EP2609446A1 - Détermination de position au moyen d'étiquettes rfid - Google Patents

Détermination de position au moyen d'étiquettes rfid

Info

Publication number
EP2609446A1
EP2609446A1 EP11760394.4A EP11760394A EP2609446A1 EP 2609446 A1 EP2609446 A1 EP 2609446A1 EP 11760394 A EP11760394 A EP 11760394A EP 2609446 A1 EP2609446 A1 EP 2609446A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transponder
signal
localization signal
determining
phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11760394.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Volker Trösken
Laszlo Hasenau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Amedo Smart Tracking Solutions GmbH
Original Assignee
Amedo Smart Tracking Solutions GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Amedo Smart Tracking Solutions GmbH filed Critical Amedo Smart Tracking Solutions GmbH
Publication of EP2609446A1 publication Critical patent/EP2609446A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10297—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves arrangements for handling protocols designed for non-contact record carriers such as RFIDs NFCs, e.g. ISO/IEC 14443 and 18092
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0247—Determining attitude
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
    • G01S13/765—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted with exchange of information between interrogator and responder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the spatial position and / or orientation of an object marked by at least one transponder, wherein the transponder receives an interrogation signal emitted by a transmitter and is thereby excited to emit a localization signal, wherein the localization signal at least one receiving device is received and analyzed by means of an evaluation device for determining the position.
  • the invention relates to a system for position determination, comprising at least one attachable to an object transponder, a transmitting device for emitting a receivable by the transponder interrogation signal, a plurality of located at different locations receiving means for receiving a radiated from the transponder localization signal, and an evaluation device for Analysis of the received localization signal.
  • a medical instrument used is of great importance in various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
  • These instruments may be, for example, intravascular catheters, guide wires, biopsy needles, minimally invasive surgical instruments, endoscopes, or the like.
  • WO 2007/147614 A2 describes a system for determining the spatial position and / or orientation of a medical instrument, with a transmitting device emitting an interrogation signal in the form of electromagnetic radiation and at least one transponder arranged in the form of an RFID tag on the medical instrument.
  • the RFID tag has an antenna and a circuit for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic radiation connected to the antenna, wherein the circuit can be excited by the interrogation signal received via the antenna in such a way that it transmits a localization signal as electromagnetic radiation the antenna is emitting.
  • a plurality of receiving devices are provided, which receive the localization signal emitted by the transponder. From the field strength and the phase of the localization signal at the location of the respective receiving device can be deduced the exact position of the transponder.
  • An evaluation device connected to the receiving devices determines the spatial position and / or orientation of the transponder and thus of the medical instrument from the localization signal emitted by the transponder.
  • the evaluation of the comparatively weak localization signal of the RFID tag in particular with regard to the phase position of the localization signal at the respective location of the receiving device, is difficult.
  • the receiving devices receive the interrogation signal of the transmitting device parallel to the localization signal. The latter is up to 100 dB stronger than the localization signal. Since the separation of the interrogation signal of the transmitting device from the localization signal of the transponder is not or at least not sufficiently well possible, a sufficient precision in the position determination can not be achieved.
  • the transmitting device intermittently emits the interrogation signal
  • the receiving device receiving at least the localization signal emitted by the transponder during the transmission pauses of the transmitting device and the evaluation device determining the position therefrom, and to a few centimeters, a few millimeters or even less than a millimeter.
  • a transponder preferably in the form of a commercially available RFID tag (eg according to the so-called "EPC Global Standard"), is used in the method according to the invention as described above.
  • FIFF is known to be a technology for contactless identification and localization
  • An RFID tag consists of a transponder and a reader for reading out the transponder identifier.This reader forms a transmitting device in the sense of the invention.
  • An RFID tag typically comprises an antenna and an integrated electronic circuit with an analog and a digital part.
  • the analogue part is used for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic radiation.
  • the digital circuit has a data memory in which identification data of the transponder can be stored.
  • the digital part of the circuit has a von Neumann architecture the reader generated te high-frequency electromagnetic field forms the interrogation signal in the context of the invention. This is received via the antenna of the RFI D transponder. As soon as it is in the electromagnetic field of the reader, an induction current is generated in the antenna, which activates the transponder. The thus activated transponder receives commands from the reader via the electromagnetic field.
