EP2618062B1 - Small fireplace - Google Patents
Small fireplace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2618062B1 EP2618062B1 EP13000298.3A EP13000298A EP2618062B1 EP 2618062 B1 EP2618062 B1 EP 2618062B1 EP 13000298 A EP13000298 A EP 13000298A EP 2618062 B1 EP2618062 B1 EP 2618062B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- projections
- recesses
- fireplace according
- width
- side face
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polycyclic aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
- F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
- F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
- F24B5/026—Supply of primary and secondary air for combustion
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
- E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
- E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
- E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
- F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel by discharging the air above the fire
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
- F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
- F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
- F23M5/085—Cooling thereof; Tube walls using air or other gas as the cooling medium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/02—Closed stoves
- F24B1/04—Closed stoves built-up from glazed tiles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F24C15/00—Details
- F24C15/34—Elements and arrangements for heat storage or insulation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
- E04B2002/0219—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions of pyramidal shape
Definitions
- the invention relates to a Klein85 Too with an outer shell, surrounded by refractory bricks firebox, a combustion air supply via inlet openings in the side walls of the firebox and a flue gas discharge, wherein the inlet openings for the combustion air formed by horizontal slots between spaced-apart projections provided blocks of the side walls of the firebox are.
- small hearth is understood in particular tiled stoves, stoves, fireplaces and other heat-generating systems od od renewable fuel in the form of logs. Like. Burn.
- a small hearth of this kind is known for example from CH 177 894.
- the firebox is limited by special building blocks which, by means of suitable projections, define slots for the lateral inlet of the combustion air supplied from below.
- wedge-shaped building blocks In the lower part of the furnace is enclosed by wedge-shaped building blocks, which are surrounded by L-shaped building blocks and ribs, resulting in approximately L-shaped air ducts.
- Heat generation with the renewable energy source wood is in the area of tension between the demands for a sustainable and climate-friendly energy supply on the one hand and the potentially harmful particulate matter emission on the other.
- the main problem to be solved is the previously inadequate ventilation of the combustion chamber, which is a major reason for inadequate combustion and resulting high levels of particulate matter development.
- soot and polycyclic aromatic compounds are formed by incomplete combustion in the small hearth.
- a well-ventilated combustion process would have the advantage that hardly any toxic carbon monoxide is produced during combustion and that hardly any soot and tar deposits form in the chimney, which can lead to a chimney fire.
- the object of the invention is therefore to construct a small fire place that meets the upcoming requirements.
- the above object is achieved in that the slit limiting blocks are cuboid and have four side surfaces and two end faces, and that the projections are provided on two adjacent side surfaces of each block as a slot-forming spacers to the outer shell and to an overlying or underlying block.
- the combustion air inlet openings can not be bound to the size of holes or channels in the building block, but can be kept in the size required even for an excess combustion air supply by providing appropriate distances between the building blocks and the outer shell.
- the outer shell can also be an already existing furnace, in the firebox of the building blocks are used. Above all, in this case, the distance to the outside securing projections are particularly advantageous.
- the fuel can be supplied evenly from all sides with combustion air, and thus the emissions can be reduced to a minimum.
- Cuboid blocks with protrusions are already known several times. That's how it shows DE 34 26 239 block-shaped building blocks with projections on two sides, but represent two other side surfaces. The difference is essential because the building blocks of DE 34 26 239 are provided with projections on a side surface and an end face. Since the stones are hollow and the projections represent connections in the cavity, the end projections must engage in corresponding frontal holes. It would not be possible to rotate the blocks 90 ° to use the protrusions as spacers outwards or inwards.
- the US 4,108,733 shows a lattice brick with maximum heat exchange surface. Projections for spacing are only at the bottom. Recesses are formed on the four side surfaces, which have grooves or waves that pass through the height, so that two lattice blocks arranged next to one another form further channels which correspond to the channels in the interior. These stones can not be arranged so that slots remain outwards and up or down.
- the DE 20 164 26 shows frame-like building blocks, which have projections and depressions on the four sides, so that they are plugged together. Blocks are provided as toy or building elements and described only in a solid connector. The openings in the flat frame side can be covered by plates on which also projections and depressions are formed in order to form corner constructions can.
- Two different wall thicknesses of the side walls of the firebox can be achieved when building blocks according to the invention have a rectangular cross-section, wherein they can be provided in a first arrangement edgewise and lying in a second arrangement one above the other.
- the protrusions are preferably provided on each side surface at intervals corresponding respectively to the single or double width of the side surface. This arrangement of the projections ensures that the blocks can be superimposed offset over the corner.
- recesses are provided in the two other side surfaces, that is, in the third and fourth side surface of the module, so that the components can be overlapped one inside the other.
