EP2618038B1 - Anlage und Verfahren zur Versorgung mit flüssigem Xenon - Google Patents

Anlage und Verfahren zur Versorgung mit flüssigem Xenon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2618038B1
EP2618038B1 EP13151810.2A EP13151810A EP2618038B1 EP 2618038 B1 EP2618038 B1 EP 2618038B1 EP 13151810 A EP13151810 A EP 13151810A EP 2618038 B1 EP2618038 B1 EP 2618038B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
xenon
installation
bar
useful
Prior art date
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Application number
EP13151810.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2618038A3 (de
EP2618038A2 (de
Inventor
Elena Aprile
Wan-ting CHEN
Jean-Sébastien Stutzmann
Dominique Thers
Pierre Briend
Fabien Durand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ECOLE DES MINES DE NANTES
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite de Nantes
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Ecole des Mines de Nantes
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite de Nantes
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Universite de Nantes, Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Ecole des Mines de Nantes
Publication of EP2618038A2 publication Critical patent/EP2618038A2/de
Publication of EP2618038A3 publication Critical patent/EP2618038A3/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0261—Details of cold box insulation, housing and internal structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0128—Shape spherical or elliptical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0617—Single wall with one layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0103—Exterior arrangements
    • F17C2205/0111—Boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/0126—One vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
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    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0329—Valves manually actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0355—Insulation thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
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    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
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    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
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    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/0107—Propulsion of the fluid by pressurising the ullage
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    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
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    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0353—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid using cryocooler
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0374—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the liquid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0376—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
    • F17C2227/0381—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact integrated in the wall
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
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    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
    • F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/05—Improving chemical properties
    • F17C2260/056—Improving fluid characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/036—Treating the boil-off by recovery with heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
    • F17C2270/0527—Superconductors
    • F17C2270/0536—Magnetic resonance imaging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/90—Boil-off gas from storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/36—Xenon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an installation for supplying liquid xenon, in particular to a cryostat for an imaging system or detection system. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for supplying liquid xenon, in particular to a cryostat for an imaging system or for a cosmic particle detection system.
  • the present invention finds particular application in the field of medical imaging or in the field of astronomical observation (for example of dark matter).
  • US2010037656A1 describes an installation for recovering, storing and supplying xenon gas.
  • This installation includes a tank adapted to contain xenon in the gaseous state.
  • this installation includes components for liquefying xenon downstream of the tank.
  • treating xenon in the gaseous state requires a large treatment volume, therefore significant space and large surfaces in contact with the xenon.
  • numerous components must be used to convert the xenon from the gaseous state to the liquid state upstream of the cryostat, which complicates the installation and lengthens the processing of the xenon.
  • the present invention aims in particular to resolve, in whole or in part, the problems mentioned above.
  • the subject of the invention is an installation for supplying liquid xenon, in particular to a cryostat for an imaging system or detection system, the installation being as defined by claim 1.
  • liquid xenon designates xenon in the liquid state or in the supercritical fluid state.
  • the term “useful mass” designates the mass of xenon which is necessary for the intended application, for example for the operation of a cryostat for an imaging system in the medical field or in the field of observation. astronomical.
  • a useful pressure between 60 bar and 80 bar allows the use of a relatively compact tank.
  • a pressure value corresponds to an absolute pressure
  • the overpressure limiter member thus calibrated makes it possible to avoid losses of gaseous xenon when the tank is subjected to the useful pressure of between 60 bar and 80 bar. In other words, this overpressure limiting device does not trigger when the entire useful mass of xenon is contained in the tank in the gaseous state at ambient temperature.
  • the machine further comprises a supply pipe which is connected to the tank and means for connect the supply line to the cryostat, so that the supply line channels liquid xenon to the cryostat when the installation is in service.
  • the useful mass of xenon is between 10 kg and 10,000 kg, preferably between 100 kg and 5,000 kg.
  • the shape and thickness of the walls of said at least one tank are selected so that said at least one tank supports stresses of between 0 to 8 MPa.
  • the tank can withstand a pressure of between 60 bar and 80 bar.