  • the transponder generates a response signal containing the data requested by the reader.
  • the response signal is the location signal, by means of which the spatial position of the mark is detected.
  • Passive RFID tags as well as active RFID tags are suitable for the method according to the invention.
  • the invention makes use of the knowledge that the interrogation signal of the transmitting device can be interrupted for short periods of time (approximately 100 to 500 ⁇ ) without this impairing the communication between the transmitting device and the transponder.
  • the transponder has stored sufficient energy after the excitation by the interrogation signal and continues to send the localization signal during the transmission pauses of the transmitting device.
  • the localization signal is received during the transmission pauses of the transmission device and analyzed for position determination by means of the evaluation device. The localization signal is thus received without disturbing interference by the interrogation signal.
  • the determination of the position by means of the evaluation device based on the phase position of the electromagnetic radiation of the localization signal is carried out at the location of the receiving device.
  • the background is that the field strength of the localization signals may be subject to fluctuations, for example due to signal reflections from the environment. For this reason, a position determination based on the field strength, ie on the basis of the amplitude of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transponder localization signals, may not always be possible with sufficient accuracy.
  • the phase position is less sensitive to disturbing environmental influences than the amplitude of the electromagnetic radiation of the localization signals.
  • a coarse position determination takes place on the basis of the amplitude, wherein the accuracy is refined by determining the phase position.
  • the position determination based on the phase position also allows a higher accuracy than the position determination based on the signal amplitude. Due to the periodicity of the electromagnetic radiation, the position determination based on the phase position may not be unique. Either a limited measuring volume must be maintained, within which the phase position can be clearly deduced from the position, or it can be additional measures must be taken.
  • a combination of the measurement of the signal amplitude with the measurement of the phase position can remedy.
  • a receiving device used according to the invention typically comprises an antenna which is connected to a corresponding receiving electronics (HF network, amplifier, demodulator, etc.).
  • location of the receiving device is synonymous with the location of the antenna.
  • the phase or amplitude of the electromagnetic radiation of the localization signal at the location of the antenna is important for determining the position.
  • the antenna can be spatially separated from the associated receiving electronics It is also conceivable to use a variant in which a plurality of antennas are connected to a reception electronics system having a plurality of channels, and in this case as well, the term “location of the reception facility” is used. the location of the respective antenna is meant.
  • the orientation of the object marked by a single transponder is determined by means of the evaluation device on the basis of the phase position of the electromagnetic radiation of the localization signal at the location of the receiving device.
  • This procedure makes use of the fact that the transponder has a characteristic anisotropic emission characteristic. Accordingly, the orientation of the object in the space (determined by the angles which occupies at least one excellent axis of the object relative to the coordinate axes) affects the phase position in a defined manner. This can be used to determine the orientation, even if the object is only marked with a single transponder.
  • the electromagnetic radiation of the localization signal by means of two or more receiving devices located at different locations W
  • phase difference value derived from the received localization signal is generated by means of at least one phase detector and supplied to the evaluation device for position determination. From the localization signal received from each of two different positions, e.g. the phase difference are formed. It is also possible for each receiving device to be assigned a phase detector, to which a reference signal which is in constant phase relation with the interrogation signal is fed for phase difference generation. The measurement of the phase difference in place of the absolute phase position is advantageous because the radiated from the respective transponder electromagnetic radiation of the localization signal initially has no defined absolute phase position.
  • phase detectors e.g. used in PLL modules are used. Frequently signal amplifiers for amplifying the received signals are already integrated in such PLL components.
  • the procedure is such that the phase difference values derived from the received localization signal are compared with (eg, stored in the evaluation device) reference phase reference values.
  • a simple comparison possibly in combination with an interpolation, can be made with the stored reference phase difference values which are assigned correspondingly to x, y and z coordinates for position determination.
  • the position can be determined by means of a neural network, to which the phase difference values generated from the received localization signal are supplied as input values. At the output of the neural network are then the space coordinates, which results in the current position of the respective marker.