- the recesses are formed at two different depths, the depth of the deeper recesses being equal to or greater than the height of the protrusions, and the depth of the shallower recesses being less than the height of the protrusions.
- the blocks can be set by horizontal displacement either without slots or with slots on top of each other. So it is for example advantageous, the lowest two or three layers of building blocks without Laying intermediate space, so that a circumferentially closed collection space for ash is achieved.
- the blocks are arranged so that the projections engage in the deeper recesses, so that the side surfaces of the blocks lie directly on top of each other. In the other layers, the blocks are arranged offset by half the length, whereby the projections engage only in the shallower depressions, so that the slots arise.
- a small fire place in particular a tiled stove, stove od.
- Has an outer shell 1 of any kind which is created for example from stove tiles to build the combustion chamber 2 or which may also be part of an existing small fire place, with a new combustion chamber is provided.
- a base plate or a bottom element 4 limits the combustion chamber 2 downwards.
- side walls 3 are provided at least on three sides, which are created from building blocks 5 according to the invention.
- the blocks 5 are drawn schematically, so that their details according to Fig. 2 to 5 in Fig. 1 are not apparent.
- the arrangement of the blocks 5 is such that lower layers, for example two or three, are airtightly arranged on the bottom element 4 and on top of each other, and enclose an ash space.
- the blocks 5 are laid at a distance from each other, so that the bearing joints are not tight, but form slots 6, flows through the combustion air into the combustion chamber 2.
- the combustion air supply 7 is formed on the underside of the Klein85ooth in a known manner, and therefore shown only schematically.
- the air follows the arrows A on all sides to the edge of the bottom element 4 and then rises through vertical channels 8 on the outside of the combustion chamber 2 upwards. From the vertical channels 8, the combustion air then passes through all slots 6 in the combustion chamber 2, so that in any case by the generous dimensioning of the cross section of the channels 8 and the slots 6 combustion air surplus in the combustion chamber 2 can be achieved, the complete, low-emission combustion causes the fuel.
- the sufficient cross sections can be achieved for example by spacers, which are provided or inserted at selected locations.
- FIG. 1 A preferred embodiment of a building block 5 for the production of the side walls 3 of the furnace 2 after Fig. 1 show the Fig. 2 to 6 in detail.
- the module 5 has a substantially rectangular cross-section, for example, with side lengths of 5 and 8 cm, so that - as the illustrations Fig. 7 to 10 show a thicker side walls 3 for larger combustion chambers and higher heat outputs, and can be achieved by a high-edge processing thinner side walls 3 for smaller fire chambers and lower heating capacities.
- the blocks 5 are provided on two adjoining side surfaces 11, 12 with projections 9 and in the two other side surfaces 13, 14 with recesses 15, 16, 17.
- the projections 9 are formed substantially truncated pyramidal with a rectangular base and extend with the shorter side in the longitudinal direction of the block 5, as seen from Fig.
- each two projections 9 on each side surface 11, 12 corresponds to twice the width x, y of the side surface.
- a button-shaped upper part 10 on the projection 9 is used in particular for forming a sufficient distance to the outer shell 1, by which the corresponding dimension of the vertical channel 8 is ensured.
- the recesses 15, 16, 17 are formed in the side surfaces 13 and 14 in two different depths and orientations.
- a shallower recess 15 is formed by a longitudinal groove in the side surfaces 13, 14, whose Width of the length of the projections 9 and whose depth is smaller than the height of the projections 9.
- the deeper recesses 16, 17 are at least as deep as the projections 9 including the tops 10 up and provided in two rows, wherein in a first row are substantially truncated pyramidal recesses 16 provided with a rectangular base corresponding to the truncated pyramidal projections 9 on the opposite side surface, which thus extend in the longitudinal groove 15 with the longer side perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the block 5 and to each other by twice the width x, y of the side surface 11, 13; 12, 14 are spaced from each other.
- building blocks 5 are placed one above the other, then on the one hand the dense arrangement is possible, as is required, for example, for the formation of the ash space, since - as best of all Fig. 11 it can be seen - the projections 9 completely engage in the deeper recesses 16.
- superimposed building blocks 5 by twice the width x, y of the side surfaces 11, 13; 12, 14 displaceable in length.
- the second row belonging depressions 17 are also formed opposite to the projections 16, but rotated by 90 °, so that their longer sides of the rectangle in the longitudinal direction of the block 5 are. Due to the rectangular truncated pyramid shape they are narrower than the projections 9 and can therefore be provided at intervals in the side surfaces 13 and 14, which correspond to the width x, y of the side surface, since the projections 9 project beyond the recesses 17 on both sides. Thus, the blocks 5, offset by their width, can be superimposed so that the slots 6 remain free between the blocks 5 for supplying the combustion air, since the projections 9 abut outside of the deeper recesses 17 respectively in the shallower recess 15.
