Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
  • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of charging an electric battery, the electric battery supplying a load and the electric battery being charged by a source of electrical energy.
• the invention also relates to a data carrier comprising means for implementing such a method.
• the invention also relates to a charging device comprising means for implementing the charging method.
• the invention finally relates to a system comprising such a charging device and to a software program for implementing the charging method.
• the charging logic of the batteries consists in charging the batteries as long as a source of electrical energy is available for this purpose. For example, the battery of an electric motor vehicle connected to a power source is immediately charged to its maximum level of charge. Likewise, an autonomous photovoltaic system charges a battery as long as the photovoltaic panel produces electricity and the battery is not full. This logic eventually causes a degradation of the batteries.
• the object of the invention is to provide a charging method for remedying the problems mentioned above and improving charging processes known from the prior art.
• the invention proposes a method of charging an electric battery to limit the wear thereof.
• the invention provides a charging device to achieve this goal.
• the method according to the invention makes it possible to charge an electric battery of a given charge capacity, the electric battery supplying a charge and the electric battery being charged by a source of electrical energy.
• the method comprises a step of defining a first charge reference value lower than the charge capacity of the battery and a step of charging the electric battery until the first charge reference value is reached.
• the first load setpoint may depend on a first set of parameters.
• the first set of parameters may include a parameter for predicting the energy that would be delivered by the battery to power the load in a first given time range and / or a parameter for predicting energy that could be received from the source. of electric power by the battery in a given second time range and / or a level of autonomy of use of the electric charge and / or a level of charge of the battery below which it is not desirable to descend.
• the method may include a step of setting a second charge setpoint value and a step of charging the electric battery until the first or second charge setpoint is reached.
• the second load setpoint may depend on a second set of parameters.
• the second set of parameters may include a parameter for predicting the energy to be delivered by the battery to power the load in a third given time range and / or a parameter for predicting the energy that can be received from the source. of electric power by the battery in a given fourth time range and / or a level of preservation of the battery and / or a level of autonomy of use of the electric charge and / or a level of charge of the battery below from which it is not desirable to descend.
• the second charge set point can be equal to the battery charge capacity.
• a data storage medium readable by a computer on which a computer program is recorded comprises software means for implementing the steps of the method defined above.
• the device for charging an electric battery comprises hardware and / or software means for implementing the charging method defined above.
• the hardware and / or software means may comprise a logic processing unit and / or a means for activating and deactivating the charge of the battery.
• the power system comprises a charging device defined above and an electric battery.
• the power system may include a source of electrical power, including a photovoltaic panel.
• the system comprises a feed system defined above and an electric charge.
• the computer program comprises a computer program code means adapted to performing the steps of the method as defined above, when the program runs on a computer.
• charge setpoint is meant in particular “charge level setpoint” or “charge state setpoint”.
• FIG. 1 is a diagram of an embodiment of a charging device according to the invention.
• Figure 2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a charging method according to the invention.
• FIG. 3 is a graph showing the evolution of the average level of charge of the battery thanks to the invention in an example of an electrical system.
• the electrical system includes mainly an electric charge 1, an electric battery 2, a device 4 for charging the electric battery and a source of electrical energy 5.
• the electric battery powers the electric charge.
• the electric power source charges the electric battery via the charging device.
• One embodiment of the charging device 4 mainly comprises an electric converter, for example a voltage converter 6, for converting the electrical signal available at the output of the electrical energy source into an electrical signal adapted to the charging of the battery, means 3 for activating and deactivating the charge of the battery, such as, for example, a controlled switch 3, and a logic processing unit 7 controlling the voltage converter and / or the activation means and disabling the battery charge.
• an electric converter for example a voltage converter 6, for converting the electrical signal available at the output of the electrical energy source into an electrical signal adapted to the charging of the battery
• means 3 for activating and deactivating the charge of the battery, such as, for example, a controlled switch 3
• a logic processing unit 7 controlling the voltage converter and / or the activation means and disabling the battery charge.
• the logic processing unit 7 is connected via a link 8 to the source of electrical energy and / or via a connection 9 to the electrical load.