  • a calibration measurement is expediently carried out in advance in which reference phase difference values are detected for a plurality of predetermined positions.
  • the mentioned neural network can be trained. It makes sense to continue to visit a predetermined reference point regularly with the object or the mark, independently of the calibration. This can be used to periodically align with the origin of the coordinates. In the position determination, a shift of the coordinate origin can be easily compensated by a simple vector addition, if necessary, without a complete recalibration is necessary.
  • a plurality of reference transponders located at fixed positions can be provided, from which reference phase difference values are detected.
  • a continuous calibration is possible, for example, to continuously adapt the reference phase difference values for the position determination to changing environmental conditions.
  • the calibration measurement can be repeated regularly cyclically.
  • the localization signal emitted by the transponder is pulse-shaped.
  • the output signal of the phase detector is first digitized, with a sampling frequency which is greater than the pulse frequency of the localization signal.
  • the phase-endference value can then be derived from the received localization signal by means of the output signals of the phase detector by suitable digital signal processing.
  • a suitable signal processing algorithm can effectively suppress noise and other signal interference.
  • the signals radiated by the RFID tag used according to the invention are pulsed.
  • the digital data transmission between RFID tag and reader is usually done by signal pulses. This can be exploited according to the invention to detect the phase difference values, which are needed for position determination as described above, reliably and with low noise.
  • the invention further relates to a system for position determination, comprising at least one transponder attachable to an object, a transmitting device for emitting a query signal receivable by the transponder, a plurality of receiving devices located at different locations for receiving a localization signal radiated from the transponder, and an evaluation device for Analysis of the received localization signal.
  • a system for position determination comprising at least one transponder attachable to an object, a transmitting device for emitting a query signal receivable by the transponder, a plurality of receiving devices located at different locations for receiving a localization signal radiated from the transponder, and an evaluation device for Analysis of the received localization signal.
  • the evaluation device for determining the spatial position of the transponder is set up by analyzing the localization signal received during the transmission pauses of the transmission device.
  • each receiving device is associated with a phase detector to which a reference signal which is in constant phase relation with the interrogation signal is fed at least during the transmission pauses of the transmitting device.
  • the system according to the invention can be used in various fields.
  • the system can be used to determine the position of a medical instrument marked with one or more RFID tags with millimeter precision.
  • the detected position can be suitably visualized for the purpose of navigation, for example by outputting a representation of the instrument on a screen accessible to the surgeon, wherein the representation of the instrument superimposes medical image data (eg X-ray, CT, ultrasound or MR images) becomes.
  • medical image data eg X-ray, CT, ultrasound or MR images
  • the use of the system according to the invention in the instrumental analysis is conceivable, namely for determining the position and / or orientation of a marked by at least one transponder sample or a sample container.
  • the transponder makes it possible to determine the position of the sample within a corresponding analytical measuring arrangement.
  • the sample can be automatically identified by the transponder.
  • the system according to the invention is suitable for use in automated production technology (for example in the automotive industry or in aerospace technology) for determining the position and / or orientation of a component, workpiece or production machine marked by at least one transponder.
  • automated production technology for example in the automotive industry or in aerospace technology
  • the position of a specific (by the transponder also identifiable) workpiece to be processed, or component to be mounted are determined to control the used production machines accordingly.
  • the position of the production machines themselves i. e.g. the current position, position and orientation of a tool or gripper connected to the production machine can be detected and monitored.
  • the correct position of the workpiece or component can be checked.
  • motion capture is understood to be methods which make it possible to record movements of objects, for example human movements, and to digitize the recorded data
  • the registered digital motion data is used to transfer it to computer-generated models of the subject, such techniques being common in the production of movies and computer games today
  • To compute three-dimensional animated graphics computer-aided Motion detection allows complex movement sequences by computer be analyzed to generate animated computer graphics with relatively little effort or to control devices of consumer electronics (eg computer game consoles).
  • motion detection the most diverse types of movements can be detected, namely rotations, translations as well as deformations of the examined objects.
  • the detection of movements in moving objects such. As in humans, have multiple joints that can independently perform movements is possible.
  • motion capture also includes the so-called “performance capture technique.”