- the deeper recesses 17 could also be performed by a continuous longitudinal groove within the shallower longitudinal groove.
- the spaced arrangement of individual longitudinal deeper recesses 17 is advantageous because the outermost projection 9 of the overarching block 5 in the corner in the outermost deeper recess 17 of the vertically extending block 5 of the other side wall. 3 positively engages.
- the blocks 5 of the side walls 3 are laid so that the arranged on the vertical side surface 11, 12 protrusions 9 including the tops 10 each project outwardly, so that the height of these projections 9, the distance of the side walls 3 to the outer shell 1 and thus this dimension the vertical channels 8 is determined.
- the height of the projections 9 therefore depends on the amount of combustion air to be introduced through the slots 6 in the combustion chamber 2, and is in particular between 2 and 2.5 cm.
- the depth of the deeper recesses 16, 17 is then preferably up to 2.6 cm, while the depth of the shallower recesses 15, that is, the longitudinal groove which determines the width of the slots 6, preferably at 1 cm.
- the blocks may have predetermined separation marks in order to be able to break off at the corners resulting supernatants corresponding to the wall thickness or a multiple of the wall thickness in a simple manner.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kleinfeuerstätte mit einer Außenhülle, einem von feuerfesten Bausteinen umgebenen Feuerraum, einer Verbrennungsluftzufuhr über Eintrittsöffnungen in den Seitenwänden des Feuerraums und einer Rauchgasabführung, wobei die Eintrittsöffnungen für die Verbrennungsluft durch horizontale Schlitze zwischen mit voneinander beabstandeten Vorsprüngen versehenen Bausteinen der Seitenwände des Feuerraums gebildet sind. Unter dem Begriff "Kleinfeuerstätte" werden dabei vor allem Kachelöfen, Kaminöfen, Heizkamine und andere Wärme erzeugende Anlagen verstanden, die nachwachsendes Brennmaterial in Form von Holzscheiten od. dgl. verbrennen.The invention relates to a Kleinfeuerstätte with an outer shell, surrounded by refractory bricks firebox, a combustion air supply via inlet openings in the side walls of the firebox and a flue gas discharge, wherein the inlet openings for the combustion air formed by horizontal slots between spaced-apart projections provided blocks of the side walls of the firebox are. The term "small hearth" is understood in particular tiled stoves, stoves, fireplaces and other heat-generating systems od od renewable fuel in the form of logs. Like. Burn.
Eine Kleinfeuerstätte dieser Art ist beispielsweise aus der CH 177 894 bekannt. Der Feuerraum ist von speziellen Bausteinen begrenzt, die durch geeignete Vorsprünge Schlitze für den seitlichen Einlass der Verbrennungsluftbegrenzen, die von unten zugeführt wird. Im unteren Bereich ist der Feuerraum von keilförmigen Bausteinen eingeschlossen, die von L-förmigen Bausteinen und Rippen umgeben sind, wodurch sich etwa L-förmige Luftkanäle ergeben.A small hearth of this kind is known for example from CH 177 894. The firebox is limited by special building blocks which, by means of suitable projections, define slots for the lateral inlet of the combustion air supplied from below. In the lower part of the furnace is enclosed by wedge-shaped building blocks, which are surrounded by L-shaped building blocks and ribs, resulting in approximately L-shaped air ducts.
Eine Wärmeerzeugung mit dem nachwachsenden Energieträger Holz steht im Spannungsfeld zwischen den Forderungen an eine nachhaltige und Klima schonende Energieversorgung auf der einen Seite und der potenziell gesundheitsschädlichen Feinstaubemission auf der anderen Seite.Heat generation with the renewable energy source wood is in the area of tension between the demands for a sustainable and climate-friendly energy supply on the one hand and the potentially harmful particulate matter emission on the other.
Die meisten händisch beschickten Scheitholzanlagen erfüllen zur Zeit geltende Emissionsvorschriften. Eine deutliche Verschärfung der Emissionsgrenzwerte (35 Milligramm/MJ Feinstaub) und der Wirkungsgradanforderungen für das Implementieren neuer Kleinfeuerungsanlagen wie Kachelöfen, Heizkamine, Kaminöfen ist in naher Zukunft zu erwarten.Most hand-fed firewood plants currently comply with applicable emission regulations. A significant tightening of the emission limit values (35 milligrams / MJ particulate matter) and the efficiency requirements for the implementation of new small combustion plants such as tiled stoves, fireplaces, stoves is expected in the near future.
