EP2619343A1 - High-strength shaped bodies which are composed of iron alloys, are plastically deformable at room temperature and absorb mechanical energy - Google Patents

High-strength shaped bodies which are composed of iron alloys, are plastically deformable at room temperature and absorb mechanical energy

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Publication number
EP2619343A1
EP2619343A1 EP11779110.3A EP11779110A EP2619343A1 EP 2619343 A1 EP2619343 A1 EP 2619343A1 EP 11779110 A EP11779110 A EP 11779110A EP 2619343 A1 EP2619343 A1 EP 2619343A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
phase
shaped body
elements
body according
volume fraction
Prior art date
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EP11779110.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2619343B1 (en
Inventor
Uta KÜHN
Jürgen Eckert
Uwe Siegel
Julia Hufenbach
Min Ha Lee
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Leibnitz-Institut fur Festkorper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden Ev
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Leibnitz-Institut fur Festkorper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden Ev
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/04—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of materials science and relates to high-strength, at room temperature plastically deformable and energy absorbing mechanical body of iron alloys.
  • Such moldings can be used as cutting, punching and splitting tools, in the aircraft industry, aerospace, the automotive industry and generally in mechanical and equipment engineering, as well as for extraction tools, such.
  • B. excavator teeth if particularly high demands on the mechanical strength, the surface stress (wear) and in particular the ability to absorb mechanical energy.
  • composition ranges of multicomponent alloys in which such metallic glasses in solid form for. B. with dimensions> 1 mm, can be produced by casting.
  • Such alloys are for.
  • Pd-Cu-Si, Pd 4 oNi 4 oP 2 O, Zr-Cu-Ni-Al, La-Al-Ni-Cu T.Maumumoto: Mater, Sci. Eng. A179 / 1 80 (1994) 8-16 WL Johnson: Mater, Sci. Forum Vol. 225-227, pp. 35-50, Transtec Publications 1996, Switzerland).
  • metallic Fe-base glasses with compositions of the chemical formulas Fe 6 OCo 8 ZrioMo 5W 2 Bi 5, (Fe 0 , 75B 0 , i 5Sio, i) 96Nb, Fe 7 7 Ga 2 P 9,5C 4 B Si 2 , 5 Fe65.5Cr 4 Mo Ga PI2C 5 B 5, 5, 7 Fe Nb 6 Bi 7 Y 3, ([Fe (0, 0 5Co, 5) oj5Bo, 2SiO, o5] 96Nb which> 1 mm can be produced, known A. Inoue, et al: Appl. Phys. Lett 71, 4, (1997) 464-466; A. Inoue, et al: J. Mater.
  • metallic glass moldings having a particularly high glass-forming ability (in dimensions up to 1 2 mm castable with vitreous structure) in the compositions Fe 4 8Cri5Moi 4 Er 2 Ci5B 6 and Ponsambalam, et al: J. Mater, Res., 19, 5, (2004) 1 320-1323; ZP Lu, et al., Phys. Rev. Let., 92, 24, (2004) 245503-1 - 245503-4).
  • the invention has for its object to provide high-strength, plastically deformable at room temperature and mechanical energy absorbing moldings of iron alloys, which have macroscopic plasticity and strain hardening compared to moldings of metallic glasses, without thereby other properties, such as breaking strength or corrosion behavior are significantly impaired, and compared to moldings of amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline metallic alloys have a significant increase in strength while having a comparatively high ductility.
  • inventive high-strength, at room temperature plastically deformable and mechanical energy-absorbing shaped body made of iron alloys according to the formula
  • E1 one or more elements of the group B, C, N and O
  • E2 one or more elements of the group Cr, V, Mo, W, Ti, Ta, Zr, Hf and Nb,
  • E4 is one or more elements of the group Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu,
  • ferritic and / or bainitic phases are present.
  • the volume fraction of the martensitic phase is 50 to 70%.
  • the volume fraction of the austenitic phase is 5 to ⁇ 30%, more preferably 10 to 20%.
  • the volume fraction of the boridic and / or carbidic and / or nitridic and / or oxidic phases is 5 to 15% by volume.
  • the alloying elements are mixed, melted and then poured into a mold, wherein the cooling of the alloy in the mold at a rate of> 20 K / s is realized and the cooling rate is chosen depending on the phase composition to be set, with higher cooling rates promote the formation of the martensitic phase.
  • the melting and casting is carried out with the exclusion of oxygen
  • molds having a small thickness of the molded article to be produced are used for realizing the cooling rates, casting molds having a thickness of the molded article of from 1 to 30 mm, still advantageously from 10 to 20 mm or from 12 to 20 mm, being advantageously used.
  • the shaped bodies according to the invention have improved properties compared to shaped bodies made of metallic glasses or of metallic alloys, which were not to be expected due to the sometimes small changes in the composition and / or in the production process.
  • compositions according to the invention and their preparation according to the invention which have the almost infinite number of possible compositions of metallic glasses or crystalline alloys having these advantageous properties. Alloy compositions also close to the compositions according to the invention show markedly poorer properties.
  • the homogeneous microstructure has a relatively high proportion by volume (40 to 80% by volume) of martensitic (tetragonal, body-centered) phase. This high volume fraction of martensitic phase leads to the known properties of iron alloys in general.
  • the volume fraction according to the invention (5 to 35% by volume) of austenitic (kfz-cubic face-centered) phase, and the boridic and / or carbidic and / or nitridic and / or oxidic phases which are still present, then result in markedly improved properties ,
  • the shaped bodies according to the invention are produced according to the invention by mixing the alloy components and then melting.
  • the alloy components and the melting vessel should contain as few additives and impurities as possible.
  • the melt After melting, the melt is poured into a mold.
  • the cooling of the melt in the mold must be realized according to the invention with a cooling rate of> 20 K / s, advantageously between 20 and 200 K / s, so that the microstructure according to the invention can be achieved.
  • the choice of higher cooling rates promotes the formation of the martensitic phase.
  • a protective gas atmosphere for example consisting of argon, is used during melting and casting of the shaped body.
  • the cooling rate of the molten alloy can be controlled by the choice of the size of the mold.