  • performance capture technique not only the body movements but also the facial expressions, ie the facial expressions of persons are detected and analyzed by computer and further processed the respective object one or more RFID tags attached as markers whose spatial positions are detected and digitized.
  • Figure 1 schematic representation of a system according to the invention as a block diagram
  • FIG. 2 shows the time profile of the intermittently emitted interrogation signal according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 Output signal of one of the phase detectors in the system according to FIG. 1.
  • the system shown schematically in FIG. 1 serves to determine the spatial position and orientation of a medical instrument 1, which is, for example, a biopsy needle.
  • a medical instrument 1 which is, for example, a biopsy needle.
  • transponders 2 and 2 ' the form of commercially available passive RFID tags are arranged, which serve as markers for determining position.
  • the system comprises a transmitting device 3, which is also a commercially available reader for the RFID tags 2, 2 'acts.
  • the transmitting device 3 emits an interrogation signal via an antenna 4.
  • the electromagnetic radiation of the interrogation signal is received by the transponders 2 and 2 '.
  • the transponders 2 and 2 'antennas (not shown), in which, as soon as they are in the electromagnetic field of the transmitting device 3, an induction current is formed by the transponder 2 and 2' are activated.
  • the localization signal is modulated in a pulse shape.
  • the localization signal interrogated by the transponders 2 and 2 ' is used to determine the spatial positions of the transponders 2 and 2' and thus to determine the position and orientation of the medical instrument 1.
  • the orientation is determined in the exemplary embodiment by analyzing the relative positions of the two transponders 2 and 2 '.
  • the localization signals of the transponders 2 and 2 ' are received by means of receiving means 5 located at different positions in space.
  • the receiving devices 5 have suitable receiving antennas 6.
  • An evaluation device 7 is provided which analyzes the received localization signals for determining the positions of the transponders 2 and 2 '.
  • the transmitting device 3 emits intermittently the interrogation signal.
  • a controlled by the evaluation device 7 switching element 8 is provided, which connects the transmitting device 3 depending on the switching position with the antenna 4 or separates from this. The switching element 8 thus enables controlled by the evaluation device 7 blanking the interrogation signal.
  • Each of the receiving devices 5 has a phase detector which derives a signal derived from the respectively received localization signal Phase difference value generated.
  • each phase detector is supplied with the interrogation signal of the transmitting device 3 in a constant phase relationship standing reference signal via a connected to the transmitting device 3 reference signal line 9.
  • the spatial positions of the transponders 2 and 2 ' are determined by means of the evaluation device 7 on the basis of the phase position of the electromagnetic radiation of the localization signal at the location of the respective receiving device 5.
  • the outputs of the phase detectors of the receiving devices 5 are connected to digital modules 10. These each include an analog-to-digital converter that digitizes the phase difference values.
  • the digital phase difference values are transmitted to the evaluation device 7 via a data bus 11 to which the digital modules 10 are connected.
  • the illustrated architecture of the system allows almost any number of receiving devices which are connected to the evaluation device 7 via the data bus 11.
  • the receiving devices 5 can be flexibly distributed according to the requirements in the room to ensure a reliable position determination.
  • the evaluation means 7 uses those position-determining phase difference values received during transmission pauses of the transmission means 3, i. during those time intervals during which the connection between the transmitting device 3 and the antenna 4 is interrupted by means of the switching element 8. In this way, it is ensured that the interrogation signal of the transmitting device 3 does not affect the position determination on the basis of the localization signals of the transponders 2 and 2 '.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the interrogation signal emitted by the transmitting device 3 via the antenna 4. It can be seen that the interrogation signal is emitted intermittently. During a period of up to 5 ms, the switching element 8 is closed, ie during this period the interrogation signal of the transmitting device 3 is radiated unhindered via the antenna 4. Then, the switching member 8 is opened, so that the connection between transmitting device 3 and antenna 4 is interrupted, namely during a period of 100 ps. During this period, the localization signals of the transponders 2 and 2 'are received via the receiving devices 5 and analyzed for position determination by means of the evaluation device 7.