Die zur Zeit gebauten Kleinfeuerungsanlagen sind nicht in der Lage, die kommenden gesetzlichen Richtlinien einzuhalten.The currently built small combustion plants are not able to comply with the upcoming legal guidelines.
Das zu lösende Hauptproblem ist die bisher unzureichende Belüftung des Feuerraumes, die einen wesentlichen Grund für unzureichende Verbrennung und für daraus resultierende hohe Feinstaub-entwicklungen bildet. Insbesondere Ruß und polyzyklische aromatische Verbindungen entstehen durch unvollständige Verbrennung in der Kleinfeuerstätte. Neben der starken Reduktion der Feinstäube hätte ein gut belüfteter Verbrennungsprozess die Vorteile, dass bei der Verbrennung kaum giftiges Kohlenmonoxid entsteht und dass sich im Schornstein kaum Ruß- und Teerablagerungen bilden, die zu einem Schornsteinbrand führen können.The main problem to be solved is the previously inadequate ventilation of the combustion chamber, which is a major reason for inadequate combustion and resulting high levels of particulate matter development. In particular soot and polycyclic aromatic compounds are formed by incomplete combustion in the small hearth. In addition to the strong reduction of fine dust, a well-ventilated combustion process would have the advantage that hardly any toxic carbon monoxide is produced during combustion and that hardly any soot and tar deposits form in the chimney, which can lead to a chimney fire.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Kleinfeuerstätte zu konstruieren, die die kommenden Vorgaben erreicht.The object of the invention is therefore to construct a small fire place that meets the upcoming requirements.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die obenstehende Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass die Schlitze begrenzenden Bausteine quaderförmig sind und vier Seitenflächen und zwei Stirnflächen aufweisen, und dass die Vorsprünge an zwei aneinander grenzenden Seitenflächen jedes Bausteins als schlitzbildende Abstandhalter zur Außenhülle und zu einem darüber oder darunter liegenden Baustein vorgesehen sind.According to the invention the above object is achieved in that the slit limiting blocks are cuboid and have four side surfaces and two end faces, and that the projections are provided on two adjacent side surfaces of each block as a slot-forming spacers to the outer shell and to an overlying or underlying block.
Auf diese Weise können die Eintrittsöffnungen für die Verbrennungsluft nicht an die Größe von Löchern oder Kanälen in den Baustein gebunden, sondern können durch Schaffung von entsprechenden Abständen zwischen den Bausteinen und zur Außenhülle in der auch für eine überschüssige Verbrennungsluftzufuhr benötigten Größe gehalten werden. Wie bereits oben erwähnt, kann die Außenhülle auch ein bereits vorhandener Ofen sein, in dessen Feuerraum die Bausteine eingesetzt werden. Vor allem hierbei sind die den Abstand nach außen sichernden Vorsprünge besonders vorteilhaft.In this way, the combustion air inlet openings can not be bound to the size of holes or channels in the building block, but can be kept in the size required even for an excess combustion air supply by providing appropriate distances between the building blocks and the outer shell. As already mentioned above, the outer shell can also be an already existing furnace, in the firebox of the building blocks are used. Above all, in this case, the distance to the outside securing projections are particularly advantageous.
Durch die Ausbildung der horizontalen Schlitze, die zumindest über drei Seiten des Feuerraumes insbesondere nur durch Abstandhalter unterbrochen durchgehend sind, kann der Brennstoff gleichmäßig von allen Seiten mit Verbrennungsluft versorgt werden, und damit können die Emissionen auf ein Minimum reduziert werden. Die zwischen Außenhülle und Feuerraum zugeführte Verbrennungsluft und tritt durch die Schlitze zwischen den Bausteinen in den Feuerraum ein. Damit wird eine erhebliche Verringerung der Emissionen (Feinstäube, OGC, CO, NOx,...) bis zu 70 % erreicht und die künftigen gesetzlichen Normen werden erfüllt.By forming the horizontal slots, which are interrupted at least over three sides of the combustion chamber, in particular only by spacers interrupted, the fuel can be supplied evenly from all sides with combustion air, and thus the emissions can be reduced to a minimum. The supplied between the outer shell and the combustion chamber combustion air and enters through the slots between the blocks in the firebox. This achieves a significant reduction of emissions (fine dust, OGC, CO, NOx, ...) of up to 70% and meets future legal standards.
Weitere technische Anforderungen, die durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung erfüllt werden sind:
- Gute Wärmeleiteigenschaften durch eine möglichst dickwandige Ausführung des Bausteins. Damit wird vor allem eine wesentliche Qualität eines Kachelofens erfüllt, der die Wärme aufnimmt und in Folge zeitverzögert über Stunden wieder an die Umgebung abgibt.