  • the width and length of the casting mold and also of the shaped body to be produced play only a minor role. Decisive for the control of the cooling rate is above all the thickness of the shaped body to be produced. In this case, the smaller the thickness of the shaped body to be produced, the greater the cooling rate. Therefore, the cooling rate can also be controlled with the dimensions of the corresponding mold.
  • Advantageous thicknesses of the shaped bodies to be produced are in the range of 1 to 30 mm, advantageously in the range of 10 to 20 mm or 12 to 20 mm. Accordingly, molds having such dimensions can be selected.
  • such molds made of copper, so-called copper molds.
  • Typical dimensions of such molds are 70 x 120 x 14 mm 3 .
  • the melting of the alloy constituents can furthermore advantageously be carried out in an induction furnace, advantageously also using Al 2 O 3 as the crucible material.
  • the alloy constituents used should advantageously be as free as possible of impurities and additives, and as a result of the melting and casting of the alloy, as few impurities and additives as possible should also be introduced into the melt and thus into the shaped body.
  • the alloy components are advantageously heated to temperatures of 1400-1900 ° C and poured at temperatures between 1400 and 1500 ° C in the mold. Furthermore, it is advantageous that subsequent heat treatments become superfluous as a result of the method according to the invention, since the shaped body according to the invention has its particular mechanical properties already in the cast state.
  • the detection of the austenitic, the martensitic, the boridic and / or carbidic and / or nitridic and / or oxidic phases and the determination of the size and the volume fraction of these phases can be carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy or transmission electron microscopy.
  • the obtained rectangular shaped body consists of a high-strength, microcrystalline, martensitic (trz) phase, a microcrystalline austenitic (kfz) phase, as well as nano- and microcrystalline carbidic phases of the type MC and M 2 C.
  • the volume fraction of the martensitic phase is 75%, the volume fraction of the austenitic phase is 15% and the volume fraction of the carbidic phases is 10%.
  • the molded article was tested in compression and a technical crushing of 13.6% (true crushing of 15.3%) at a technical breaking strength of 5060 MPa (true breaking strength of 4260 MPa) been determined.
  • the elastic compression at the 0.2% proof stress is 1.3% at a strength of 2480 MPa (techn.) Or 2010 MPa (true).
  • the modulus of elasticity is 212 GPa.
  • a molded body has been produced, which has a good resistance to deformation and a significant increase in strength coupled with good ductility.
  • the obtained rectangular shaped body consists of a high-strength, microcrystalline, martensitic (trz) phase, a microcrystalline austenitic (kfz) phase, as well as nano- and microcrystalline carbidic phases of the type MC and M 2 C.
  • the volume fraction of the martensitic phase is 70%, the volume fraction of the austenitic phase is 18% and the volume fraction of the carbidic phases is 12%.
  • the molding was examined in compression test and a technical crushing of 16.3% (true crushing fracture of 18, 1%) at a technical breaking strength of 4350 MPa (true breaking strength of 3720 MPa) has been determined.
  • the elastic compression at the 0.2% proof stress is 1.2% at a strength of 2140 MPa (techn.) Or 1860 MPa (true).
  • the modulus of elasticity is 217 GPa.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of materials science and provides shaped bodies composed of iron alloys which can be used as cutting, stamping and splitting tools, in the aircraft industry, in spaceflight, in the vehicle industry and generally in machine construction and apparatus construction. The invention addresses the problem of providing shaped bodies composed of iron alloys which have plasticity and/or significant increases in strength combined with comparatively high ductility. This problem is solved by shaped bodies composed of iron alloys according to Claim 1. The problem is also solved by a process in which the elements of the alloy are mixed, melted and subsequently poured into a casting mould and cooled at a rate of > 20 K/s.

Description

Hochfeste, bei Raumtemperatur plastisch verformbare und mechanische Energie absorbierende Formkörper aus Eisenlegierungen  High-strength, at room temperature plastically deformable and energy absorbing mechanical body of iron alloys
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Materialwissenschaften und betrifft hochfeste, bei Raumtemperatur plastisch verformbare und mechanische Energie absorbierende Formkörper aus Eisenlegierungen. Derartige Formkörper sind einsetzbar als Schneid-, Stanz- und Spaltwerkzeuge, in der Flugzeugindustrie, der Raumfahrt, der Fahrzeugindustrie und allgemein im Maschinen- und Gerätebau, sowie für Gewinnungswerkzeuge, z. B. Baggerzähne, wenn besonders hohe Anforderungen an die mechanische Belastbarkeit, die Oberflächenbeanspruchung (Verschleiß) und insbesondere an das Vermögen mechanische Energie zu absorbieren gestellt werden. The invention relates to the field of materials science and relates to high-strength, at room temperature plastically deformable and energy absorbing mechanical body of iron alloys. Such moldings can be used as cutting, punching and splitting tools, in the aircraft industry, aerospace, the automotive industry and generally in mechanical and equipment engineering, as well as for extraction tools, such. B. excavator teeth, if particularly high demands on the mechanical strength, the surface stress (wear) and in particular the ability to absorb mechanical energy.
Bekannt ist, dass bestimmte mehrkomponentige metallische Werkstoffe, z.B. FeCuNbSiB (Y. Yoshizawa, et al: J. Appl. Phys. 64 (10), (1988) 6044-6046) durch rasche Erstarrung in einen metastabilen glasartigen Zustand überführt werden können (metallische Gläser), um vorteilhafte (z.B. weichmagnetische, mechanische, ka- talytische) Eigenschaften zu erhalten. Meist sind diese Werkstoffe wegen der erfor- derlichen Abkühlrate der Schmelze nur mit geringen Abmessungen in mindestens einer Dimension z. B. dünne Bänder oder Pulver herstellbar. Damit sind sie als Konstruktionswerkstoff nicht geeignet (T. Masumoto: Mater. Sei. Eng. A179/180 (1 994) 8-16). It is known that certain multicomponent metallic materials, eg FeCuNbSiB (Y. Yoshizawa, Y. et al: J. Appl. Phys. 64 (10), (1988) 6044-6046) can be converted into a metastable glassy state by rapid solidification (metallic Glasses) in order to obtain advantageous (eg soft magnetic, mechanical, catalytic) properties. Most of these materials are because of the required derliche cooling rate of the melt only with small dimensions in at least one dimension z. B. thin bands or powder produced. Thus, they are not suitable as a construction material (T. Masumoto: Mater. Sei. Eng. A179 / 180 (1 994) 8-16).