  • said at least one tank contains a useful mass of xenon of 3000 kg, the useful pressure being equal to 65 bar, and in which said at least one tank preferably has a generally spherical or generally cylindrical with an internal diameter of 1700 mm, the walls being made of stainless steel and having a constant thickness of 35 mm.
  • the overall spherical shape is optimized for large volumes.
  • the spherical shape minimizes the internal surface of the tank walls, therefore minimizing the bulk of the tank.
  • the overall cylindrical shape is optimized for small volumes.
  • the overall cylindrical shape is particularly easy to manufacture, transport and install.
  • An internal diameter of 1700 mm makes it possible to define a relatively compact tank.
  • such a tank can contain a similar volume of liquid xenon and a similar volume of gaseous xenon.
  • said at least one reservoir has a generally spherical or generally cylindrical shape.
  • the overall spherical shape is optimized for large volumes.
  • the spherical shape minimizes the internal surface of the tank walls, therefore minimizing the bulk of the tank.
  • the overall cylindrical shape is optimized for small volumes.
  • the overall cylindrical shape is particularly easy to manufacture, transport and install.
  • the installation comprises several tanks each having a generally cylindrical shape, the tanks preferably being juxtaposed.
  • the installation comprises several tanks each having a generally cylindrical shape, the tanks being preferably juxtaposed.
  • the tanks make it possible to modulate the useful mass of xenon to be supplied to a cryostat and to vary this useful mass during the service of such a cryostat.
  • the installation further comprises a purification device connected to the respective tank and adapted to purify gaseous xenon, preferably at room temperature, so as to reinject into a respective tank xenon having a degree of purity less than 2 ppb, preferably less than 1 ppb.
  • the verbs "connect”, “connect”, “connect”, “feed” and their derivatives relate to fluid communication, that is to say to the flow of fluid, between two elements remote, by means of a direct or indirect link, that is to say via none, one or more component(s) such as a pipe.
  • fluid designate a liquid, a gas or a supercritical fluid.
  • such a secondary heat exchanger allows liquid xenon to evaporate and reheat when it circulates in the heating pipe towards the purification device, while gaseous xenon cools and recondenses when it circulates in the cooling pipe coming from the purification device.
  • Such a primary heat exchanger makes it possible to liquefy and therefore recondense the gaseous xenon without risk of solidifying it, because the first coil and the cold source are separated by a guard distance.
  • thermally conductive material designates a material having a thermal conductivity greater than 100 W/m/K. Such a material makes it possible to quickly standardize the temperature of the block.
  • the cold source comprises a cryogenic machine, such as a pulsed gas tube, placed in the block or in contact with the block.
  • a cryogenic machine such as a pulsed gas tube
  • the cold head of the pulsed gas tube is arranged at the minimum distance from the liquefaction coil.
  • the cold source is a source of cryogenic fluid, which preferably contains essentially liquid dinitrogen, the primary heat exchanger further comprising a cooling coil, preferably made of stainless steel, which is arranged in the block so as to cool the block by circulation of the cryogenic fluid.
  • a cold source makes it possible to cool the block, therefore to liquefy the gaseous xenon efficiently.
  • the source of cryogenic fluid comprises a separator tank which is arranged upstream of the first coil.
  • a separator flask can remove any gaseous nitrogen at the inlet of the first coil, which makes it possible to precisely measure the quantity of cold (frigories) supplied to the xenon, in particular during a scientific experiment.
  • the primary heat exchanger further comprises control means for controlling the flow of cryogenic fluid to the pressure prevailing in a respective tank.
  • control means for controlling the flow of cryogenic fluid to the pressure prevailing in a respective tank.
  • control means can for example include a pressure sensor installed in the tank, a valve with variable shutter and a control member of this valve.
  • the primary heat exchanger further comprises an attenuator member adapted to reduce the flow of gaseous xenon taken from the respective tank when the temperature of the block is below a predetermined threshold.
  • an attenuator member makes it possible to prevent the solidification of the xenon in the first coil.
  • the attenuator member can be controlled by an industrial programmable controller.
  • the heating pipe and the cooling pipe are arranged so that their respective xenon flows are countercurrent.