- Einbau in bestehende Heizanlagen (Kachelöfen), die die Außenhülle bilden, wodurch auch diese Anlagen die künftigen gesetzlichen Bestimmungen
- erfüllen, ohne die bestehende Anlage abzureißen oder einen neuen Ofen zu errichten.
- Optisch ansprechende Formgebung des Bausteins, da er häufig durch eine Glasheiztüre ständig sichtbar ist.
- Good heat conduction properties through a thick-walled design of the building block. This is above all an essential quality of a tiled stove is met, which absorbs the heat and releases in a time-delayed over hours back to the environment.
- Installation in existing heating systems (tiled stoves), which form the outer shell, whereby also these plants the future legal regulations
- without demolishing the existing plant or building a new one.
- Optically attractive design of the device, as it is often constantly visible through a glass door.
Quaderförmige Bausteine mit Vorsprüngen sind mehrfach bereits bekannt. So zeigt die
Die
Im Wesentlichen ähnliche Argumente gelten zur
Die
Schließlich zeigen die
Zwei unterschiedliche Wandstärken der Seitenwände des Feuerraums lassen sich erzielen, wenn erfindungsgemäße Bausteine einen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen, wobei sie in einer ersten Anordnung hochkant und in einer zweiten Anordnung liegend übereinander vorgesehen werden können.Two different wall thicknesses of the side walls of the firebox can be achieved when building blocks according to the invention have a rectangular cross-section, wherein they can be provided in a first arrangement edgewise and lying in a second arrangement one above the other.
Die Vorsprünge sind bevorzugt an jeder Seitenfläche in Abständen vorgesehen, die jeweils der einfachen oder doppelten Breite der Seitenfläche entsprechen. Diese Anordnung der Vorsprünge stellt sicher, dass die Bausteine auch über Eck versetzt übereinander gelegt werden können.The protrusions are preferably provided on each side surface at intervals corresponding respectively to the single or double width of the side surface. This arrangement of the projections ensures that the blocks can be superimposed offset over the corner.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung kann weiters vorgesehen sein, dass in den beiden anderen Seitenflächen, also in der dritten und vierten Seitenfläche des Bausteins, Vertiefungen vorgesehen sind, sodass die Bausteine ineinander greifend übereinander gelegt werden können.In a preferred embodiment it can further be provided that recesses are provided in the two other side surfaces, that is, in the third and fourth side surface of the module, so that the components can be overlapped one inside the other.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung sind die Vertiefungen in zwei verschiedenen Tiefen ausgebildet, wobei die Tiefe der tieferen Vertiefungen gleich oder größer als die Höhe der Vorsprünge ist, und die Tiefe der flacheren Vertiefungen geringer als die Höhe der Vorsprünge ist. Durch die Vertiefungen mit zwei verschiedenen Tiefen, von denen die flacheren Vertiefungen bevorzugt jeweils durch eine durchgehende Längsnut gebildet sind, können die Bausteine durch horizontale Verschiebung entweder ohne Schlitze oder mit Schlitzen übereinander gesetzt werden. So ist es beispielsweise von Vorteil, die untersten zwei oder drei Lagen von Bausteinen ohne Zwischenraum zu verlegen, sodass ein umfangsgeschlossener Sammelraum für Asche erzielt wird. Die Bausteine werden dabei so angeordnet, dass die Vorsprünge in die tieferen Vertiefungen eingreifen, sodass die Seitenflächen der Bausteine direkt aufeinander liegen. In den weiteren Lagen werden die Bausteine um die halbe Länge versetzt angeordnet, wodurch die Vorsprünge nur in die flacheren Vertiefungen eingreifen, sodass die Schlitze entstehen.In another preferred embodiment, the recesses are formed at two different depths, the depth of the deeper recesses being equal to or greater than the height of the protrusions, and the depth of the shallower recesses being less than the height of the protrusions. By the recesses with two different depths, of which the shallower recesses are preferably each formed by a continuous longitudinal groove, the blocks can be set by horizontal displacement either without slots or with slots on top of each other. So it is for example advantageous, the lowest two or three layers of building blocks without Laying intermediate space, so that a circumferentially closed collection space for ash is achieved. The blocks are arranged so that the projections engage in the deeper recesses, so that the side surfaces of the blocks lie directly on top of each other. In the other layers, the blocks are arranged offset by half the length, whereby the projections engage only in the shallower depressions, so that the slots arise.