Bekannt sind auch bestimmte Zusammensetzungsbereiche mehrkomponentiger Legierungen, in denen solche metallischen Gläser auch in massiver Form, z. B. mit Abmessungen > 1 mm, durch Gießverfahren hergestellt werden können. Solche Legierungen sind z. B. Pd-Cu-Si, Pd4oNi4oP2o, Zr-Cu-Ni-Al, La-Al-Ni-Cu (T. Masumoto: Mater. Sei. Eng. A179/1 80 (1994) 8-16; W. L. Johnson: Mater. Sei. Forum Vol. 225- 227, S. 35-50, Transtec Publications 1996, Switzerland). Dabei sind insbesondere metallische Fe-Basis Gläser m it Zusammensetzungen der chem ischen Formeln Fe6oCo8ZrioMo5W2Bi5, ( F e0,75B0,i 5Sio,i )96Nb , Fe77Ga2P9,5C4B Si2,5, Fe65.5Cr4Mo Ga Pi2C5B5,5, Fe7 Nb6Bi7Y3, [(Fe0,5Co0,5)oj5Bo,2Sio,o5]96Nb , welche > 1 mm hergestellt werden können, bekannt (A. Inoue, et al: Appl. Phys. Lett. 71 , 4, (1997) 464-466; A. Inoue, et al: J. Mater. Res. 18, 6, (2003) 1487-1492; M. Stoica, et al: J. Metastab. Nanocryst. Mat. 12, (2002) 77-84: D.S. Song, et al: J. All. Comp. 389, (2005) 159-164; A. Inoue, et al: Acta Mater. 52, (2004) 4093-4099). Also known are certain composition ranges of multicomponent alloys in which such metallic glasses in solid form, for. B. with dimensions> 1 mm, can be produced by casting. Such alloys are for. For example, Pd-Cu-Si, Pd 4 oNi 4 oP 2 O, Zr-Cu-Ni-Al, La-Al-Ni-Cu (T.Maumumoto: Mater, Sci. Eng. A179 / 1 80 (1994) 8-16 WL Johnson: Mater, Sci. Forum Vol. 225-227, pp. 35-50, Transtec Publications 1996, Switzerland). In particular metallic Fe-base glasses with compositions of the chemical formulas Fe 6 OCo 8 ZrioMo 5W 2 Bi 5, (Fe 0 , 75B 0 , i 5Sio, i) 96Nb, Fe 7 7 Ga 2 P 9,5C 4 B Si 2 , 5 Fe65.5Cr 4 Mo Ga PI2C 5 B 5, 5, 7 Fe Nb 6 Bi 7 Y 3, ([Fe (0, 0 5Co, 5) oj5Bo, 2SiO, o5] 96Nb which> 1 mm can be produced, known A. Inoue, et al: Appl. Phys. Lett 71, 4, (1997) 464-466; A. Inoue, et al: J. Mater. Res. 18, 6, (2003) 1487-1492; Stoica, et al: J. Metastab, Nanocryst, Mat., 12, (2002) 77-84: DS Song, et al: J.All.Comp.389, (2005) 159-164; A. Inoue, et al: Acta Mater 52, (2004) 4093-4099).
Weiterhin bekannt sind metallische Glas-Formkörper m it besonders hoher Glasbildungsfähigkeit (in Dimensionen bis 1 2 mm gießbar mit glasartiger Struktur) in den Zusammensetzungen Fe48Cri5Moi4Er2Ci5B6 und .s (V. Ponnambalam, et al: J. Mater. Res. 19, 5, (2004) 1 320-1323; Z. P. Lu, et al: Phys. Rev. Let. 92, 24, (2004) 245503-1 - 245503-4). Also known are metallic glass moldings having a particularly high glass-forming ability (in dimensions up to 1 2 mm castable with vitreous structure) in the compositions Fe 4 8Cri5Moi 4 Er 2 Ci5B 6 and Ponsambalam, et al: J. Mater, Res., 19, 5, (2004) 1 320-1323; ZP Lu, et al., Phys. Rev. Let., 92, 24, (2004) 245503-1 - 245503-4).
