificantly heat must be supplied to start the cure. The necessary heat can already be introduced by slight preheating of the macro fibers (for example to 30-90 ° C., preferably 50 ° C.).

Da das Bindemittel erst unmittelbar vor seiner Aushärtung in Verbindung mit den Makrofasern gebracht wird, stehen im Wesentlichen 100% Bindemittels für das Verkleben und "Umhüllen" der Späne zur Verfügung.Since the binder is brought into contact with the macrofibres only just before it is cured, substantially 100% of the binder is available for bonding and "sheathing" the chips.

Wenn es gelingt das Bindemittelsystem so einzustellen, dass es in der Presse vollständig aushärtet, dann kann die Presse sofort wieder geöffnet werden. Selbst bei nicht vollständig ausgehärteten Platten des erfindungsgemäßen Holzverbundwerkstoffs werden die Platten jedoch im Gegensatz zu konventionellen Holzwerkstoffplatten nicht durch so genannte Spalter zerstört. Durch eine evtl. Nachhärtung kommt es bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Holzverbundwerkstoff lediglich zu einem Nachtreiben.If it is possible to adjust the binder system so that it cures completely in the press, then the press can be reopened immediately. Even if not complete Hardened plates of the wood composite material according to the invention, however, the plates are not destroyed in contrast to conventional wood-based panels by so-called splitter. Due to a possible post-hardening, the wood composite material according to the invention merely causes attrition.

Der erfindungsgemäße Holzverbundwerkstoff ist für alle Produkte geeignet, die aus Massivholz oder Holzwerkstoffen, wie Spanplatten oder OSB etc. hergestellt werden. Aufgrund der geringeren Dichte führt der Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Holzverbundwerkstoffs zu einem niedrigeren Gewicht der so hergestellten Produkte.The wood composite according to the invention is suitable for all products that are made of solid wood or wood-based materials, such as chipboard or OSB, etc. Due to the lower density of the use of the wood composite material according to the invention leads to a lower weight of the products thus produced.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist der Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Holzverbundwerkstoffs für Produkte, bei welchen es neben dem Gewicht auch auf die Dimensionsstabilität bei Feuchteeinwirkung und die Beibehaltung der Festigkeit bzw. Steifigkeit ankommt. Solche Produkte schließen aufgrund des ungeschützten Einsatzes im Freien ein:

  • Schalungsprodukte, wie Schalungsträger, bzw. Teile davon, wie Gurt oder Steg,
  • beschichtete oder unbeschichtete Schalungsplatten bzw. Teile davon, wie Mittelschichten oder Deckschichten,
  • Bühnenbeläge für Arbeits- und Schutzgerüste,
  • Stab- oder flächenförmige Schalungsprodukte in 1-, 2- oder dreidimensionaler Form zur Bildung oder Unterstützung der Schalhaut, und
  • verlorene Schalungen oder Teile davon, welche im Bauwerk verbleiben.
Particularly advantageous is the use of the wood composite material according to the invention for products in which it depends not only on the weight on the dimensional stability in moisture exposure and the maintenance of strength or rigidity. Such products include, due to the unprotected use outdoors:
  • Formwork products, such as formwork beams, or parts thereof, such as belt or web,
  • Coated or uncoated shuttering panels or parts thereof, such as middle or outer layers,
  • Stage coverings for working and protective scaffolding,
  • Bar or sheet-like formwork products in 1-, 2- or 3-dimensional form to form or support the formwork, and
  • lost formwork or parts of it, which remain in the building.

Weitere Produkte, die vorteilhaft aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Holzverbundwerkstoff hergestellt werden können, schließen ein:

  • Holzbauträger aus Vollmaterial oder mit Hohlräumen oder Teile davon, wie Gurte oder Stege (Vorteil: geringes Gewicht, homogene Eigenschaften ohne Schwachstellen wie Äste in Massivholz; Möglichkeit der Herstellung eines Profils (I-Profil oder anderer optimierter Querschnitt ähnlich Metallträgern)),
  • Holzbauplatten und Möbelbauplatten (Vorteil: Eigenschaften wie Sperrholz in Bezug auf Statik, Quellung, Feuchtebeständigkeit bei gleichzeitig sehr niedrigem Gewicht und wirtschaftlicher Herstellbarkeit),
  • Teile von Holzbauplatten (Deckschichten, Mittelschichten),
  • Mittelschichten mit weitgehend stehender Faserrichtung, die aus Blöcken mit paralleler Faserrichtung durch Schneiden quer zur Faser hergestellt werden (Vorteil: Geringes Gewicht, praktisch keine Dickenquellung, wirtschaftliche Herstellung (zB. Substitution Balsastirnholz)),
  • Sandwichplatten aus besonders leichter Makrofaser-Mittellage mit tragenden Deckschichten aus geeigneten Materialien wie Furnier, Sperrholz oder auch Kunststoffplatten mit stehender oder liegender Mittelschicht,
  • "Dickholzplatten" - homogene Plattenwerkstoffe für Wände und Decken mit Dicken von 5 cm bis >20 cm. (Vorteil: Gewicht, Wärmedämmung, Statik, Feuchtebeständigkeit),
  • Dickholzplatte mit Hohlräumen (Vorteil: siehe oben, noch geringeres Gewicht, Materialeinsparung)
  • Profile aus Vollmaterial oder mit Hohlräumen verschiedenster Art für Bauteile, Fenster-, Türen und Möbel (Vorteil: Profil ohne Materialverlust herstellbar, Statik, Gewicht)
  • Platten, Träger und Profile für den Fahrzeugbau (Vorteil: Gewicht, Statik, Feuchtebeständigkeit)
  • Stab- und flächenförmige 2D und 3D Formteile für Holzbau-Fahrzeugbau, Innenausbau und Möbelbau (Vorteil: Herstellbarkeit nahezu beliebiger Formen, Statik, Gewicht)
Other products that can be advantageously prepared from the wood composite according to the invention include:
  • Timber contractor made of solid material or with cavities or parts thereof, such as straps or webs (advantage: low weight, homogeneous properties without weak points such as branches in solid wood, possibility of producing a profile (I-profile or other optimized cross-section similar to metal girders)),
  • Wooden boards and furniture boards (advantage: properties such as plywood in terms of static, swelling, moisture resistance at the same time very low weight and economic manufacturability),
  • Parts of wooden boards (cover layers, middle layers),
  • Middle layers with largely stationary fiber direction, which are produced from blocks with parallel fiber direction by cutting transversely to the fiber (advantage: low weight, practically no thickness swelling, economical production (eg substitution balsa end grain)),
  • Sandwich panels made of a particularly light macrofiber middle layer with load-bearing cover layers made of suitable materials such as veneer, plywood or plastic panels with a standing or lying middle layer,
  • "Thick wood panels" - homogeneous panel materials for walls and ceilings with thicknesses from 5 cm to> 20 cm. (Advantage: weight, thermal insulation, statics, moisture resistance),
  • Thick wood panel with cavities (advantage: see above, even lower weight, material savings)
  • Profiles made of solid material or cavities of various kinds for components, windows, doors and furniture (advantage: profile can be produced without material loss, statics, weight)
  • Panels, beams and profiles for vehicle construction (advantage: weight, statics, moisture resistance)
  • Rod and 2D and 3D molded parts for timber construction, interior design and furniture construction (advantage: manufacturability of almost any shape, statics, weight)

Beispielexample

Makrofasern werden durch einen warmen (50°C) Luftstrom getrocknet und mehrere Tage in einem Raumklima von 20°C und 65% rel. Luftfeuchte gelagert, wodurch sich eine Holzfeuchtigkeit von etwa 12% einstellt. 210 g der Makrofasern werden möglichst exakt parallel zueinander orientiert. 50% der Fasern werden in eine auf 50°C erwärmte Aluminiumform (30 x 12 cm) eingelegt und mit 60 g zwei Komponenten Polyurethan (Fa. RAMPF Nr. 80 L86/4-1) gleichmäßig benetzt. Nachfolgend werden die restlichen 50% der Fasern in die Form gelegt und die Form geschlossen, sodass die eingelegten Makrofasern auf eine Höhe von 16 mm komprimiert werden. Durch die chemische Reaktion der beiden Komponenten des Polyurethans mit dem im Holz verfügbaren Wasser schäumt dieses stark auf. Nach 30 min. ist der Schaum vollkommen ausgehärtet und der Holzverbundwerkstoff kann aus der Form entnommen werden.Macrofibers are dried by a warm (50 ° C) air stream and several days in a room climate of 20 ° C and 65% rel. Humidity stored, resulting in a wood moisture of about 12%. 210 g of the macrofibers are oriented as exactly as possible parallel to one another. 50% of the fibers are placed in an aluminum mold (30 × 12 cm) heated to 50 ° C. and uniformly wetted with 60 g of two components of polyurethane (from RAMPF No. 80 L86 / 4-1). Subsequently, the remaining 50% of the fibers are placed in the mold and the mold is closed, so that the inserted macrofibres are compressed to a height of 16 mm. Due to the chemical reaction of the two components of the polyurethane with the water available in the wood foams this strong. After 30 min. the foam is completely cured and the wood composite material can be removed from the mold.