Nachstehend wird nun die Erfindung anhand der Figuren der beiliegenden Zeichnung näher beschrieben, ohne darauf beschränkt zu sein.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einen Ausschnitt aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Kleinfeuerstätte,
- Fig. 2 bis 5
- vier Seitenansichten eines Bausteins für den Aufbau der Seitenwände des Feuerraumes von
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 6
- eine Endansicht des Bausteins,
- Fig. 7 und 8
- Teilansichten eines Eckverbundes zweier Seitenwände, in dem die Bausteine liegend verlegt sind,
- Fig. 9
und 10 - Teilansichten eines Eckverbundes zweier Seitenwände, in dem die Bausteine hochkant verlegt sind, und
- Fig. 11
- eine schematische Ansicht eines Teilbereiches einer Seitenwand von außen.
Show it:
- Fig. 1
- a section of a Kleinfeuerstätte invention,
- Fig. 2 to 5
- four side views of a building block for the construction of the side walls of the furnace of
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 6
- an end view of the building block,
- FIGS. 7 and 8
- Partial views of a corner joint of two side walls, in which the blocks are laid lying,
- FIGS. 9 and 10
- Partial views of a corner joint of two side walls, in which the blocks are laid edgewise, and
- Fig. 11
- a schematic view of a portion of a side wall from the outside.
Eine Kleinfeuerstätte, insbesondere ein Kachelofen, Kaminofen od. dgl., weist eine Außenhülle 1 beliebiger Art auf, die beispielsweise aus Ofenkacheln nach Aufbau des Feuerraumes 2 erstellt wird bzw. die auch Teil einer bereits bestehenden Kleinfeuerstätte sein kann, die mit einem neuen Feuerraum 2 versehen wird.A small fire place, in particular a tiled stove, stove od. Like., Has an
Eine Grundplatte bzw. ein Bodenelement 4 begrenzt den Feuerraum 2 nach unten. Auf dem Bodenelement 4 sind zumindest an drei Seiten Seitenwände 3 vorgesehen, die aus erfindungsgemäßen Bausteinen 5 erstellt sind. Die Bausteine 5 sind schematisch gezeichnet, sodass deren Details gemäß
In den folgenden, höheren Lagen sind die Bausteine 5 mit Abstand zueinander verlegt, sodass die Lagerfugen nicht dicht sind, sondern Schlitze 6 bilden, durch die Verbrennungsluft in den Feuerraum 2 einströmt. Die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr 7 ist an der Unterseite der Kleinfeuerstätte in bekannter Art ausgebildet, und daher nur schematisch gezeigt. Die Luft folgt den Pfeilen A allseitig bis zum Rand des Bodenelementes 4 und steigt dann durch vertikale Kanäle 8 an der Außenseite des Feuerraumes 2 nach oben. Aus den vertikalen Kanälen 8 tritt die Verbrennungsluft dann durch alle Schlitze 6 in den Feuerraum 2, sodass in jedem Fall durch die großzügige Dimensionierung der Querschnitt der Kanäle 8 und der Schlitze 6 ein Verbrennungsluftüberschuss im Feuerraum 2 erzielt werden kann, der eine vollständige, emissionsarme Verbrennung des Brennmaterials bewirkt. Die ausreichenden Querschnitte können beispielsweise durch Abstandhalter erzielt werden, die an ausgewählten Stellen vorgesehen bzw. eingefügt werden.In the following, higher positions, the
Eine bevorzugte Ausführung eines Bausteines 5 für die Herstellung der Seitenwände 3 des Feuerraums 2 nach
Die Vertiefungen 15, 16, 17 sind in den Seitenflächen 13 und 14 in zwei unterschiedlichen Tiefen und Ausrichtungen ausgebildet. Eine jeweils flachere Vertiefung 15 ist durch eine Längsnut in den Seitenflächen 13, 14 gebildet, deren Breite der Länge der Vorsprünge 9 und deren Tiefe kleiner als die Höhe der Vorsprünge 9 ist.The
Die tieferen Vertiefungen 16, 17 sind zumindest so tief wie die Vorsprünge 9 einschließlich der Oberteile 10 hoch und in zwei Reihen vorgesehen, wobei in einer ersten Reihe im Wesentlichen pyramidenstumpfförmige Vertiefungen 16 mit rechteckiger Grundfläche entsprechend den pyramidenstumpfförmigen Vorsprüngen 9 an der gegenüberliegenden Seitenfläche vorgesehen sind, die sich somit in der Längsnut 15 mit der längeren Seite senkrecht zur Längsrichtung des Bausteins 5 erstrecken und zueinander um die doppelte Breite x, y der Seitenfläche 11, 13; 12, 14 voneinander beabstandet sind.The deeper recesses 16, 17 are at least as deep as the
Werden Bausteine 5 übereinander gelegt, so ist einerseits die dichte Anordnung möglich, wie sie beispielsweise für die Ausbildung des Aschenraumes benötigt wird, da - wie am besten aus