Ebenfalls bekannt sind hochfeste kristalline Fe-Legierungen mit metastabilen Phasenanteilen auf Grund hoher Erstarrungsraten in den Zusammensetzungen (Fe84.4Cr5.2Mo5.2Ga5.2)ioo-xCx m i t x = 9 und 17, Fe84.3Cr .3Mo .6V2.2C4.6 und Fe88.9Cr .3V2.2C .6 (K. Werniewicz, et al: Acta Mater. 55, (2007) 3513-3520; U. Kühn, et al: Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, (2007) 261901 -1 - 261901 -3; U. Kühn, et al: J. Mater. Res. 25 (2), (2010) 368-374). Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, hochfeste, bei Raumtemperatur plastisch verformbare und mechanische Energie absorbierende Formkörper aus Eisenlegierungen anzugeben, die gegenüber Formkörpern aus metallischen Gläsern makroskopische Plastizität sowie Verformungsverfestigung aufweisen, ohne dass dadurch andere Eigenschaften, wie Bruchfestigkeit oder das Korrosionsverhalten wesentlich beeinträchtigt werden, und gegenüber Formkörpern aus amorphen, teilkristallinen oder kristallinen metallischen Legierungen eine signifikante Festigkeitssteigerung bei gleichzeitiger vergleichsweise hoher Duktilität aufweisen. Also known are high strength crystalline Fe alloys having metastable phase contents due to high solidification rates in the compositions (Fe 84.4 Cr5. 2Mo5. 2Ga 5 .2) ioo-x C x with x = 9 and 17, Fe 84 3Cr. 3mo. 6 V2.2C 4 .6 and Fe 8 8 . 9Cr. 3 V2.2C.6 (K.Werniewicz, et al: Acta Mater 55, (2007) 3513-3520, U.Kuhn, et al: Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, (2007) 261901-1 - 261901 - U.Kuhn, et al: J. Mater, Res., 25 (2), (2010) 368-374). The invention has for its object to provide high-strength, plastically deformable at room temperature and mechanical energy absorbing moldings of iron alloys, which have macroscopic plasticity and strain hardening compared to moldings of metallic glasses, without thereby other properties, such as breaking strength or corrosion behavior are significantly impaired, and compared to moldings of amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline metallic alloys have a significant increase in strength while having a comparatively high ductility.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit der in den Patentansprüchen angegebenen Erfindung gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche. This object is achieved with the invention specified in the claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die erfindungsgemäßen hochfesten, bei Raumtemperatur plastisch verformbaren und mechanische Energie absorbierenden Formkörper aus Eisenlegierungen gemäß der Formel The inventive high-strength, at room temperature plastically deformable and mechanical energy-absorbing shaped body made of iron alloys according to the formula
Fea E1 b E2c E3d E4e , Fe a E1 b E2 c E3 d E4 e ,
die the
E1 ein oder mehrere Elemente der Gruppe B, C, N und 0, E2 ein oder mehrere Elemente der Gruppe Cr, V, Mo, W, Ti, Ta, Zr, Hf und Nb,  E1 one or more elements of the group B, C, N and O, E2 one or more elements of the group Cr, V, Mo, W, Ti, Ta, Zr, Hf and Nb,
E3 ein oder mehrere Elemente der Gruppe AI und Si,  E3 one or more elements of the group AI and Si,
E4 ein oder mehrere Elemente der Gruppe Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb und Lu,  E4 is one or more elements of the group Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu,
enthalten, mit included, with
a = 100-(b+c+d+e) a = 100- (b + c + d + e)
b = 0,01 bis 15 b = 0.01 to 15
c = 0,5 bis 13 c = 0.5 to 13
d = 0 bis 10 d = 0 to 10
e = 0,01 bis 5 e = 0.01 to 5
(a, b, c, d, e in Atom-%),  (a, b, c, d, e in atomic%),
und die geringe, herstellungstechnisch bedingte Zusätze und Verunreinigungen enthalten können, and may contain minor additives and impurities,
weisen ein Gefüge mit einer homogenen Mikrostruktur auf, die - 40 bis 80 Vol.-% martensitische (trz - tetragonal raumzentriert) Phase und have a microstructure with a homogeneous microstructure, the 40 to 80% by volume of martensitic (trt - tetragonal body - centered) phase and
- 5 bis 35 Vol.- % austenitische (kfz - kubisch flächenzentriert) Phase  - 5 to 35% by volume austenitic (kfz - cubic face centered) phase
und and
- den Rest an boridischen und/oder carbidischen und/oder nitridischen und/oder oxidischen Phasen  the remainder of boridic and / or carbidic and / or nitridic and / or oxidic phases
enthält, wobei der Volumenanteil an austenitischer Phase ansteigt, je geringer der Anteil an E2 ist. contains, wherein the volume fraction of austenitic phase increases, the lower the proportion of E2.
Vorteilhafterweise sind ferritische und/oder bainitische Phasen vorhanden. Advantageously, ferritic and / or bainitic phases are present.
Weiterhin vorteilhafterweise beträgt der Volumenanteil der martensitischen Phase 50 bis 70 %. Further advantageously, the volume fraction of the martensitic phase is 50 to 70%.
Ebenfalls vorteilhafterweise beträgt der Volumenanteil der austenitischen Phase 5 bis < 30 %, noch vorteilhafterweise 10 bis 20 %. Also advantageously, the volume fraction of the austenitic phase is 5 to <30%, more preferably 10 to 20%.
Und auch vorteilhafterweise beträgt der Volumenanteil der boridischen und/oder carbidischen und/oder nitridischen und/oder oxidischen Phasen 5 - 15 Vol.-%. And also advantageously, the volume fraction of the boridic and / or carbidic and / or nitridic and / or oxidic phases is 5 to 15% by volume.
Ebenfalls vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Werkstoff der Formkörper eine Zusammensetzung b = 1 -6, c = 7-13, d = 3-6 und e = 0,01 -0,09 (in Atom-%) aufweist. It is likewise advantageous if the material of the shaped bodies has a composition b = 1 -6, c = 7-13, d = 3-6 and e = 0.01-0.09 (in atomic%).
Und auch vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Werkstoff der Formkörper eine Zusammensetzung And it is also advantageous if the material of the shaped body is a composition
FeaCrciMoC2Vc3CbYe FeaCr c iMo C 2V c3 CbYe
mit a = 70-90, b = 3-6, d = 3-5, c2 = 3-5, c3 = 1 -3, und e = 0,01 -0,09 (in Atom-%) oder der Zusammensetzung with a = 70-90, b = 3-6, d = 3-5, c2 = 3-5, c3 = 1-3, and e = 0.01-0.09 (in atomic%) or composition
FeaCrciMoC2Vc3CbSidYe FeaCr c iMo C 2V c3 CbSidYe
mit a = 70-90, b = 3-6, d = 3-5, c2 = 3-5, c3 = 1 -3, d = 1 -3 und e = 0,01 -0,09 (inwith a = 70-90, b = 3-6, d = 3-5, c2 = 3-5, c3 = 1-3, d = 1-3 and e = 0.01-0.09 (in
Atom-%) Atom-%)
aufweist. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochfesten, bei Raumtemperatur plastisch verformbaren und mechanische Energie absorbierenden Formkörpern aus Eisenlegierungen werden die Legierungselemente gemischt, aufgeschmolzen und anschließend in eine Gussform gegossen, wobei die Abkühlung der Legierung in der Gussform mit einer Geschwindigkeit von > 20 K/s realisiert wird und die Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der einzustellenden Phasenzusammensetzung gewählt wird, wobei höhere Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten die Bildung der martensitischen Phase fördern. having. In the inventive method for producing high-strength, at room temperature plastically deformable and mechanical energy-absorbing moldings made of iron alloys, the alloying elements are mixed, melted and then poured into a mold, wherein the cooling of the alloy in the mold at a rate of> 20 K / s is realized and the cooling rate is chosen depending on the phase composition to be set, with higher cooling rates promote the formation of the martensitic phase.