Claims (15)

  1. Wood composite material having a density of 200-550 kg/m3 and a stiffness measured in a 4-point bending test according to EN 789 of 4,000-12,000 MPa, which comprises macrofibres having a slenderness ratio of greater than 20 and a binder, wherein the ratio of length to thickness of the fibres is understood as the slenderness ratio, wherein the binder has a predominantly fine-pore foam structure such that 90-95% of the pores have a pore size of 30-500 µm, and that the binder forms a foam having a density of 30-300 kg/m3 during free foaming.
  2. Wood composite material according to claim 1, wherein the wood composite material has a density of 300-550 kg/m3 and a stiffness of 6,000-12,000 MPa.
  3. Wood composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 90-95% of the pores have a pore size of 50-300 µm.
  4. Wood composite material according to one of claims 1-3, wherein a polyurethane system is used as the binder.
  5. Wood composite material according to one of claims 1-4, which further contains particles which may be stimulated by fields, preferably iron oxide particles.
  6. Wood composite material according to one of claims 1-5, wherein the swelling in thickness according to EN 317 is less than or equal to 5%, preferably less than or equal to 4%, particularly preferably less than or equal to 3%.
  7. Wood composite material according to one of claims 1-6, wherein the macrofibres are modified by acetylation, impregnation using suitable resins or chemicals or thermomodification.
  8. Method for producing a wood composite material according to one of claims 1-7 comprising the following steps:
    - producing macrofibres;
    - aligning the macrofibres;
    - applying the binder;
    - closing a press; and
    - foaming the binder,
    wherein the binder system is adjusted so that the foaming process starts predominantly only after closing the press, and when closing the press or the compression mould, the macrofibres are preferably compacted only to a minimal extent.
  9. Method according to claim 8, wherein the foaming and curing process is initiated and/or accelerated by a field.
  10. Method according to claim 9, wherein in addition to the binder, particles are applied which may be stimulated by fields.
  11. Method according to claim 10, wherein the particles are present in the binder.
  12. Method according to claim 8, wherein the foaming and curing process is initiated and/or accelerated by heat, hot air or steam.
  13. Method according to one of claims 8-12, which is carried out as a continuous method, for example by means of a belt press.
  14. Wood composite material according to one of claims 1-7, obtainable by a method according to one of claims 8-13.
  15. Product comprising the wood composite material according to one of claims 1-7 or 14, wherein the product is selected in particular from formwork products and parts thereof; coated or uncoated formwork panels and parts thereof; platform flooring for work and guard scaffolding; rod-like or laminar formwork products of 1, 2 or three-dimensional form for forming or supporting the shell skin; lost formwork and parts thereof which remain in the construction; wooden building supports or parts thereof; wooden building panels; furniture building panels; cover layers and middle layers of (wooden) building panels; sandwich panels; thick wooden panels; profiles; panels, supports and profiles for vehicle construction; and mouldings.
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RU2541652C2 (en) 2015-02-20
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KR101500925B1 (en) 2015-03-10
EP2621695A1 (en) 2013-08-07
JP5997696B2 (en) 2016-09-28
JP2013541444A (en) 2013-11-14
WO2012042027A1 (en) 2012-04-05
ES2663007T3 (en) 2018-04-10
RU2013120352A (en) 2014-11-20
NO2621695T3 (en) 2018-06-02
BR112013007793A2 (en) 2016-06-07
PL2621695T3 (en) 2018-04-30
CN103153562B (en) 2016-03-09
CN103153562A (en) 2013-06-12

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