Der zweiten Reihe angehörende Vertiefungen 17 sind ebenfalls gegengleich den Vorsprüngen 16 ausgebildet, aber um 90° verdreht, sodass ihre längeren Rechteckseiten in Längsrichtung des Bausteines 5 liegen. Aufgrund der rechteckigen Pyramidenstumpfform sind sie schmäler als die Vorsprünge 9 und können daher in Abständen in den Seitenflächen 13 und 14 vorgesehen werden, die der Breite x, y der Seitenfläche entsprechen, da die Vorsprünge 9 die Vertiefungen 17 beidseitig überragen. Somit können die Bausteine 5, um ihre Breite versetzt, so übereinander gelegt werden, dass die Schlitze 6 zwischen den Bausteinen 5 zur Zufuhr der Verbrennungsluft frei bleiben, da die Vorsprünge 9 außerhalb der tieferen Vertiefungen 17 jeweils in der flacheren Vertiefung 15 anliegen.The second
Durch die Ineinanderlegung der tieferen Vertiefungen 16, 17 der beiden Reihen ergeben sich abwechselnd schmälere längsgerichtete Vertiefungen 17 und kreuzförmige Vertiefungen, die aus je einer Vertiefung 16 und einer Vertiefung 17 gebildet sind.By nesting the deeper recesses 16, 17 of the two rows alternately narrower
Die tieferen Vertiefungen 17 könnten auch durch eine durchgehende Längsnut innerhalb der flacheren Längsnut ausgeführt werden. Für den stabilen Eckverband der geschlossenen, dichten Überlagerung ist aber die beabstandete Anordnung einzelner längsgerichteter tieferer Vertiefungen 17 von Vorteil, da der äußerste Vorsprung 9 des übergreifenden Bausteins 5 im Eckbereich in die äußerste tiefere Vertiefung 17 des sich senkrecht dazu erstreckenden Bausteins 5 der anderen Seitenwand 3 formschlüssig eingreift.The deeper recesses 17 could also be performed by a continuous longitudinal groove within the shallower longitudinal groove. For the stable corner of the closed, dense overlay but the spaced arrangement of individual longitudinal
Die Bausteine 5 der Seitenwände 3 werden so verlegt, dass die an der vertikalen Seitenfläche 11, 12 angeordneten Vorsprünge 9 einschließlich der Oberteile 10 jeweils nach außen ragen, sodass durch die Höhe dieser Vorsprünge 9 der Abstand der Seitenwände 3 zur Außenhülle 1 und somit diese Dimension der vertikalen Kanäle 8 bestimmt ist. Die Höhe der Vorsprünge 9 richtet sich daher nach der Menge an Verbrennungsluft, die durch die Schlitze 6 in den Feuerraum 2 eingebracht werden soll, und beträgt insbesondere zwischen 2 und 2,5 cm. Die Tiefe der tieferen Vertiefungen 16, 17 beträgt dann bevorzugt bis zu 2,6 cm, während die Tiefe der flacheren Vertiefungen 15, das heißt der Längsnut die die Breite der Schlitze 6 bestimmt, vorzugsweise bei 1 cm liegt.The
Die Bausteine können Solltrennmarkierungen aufweisen, um an den Ecken sich ergebende Überstände die der Wanddicke bzw. einem Mehrfachen der Wanddicke entsprechen in einfacher Weise abbrechen zu können.The blocks may have predetermined separation marks in order to be able to break off at the corners resulting supernatants corresponding to the wall thickness or a multiple of the wall thickness in a simple manner.
Claims (11)
- A small fireplace comprising an outer casing (1), a firebox (2) surrounded by refractory bricks (5), a combustion air supply (7) by way of entry openings in the side walls (3) of the firebox (2) and a flue gas discharge, wherein the entry openings for the combustion air are formed by horizontal slots (6) between bricks (5), provided with mutually spaced projections (9), of the side walls (3) of the firebox (2), characterised in that the bricks (5) defining slots are cuboidal and have four side faces and two end faces and that the projections (9) are provided at two mutually adjoining side faces (11, 12) of each brick (5) as slot-forming spacers relative to the outer casing (1) and to a brick (5) arranged above or below same.
- A small fireplace according to claim 1 characterised in that the projections (9) are provided at each side face (11, 12) at spacings which respectively correspond to double the width (x, y) of the side face (11, 12).
- A small fireplace according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the brick (5) is of a substantially rectangular cross-section and the projections (9) are provided at the two side faces (11, 12) of differing widths at different spacings.
- A small fireplace according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterised in that the projections (9) are of a substantially truncated pyramid-shaped configuration with a rectangular base face, wherein the longer side extends in the width (x, y) of the side face (11, 12) and is shorter than the width (x, y) of the side face (11, 12).