Vorteilhafterweise wird zur Realisierung von boridischen und/oder carbidischen und/oder nitridischen Phasen im Gefüge das Aufschmelzen und Formgießen unter Ausschluss von Sauerstoff durchgeführt wird, Advantageously, in order to realize boridic and / or carbidic and / or nitridic phases in the microstructure, the melting and casting is carried out with the exclusion of oxygen,
Ebenfalls vorteilhafterweise werden zur Realisierung der Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten Gussformen mit einer geringen Dicke des herzustellenden Formkörpers eingesetzt, wobei noch vorteilhafterweise Gussformen mit einer Dicke des herzustellenden Formkörpers von 1 bis 30 mm, noch vorteilhafterweise von 10 bis 20 mm oder von 12 bis 20 mm, eingesetzt. Likewise advantageously, molds having a small thickness of the molded article to be produced are used for realizing the cooling rates, casting molds having a thickness of the molded article of from 1 to 30 mm, still advantageously from 10 to 20 mm or from 12 to 20 mm, being advantageously used.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper weisen derartig verbesserte Eigenschaften gegenüber Formkörpern aus metallischen Gläsern oder aus metallischen Legierungen auf, die aufgrund der zum Teil geringen Änderungen in der Zusammensetzung und/oder im Herstellungsverfahren nicht zu erwarten gewesen sind. The shaped bodies according to the invention have improved properties compared to shaped bodies made of metallic glasses or of metallic alloys, which were not to be expected due to the sometimes small changes in the composition and / or in the production process.
Es war überraschend, dass gerade die erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzungen und ihre erfindungsgemäße Herstellung aus der nahezu unendlichen Anzahl an möglichen Zusammensetzungen von metallischen Gläsern oder kristallinen Legierungen diese vorteilhaften Eigenschaften aufweisen. Legierungszusammensetzungen auch nahe bei den erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzungen zeigen deutlich schlechtere Eigenschaften. It was surprising that it is precisely the compositions according to the invention and their preparation according to the invention which have the almost infinite number of possible compositions of metallic glasses or crystalline alloys having these advantageous properties. Alloy compositions also close to the compositions according to the invention show markedly poorer properties.
Hervorzuheben sind bei den verbesserten Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper insbesondere, dass sie bei Raumtemperatur in unerwarteter Art und Weise plastisch verformbar sind und gleichzeitig deutlich mehr mechanische Energie absorbieren können. Dies führt zusammen zu einer signifikanten Festigkeitssteigerung der Formkörper. It should be emphasized in the improved properties of the shaped bodies according to the invention in particular that they occur at room temperature in an unexpected manner and Are plastically deformable and at the same time can absorb significantly more mechanical energy. This together leads to a significant increase in strength of the moldings.
Diese deutlich verbesserten Eigenschaften sind neben der konkreten Legierungszusammensetzung vor allem durch Einstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Gefügestruktur erreicht worden. Die homogene Mikrostruktur weist dabei erfindungsgemäß einen relativ hohen Volumenanteil (40 bis 80 Vol.-%) an martensitischer (trz - tetragonal raumzentriert) Phase auf. Dieser hohe Volumenanteil an martensitischer Phase führt zu den bekannten Eigenschaften von Eisenlegierungen allgemein. These significantly improved properties have been achieved in addition to the concrete alloy composition, especially by adjusting the microstructure according to the invention. In accordance with the invention, the homogeneous microstructure has a relatively high proportion by volume (40 to 80% by volume) of martensitic (tetragonal, body-centered) phase. This high volume fraction of martensitic phase leads to the known properties of iron alloys in general.
Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Volumenanteil (5 bis 35 Vol.- %) an austenitischer (kfz - kubisch flächenzentriert) Phase, und durch die weiterhin vorhandenen boridi- schen und/oder carbidischen und/oder nitridischen und/oder oxidischen Phasen werden dann deutlich verbesserten Eigenschaften erreicht. The volume fraction according to the invention (5 to 35% by volume) of austenitic (kfz-cubic face-centered) phase, and the boridic and / or carbidic and / or nitridic and / or oxidic phases which are still present, then result in markedly improved properties ,
Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass im Falle einer Legierungszusammensetzung mit einem geringen Anteil an einem oder mehreren Elementen der Gruppe Cr, V, Mo, W, Ti, Ta, Zr, Hf und Nb der Volumenanteil an austenitischer Phase ansteigen muss. Das ist dadurch bedingt, da diese Elemente der austenitischen Phase Kohlenstoff entziehen und carbidische Phasen bilden.  It should be noted that in the case of an alloy composition with a small proportion of one or more elements of the group Cr, V, Mo, W, Ti, Ta, Zr, Hf and Nb, the volume fraction of austenitic phase must increase. This is because these elements withdraw carbon from the austenitic phase and form carbide phases.
Ist jedoch der Kohlenstoffgehalt in der austenitischen Phase entsprechend hoch und wird dieser nicht durch die carbidbildenden Elemente entzogen, so führt dies zu einer Austenitstabilisierung durch den Kohlenstoff.  However, if the carbon content in the austenitic phase is correspondingly high and is not removed by the carbide-forming elements, this results in austenite stabilization by the carbon.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper werden erfindungsgemäß hergestellt durch Mischen der Legierungsbestandteile und anschließendem Aufschmelzen. Dabei sollten durch die Legierungsbestandteile und das Schmelzgefäß möglichst wenige Zusätze und Verunreinigungen eingebracht werden. The shaped bodies according to the invention are produced according to the invention by mixing the alloy components and then melting. The alloy components and the melting vessel should contain as few additives and impurities as possible.