  • the secondary heat exchanger can operate with high thermal efficiency.
  • the installation further comprises a compressor arranged downstream of the purification device and upstream of the secondary heat exchanger.
  • a compressor makes it possible to compress the gaseous xenon, therefore reducing the volume necessary for its purification.
  • the installation further comprises a valve with manually or automatically adjustable opening and arranged upstream of the cooling pipe so that the pressure prevailing in the cooling pipe is greater than the pressure in the pipe reheating.
  • a valve with adjustable opening allows the partial recondensation of the xenon in the case where liquid xenon is taken.
  • this heating device makes it possible to regulate the pressure prevailing inside the respective tank, therefore to vary the proportions of gaseous xenon and liquid xenon, for example during the transfer phases of the liquid xenon to the cryostat.
  • this heating device can be powered by the heat transfer fluid at ambient temperature, it limits or even avoids the risk of overheating the tank and therefore the risk of loss of xenon through a valve or a safety vent such as a disc. a break.
  • the heating device further comprises a gas flow meter and at least one temperature sensor arranged so as to precisely measure the quantity of heat (calories) supplied to the xenon, in particular during a scientific experiment.
  • the heating device further comprises a non-return valve disposed downstream of the heat transfer coil.
  • a non-return valve limits or even prevents the reflux of humid air into the heat transfer coil.
  • the thermal insulation equipment comprises at least one layer of thermally insulating material, such as closed cell polyvinyl chloride foam, said at least one layer being arranged so as to surround at least the or each tank, said at least one layer preferably being arranged on the external surface of the or each tank.
  • thermally insulating material such as closed cell polyvinyl chloride foam
  • the thermal insulation equipment comprises an envelope delimiting at least one cavity arranged around the or each tank, the cavity being placed under vacuum when the installation is in service.
  • the thermal insulation equipment comprises a pump arranged to evacuate said at least one cavity.
  • a pump arranged to evacuate said at least one cavity.
  • the thermal insulation equipment comprises several layers, including at least one layer reflecting infrared radiation, such as an aluminum film.
  • at least one layer reflecting infrared radiation such as an aluminum film.
  • the thermal insulation equipment comprises a layer of powdered perlite placed on the external surface of the respective tank, the perlite being for example placed under vacuum or swept by a stream of nitrogen.
  • a layer of perlite makes it possible to greatly reduce the thermal losses of the tank by conduction.
  • said at least one overpressure limiting member is calibrated to limit the overpressure to a determined value exceeding said useful pressure by 2 to 10 bar, preferably by 5 bar.
  • the method further comprises a step consisting of actuating the cryogenic device so that the useful mass of xenon comprises approximately 50% by volume of liquid xenon and approximately 50% by volume of gaseous xenon when the pressure in the respective tank is between 0.5 bar and 5 bar.
  • the vapors produced by the heat inputs to the tank are recondensed. This results in the pressure being controlled at the value required for use, in particular for transfer operations from the tank to the cryostat and conversely from the cryostat to the tank.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an installation 1 for supplying liquid xenon LXe to a cryostat 2 for an imaging system not shown, via a supply line 3.
  • the installation 1 comprises a tank 4 delimiting an internal volume V4 adapted to contain a so-called useful mass of xenon, in the liquid state LXe and in the gaseous state GXe.
  • the tank 4 has a generally spherical shape with an internal diameter D4 measuring approximately 1700 mm.
  • the supply line 3 is connected to the tank 4 and a connection not shown is arranged to connect the supply line 3 to the cryostat 2, so that the supply line 3 channels liquid xenon LXe towards the cryostat 2 when the Installation 1 is in service.
  • the installation 1 further comprises a cryogenic device 10 adapted to condense a flow Xe.11 of gaseous xenon.
  • the cryogenic device 10 is connected, respectively by a forward pipe 11 and a return pipe 12, to the tank 4 so as to collect gaseous xenon Xe.11 coming from the upper part of the tank 4 and to channel a flow of condensed xenon Xe. 12 towards the tank 4.
  • the outward pipe 11 and the return pipe 12 can have a diameter of approximately 1 cm (3/8").
  • the installation 1 comprises thermal insulation equipment arranged to thermally insulate the tank 4.