- A small fireplace according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterised in that the brick has recesses (15; 16, 17) in the third and fourth side faces (13, 14).
- A small fireplace according to claim 5 characterised in that the recesses (15; 16, 17) are provided in two different depths, wherein the depth of the deeper recesses (16, 17) is equal to or greater than the height of the projections (9) and the depth of the shallower recesses (15) is less than the height of the projections (9).
- A small fireplace according to claim 6 characterised in that each shallower recess (15) is formed by a longitudinal groove whose width corresponds to the dimension in the same direction of the projections (9).
- A small fireplace according to claim 6 characterised in that the deeper recesses (16, 17) are rectangular and are of an identical opposite configuration to the substantially truncated pyramid-shaped projections (9).
- A small fireplace according to claim 6 and claim 8 characterised in that the deeper recesses (16, 17) in each side face (13, 14) are arranged in two rows disposed one within the other, wherein the first row includes recesses (16) whose longer rectangular side extends in the width of the side face (13, 14) and whose spacing relative to each other corresponds to double the width (x, y) of the side face (13, 14) and wherein the second row includes recesses (17) whose longer rectangular side extends in the length of the side face (13, 14) and whose spacing relative to each other corresponds to the width (x, y) of the side face (13, 14).
- A small fireplace according to claim 9 characterised in that the deeper recesses (17) of the second row cross each second recess (16) of the first row.
- A small fireplace according to one of claims 1 to 10 characterised in that the bricks (5) can be stacked in a first relative position with respect to each other in such a way that the projections (9) extend into the recesses (16) whereby the side faces (11, 13; 12, 14) of the bricks (5) bear against each other and can be stacked in a second relative position with respect to each other in such a way that the projections (9) bear between the recesses (6) against the bricks (5), wherein slots (6) for the combustion air are formed between the bricks (5).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA68/2012A AT512575A1 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2012-01-23 | SMALL APPLIANCE |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2618062A2 EP2618062A2 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
EP2618062A3 EP2618062A3 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
EP2618062B1 true EP2618062B1 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
Family
ID=47623904
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13000298.3A Active EP2618062B1 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2013-01-21 | Small fireplace |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2618062B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT512575A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CL2013002028A1 (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2013-12-06 | Com E Ind Nm Chile Sa | Stove that uses a solid fuel and that comprises a combustion chamber inside an external structure of the stove, a chimney, a frontal opening that closes with a door, a primary air intake that connects to a chamber inside the stove , which is connected with vertical ducts that join with an upper chamber that is connected with one or two upper lateral chambers or lungs. |
CN112747471A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-04 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Combustion chamber and gas appliance |
CN112747472A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-04 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Combustion chamber and gas appliance |
EP4043812A4 (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-12-14 | Wuhu Midea Kitchen and Bath Appliances Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Combustion chamber and gas apparatus |
IT202000003050A1 (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2021-08-17 | Mcz Group S P A | BRAZIER |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE7442395U (en) * | 1975-04-30 | Beermann P | Container filled with metallo-thermal compound for shredding files | |
US2018223A (en) * | 1931-07-01 | 1935-10-22 | Otto Carl | Refractory brick |
CH177894A (en) * | 1935-03-29 | 1935-06-30 | Kanderner Tonwarenfabrik Ernst | Wood burning stove. |
DE1779162U (en) * | 1958-10-10 | 1958-12-11 | Buderus Eisenwerk | FASTENING DEVICE FOR THE BRICKSTONE ON OIL FIRED BOILERS. |
DE1965012A1 (en) * | 1969-12-27 | 1971-07-01 | Allg Liegenschaften Und Treuha | Construction elements, in particular toy and building construction elements |
US4108733A (en) * | 1977-04-25 | 1978-08-22 | Koppers Company, Inc. | High efficiency coke oven regenerator checker brick |
FR2550568B3 (en) * | 1983-08-08 | 1985-08-23 | Piazza Giovanni | MODULAR ELEMENT OF MACON CONSTRUCTION |
DE3426239A1 (en) * | 1984-07-17 | 1986-05-15 | Korke, Klaus, 7527 Kraichtal | Hollow building block or hollow building slab made of gas concrete |
DE29815374U1 (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 1999-02-18 | Löchte, Clemens, 48432 Rheine | Insulating modules for thermal insulation |
DE20102458U1 (en) * | 2000-03-09 | 2001-04-26 | Concept Kreative Prod | Refractory brick |
-
2012
- 2012-01-23 AT ATA68/2012A patent/AT512575A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2013
- 2013-01-21 EP EP13000298.3A patent/EP2618062B1/en active Active
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None * |
Also Published As
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EP2618062A3 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
AT512575A1 (en) | 2013-09-15 |
EP2618062A2 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
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