EP2601660A1 - High-temperature superconductor (hts) coil - Google Patents

High-temperature superconductor (hts) coil

Info

Publication number
EP2601660A1
EP2601660A1 EP11725000.1A EP11725000A EP2601660A1 EP 2601660 A1 EP2601660 A1 EP 2601660A1 EP 11725000 A EP11725000 A EP 11725000A EP 2601660 A1 EP2601660 A1 EP 2601660A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
hts
temperature superconductor
winding
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11725000.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang Nick
Marijn Pieter Oomen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2601660A1 publication Critical patent/EP2601660A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H01F41/048—Superconductive coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/02—Windings characterised by the conductor material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K55/00—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
    • H02K55/02—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type
    • H02K55/04—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type with rotating field windings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Definitions

  • High-temperature superconductors (HTS) coil The invention relates to a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) - coil particular for a pole of a rotor of an electrical ⁇ 's machine, for example an electric motor or genera ⁇ tors.
  • High temperature superconductor (HTS) coils can be used for pole windings of machine rotors while being cooled from a room temperature to an operating temperature. At the operating temperature, a superconducting material contained in the coil winding in the HTS conductor develops its superconducting properties.
  • the rotor is mounted on a shaft. The cooling of the high-temperature superconductor coil takes place, for example, by a hollow shaft.
  • the rotor of the rotating machine has a plurality of poles whose Wick ⁇ ments are cooled via the hollow shaft, so that the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coils are cooled to the appropriate operating temperature.
  • Second generation HTS (2G-HTS) ribbon conductors have been produced in coating processes according to a "coated conductor" architecture.
  • a thin film of HTS-ceramic material such as YBaCuO is applied to a Flexib ⁇ len windable substrate material, for example a band of a low-temperature-proof and highly stretchable Iron alloy (steel, eg Hastelloy) or a nickel-tungsten alloy. Possibly.
  • the manufacturing process for the 2G HTS tape contains one or more interlayers prior to application of the superconductor film.
  • the conductor can be provided with copper on one or both sides.
  • Improvements compared to 1G HTS conductors are of 2G HTS conductors expected, especially higher current density, besse- re mechanical properties, freer choice of conductor material ⁇ lien and geometry.
  • the HTS tape conductor (IG or 2G) is usually surrounded with electrical insulation, and the whole is embedded in a resin (impregnation) for mechanical fixation. Since the purpose of the HTS coils is to generate a magnetic field, Lorenz forces then act on the individual HTS band conductors.
  • HTS high-temperature superconductor
  • HTS high-temperature superconductor
  • This thermal shrinkage is significantly greater than the free, unobstructed shrinkage of the HTS conductor, because the used in the coil manufacturing impregnating resin (usually epoxy resin) has a much higher shrinkage value, for example, 1.4% from 300K to 30K, as the HTS conductor, the Substrate, HTS layer and copper, and a
  • Shrink value of about 0.3% from 300K to 30K has. This thermal shrinkage of the coil winding leads to a compression of the superconducting material contained in the coil winding in the conductor longitudinal direction (circumferential direction). If coils of 2G-HTS material are produced by conventional methods, the longitudinal compression takes place once
  • the invention provides a high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil having:
  • At least one coil winding of HTS ribbon conductor comprising a superconducting material
  • High temperature superconductor (HTS) coil from room temperature to the operating temperature of the HTS coil counteract the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding so as to avoid or reduce the longitudinal compression (circumferential direction) of the superconducting material contained in the coil winding.
  • HTS High temperature superconductor
  • HTS coil consists of Spulenträ- ger of a material whose thermal shrinkage is small upon cooling to the operating temperature of high-temperature superconductivity ⁇ conductor (HTS) coil as a thermal shrinkage of the coil winding without coil carrier. Examples are still presented.
  • the coil winding is wound with a high winding tension.
  • the coil carrier consists of a material which has a modulus of elasticity (E) of
  • the strip conductor for the coil winding has a superconducting HTS ceramic layer.
  • Conductor film which is applied to a substrate material whose thermal shrinkage is less than the thermal shrinkage of the HTS ceramic conductor film when cooled to the operating temperature of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil.
  • HTS high-temperature superconductor
  • the strip conductors on an electrically insulating insulation jacket which is embedded in an impregnating material wherein the thermi ⁇ specific shrink of the insulating jacket or the Imoniagniermate ⁇ rials upon cooling to the operating temperature of the high-temperature superconductors (HTS) coil are particularly small, in ⁇ play, less than the shrinkage of epoxy of about 1.4%.
  • the impregnating material also has grains of a metal oxide in order to counteract the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding 2. This metal oxide is, for example, aluminum oxide.
  • the coil carrier and the coil winding are adapted in a ring shape to a shape of a pole core. More specifically, this is shown below.
  • the high-tempera ture ⁇ superconductor (HTS) coil at an operating temperature of less than 80 Kelvin operated.
  • the invention further provides a rotor of an electric machine having at least one pole, to each of which at least one high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil is mounted, wherein the high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil comprises: at least one coil winding of HTS band conductor, which has a superconducting material;
  • both the coil winding or the coil carrier or advantageously both are designed such that upon cooling the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil from a room temperature to the operating temperature of the (HTS) coil counteract the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding, so as to longitudinal compression (Circumferential direction) of the superconducting material contained in the coil winding to avoid or reduce.
  • HTS high-temperature superconductor
  • the pole cores counteract each a thermal shrinkage of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil attached thereto.
  • HTS high-temperature superconductor
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a possible embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing ei ⁇ ner another embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor according to the invention (HTS) coil having an enlarged coil support cross-section;
  • HTS high-temperature superconductor according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a detailed perspective view of a mögli ⁇ Chen embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to the invention.
  • a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 has at least one coil winding 2, which is attached to a coil carrier 3.
  • the coil winding 2 has a superconducting material.