  • the thermal insulation equipment comprises a layer 14 of closed cell polyvinyl chloride foam, the foam forming a thermally insulating material.
  • the layer 14 is arranged so as to surround the tank 4.
  • the layer 14 is here arranged on the external surface of the tank 4.
  • the layer 14 is arranged so as to surround the supply pipe 3.
  • the tank 4 comprises walls 6.
  • the shape and thickness of the walls 6 of the tank 4 are selected so that the tank 4 supports a useful pressure developed by the useful mass of xenon in the gaseous state at a temperature of approximately 300 K.
  • this useful pressure can be between 60 bar and 80 bar.
  • the useful mass of xenon is approximately 3000 kg.
  • the useful pressure is approximately 65 bar.
  • the walls 6 of the tank 4 are made of stainless steel and have a constant thickness E6 of approximately 35 mm.
  • the shape and thickness E6 of the walls 6 of the tank 4 are selected so that the tank 4 supports stresses of between 0 to 8 MPa. Thus, the tank can support the useful pressure of 65 bar.
  • the cryogenic power of the cryogenic device 10 is selected so that the useful mass of xenon comprises approximately 50% by volume of liquid xenon and approximately 50% by volume of gaseous xenon, as shown in Fig. figure 1 , when the pressure in tank 4 is between 1 bar and 2 bar.
  • This pressure corresponds to an operating pressure, that is to say when the tank delivers liquid xenon to the cryostat via a supply line 3.
  • the percentages indicated above may vary by plus or minus 15%, when the tank is initially filled before being put into service and under an operating pressure of between 1 bar and 2 bar.
  • the operating percentage of liquid xenon may vary for example between 5% to 50%, depending on the quantity of xenon transferred to the cryostat.
  • the cold source comprises a source 20 of cryogenic fluid, which essentially contains liquid dinitrogen LN2.
  • the primary heat exchanger 16 further comprises a cooling coil 21, preferably made of stainless steel, which is arranged in the block 18 so as to cool the block by circulation of the cryogenic fluid.
  • the minimum distance 21.22 between the liquefaction coil 22 and the cooling coil 21, which here represents the cold source, is greater than 50 mm.
  • the minimum distance 21.22 makes it possible to avoid the solidification of the xenon in the liquefaction coil 22.
  • the layer 14 is arranged so as to surround the block 18, the outward pipe 11 and the return pipe 12. The layer 14 thus makes it possible to limit the thermal losses through these components.
  • the primary heat exchanger 16 further comprises control means not shown for controlling the flow of liquid dinitrogen to the pressure prevailing in the tank 4. In other words, when this pressure increases, the flow of dinitrogen can be increased. liquid ; conversely, when this pressure decreases, the flow of liquid dinitrogen can be reduced.
  • the control means here comprise a pressure sensor, not shown, which is installed in the tank 4, a variable shutter valve, not shown, and a member, not shown, for controlling this valve.
  • the primary heat exchanger 16 further comprises an attenuator member, not shown, which is adapted to reduce the flow rate of the gaseous xenon flow Xe.11 when the temperature of the block 18 is below a predetermined threshold.
  • This attenuator can be controlled by an industrial programmable controller.
  • the installation 1 further comprises an overpressure limiting member 26 which is connected to the tank and which is calibrated to limit overpressure in the tank 4 to a value greater than or equal to the useful pressure.
  • the overpressure limiter member 26 can be calibrated at a setting pressure of approximately 70 bar for a useful pressure of approximately 65 bar.
  • the overpressure limiter member 26 lets the gaseous xenon GXe escape only when the pressure in the tank 4 exceeds 70 bar, which can occur when the tank is brought to a temperature above 300 K.
  • the installation 1 further comprises a purification device 30 which is connected to the tank 4 and which is adapted to purify a flow of gaseous xenon Xe.30, so as to reinject into the tank 4 a flow of ultrapure xenon Xe.31 having a degree of purity less than 2 ppb, or even 1 ppb.
  • a purification device 30 which is connected to the tank 4 and which is adapted to purify a flow of gaseous xenon Xe.30, so as to reinject into the tank 4 a flow of ultrapure xenon Xe.31 having a degree of purity less than 2 ppb, or even 1 ppb.