Nach dem Aufschmelzen wird die Schmelze in eine Form gegossen. Die Abkühlung der Schmelze in der Form muss dabei erfindungsgemäß mit einer Abkühlgeschwindigkeit von > 20 K/s, vorteilhafterweise zwischen 20 und 200 K/s realisiert werden, damit die erfindungsgemäße Gefügestruktur erreicht werden kann. Dabei wird durch die Wahl von höheren Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten die Bildung der martensitischen Phase gefördert. Im Fall, dass im Gefüge keine oxidischen Phasen eingestellt werden sollen, ist es erforderlich, dass das Aufschmelzen und Formgießen der Legierung zu Formkörpern unter Ausschluss von Sauerstoff durchgeführt wird. Im diesem Falle wird bei Erschmelzen und Gießen des Formkörpers eine Schutzgasatmosphäre, beispielsweise bestehend aus Argon, eingesetzt. After melting, the melt is poured into a mold. The cooling of the melt in the mold must be realized according to the invention with a cooling rate of> 20 K / s, advantageously between 20 and 200 K / s, so that the microstructure according to the invention can be achieved. The choice of higher cooling rates promotes the formation of the martensitic phase. In the event that no oxide phases are to be set in the structure, it is necessary that the melting and casting of the alloy is carried out to form bodies in the absence of oxygen. In this case, a protective gas atmosphere, for example consisting of argon, is used during melting and casting of the shaped body.
Weiterhin kann vorteilhafterweise die Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit der geschmolzenen Legierung durch die Wahl der Abmessung der Gussform gesteuert werden. Dabei spielen die Breite und Länge der Gussform und auch des herzustellenden Formkörpers nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Entscheidend für die Steuerung der Abkühlgeschwindigkeit ist vor allem die Dicke des herzustellenden Formkörpers. Dabei gilt, je geringer die Dicke des herzustellenden Formkörpers ist, umso größer ist die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit. Daher kann auch mit den Abmessungen der entsprechenden Gussform die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit gesteuert werden. Vorteilhafte Dicken der herzustellenden Formkörper liegen im Bereich von 1 bis 30 mm, vorteilhafterweise im Bereich von 10 bis 20 mm oder 12 bis 20 mm. Dementsprechend können Gussformen ausgewählt werden, die solche Abmessungen aufweisen. Furthermore, advantageously, the cooling rate of the molten alloy can be controlled by the choice of the size of the mold. The width and length of the casting mold and also of the shaped body to be produced play only a minor role. Decisive for the control of the cooling rate is above all the thickness of the shaped body to be produced. In this case, the smaller the thickness of the shaped body to be produced, the greater the cooling rate. Therefore, the cooling rate can also be controlled with the dimensions of the corresponding mold. Advantageous thicknesses of the shaped bodies to be produced are in the range of 1 to 30 mm, advantageously in the range of 10 to 20 mm or 12 to 20 mm. Accordingly, molds having such dimensions can be selected.
Vorteilhafterweise bestehen solche Gussformen aus Kupfer, sogenannte Kupferkokillen. Typische Abmessungen derartiger Kokillen sind 70 x 120 x 14 mm3. Advantageously, such molds made of copper, so-called copper molds. Typical dimensions of such molds are 70 x 120 x 14 mm 3 .
Das Aufschmelzen der Legierungsbestandteile kann weiterhin vorteilhafterweise in einem Induktionsofen durchgeführt werden, wobei als Tiegelmaterial auch vorteilhafterweise AI2O3 eingesetzt wird. The melting of the alloy constituents can furthermore advantageously be carried out in an induction furnace, advantageously also using Al 2 O 3 as the crucible material.
Die eingesetzten Legierungsbestandteile sollen vorteilhafterweise möglichst frei von Verunreinigungen und Zusätzen sein und durch das Aufschmelzen und Gießen der Legierung sollen ebenfalls möglichst wenig Verunreinigungen und Zusätze in die Schmelze und damit in den Formkörper eingebracht werden.  The alloy constituents used should advantageously be as free as possible of impurities and additives, and as a result of the melting and casting of the alloy, as few impurities and additives as possible should also be introduced into the melt and thus into the shaped body.
Die Legierungsbestandteile werden vorteilhafterweise bis auf Temperaturen von 1400 - 1900 °C erwärmt und bei Temperaturen zwischen 1400 und 1500 °C in die Form gegossen. Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, dass durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren anschließende Wärmebehandlungen überflüssig werden, da der erfindungsgemäße Formkörper seine besonderen mechanischen Eigenschaften bereits im Gusszustand aufweist. The alloy components are advantageously heated to temperatures of 1400-1900 ° C and poured at temperatures between 1400 and 1500 ° C in the mold. Furthermore, it is advantageous that subsequent heat treatments become superfluous as a result of the method according to the invention, since the shaped body according to the invention has its particular mechanical properties already in the cast state.
Der Nachweis der austenitischen, der martensitischen, der boridischen und/oder car- bidischen und/oder nitridischen und/oder oxidischen Phasen und die Bestimmung der Größe und des Volumenanteils dieser Phasen kann über Röntgenbeugung, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie oder Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie erfolgen. The detection of the austenitic, the martensitic, the boridic and / or carbidic and / or nitridic and / or oxidic phases and the determination of the size and the volume fraction of these phases can be carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy or transmission electron microscopy.
Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand von mehreren Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. The invention is explained below with reference to several embodiments.
Beispiel 1 example 1
Zur Herstellung einer Legierung mit der Zusammensetzung Fe84,3iCr4,26Mo4,62V2,i 8C4,6i o,o2 (in Atom-%) werden 849,8 g Fe, 40 g Cr, 80 g Mo, 20 g V, 10 g C und 0,2 g Y eingewogen und gemischt. Diese Mischung wird in einer Induktionsschmelzanlage unter Argonschutzgas bei Temperaturen von 1500° C aufgeschmolzen und in eine rechteckige Kupferkokille mit den Abmessungen 70 x 100 x 14 mm3 abgegossen. Aufgrund der Größe der Kupferkokille und der Abmessungen des Gussteiles beträgt die Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit 200 K/s. To prepare an alloy having the composition Fe 8 4 .4iCr 4 .26 Mo 4,62 V 2, i 8 C 4 , 6 o, o 2 (in atomic%), 849.8 g of Fe, 40 g of Cr, 80 g of Mo, 20 g of V, Weigh and mix 10 g of C and 0.2 g of Y. This mixture is melted in an induction melting plant under argon protective gas at temperatures of 1500 ° C and poured into a rectangular copper mold with the dimensions 70 x 100 x 14 mm 3 . Due to the size of the copper mold and the dimensions of the casting, the cooling rate is 200 K / s.