  • the coil winding 2 consists of turns of an HTS tape conductor (1G-HTS or 2G-HTS), which in turn comprises a superconducting HTS ceramic conductor film deposited on a windable substrate material, as well as further layers and insulation / impregnation outside around.
  • the superconducting HTS ceramic conductor film may be, for example, a conductor film of YBaCuO.
  • the illustrated in Fig. 1 high-temperature supra-conductor ⁇ (HTS) coil 1 is cooled (HTS) coil 1 for the operation of a room tempera ture ⁇ on the operating temperature of high-temperature superconductors.
  • the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 is operated at an operating temperature of less than 80 Kelvin. Upon cooling of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 from the room temperature to the operating temperature, there is a thermal shrinkage of the coil winding 2.
  • the coil winding 2 or the Spool carrier 3 or both designed such that they counteract the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding upon cooling of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 from the room temperature to the operating temperature of the HTS coil 1, so as to the longitudinal compression (circumferential direction) of the To avoid or reduce contained in the coil winding 2 superconducting material.
  • both the coil winding 2 and the coil carrier 3 are designed such that they counteract the mechanical shrinkage of the coil winding 2.
  • only the coil carrier 3 is designed such that it counteracts the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding 2.
  • the coil winding 2 is formed only in such a way that it counteracts the own thermal shrinkage, or the caused thereby L Lucasskontrak ⁇ tion (circumferential direction) of the superconductor material avoids or reduces.
  • the coil carrier 3 consists of a material whose thermal shrinkage during cooling to the operating temperature of the HTS coil 1 is less than the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding 2 without coil carrier.
  • the bobbin 3 is thus preferably made of a material with the lowest possible thermal shrinkage.
  • the coil support 3 can be provided with a heat-conductive jacket, for example with a jacket made of copper sheet. This jacket is preferably made of a material with high thermal conductivity.
  • the bobbin 3 may have a composite or sandwich construction, which is surrounded by a jacket made of a material with high thermal conductivity.
  • the bobbin 3 is in a possible embodiment of a circumferentially reinforced with glass fiber plastic material (GRP).
  • GFP glass fiber plastic material
  • the bobbin 3 may also be made of steel, in particular 4340 steel. On cooling from a room temperature of about 300 Kelvin to an operating temperature of up to 30 Kelvin, this steel only has a thermal shrinkage of 0.21%.
  • the coil carrier 3 preferably consists of a material with a low elasticity, that is to say of a material which has a high modulus of elasticity E. In one possible embodiment, the coil carrier 3 consists of a material whose modulus of elasticity E is greater than
  • the coil carrier 3 has a material cross-section which is greater than a minimum material cross-section required for the winding process to achieve a predetermined mechanical stability.
  • 2 shows, by way of example, an embodiment of the HTS coil 1 according to the invention, in which the coil carrier 3 has an enlarged material cross-section compared with FIG. 1 and is therefore more stable and allows the use of an elevated winding tension.
  • the HTS coil 1, as shown in Fig. 1 or 2 is, for example, brought on a pole core of a machine rotor ⁇ .
  • the coil carrier 3 and the coil winding 2 are adapted to the shape of the pole core, ie they are as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, for example, raceway-ring-shaped.
  • the pole core of the machine rotor is completely filled by the pole core of the machine rotor.
  • the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coils 1 are mounted directly on the respective pole cores, so that the iron or steel of the pole core can counteract the longitudinal compression of the HTS ceramic.
  • the coils are formed on carriers which are only just stiff enough for the winding process.
  • the coil winding 2 and the corresponding coil carrier 3 are then shrunk on a prefabricated pole core of the rotor or mounted with exact fit on it. Mechanical forces which occur during cooling during operation of the high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 are then held by the pole core.
  • the pole core has a smaller thermal shrinkage and thus prevents longitudinal compression (circumferential direction) of the HTS ceramic contained in the coil winding 2.
  • Good coupling of both the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 and the associated pole core to a cooling system prevents the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 from cooling faster than the associated pole core.
  • the bobbin 3 is a solid bobbin and thus has a very large cross-section and thus high mechanical stability for receiving Windungs wholly.
  • the coil winding 2 is made of 2G-HTS strip conductors with a higher winding tension, as is usual with 1G-HTS strip conductors for de ⁇ ren partially low mechanical strength , Since the 2G HTS strip conductors are available in different widths, often the winding tension per line width is specified.
  • the entire winding tension F w results here as a winding tension / width x width of the HTS-band conductor.
  • the HTS coil 1 has a correspondingly high pretensioning force.
  • the biasing force results from the Pro ⁇ domestic product of the winding train, for example, 30 N per wire, and the Number of turns n of the coil winding.
  • the total preload force F v is as follows:
  • n is the number of turns of the coil winding 2 and F w winding tension per conductor.
  • the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 preferably has a coil winding made of 2G HTS tape conductors in which a superconducting HTS ceramic conductor film is applied to a substrate material.
  • Such Spulenwick ⁇ lungs with 2G HTS (“coated conductors") allow today a significantly higher winding tension F w per conductor width of up to ei ⁇ nigen 100 N / cm conductor width.
  • the winding tension F w per conductor width is more than 50 N / cm up to 100 N / cm or more.
  • the inventively designed bobbin 3 holds without undue deformation a significantly higher winding train rw.
  • the coil winding 2 is wound at increased winding tension F w such that the winding tension of the coil winding is continuously reduced from the inside to the outside during the winding of the coil winding.
  • Fig. 3 shows a detailed view of a further execution ⁇ example of the high-temperature superconductor according to the invention (HTS) coil 1.
  • the coil 2 comprises a plurality of wound coil turns which are indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 3.
  • the wound coil windings made of HTS ribbon conductors are adapted to a correspondingly shaped coil carrier 3. Also in this configuration, the represent advantageous aspects of the HTS coil 1 according to the invention.
  • the coil carrier 3 shown in FIG. 3 preferably consists of a material whose thermal shrinkage on cooling to the operating temperature is lower than the thermal shrinkage of the material used in the coil winding 2.