  • the purification device 30 can be formed by a device marketed under the reference Oxysorb ® and comprising a getter.
  • the heating pipe 42 extends between the tank 4 and the purification device 30 at the level of the secondary heat exchanger 40.
  • the cooling pipe 44 extends between the purification device 30 and the tank 4 at the level of the secondary heat exchanger 40. Secondary heat exchanger 40. Heating line 42 and cooling line 44 may have a diameter of approximately 1 cm (3/8").
  • the heating pipe 42 is arranged near the cooling pipe 44, so that the heating pipe 42 and the cooling pipe 44 are thermally coupled, that is to say they exchange a quantity of heat when installation 1 is in service.
  • the installation 1 further comprises a compressor, not shown, which is arranged downstream of the purification device 30 and upstream of the secondary heat exchanger 40.
  • the heating pipe 42 and the cooling pipe 44 are arranged so that their respective xenon flows are counter-current to each other, that is to say in opposite directions.
  • the installation further comprises a valve with adjustable opening 46, manually or automatically, and arranged upstream of the cooling pipe 44, so that the pressure prevailing in the cooling pipe 44 is greater than the pressure in the heating pipe 42.
  • the heating line 42 takes the xenon in the gas phase (upper part of the tank 4).
  • the xenon is then reheated in the exchanger 40.
  • the purified xenon circulating in the cooling line 44 is cooled and then returns in vapor form to the tank 4.
  • the heat transfer coil 52 is arranged in a lower region, in this case at the bottom, of the tank 4 so that the heat transfer coil 52 is placed in the liquid xenon LXe when the tank 4 is in service.
  • Installation 1 illustrated in figure 2 And 3 differs from installation 1 shown in figure 1 in particular in that its thermal insulation equipment comprises a casing or an envelope 5 delimiting a cavity arranged around the tank 4. In the example of figure 2 And 3 , this cavity is also arranged around other components of the installation 1, in particular around the cryogenic device 10.
  • This cavity is placed under vacuum when the installation 1 is in service, which makes it possible to thermally isolate all the components of the installation 1 which are located in the envelope 5, in particular the tank 4 and the cryogenic device 10.
  • thermal insulation equipment may comprise a type 5 enclosure plus a type 14 layer.
  • installation 1 illustrated in figure 2 And 3 differs from installation 1 shown in figure 1 in particular in that the reheating line 42 takes the xenon from the liquid phase LXe. The xenon is then vaporized and heated to ambient temperature in the exchanger 40. Thus, the purified xenon circulating in line 44 is cooled and liquefied, then it returns in liquid form to tank 4.
  • the pressure in tank 4 can be around 2 bar at 165 K.
  • the xenon is then 50% liquid LXe and 50% gaseous GXe.
  • the liquid xenon LXe can be led to cryostat 2.
  • the xenon used is recovered from the cryostat 2, in the gaseous or liquid state, via a pipe not shown.
  • the cryogenic device 10 continuously recondenses the gaseous xenon to maintain the balance of the proportions mentioned above and therefore maintain the tank 4 at the operating pressure of approximately 2 bar.
  • the purification device 30 purifies the xenon continuously.
  • the cryogenic device 10 is actuated so that the useful mass of xenon comprises approximately 50% by volume of liquid xenon LXe and approximately 50% by volume of gaseous xenon GXe when the pressure prevailing in the reservoir 4 is approximately 2 bar.
  • the transfer of liquid xenon from tank 4 to cryostat 2 is carried out with a pressure of approximately 2 bar in supply line 3; the duration of this transfer can be between 4 hours and 3 days depending on the useful mass of xenon.
  • the recovery of gaseous or liquid xenon from the cryostat 2 to the tank is carried out at a pressure of approximately 1 bar in the tank 4; the duration of this recovery can be between 4 hours and 3 days depending on the useful mass of xenon.