Der erhaltene quaderförmige Formkörper besteht aus einer hochfesten, mikrokristallinen, martensitischen (trz) Phase, einer mikrokristallinen austenitischen (kfz) Phase, sowie nano- und mikrokristallinen carbidischen Phasen vom Typ MC und M2C. The obtained rectangular shaped body consists of a high-strength, microcrystalline, martensitic (trz) phase, a microcrystalline austenitic (kfz) phase, as well as nano- and microcrystalline carbidic phases of the type MC and M 2 C.
Der Volumenanteil der martensitischen Phase beträgt 75 %, der Volumenanteil der austenitischen Phase beträgt 15 % und der Volumenanteil der carbidischen Phasen beträgt 10 %. The volume fraction of the martensitic phase is 75%, the volume fraction of the austenitic phase is 15% and the volume fraction of the carbidic phases is 10%.
Nachfolgend ist der Formkörper im Druckversuch untersucht worden und eine technische Bruchstauchung von 13,6 % (wahre Bruchstauchung von 15,3 %) bei einer technischen Bruchfestigkeit von 5060 MPa (wahre Bruchfestigkeit von 4260 MPa) ermittelt worden. Die elastische Stauchung an der 0,2 % Dehngrenze beträgt 1 ,3 % bei einer Festigkeit von 2480 MPa (techn.) oder 2010 MPa (wahr). Der Elastizitätsmodul beträgt 212 GPa. Subsequently, the molded article was tested in compression and a technical crushing of 13.6% (true crushing of 15.3%) at a technical breaking strength of 5060 MPa (true breaking strength of 4260 MPa) been determined. The elastic compression at the 0.2% proof stress is 1.3% at a strength of 2480 MPa (techn.) Or 2010 MPa (true). The modulus of elasticity is 212 GPa.
Damit ist ein Formkörper hergestellt worden, der eine gute Verformungsfestigkeit und eine deutliche Festigkeitssteigerung bei gleichzeitiger guter Duktilität aufweist.  Thus, a molded body has been produced, which has a good resistance to deformation and a significant increase in strength coupled with good ductility.
Beispiel 2 Example 2
Zur Herstellung einer Legierung mit der Zusammensetzung Fe8i,9Cr4,32Mo4,63V2,i 5C4,56Si2,3 Smo,io (in Atom-%) werden 835 g Fe, 41 g Cr, 81 g Mo, 20 g V, 10 g C, 12 g Si und 1 g Sm eingewogen und gemischt. Diese Mischung wird in einer Induktionsschmelzanlage unter Argonschutzgas bei Temperaturen von 1500 ° C aufgeschmolzen und in eine quadratische Kupferkokille mit den Abmessungen 70 x 70 x 18 mm3 abgegossen. Aufgrund der Größe der Kupferkokille und der Abmessungen des Gussteiles beträgt die Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit 150 K/s. To prepare an alloy having the composition Fe8i, 9Cr4,32Mo4,63V2, i5C4,56Si2,3 Smo, io (in atomic%), 835 g Fe, 41 g Cr, 81 g Mo, 20 g V, 10 g C Weighed out 12 g of Si and 1 g of Sm and mixed. This mixture is melted in an induction melting plant under argon protective gas at temperatures of 1500 ° C and poured into a square copper mold with the dimensions 70 x 70 x 18 mm 3 . Due to the size of the copper mold and the dimensions of the casting, the cooling rate is 150 K / s.
Der erhaltene quaderförmige Formkörper besteht aus einer hochfesten, mikrokristallinen, martensitischen (trz) Phase, einer mikrokristallinen austenitischen (kfz) Phase, sowie nano- und mikrokristallinen carbidischen Phasen vom Typ MC und M2C. The obtained rectangular shaped body consists of a high-strength, microcrystalline, martensitic (trz) phase, a microcrystalline austenitic (kfz) phase, as well as nano- and microcrystalline carbidic phases of the type MC and M 2 C.
Der Volumenanteil der martensitischen Phase beträgt 70 %, der Volumenanteil der austenitischen Phase beträgt 18 % und der Volumenanteil der carbidischen Phasen beträgt 12 %. The volume fraction of the martensitic phase is 70%, the volume fraction of the austenitic phase is 18% and the volume fraction of the carbidic phases is 12%.
Nachfolgend ist der Formkörper im Druckversuch untersucht worden und eine technische Bruchstauchung von 16,3 % (wahre Bruchstauchung von 18, 1 %) bei einer technischen Bruchfestigkeit von 4350 MPa (wahre Bruchfestigkeit von 3720 MPa) ermittelt worden. Die elastische Stauchung an der 0,2 % Dehngrenze beträgt 1 ,2 % bei einer Festigkeit von 2140 MPa (techn.) oder 1860 MPa (wahr). Der Elastizitätsmodul beträgt 217 GPa.  Subsequently, the molding was examined in compression test and a technical crushing of 16.3% (true crushing fracture of 18, 1%) at a technical breaking strength of 4350 MPa (true breaking strength of 3720 MPa) has been determined. The elastic compression at the 0.2% proof stress is 1.2% at a strength of 2140 MPa (techn.) Or 1860 MPa (true). The modulus of elasticity is 217 GPa.