  • the bobbin 3 consists for example of a glass fiber reinforced plastic material or steel, in particular 4340 steel. The coil turns of the coil winding
  • tur high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 may be a so-called web-spool HTS racing, which is attached to a pole core of a rotor of a ro ⁇ animal machine.
  • the high-temperature superconductor according to the invention (HTS) coil 1 is preferably designed for a certain rich ⁇ The operating temperature, in particular for operations in 80K and about 30K.
  • the embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 according to the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1-3.
  • a plurality of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coils 1 may be mounted on a coil carrier
  • the coil winding 2 can be provided between two coil carriers 3 in a sandwich structure.
  • the total cross section of the bobbin is increased.
  • a plurality of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils 1 are mounted on a common seed ⁇ pole core of a rotor.
  • the inventive high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil 1 is not to be ⁇ limits in FIGS. illustrated 1-3 ring shape but can then take other forms in accordance with the design of the machine rotor, such as an oval shape or a rectangle with rounded corners.
  • the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 according to the invention does not have to be flat, but instead can be formed, for example, fitted to a cylinder surface.
  • the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding 2 is detected by sensors and reported to a control device. Exceeds the thermal shrinkage, for example, a predetermined threshold, this can trigger a message to report the risk of Moegli ⁇ chen compression of the superconducting material contained in the coil winding 2 and the associated impair ⁇ supply of the superconducting property.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Superconductive Dynamoelectric Machines (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil (1) with at least one coil winding (2), which has a superconducting material; and with a coil former (3) for the coil winding (2), wherein the coil winding (2) or the coil former (3) are designed in such a way that, when the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil (1) cools down from a room temperature to the operating temperature of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil (1), said coil winding or said coil former counteracts the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding (2) so as to avoid or reduce the longitudinal compression (circumferential direction) of the superconducting material contained in the coil winding (2).

Description

Beschreibung description
Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS)- Spule insbesondere für einen Pol eines Rotors einer elektri¬ schen Maschine, z.B. eines elektrischen Motors oder Genera¬ tors . Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spulen kann man für Polwicklungen von Maschinenrotoren einsetzen, wobei sie von einer Raumtemperatur auf eine Betriebstemperatur abgekühlt werden. Bei der Betriebstemperatur entfaltet ein im HTS-Leiter in der Spulenwicklung enthaltenes supraleitendes Material seine sup- raleitenden Eigenschaften. Der Rotor ist dabei auf einer Welle montiert. Die Kühlung der Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter-Spule erfolgt dabei beispielsweise durch eine Hohlwelle. Der Rotor der rotierenden Maschine weist mehrere Pole auf, deren Wick¬ lungen über die Hohlwelle gekühlt werden, so dass die Hoch- temperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spulen auf die entsprechende Betriebstemperatur abgekühlt werden. High-temperature superconductors (HTS) coil The invention relates to a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) - coil particular for a pole of a rotor of an electrical ¬'s machine, for example an electric motor or genera ¬ tors. High temperature superconductor (HTS) coils can be used for pole windings of machine rotors while being cooled from a room temperature to an operating temperature. At the operating temperature, a superconducting material contained in the coil winding in the HTS conductor develops its superconducting properties. The rotor is mounted on a shaft. The cooling of the high-temperature superconductor coil takes place, for example, by a hollow shaft. The rotor of the rotating machine has a plurality of poles whose Wick ¬ ments are cooled via the hollow shaft, so that the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coils are cooled to the appropriate operating temperature.
Herkömmlicherweise werden heute meist Hochtemperatur-Supra¬ leiter der „ersten Generation" (1G-HTS) eingesetzt. Diese Bandleiter sind meist einige mm breit und nur ein Bruchteil eines mm dick. Sie enthalten bei 1G-HTS Filamente einer gra¬ nulären HTS-Keramik (z.B. BiSrCaCuO) , eingebettet in einer Silber-Matrix, wobei die Herstellung mit der sogenannten Pul- ver-in-Rohr Methode erfolgt. Mit solchen Leitern sind keine speziellen Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Kompression notwendig . Traditionally, now mostly high-temperature superconductivity ¬ head of the "first generation" (1G HTS) are used. This band conductors are usually a few mm wide and only a fraction of a mm thick. They contain at 1G HTS filaments of a gra ¬ nulären HTS ceramic (eg BiSrCaCuO), embedded in a silver matrix, which is manufactured using the so-called powder-in-tube method, which does not require special measures to prevent compression.
Neuerdings gibt es HTS-Bandleiter der „zweiten Generation" (2G-HTS) . Diese werden in Beschichtungsverfahren hergestellt gemäß einer „coated conductor" Architektur. Ein dünner Film des HTS-Keramik-Material , z.B. YBaCuO, wird auf einem flexib¬ len wickelbaren Substratmaterial aufgebracht, beispielsweise ein Band einer tieftemperatur-tauglichen und hoch dehnbaren Eisenlegierung (Stahl, z.B. Hastelloy) oder auch einer Nickel-Wolfram-Legierung. Evtl. Enthält der Fertigungsprozess für das 2G-HTS-Band vor dem Aufbringen des Supraleiter-Films noch eine oder mehrere Zwischenschichten. Zur Stabilisierung gegen Überströme kann der Leiter auf einer oder auf beiden Seiten mit Kupfer versehen werden. Recently, "second generation" HTS (2G-HTS) ribbon conductors have been produced in coating processes according to a "coated conductor" architecture. A thin film of HTS-ceramic material, such as YBaCuO is applied to a Flexib ¬ len windable substrate material, for example a band of a low-temperature-proof and highly stretchable Iron alloy (steel, eg Hastelloy) or a nickel-tungsten alloy. Possibly. If the manufacturing process for the 2G HTS tape contains one or more interlayers prior to application of the superconductor film. To stabilize against overcurrents, the conductor can be provided with copper on one or both sides.