  • tank 4 When stopped, for example in the event of failure of a component of the installation 1 such as the cryogenic device 10, the tank 4 will slowly heat up to ambient temperature (300 K). The pressure in tank 4 will increase until it reaches the useful pressure, here 65 bar. Tank 4 can support this useful pressure until the cryogenic device 10 is restarted and the temperature of tank 4 is gradually lowered to 165 K.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Anlage (1) zur Versorgung mit flüssigem Xenon (LXe) für einen Kryostaten (2) eines Bildgebungssystems oder einen Kryostaten eines Erkennungssystems, wobei die Anlage (1) mindestens Folgendes umfasst:
    - einen Behälter (4), der mindestens eine Wand (6) umfasst, die ein Innenvolumen (V4) begrenzt, das dazu bestimmt ist, eine Nutzmasse an Xenon zu enthalten;
    - eine Kryo-Vorrichtung (10), die fluidisch an den Behälter (4) angeschlossen ist, wobei die Kryo-Vorrichtung (10) konfiguriert ist, um gasförmiges Xenon (GXe), welches aus dem Behälter (4) stammt, zu sammeln, das gasförmige Xenon (GXe) zu kondensieren, das kondensierte Xenon zum Behälter (4) zu kanalisieren
    - eine Ausrüstung zur thermischen Isolierung, die angeordnet ist, um den mindestens einen Behälter (4) mindestens thermisch zu isolieren;
    - wobei die mindestens eine Wand (6) des Behälters eine im Allgemeinen zylindrische oder sphärische Form aufweist, die konfiguriert ist, um einem Lieferdruck, der von der Nutzmasse an Xenon im gasförmigen Zustand mit einer Temperatur im Wesentlichen gleich 300 K aufgebracht wird, standzuhalten, wobei der Lieferdruck zwischen 60 bar und 80 bar liegt;
    wobei die Anlage weiter mindestens Folgendes umfasst:
    - ein Überdruckbegrenzungsorgan, das an den Behälter (4) angeschlossen ist, wobei das mindestens eine Überdruckorgan tariert ist, um einen Überdruck auf einen Wert größer oder gleich dem Lieferdruck zu begrenzen;
    - mindestens einen Primär-Wärmetauscher (16), wobei der Primär-Wärmetauscher (16) mindestens einen Block (18) aus einem thermisch leitfähigen Werkstoff, oder vorzugsweise aus einer Aluminiumlegierung, eine Kühlquelle, die derart angeordnet ist, um den Block (18) auf eine Temperatur kleiner oder gleich der Verflüssigungstemperatur von Xenon zu kühlen, umfasst; und eine Verflüssigungsrohrschlange (22), vorzugsweise aus nichtrostendem Stahl, welche an einen entsprechenden Behälter (4) angeschlossen ist, und welche derart in dem Block (18) angeordnet ist, um das aus dem entsprechenden Behälter (4) entnommene Xenon zu verflüssigen, wobei die Anlage dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
    - die Wand des Behälters einen Innendurchmesser von 1700 mm und eine konstante Dicke von 35 mm aufweist, und dadurch, dass
    - in dem Primär-Wärmetauscher die Mindestentfernung (21, 22) zwischen der Verflüssigungsrohrschlange (22) und der Kühlquelle (21) größer als 50 mm ist; und dadurch, dass
    - mindestens ein Sekundär-Wärmetauscher (40) einerseits an den entsprechenden Behälter (4), und andererseits an eine Reinigungsvorrichtung (30) angeschlossen ist, die an den entsprechenden Behälter (4) angeschlossen ist, wobei der Sekundär-Wärmetauscher (40) eine Wiedererwärmungsleitung (42) umfasst, die stromabwärts des entsprechenden Behälters (4) gelegen, und stromaufwärts der Reinigungsvorrichtung (30) gelegen angeordnet ist, und eine Kühlleitung (44), die stromaufwärts des entsprechenden Behälters (4) gelegen, und stromabwärts der Reinigungsvorrichtung (30) gelegen angeordnet ist, wobei die Kühlleitung (44) thermisch an die Wiedererwärmungsleitung (42) gekoppelt ist.
  2. Anlage (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Nutzmasse von Xenon zwischen 10 kg und 10 000 kg, vorzugsweise zwischen 100 kg und 5000 kg liegt.