Dam it ist ein Formkörper hergestellt worden, der eine gute Verformungsfestigkeit und eine deutliche Festigkeitssteigerung bei gleichzeitiger guter Duktilität aufweist.  Dam it a molded body has been produced, which has a good resistance to deformation and a significant increase in strength while good ductility.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Hochfeste, bei Raumtemperatur plastisch verformbare und mechanische Energie absorbierende Formkörper aus Eisenlegierungen, die gemäß der Formel 1 . High-strength, at room temperature plastically deformable and energy absorbing mechanical body of iron alloys, which according to the formula
Fea E1 b E2c E3d E4e Fe a E1 b E2 c E3 d E4 e
E1 ein oder mehrere Elemente der Gruppe B, C, N und 0, E1 one or more elements of group B, C, N and 0,
E2 ein oder mehrere Elemente der Gruppe Cr, V, Mo, W, Ti, Ta, Zr, Hf und Nb, E2 is one or more elements of the group Cr, V, Mo, W, Ti, Ta, Zr, Hf and Nb,
E3 ein oder mehrere Elemente der Gruppe AI und Si,  E3 one or more elements of the group AI and Si,
E4 ein oder mehrere Elemente der Gruppe Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, E4 one or more elements of the group Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm,
Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb und Lu, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu,
enthalten, mit included, with
a = 100-(b+c+d+e) a = 100- (b + c + d + e)
b = 0,01 bis 15 b = 0.01 to 15
c = 0,5 bis 13 c = 0.5 to 13
d = 0 bis 10 d = 0 to 10
e = 0,01 bis 5 e = 0.01 to 5
(a, b, c, d, e in Atom-%),  (a, b, c, d, e in atomic%),
und die geringe, herstellungstechnisch bedingte Zusätze und Verunreinigungen enthalten können, und deren Gefüge eine homogene Mikrostruktur aufweist, dieand the low, manufacturing-related additives and impurities may contain, and their structure has a homogeneous microstructure, the
- 40 bis 80 Vol.-% martensitische (trz - tetragonal raumzentriert) Phase - 40 to 80% by volume martensitic (tetragonal - body centered) phase
und and
- 5 bis 35 Vol.- % austenitische (kfz - kubisch flächenzentriert) Phase  - 5 to 35% by volume austenitic (kfz - cubic face centered) phase
und and
- den Rest an boridischen und/oder carbidischen und/oder nitridischen und/oder oxidischen Phasen  the remainder of boridic and / or carbidic and / or nitridic and / or oxidic phases
enthält, wobei der Volumenanteil an austenitischer Phase ansteigt, je geringer der Anteil an E2 ist. contains, wherein the volume fraction of austenitic phase increases, the lower the proportion of E2.
2. Formkörper nach Anspruch 1 , bei denen ferritische und/oder bainitische Phasen vorhanden sind. 2. Shaped body according to claim 1, in which ferritic and / or bainitic phases are present.
3. Formkörper nach Anspruch 1 , bei denen der Volumenanteil der martensitischen Phase 50 bis 70 % beträgt. 3. Shaped body according to claim 1, wherein the volume fraction of the martensitic phase is 50 to 70%.
4. Formkörper nach Anspruch 1 , bei denen der Volumenanteil der austenitischen Phase 5 bis < 30 %, vorteilhafterweise 10 bis 20 %, beträgt. 4. Shaped body according to claim 1, wherein the volume fraction of the austenitic phase is 5 to <30%, advantageously 10 to 20%.
5. Formkörper nach Anspruch 1 , bei denen der Volumenanteil der boridischen und/oder carbidischen und/oder nitridischen und/oder oxidischen Phasen 5 - 15 Vol. - % beträgt. 5. Shaped body according to claim 1, in which the volume fraction of the boridic and / or carbidic and / or nitridic and / or oxidic phases is 5 to 15% by volume.
6. Formkörper nach Anspruch 1 , bei denen der Werkstoff der Form körper eine Zusammensetzung b = 1 -6, c = 7-13, d = 3-6 und e = 0,01 -0,09 (in Atom-%) aufweist. 6. Shaped body according to claim 1, wherein the material of the mold body has a composition b = 1 -6, c = 7-13, d = 3-6 and e = 0.01 -0.09 (in atomic%) ,
7. Formkörper nach Anspruch 1 , bei denen der Werkstoff der Formkörper eine Zusammensetzung 7. Shaped body according to claim 1, wherein the material of the shaped body is a composition
FeaCrciMoC2Vc3CbYe FeaCr c iMo C 2V c3 CbYe
mit a = 70-90, b = 3-6, d = 3-5, c2 = 3-5, c3 = 1 -3, und e = 0,01 -0,09 (in Atom-%) oder der Zusammensetzung with a = 70-90, b = 3-6, d = 3-5, c2 = 3-5, c3 = 1-3, and e = 0.01-0.09 (in atomic%) or composition
FeaCrciMoC2Vc3CbSidYe FeaCr c iMo C 2V c3 CbSidYe
m it a = 70-90, b = 3-6, d = 3-5, c2 = 3-5, c3 = 1 -3, d = 1 -3 und e = 0,01 -0,09 (inwith a = 70-90, b = 3-6, d = 3-5, c2 = 3-5, c3 = 1 -3, d = 1 -3, and e = 0.01-0.09 (in
Atom-%) Atom-%)
aufweist. having.
8. Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochfesten, bei Raumtemperatur plastisch verformbaren und m echan ische E nerg ie absorbierenden Form körpern aus Eisenlegierungen, bei dem die Legierungselemente gemischt, aufgeschmolzen und anschließend in eine Gussform gegossen werden, wobei die Abkühlung der Legierung in der Gussform mit einer Geschwindigkeit von > 20 K/s realisiert wird und die Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der einzustellenden Phasenzusammensetzung gewählt wird, wobei höhere Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten die Bildung der martensitischen Phase fördern. 8. A process for the production of high strength room temperature plastically deformable and mechanical energy absorbing iron-alloy bodies, in which the alloying elements are mixed, melted and then poured into a casting mold, the cooling of the alloy in the casting mold with a Speed of> 20 K / s is realized and the cooling rate is chosen depending on the phase composition to be set, with higher cooling rates promote the formation of the martensitic phase.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, bei dem zur Realisierung von boridischen und/oder carbidischen und/oder nitridischen Phasen im Gefüge das Aufschmelzen und Formgießen unter Ausschluss von Sauerstoff durchgeführt wird, 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the realization of boridic and / or carbidic and / or nitridic phases in the microstructure, the melting and molding is carried out in the absence of oxygen,
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, bei dem zur Realisierung der Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten Gussformen mit einer geringen Dicke des herzustellenden Formkörpers eingesetzt werden, wobei vorteilhafterweise Gussformen m it einer Dicke des herzustellenden Formkörpers von 1 bis 30 mm, noch vorteilhafterweise von 10 bis 20 mm oder von 12 bis 20 mm, eingesetzt werden. 10. The method of claim 8, are used in the realization of the cooling molds with a small thickness of the molded article to be produced, advantageously molds m it with a thickness of the molded article of 1 to 30 mm, more preferably from 10 to 20 mm or 12 up to 20 mm.
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