Von 2G-HTS-Leitern werden Verbesserungen im Vergleich zu 1G- HTS-Leitern erwartet, insbesondere höhere Stromdichte, besse- re mechanische Eigenschaften, freiere Wahl von Leitermateria¬ lien und Geometrie. Improvements compared to 1G HTS conductors are of 2G HTS conductors expected, especially higher current density, besse- re mechanical properties, freer choice of conductor material ¬ lien and geometry.
In der Anwendung für Spulen wird der HTS-Bandleiter (IG oder 2G) üblicherweise mit einer elektrischen Isolierung umgeben, und das Ganze zur mechanischen Fixierung in ein Harz (Imprägnierung) eingebettet. Da der Zweck der HTS-Spulen in der Erzeugung eines Magnetfelds liegt, wirken dann Lorenzkräfte auf die einzelnen HTS-Bandleiter. Beim Abkühlen der Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule von der Raumtemperatur auf die Betriebstemperatur der Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule kommt es zu einem thermischen Schrumpfen der Spulenwicklung, in radialer Richtung aber auch in Umfangsrichtung . Dieses thermische Schrumpfen ist deutlich größer als der freie, unbehinderte Schrumpf des HTS-Leiters, denn das bei der Spulenherstellung benutzte Imprägnierharz (meist Epoxydharz) hat einen deutlich höheren Schrumpfwert , beispielsweise 1.4% von 300K auf 30K, als der HTS-Leiter, der aus Substrat, HTS-Schicht und Kupfer besteht, und einen In the coil application, the HTS tape conductor (IG or 2G) is usually surrounded with electrical insulation, and the whole is embedded in a resin (impregnation) for mechanical fixation. Since the purpose of the HTS coils is to generate a magnetic field, Lorenz forces then act on the individual HTS band conductors. Upon cooling of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil from the room temperature to the operating temperature of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil, there is a thermal shrinkage of the coil winding, in the radial direction but also in the circumferential direction. This thermal shrinkage is significantly greater than the free, unobstructed shrinkage of the HTS conductor, because the used in the coil manufacturing impregnating resin (usually epoxy resin) has a much higher shrinkage value, for example, 1.4% from 300K to 30K, as the HTS conductor, the Substrate, HTS layer and copper, and a
Schrumpfwert von etwa 0.3% von 300K bis 30K aufweist. Dieses thermische Schrumpfen der Spulenwicklung führt zu einer Kompression des in der Spulenwicklung enthaltenen supraleitenden Materials in Leiterlängsrichtung (Umfangsrichtung) . Werden aus 2G-HTS-Material Spulen mit herkömmlichen Methoden herge- stellt, kommt es sobald die Längskompression ein bestimmtesShrink value of about 0.3% from 300K to 30K has. This thermal shrinkage of the coil winding leads to a compression of the superconducting material contained in the coil winding in the conductor longitudinal direction (circumferential direction). If coils of 2G-HTS material are produced by conventional methods, the longitudinal compression takes place once
Ausmaß überschreitet, zu einer irreversiblen Degradierung der supraleitenden Eigenschaften des in der Spulenwicklung enthaltenen supraleitenden Materials. Der dünne Keramikfilm in 2G-HTS-Leitern ist anfälliger für solche Kompression als die aus vielen einzelnen Körnern bestehende Filamente in 1G-HTS- Leitern . Es ist daher eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule zu schaffen, bei welcher die Degradierung supraleitender Eigenschaften aufgrund von thermischem Schrumpfen weitestgehend vermieden wird. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Hochtemperatur- Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule mit den in Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Extent to an irreversible degradation of the superconducting properties of the superconducting material contained in the coil winding. The thin ceramic film in 2G HTS ladders are more prone to such compression than the many single-grain filaments in 1G HTS ladders. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil in which the degradation of superconducting properties due to thermal shrinkage is largely avoided. This object is achieved by a high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil having the features specified in claim 1.
Die Erfindung schafft eine Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS)- Spule mit: The invention provides a high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil having:
mindestens einer Spulenwicklung aus HTS-Bandleiter, welche ein supraleitendes Material aufweist; und mit at least one coil winding of HTS ribbon conductor comprising a superconducting material; and with
einem Spulenträger für die Spulenwicklung; a bobbin for the coil winding;
wobei die Spulenwicklung oder der Spulenträger oder beide the coil winding or the coil carrier or both
derart ausgebildet sind, dass sie bei einem Abkühlen der are formed so that they cool when the
Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule von Raumtemperatur auf die Betriebstemperatur der HTS-Spule dem thermischen Schrumpfen der Spulenwicklung entgegenwirken, um so die Längskompression (Umfangsrichtung) des in der Spulenwicklung enthaltenen supraleitenden Materials zu vermeiden oder zu reduzieren. High temperature superconductor (HTS) coil from room temperature to the operating temperature of the HTS coil counteract the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding so as to avoid or reduce the longitudinal compression (circumferential direction) of the superconducting material contained in the coil winding.
Bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule besteht der Spulenträ- ger aus einem Material, dessen thermischer Schrumpf beim Abkühlen auf die Betriebstemperatur der Hochtemperatur-Supra¬ leiter (HTS) -Spule geringer ist als ein thermischer Schrumpf der Spulenwicklung ohne Spulenträger. Beispiele werden noch dargestellt . In one possible embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor according to the invention (HTS) coil consists of Spulenträ- ger of a material whose thermal shrinkage is small upon cooling to the operating temperature of high-temperature superconductivity ¬ conductor (HTS) coil as a thermal shrinkage of the coil winding without coil carrier. Examples are still presented.
Bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule ist die Spulenwicklung mit einem hohen Wickelzug gewickelt. Bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule besteht der Spulenträger aus einem Material, welches ein Elastizitätsmodul (E) von In one possible embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to the invention, the coil winding is wound with a high winding tension. In one possible embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to the invention, the coil carrier consists of a material which has a modulus of elasticity (E) of
N  N
mehr als 150.000 M —- aufweist oder der Spulenträger ist be- m more than 150,000 M - or the bobbin is m
sonders stabil konstruiert, z.B. massiv. especially stably constructed, e.g. solid.
Bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule weist der Bandleiter für die Spulenwicklung einen supraleitenden HTS-Keramik-In one possible embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to the invention, the strip conductor for the coil winding has a superconducting HTS ceramic layer.
Leiterfilm auf, der auf einem Substratmaterial aufgebracht ist, dessen thermischer Schrumpf bei Abkühlen auf die Betriebstemperatur der Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule geringer ist, als der thermische Schrumpf des HTS-Keramik- Leiterfilms. Conductor film, which is applied to a substrate material whose thermal shrinkage is less than the thermal shrinkage of the HTS ceramic conductor film when cooled to the operating temperature of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil.
Bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule weist der Bandleiter einen elektrisch isolierenden Isolationsmantel auf, der in einem Imprägniermaterial eingebettet ist, wobei der thermi¬ sche Schrumpf des Isolationsmantels oder des Imprägniermate¬ rials beim Abkühlen auf die Betriebstemperatur der Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule besonders klein sind, bei¬ spielsweise kleiner als der Schrumpf von Epoxy von etwa 1,4%. Bei einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 weist das Imprägniermaterial zudem Körner aus einem Metalloxid auf, um dem thermischen Schrumpfen der Spulenwicklung 2 entgegenzuwirken. Bei diesem Metalloxid handelt es sich beispielsweise um Aluminiumoxid. In one possible embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor according to the invention (HTS) coil, the strip conductors on an electrically insulating insulation jacket which is embedded in an impregnating material, wherein the thermi ¬ specific shrink of the insulating jacket or the Imprägniermate ¬ rials upon cooling to the operating temperature of the high-temperature superconductors (HTS) coil are particularly small, in ¬ play, less than the shrinkage of epoxy of about 1.4%. In a further possible embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 according to the invention, the impregnating material also has grains of a metal oxide in order to counteract the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding 2. This metal oxide is, for example, aluminum oxide.
Bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule sind der Spulenträger und die Spulenwicklung an eine Form eines Polkerns angepasst ringförmig ausgebildet. Genauer wird dies weiter unten dargestellt . Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule wird die Hochtempera¬ tur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule bei einer Betriebstemperatur von unter 80 Kelvin betrieben. In one possible embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to the invention, the coil carrier and the coil winding are adapted in a ring shape to a shape of a pole core. More specifically, this is shown below. In a preferred embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor according to the invention (HTS) coil, the high-tempera ture ¬ superconductor (HTS) coil at an operating temperature of less than 80 Kelvin operated.
Die Erfindung schafft ferner einen Rotor einer elektrischen Maschine mit mindestens einem Pol, an den jeweils mindestens eine Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule angebracht ist, wobei die Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule aufweist: mindestens eine Spulenwicklung aus HTS-Bandleiter, welche ein supraleitendes Material aufweist; The invention further provides a rotor of an electric machine having at least one pole, to each of which at least one high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil is mounted, wherein the high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil comprises: at least one coil winding of HTS band conductor, which has a superconducting material;
einen Spulenträger für die Spulenwicklung; a bobbin for the coil winding;
wobei die Spulenwicklung oder der Spulenträger oder vorteilhaft beide derart ausgebildet sind, dass sie bei einem Abkühlen der Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule von einer Raumtemperatur auf die Betriebstemperatur der (HTS) -Spule dem thermischen Schrumpfen der Spulenwicklung entgegenwirken, um so die Längskompression (Um- fangsrichtung) des in der Spulenwicklung enthaltenen supraleitenden Materials zu vermeiden oder zu reduzieren . Advantageously, both the coil winding or the coil carrier or advantageously both are designed such that upon cooling the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil from a room temperature to the operating temperature of the (HTS) coil counteract the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding, so as to longitudinal compression (Circumferential direction) of the superconducting material contained in the coil winding to avoid or reduce.
Bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Ma schinenrotors wirken die Polkerne jeweils einem thermischen Schrumpfen der daran angebrachten Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule entgegen. In one possible embodiment of the machine rotor according to the invention, the pole cores counteract each a thermal shrinkage of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil attached thereto.
Im Weiteren werden mögliche Ausführungsformen der erfindungs gemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Figuren beschrieben. Es zeigen: Hereinafter, possible embodiments of fiction, contemporary high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil will be described with reference to the accompanying figures. Show it:
Fig. 1 die perspektivische Ansicht zur Darstellung einer möglichen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule; Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a possible embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to the invention;
Fig. 2 eine perspektivische Ansicht zur Darstellung ei¬ ner weiteren Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule mit einem vergrößerten Spulenträgerquerschnitt ; Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing ei ¬ ner another embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor according to the invention (HTS) coil having an enlarged coil support cross-section;
Fig. 3 eine perspektivische Detailansicht einer mögli¬ chen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule. Fig. 3 is a detailed perspective view of a mögli ¬ Chen embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to the invention.
Wie man aus Fig. 1 erkennen kann, weist eine Hochtemperatur- Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 mindestens eine Spulenwicklung 2 auf, die an einem Spulenträger 3 angebracht ist. Die Spulenwicklung 2 weist ein supraleitendes Material auf. Bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform besteht die Spulenwicklung 2 aus Windungen eines HTS-Bandleiters (1G-HTS oder 2G-HTS) , der seinerseits einen supraleitenden HTS-Keramik-Leiterfilm aufweist, der auf einem wickelbaren Substratmaterial aufgebracht ist, sowie weitere Schichten und Isolation / Imprägnierung außen herum. Bei dem supraleitenden HTS-Keramik-Leiterfilm kann es sich beispielsweise um einen Leiterfilm aus YBaCuO handeln. Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Hochtemperatur-Supra¬ leiter (HTS) -Spule 1 wird zum Betrieb von einer Raumtempera¬ tur auf die Betriebstemperatur der Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 abgekühlt. As can be seen from FIG. 1, a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 has at least one coil winding 2, which is attached to a coil carrier 3. The coil winding 2 has a superconducting material. In one possible embodiment, the coil winding 2 consists of turns of an HTS tape conductor (1G-HTS or 2G-HTS), which in turn comprises a superconducting HTS ceramic conductor film deposited on a windable substrate material, as well as further layers and insulation / impregnation outside around. The superconducting HTS ceramic conductor film may be, for example, a conductor film of YBaCuO. The illustrated in Fig. 1 high-temperature supra-conductor ¬ (HTS) coil 1 is cooled (HTS) coil 1 for the operation of a room tempera ture ¬ on the operating temperature of high-temperature superconductors.
Bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform wird die Hochtemperatur- Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 bei einer Betriebstemperatur von unter 80 Kelvin betrieben. Beim Abkühlen der Hochtemperatur- Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 von der Raumtemperatur zu der Betriebstemperatur kommt es zu einem thermischen Schrumpfen der Spulenwicklung 2. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur- Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 sind die Spulenwicklung 2 oder der Spulenträger 3 oder beide derart ausgebildet, dass sie bei einem Abkühlen der Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 von der Raumtemperatur auf die Betriebstemperatur der HTS- Spule 1 dem thermischen Schrumpfen der Spulenwicklung entge- genwirken, um so die Längskompression (Umfangsrichtung) des in der Spulenwicklung 2 enthaltenen supraleitenden Materials zu vermeiden oder zu reduzieren. In one possible embodiment, the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 is operated at an operating temperature of less than 80 Kelvin. Upon cooling of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 from the room temperature to the operating temperature, there is a thermal shrinkage of the coil winding 2. In the inventive high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1, the coil winding 2 or the Spool carrier 3 or both designed such that they counteract the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding upon cooling of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 from the room temperature to the operating temperature of the HTS coil 1, so as to the longitudinal compression (circumferential direction) of the To avoid or reduce contained in the coil winding 2 superconducting material.
Bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform sind sowohl die Spulen- wicklung 2 als auch der Spulenträger 3 derart ausgebildet, dass sie dem mechanischen Schrumpfen der Spulenwicklung 2 entgegenwirken. Bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform ist nur der Spulenträger 3 derart ausgebildet, dass er dem thermischen Schrumpfen der Spulenwicklung 2 entgegenwirkt. Bei einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform der Hochtemperatur- Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 ist lediglich die Spulenwicklung 2 derart ausgebildet, dass sie dem eigenen thermischen Schrumpfen entgegenwirkt bzw. die dadurch verursachte Längskontrak¬ tion (Umfangsrichtung) des Supraleitermaterials vermeidet oder reduziert. In one possible embodiment, both the coil winding 2 and the coil carrier 3 are designed such that they counteract the mechanical shrinkage of the coil winding 2. In one possible embodiment, only the coil carrier 3 is designed such that it counteracts the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding 2. In a further possible embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1, the coil winding 2 is formed only in such a way that it counteracts the own thermal shrinkage, or the caused thereby Längskontrak ¬ tion (circumferential direction) of the superconductor material avoids or reduces.
Bei einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 besteht der Spulenträger 3 aus einem Material, dessen thermischer Schrumpf bei dem Abkühlen auf die Betriebstemperatur der HTS-Spule 1 geringer ist als der thermische Schrumpf der Spulenwicklung 2 ohne Spulenträger. Der Spulenträger 3 besteht somit vorzugsweise aus einem Material mit einem möglichst geringen thermischen Schrumpf. Um eine benötigte Wärmeabfuhr von den inneren Windungen bzw. Wicklungen der HTS-Spule 1 zu gewährleisten, kann der Spulenträger 3 bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform mit einem wärme- leitfähigen Mantel versehen werden, beispielsweise mit einem Mantel aus Kupferblech. Dieser Mantel besteht vorzugsweise aus einem Material mit hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit. Weiterhin kann der Spulenträger 3 eine Komposit- oder Sandwichkonstruktion aufweisen, die mit einem Mantel aus einem Material mit hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit umgeben ist. Der Spulenträger 3 besteht bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform aus einem in Umfangsrichtung mit Glasfaser verstärkten Kunststoffmaterial (GFK) . Alternativ kann der Spulenträger 3 auch aus Stahl bestehen, insbesondere aus Stahl-4340. Dieser Stahl weist beim Abkühlen von einer Raumtemperatur von etwa 300 Kelvin auf eine Betriebstemperatur von bis zu 30 Kelvin lediglich ein thermisches Schrumpfen von 0,21 % auf. Weiterhin besteht der Spulenträger 3 vorzugsweise aus einem Material mit einer geringen Elastizität, das heißt aus einem Mate- rial, welches ein hohes Elastizitätsmodul E besitzt. Bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform besteht der Spulenträger 3 aus einem Material, dessen Elastizitätsmodul E größer als In one embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 according to the invention, the coil carrier 3 consists of a material whose thermal shrinkage during cooling to the operating temperature of the HTS coil 1 is less than the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding 2 without coil carrier. The bobbin 3 is thus preferably made of a material with the lowest possible thermal shrinkage. In order to ensure a required heat dissipation from the inner windings or windings of the HTS coil 1, in one possible embodiment, the coil support 3 can be provided with a heat-conductive jacket, for example with a jacket made of copper sheet. This jacket is preferably made of a material with high thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the bobbin 3 may have a composite or sandwich construction, which is surrounded by a jacket made of a material with high thermal conductivity. The bobbin 3 is in a possible embodiment of a circumferentially reinforced with glass fiber plastic material (GRP). Alternatively, the bobbin 3 may also be made of steel, in particular 4340 steel. On cooling from a room temperature of about 300 Kelvin to an operating temperature of up to 30 Kelvin, this steel only has a thermal shrinkage of 0.21%. Furthermore, the coil carrier 3 preferably consists of a material with a low elasticity, that is to say of a material which has a high modulus of elasticity E. In one possible embodiment, the coil carrier 3 consists of a material whose modulus of elasticity E is greater than