  • the invention makes use, as explained above, of the knowledge that in commercial RFID systems, the interrogation signal of the transmitting device 3 (the reader) for short periods, namely about 100 to 500 s, can be interrupted, without thereby affecting the other Communication between the transmitting device 3 and the transponders 2 and 2 'is impaired. It is exploited in particular that the transponders 2 and 2 'after the excitation by the interrogation signal of the transmitting device 3 have stored sufficient energy to continue to radiate the localization signal during the transmission pauses of the transmitting device 3. The localization signals can therefore be received according to the invention without disturbing superposition by the interrogation signal.
  • the procedure is such that the phase difference values are compared by means of the evaluation device 7 with reference phase difference values stored there. By comparison with the stored reference phase difference values, the x, y and z coordinates of the respective transponder 2 or 2 'are determined.
  • the medical instrument 1 is located in an area defined by reference transponder 12.
  • the reference transponders 12, which in turn are commercially available RFID tags, are located at fixed positions. Continuously derived from the localization signals of the reference transponder 12 corresponding reference phase difference values over the illustrated system. This allows a continuous recalibration in the position determination.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the output signal of one of the phase detectors of the receiving devices 5 (see FIG. 1). It can be seen that the respective output signal is provided with a strong noise. It can also be seen that the transponders 2 and 2 'emit a pulsed output signal. Find the signal pulses of the localization signal their correspondence in the signal pulses at the output of the phase detectors. The pulsed emission of the localization signals of the transponders 2 and 2 'serves for data transmission between the transponders 2 and 2' and the reader 3. For example, identification data of the transponders 2 and 2 'are transmitted. This makes it possible to identify the individual transponders 2 and 2 'as well as the reference transponders 12.
  • the position determination can thus be carried out individually for each transponder 2, 2 'or 12 by means of the evaluation device 7.
  • the phase difference values are detected reliably and with low noise by digital signal processing.
  • the output signal of each phase detector shown in Figure 3 is first digitized by means of the digital modules 10, with a sampling frequency which is greater than the pulse frequency of the localization signal.
  • This approach has the advantage that a remaining weak residual signal of the interrogation signal of the transmitting device 3, which is also emitted while the switching element 8 is emitted via the antenna 4, can be analyzed and eliminated in the phase difference formation and the position determination in this way not by the residual signal impaired or distorted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détermination de la position et/ou de l'orientation dans l'espace d'un objet (1) marqué au moyen d'au moins un transpondeur (2, 2') qui reçoit un signal d'interrogation envoyé par un dispositif émetteur (3) et est ainsi excité pour émettre un signal de localisation, le signal de localisation étant reçu au moyen d'au moins un dispositif récepteur (5) et analysé au moyen d'un dispositif d'évaluation (7) afin de déterminer la position. L'invention vise à mettre au point un procédé de détermination de position amélioré en termes de praticabilité et surtout en termes de précision. A cet effet, le dispositif émetteur (3) envoie le signal d'interrogation par intermittence, le dispositif récepteur (5) recevant au moins le signal de localisation envoyé par le transpondeur (2, 2') pendant les pauses d'émission du dispositif émetteur (3) et le dispositif d'évaluation (7) déterminant la position à partir de ce signal. L'invention concerne en outre un système permettant la mise en œuvre du procédé.
EP11760394.4A 2010-08-23 2011-08-22 Détermination de position au moyen d'étiquettes rfid Withdrawn EP2609446A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010035155A DE102010035155A1 (de) 2010-08-23 2010-08-23 Positionsbestimmung mittels RFID-Tags
PCT/EP2011/004213 WO2012031685A1 (fr) 2010-08-23 2011-08-22 Détermination de position au moyen d'étiquettes rfid

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2609446A1 true EP2609446A1 (fr) 2013-07-03

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EP11760394.4A Withdrawn EP2609446A1 (fr) 2010-08-23 2011-08-22 Détermination de position au moyen d'étiquettes rfid

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20130257595A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2609446A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013540261A (fr)
CN (1) CN103201646A (fr)
DE (1) DE102010035155A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012031685A1 (fr)

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US20130257595A1 (en) 2013-10-03
JP2013540261A (ja) 2013-10-31
CN103201646A (zh) 2013-07-10
DE102010035155A1 (de) 2012-02-23

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