• the processing logic unit can collect information relating to the operation of the electrical load, in particular information relating to its energy consumption, for example energy consumption forecast information and / or can collect information relating to the source.
• electrical energy in particular information relating to its energy production, for example energy production forecast information.
• the logical processing unit may also include other means for collecting any other information.
• the logic processing unit 7 is still connected to the electric battery.
• the processing logic unit can collect information relating to the charge of the battery.
• the charging device in particular the logic processing unit 7, comprises any means making it possible to control the operation of the charging device in accordance with the charging method that is the subject of the invention.
• the logical processing unit includes memories and software modules.
• Software modules may include computer programs.
• the charging device may comprise a data storage medium readable by a computer on which is recorded a computer program comprising software means for implementing the steps of the charging method which is the subject of the invention, in particular for setting up implementation of the steps of the embodiment of the charging method according to the invention described below.
• the logic processing unit preferably comprises a calculation means for calculating a first charge level setpoint, a memory for storing this first charge level setpoint and a comparison means for comparing the current charge of the battery with the first charge level setpoint. load level setpoint.
• the electric charge can be of any kind such as a lighting system, a vehicle or a laptop.
• the source of electrical energy can also be of any kind, in particular the commercial electricity network or a photovoltaic panel or an alternator.
• a first step 100 information about the system is collected.
• this step is implemented by the logic processing unit described above. More preferably, the following information or parameters are collected:
• this parameter may for example be expressed in hours of use of the electric charge in a given operation in the absence of energy supplied by the source of electrical energy);
• a first charge level setpoint is defined. This first charge setpoint is strictly less than the charge capacity of the battery.
• This step is preferably implemented by the logical processing unit, in particular by means of calculation and modeling contained in the logical processing unit. These means may include computer programs. To do this, parameters previously collected are used.
• a third step 120 it is tested whether the source of electrical energy produces or contains enough electrical energy to charge the battery. If this is not the case, it is looped on step 100 or on step 120. On the other hand, if this is the case, one goes on to a fourth step 130.
• the battery is charged by the electric power source via the charging device, in particular via the electric converter.
• the operating parameters of the electrical converter are preferably defined and it is preferably put into service with these parameters.
• the load is activated by the means 3, this means being preferably controlled by the logic processing unit. In a preferred embodiment, the controlled switch 3 is closed.
• a fifth step 140 it is tested whether the first charge level setpoint is reached. If this is not the case, it is looped on step 100 or on step 120. On the other hand, if this is the case, one proceeds to a sixth step 150. This test is preferably carried out at the level of logical processing unit.
• step 150 the battery is stopped. To do this, the charge is preferably deactivated by means 3. In the preferred embodiment, the controlled switch 3 is opened. Next, step 100 is looped.
• the first charge level setpoint changes over time as a function of the various current parameters collected. It is for example recalculated at any time.
• the first setpoint can be calculated once and for all when designing or manufacturing the system.
• the first setpoint can be calculated during a system configuration phase. In the latter two cases, the first setpoint is then activated or deactivated according to the date or according to the operation of the system.
• a second load set point value it is possible that, depending on the energy consumption of the electric charge and / or according to the energy production of the electrical source and / or according to the level of preservation of the battery desired by the user and / or according to the autonomy of the Using the electric load desired by the user, at the level of the test of the sixth step 150, the first charge level reference value is replaced by the second charge level reference value.
• steps similar to steps 100 and 1 10 are then necessary to define the second charge level setpoint.
• the second load set point may be equal to the maximum load capacity of the electric battery.
• a first example concerns a lighting system, for example an urban street lighting system.
• the light generating means consists of light-emitting diodes consuming 30W in operation.
• To calculate the power of the photovoltaic panel to be installed we assume an irradiation of 1.5 kWh / m 2 / day, which makes it possible to determine the power of the photovoltaic panel equal to 300Wc (about 3m2 of panel).
• For the sizing of the battery we start from the fact that we want to ensure an autonomy of 5 days of operation corresponding to a critical case of 5 days in a row without sunshine.
• a battery with a capacity of 2.25kWh (5d x 450Wh), ie approximately 188 Ah at 12V) is installed.