  3. Anlage (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der mindestens eine Behälter (4) eine Nutzmasse an Xenon von 3000 kg enthält, wobei der Lieferdruck gleich 65 bar ist, wobei die Wände (6) aus nichtrostendem Stahl sind.
  4. Anlage (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der mindestens eine Behälter (4) eine im Allgemeinen sphärische oder im Allgemeinen zylindrische Form aufweist.
  5. Anlage nach Anspruch 4, umfassend mehrere Behälter, die jeweils eine im Allgemeinen zylindrische Form aufweisen, wobei die Behälter vorzugsweise nebeneinandergestellt sind.
  6. Anlage (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Reinigungsvorrichtung (30), die an den entsprechenden Behälter (4) angeschlossen ist, angepasst ist, um gasförmiges Xenon (GXe) vorzugsweise bei Umgebungstemperatur zu reinigen, um in einen entsprechenden Behälter (4) erneut Xenon zu injizieren, das einen Reinheitsgrad unter 2 ppb, vorzugsweise unter 1 ppb aufweist.
  7. Anlage nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das mindestens eine Überdruckbegrenzungsorgan tariert ist, um den Überdruck auf einen bestimmten Wert zu begrenzen, der den Lieferdruck um 2 bis 10 bar, vorzugsweise um 5 bar übersteigt.
  8. Verfahren zur Versorgung mit flüssigem Xenon (LXe) für einen Kryostaten (2) für ein Bildgebungssystem oder Erkennungssystem, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Betreiben einer Anlage nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche;
    - Betätigen der Kryo-Vorrichtung (10) derart, um in dem mindestens einen Behälter (4) einen Betriebsdruck aufrecht zu erhalten, der zwischen 0,5 bar und 5 bar liegt; und
    - Kanalisieren von flüssigem Xenon (LXe) aus dem mindestens einen Behälter (4) durch eine Versorgungsleitung (3) zum Kryostaten (2).
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
    wobei, wenn der Druck, der in dem entsprechenden Behälter (4) vorherrscht, zwischen 0,5 bar und 5 bar liegt, die Nutzmasse an Xenon etwa 50 Vol.-% an flüssigem Xenon (LXe) und etwa 50 Vol.-% an gasförmigem Xenon (GXe) umfasst.
EP13151810.2A 2012-01-19 2013-01-18 Anlage und Verfahren zur Versorgung mit flüssigem Xenon Active EP2618038B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR1250559A FR2986061B1 (fr) 2012-01-19 2012-01-19 Installation et procede pour fournir du xenon liquide

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EP2618038A3 EP2618038A3 (de) 2018-04-11
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FR3041061B1 (fr) 2015-09-15 2019-05-10 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Reservoir de stockage de fluide liquefie
NO20201157A1 (en) * 2020-10-23 2022-04-25 Ic Tech As Improved cryogenic storage tank with an integrated closed cooling system

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AU2954797A (en) * 1996-05-30 1998-01-05 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Process and device for liquefying natural gas and re-liquefying boil-off gas
FR2757421B1 (fr) * 1996-12-24 1999-01-15 Air Liquide Procede d'epuration d'un fluide cryogenique par filtration et/ou adsorption
TW359736B (en) * 1997-06-20 1999-06-01 Exxon Production Research Co Systems for vehicular, land-based distribution of liquefied natural gas
FR2792707B1 (fr) * 1999-04-20 2001-07-06 Gaz De France Procede et dispositif de maintien en froid de reservoirs de stockage ou de transport d'un gaz liquefie
US6336331B1 (en) * 2000-08-01 2002-01-08 Praxair Technology, Inc. System for operating cryogenic liquid tankage
US8973398B2 (en) * 2008-02-27 2015-03-10 Kellogg Brown & Root Llc Apparatus and method for regasification of liquefied natural gas
DE102009019275A1 (de) * 2008-10-09 2010-04-15 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Betanken von Fahrzeugen mit unter Druck stehenden, gasförmigen Medien

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FR2986061A1 (fr) 2013-07-26
EP2618038A2 (de) 2013-07-24
FR2986061B1 (fr) 2019-12-06

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