• the system is found in excess energy since the solar irradiation goes from 1, 5 to 10kWh / m 2 / day.
• the energy storage capacity of the battery becomes oversized compared to the energy consumed. This induces an increase in the state of charge (charge level) of the battery since the discharges are less important and the loads more important.
• charge level state of charge
• the necessary storage energy goes to 1.5kWh (30W / 80% x8hx5j).
• a logic processing unit in order to preserve the battery, recalculates the state of charge (charge level) sufficient to prevent the battery from being perpetually in a high load level while it is not not necessary.
• the level of charge must only be sufficient to ensure the expected autonomy.
• the logic processing unit stops the charging of the battery when the stored energy is greater than or equal to a charge reference value of 1, 5kWh ( about 70% of the battery's charging capacity). This allows, as shown in Figure 3 to reduce the average charge level of the battery and thus preserve the battery damage phenomena mentioned above.
• a margin of 10% discharge depth is left to avoid deep discharges of the battery while it is very weakly charged.
• the end of discharge set point value is determined so as to prevent the charge level of the battery from falling below a level corresponding to 10% of the maximum charge capacity of the battery.
• a second example concerns a sailboat.
• the table below presents in a general way the daily energy consumption of a sailboat equipped to make a transatlantic.
• the batteries are recharged by an alternator operating approximately 2 hours per day and feeding during this time the main safety organs of the boat.
• the storage batteries must be dimensioned to allow an autonomy of 22h before the alternator starts the next day. Since the daily consumption is around 1220Wh and considering an average efficiency of the installation of 80%, the batteries must be able to supply 1525 Wh, or about 128 Ah at 12V. So we have classically sized the system to ensure operation in the most unfavorable situation race type 24h.
• the processing unit recalculates the state of charge that is to say the level of charge of the battery necessary to ensure the required autonomy. Following this, the battery charge is limited to this value. This avoids unnecessary operation of the battery with high state of charge.
• the consumption related to the driver is removed (900Wh)
• it is no longer necessary to store the 1,125Wh (900 / 0.8) provided for this body.
• the value of the energy to be stored therefore goes from 1525Wh to 400Wh.
• the logic processing unit can therefore stop the charging of the battery when the energy stored in the battery is greater than or equal to 400Wh (ie about 26% SOC, 26% of the maximum storage capacity of the date). This makes it possible to reduce the average charge level and thus to preserve the battery of the phenomena of damage which are mentioned previously. In the same way as seen previously, a margin of 10% discharge depth is left to avoid discharging the battery while its charge level is low. By only charging the battery at approximately 36% of its maximum charge capacity (approximately 550Wh), the battery is thus durably preserved while ensuring a permanent service.
• a third example is a laptop. It is common that once charged, the battery of a laptop allows to ensure an autonomous operation during 5h. Some users need only very occasionally such autonomy and very often need a reduced autonomy of 2 hours.
• the charging method according to the invention can be applied to such a case. Indeed, with the method according to the invention, it is possible to reduce the usual charge level of the battery to a level sufficient to ensure autonomy of 2 hours of use of the computer. On the other hand, when the user anticipates an exceptional need for a higher autonomy, for example an autonomy of 5 hours, he can according to the invention indicate it to the charging device which will then allow the complete charge of the battery.
• charge level means the electrical energy stored in the battery and can be restored by it. This concept is also known as “state of charge” or “SOC” and is expressed as a percentage of the maximum charge capacity of the battery or “% SOC”.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-08-30 FR FR1056856A patent/FR2964265B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-08-29 JP JP2013526427A patent/JP2013537027A/ja active Pending
  • 2011-08-29 EP EP11748959.1A patent/EP2612418A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-08-29 WO PCT/EP2011/064803 patent/WO2012028572A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2011-08-29 CN CN2011800514315A patent/CN103181056A/zh active Pending
  • 2011-08-29 BR BR112013004663A patent/BR112013004663A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-08-29 KR KR1020137007236A patent/KR20130108561A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2011-08-29 US US13/819,638 patent/US20130169211A1/en not_active Abandoned

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