N  N
150.000 M — ist.  150,000 M - is.
m Weiterhin weist der Spulenträger 3 bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform einen Materialquerschnitt auf, der größer ist als ein minimaler für den Wickelprozess zur Erreichung einer vorgegebenen mechanischen Stabilität benötigter Materialquerschnitt. Fig. 2 zeigt beispielhaft eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen HTS-Spule 1, bei welcher der Spulenträger 3 einen im Vergleich zu Fig. 1 vergrößerten Materialquerschnitt aufweist und dadurch stabiler ist und die Verwendung eines erhöhten Wickelzugs erlaubt. Die HTS-Spule 1, wie sie in Fig. 1 oder 2 dargestellt ist, wird zum Beispiel auf einem Polkern eines Maschinenrotors an¬ gebracht. Der Spulenträger 3 und die Spulenwicklung 2 sind dabei an die Form des Polkerns angepasst, d. h. sie sind wie in den Fig. 1, 2 dargestellt, beispielsweise rennbahn-ring- förmig ausgebildet. Die in Fig. 1, 2 dargestellte Öffnung 4 wird von dem Polkern des Maschinenrotors komplett ausgefüllt. Schrumpft das Polkerneisen bei Abkühlen von der Raumtempera¬ tur auf die Betriebstemperatur der HTS-Spule 1 weniger als eine freiliegende Spulenwicklung schrumpfen würde, so be- stimmt das Polkerneisen den thermischen Schrumpf der Spulenwicklung und somit die Längskompression der darin enthaltenen HTS-Keramik. Bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform werden daher die Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spulen 1 direkt auf die jeweiligen Polkerneisen montiert, so dass das Eisen bzw. der Stahl des Polkerns der Längskompression der HTS-Keramik entgegenwirken kann. Bei dieser Ausführungsform werden die Spu- len auf Trägern gebildet, die nur gerade steif genug sind für den Wickelprozess . Die Spulenwicklung 2 und der entsprechende Spulenträger 3 werden dann auf einem vorgefertigten Polkern des Rotors aufgeschrumpft oder mit genauer Passung darauf montiert. Mechanische Kräfte, die bei Abkühlen im Betrieb der Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 auftreten, werden dann von dem Polkerneisen gehalten. Das Polkerneisen besitzt einen geringeren thermischen Schrumpf und verhindert auf diese Weise eine Längskompression (Umfangsrichtung) der in der Spulenwicklung 2 enthaltenen HTS-Keramik. Durch eine gute An- kopplung sowohl der Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 als auch des zugehörigen Polkerns an ein Kühlsystem wird dabei verhindert, dass die Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS)- Spule 1 schneller abkühlt als der zugehörige Polkern. Bei einer möglichen (nicht dargestellten) Ausführungsform ist der Spulenträger 3 ein massiver Spulenträger und weist somit einen sehr großen Querschnitt auf und damit hohe mechanische Stabilität zur Aufnahme von Windungskräften. Bei einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 wird die Spulenwicklung 2 aus 2G-HTS-Bandleitern mit einem höheren Wickelzug hergestellt, als er bei 1G-HTS-Bandleitern wegen de¬ ren teilweise geringer mechanischer Festigkeit üblich ist. Da die 2G-HTS-Bandleiter in unterschiedlichen Breiten verfügbar sind, wird oft der Wickelzug pro Leiterbreite angegeben. Der gesamte Wickelzug Fw ergibt sich dabei als Wickelzug/Breite x Breite des HTS-Bandleiters . Beispielsweise wird vorteilhaft ein 12mm breiter HTS-Bandleiter mit mindestens 25 N/cm Wi- ckelzug pro Breite, also 30 N Wickelzug verarbeitet. Dadurch weist die erfindungsgemäße HTS-Spule 1 eine entsprechend hohe Vorspannkraft auf. Die Vorspannkraft ergibt sich aus dem Pro¬ dukt des Wickelzuges, beispielsweise 30 N pro Leiter, und der Anzahl von Windungen n der Spulenwicklung. Die gesamte Vorspannkraft Fv ergibt sich wie folgt: Furthermore, in one possible embodiment, the coil carrier 3 has a material cross-section which is greater than a minimum material cross-section required for the winding process to achieve a predetermined mechanical stability. 2 shows, by way of example, an embodiment of the HTS coil 1 according to the invention, in which the coil carrier 3 has an enlarged material cross-section compared with FIG. 1 and is therefore more stable and allows the use of an elevated winding tension. The HTS coil 1, as shown in Fig. 1 or 2 is, for example, brought on a pole core of a machine rotor ¬ . The coil carrier 3 and the coil winding 2 are adapted to the shape of the pole core, ie they are as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, for example, raceway-ring-shaped. The opening 4 shown in Fig. 1, 2 is completely filled by the pole core of the machine rotor. Would shrink the Polkerneisen in cooling from the room temperature ¬ tur to the operating temperature of the HTS coil 1 is less than an exposed coil winding shrink, so loading the Polkerneisen agrees to the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding and thus the longitudinal compression of the contained HTS ceramic. In one possible embodiment, therefore the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coils 1 are mounted directly on the respective pole cores, so that the iron or steel of the pole core can counteract the longitudinal compression of the HTS ceramic. In this embodiment, the coils are formed on carriers which are only just stiff enough for the winding process. The coil winding 2 and the corresponding coil carrier 3 are then shrunk on a prefabricated pole core of the rotor or mounted with exact fit on it. Mechanical forces which occur during cooling during operation of the high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 are then held by the pole core. The pole core has a smaller thermal shrinkage and thus prevents longitudinal compression (circumferential direction) of the HTS ceramic contained in the coil winding 2. Good coupling of both the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 and the associated pole core to a cooling system prevents the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 from cooling faster than the associated pole core. In one possible (not shown) embodiment of the bobbin 3 is a solid bobbin and thus has a very large cross-section and thus high mechanical stability for receiving Windungskräften. In a further possible embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor according to the invention (HTS) coil 1, the coil winding 2 is made of 2G-HTS strip conductors with a higher winding tension, as is usual with 1G-HTS strip conductors for de ¬ ren partially low mechanical strength , Since the 2G HTS strip conductors are available in different widths, often the winding tension per line width is specified. The entire winding tension F w results here as a winding tension / width x width of the HTS-band conductor. For example, a 12 mm wide HTS strip conductor with at least 25 N / cm winding tension per width, ie 30 N winding tension, is advantageously processed. As a result, the HTS coil 1 according to the invention has a correspondingly high pretensioning force. The biasing force results from the Pro ¬ domestic product of the winding train, for example, 30 N per wire, and the Number of turns n of the coil winding. The total preload force F v is as follows:
Fv = 2 x n x Fw, F v = 2 xnx F w ,
wobei n die Anzahl von Windungen der Spulenwicklung 2 und Fw Wickelzug pro Leiter ist. where n is the number of turns of the coil winding 2 and F w winding tension per conductor.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 weist vorzugsweise eine Spulenwicklung aus 2G-HTS-Bandlei- ter auf, in der ein supraleitender HTS-Keramik-Leiterfilm auf einem Subtratmaterial aufgebracht ist. Derartige Spulenwick¬ lungen mit 2G-HTS ("coated conductors") erlauben heute einen deutlich höheren Wickelzug Fw pro Leiterbreite von bis zu ei¬ nigen 100 N/cm Leiterbreite. Bei einer möglichen Ausführungs- form der erfindungsgemäßen HTS-Spule 1 beträgt der Wickelzug Fw pro Leiterbreite mehr als 50 N/cm bis zu 100 N/cm oder mehr. Der erfindungsgemäß gestaltete Spulenträger 3 hält ohne unzulässige Deformation einen deutlich höheren Wickel zug r w aus. Wird bei dieser Ausführungsform die Spulenwicklung 2 beim Wickeln unter mechanische Vorspannung gebracht, verringert der beim Abkühlen der HTS-Spule 1 auf die Betriebstempe¬ ratur hervorgerufene thermische Schrumpf zunächst diese me¬ chanische Vorspannung in Umfangsrichtung . Erst wenn diese mechanische Vorspannung ganz aufgehoben ist, entsteht eine un- akzeptable Längskompression des in der Spulenwicklung 2 enthaltenen supraleitenden Materials. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird die Spulenwicklung 2 bei erhöhten Wickelzug Fw derart gewickelt, dass der Wickelzug der Spulenwicklung von innen nach außen während des Wickeins der Spulenwicklung stetig verringert wird. The high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 according to the invention preferably has a coil winding made of 2G HTS tape conductors in which a superconducting HTS ceramic conductor film is applied to a substrate material. Such Spulenwick ¬ lungs with 2G HTS ("coated conductors") allow today a significantly higher winding tension F w per conductor width of up to ei ¬ nigen 100 N / cm conductor width. In one possible embodiment of the HTS coil 1 according to the invention, the winding tension F w per conductor width is more than 50 N / cm up to 100 N / cm or more. The inventively designed bobbin 3 holds without undue deformation a significantly higher winding train rw. In this embodiment, the coil winding 2 during winding brought under mechanical prestress, the induced upon cooling of the HTS coil 1 to the operating temperature Tempe ¬ thermal shrinkage initially reduces this ¬ me chanical bias in the circumferential direction. Only when this mechanical preload is completely eliminated does an unacceptable longitudinal compression of the superconducting material contained in the coil winding 2 arise. In a preferred embodiment, the coil winding 2 is wound at increased winding tension F w such that the winding tension of the coil winding is continuously reduced from the inside to the outside during the winding of the coil winding.
Fig. 3 zeigt in einer Detailansicht ein weiteres Ausführungs¬ beispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1. Die Spulenwicklung 2 weist eine Vielzahl von gewickelten Spulenwindungen auf, die in Fig. 3 gestrichelt angedeutet sind. Die gewickelten Spulenwindungen aus HTS- Bandleiter sind an einen entsprechend geformten Spulenträger 3 angepasst. Auch in dieser Konfiguration lassen sich die aufgeführten vorteilhaften Aspekte der erfindungsgemäßen HTS- Spule 1 darstellen. Fig. 3 shows a detailed view of a further execution ¬ example of the high-temperature superconductor according to the invention (HTS) coil 1. The coil 2 comprises a plurality of wound coil turns which are indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 3. The wound coil windings made of HTS ribbon conductors are adapted to a correspondingly shaped coil carrier 3. Also in this configuration, the represent advantageous aspects of the HTS coil 1 according to the invention.
Der in Fig. 3 dargestellte Spulenträger 3 besteht vorzugswei- se aus einem Material dessen thermischer Schrumpf beim Abkühlen auf die Betriebstemperatur geringer ist als der thermische Schrumpf des in der Spulenwicklung 2 verwendeten Materials. Der Spulenträger 3 besteht beispielsweise aus einem glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffmaterial oder aus Stahl, ins- besondere 4340-Stahl. Die Spulenwindungen der SpulenwicklungThe coil carrier 3 shown in FIG. 3 preferably consists of a material whose thermal shrinkage on cooling to the operating temperature is lower than the thermal shrinkage of the material used in the coil winding 2. The bobbin 3 consists for example of a glass fiber reinforced plastic material or steel, in particular 4340 steel. The coil turns of the coil winding
2 werden vorzugsweise mit einem hohen Wickelzug Fw gewickelt, so dass eine entsprechend hohe Vorspannkraft besteht. Bei der vorliegenden Ausführungsform werden die inneren Wicklungen der Spulenwicklung 2 auf einem höheren Wickelzug gewickelt, welcher im Laufe des Wickelprozesses gemindert wird. Der an¬ fängliche Wickelzug pro Leiterbreite kann dabei mehr als 100 N/cm betragen, wobei der Wickelzug im Laufe des Wickeins bei¬ spielsweise nahezu linear auf einem Wickelzug von mehr als 25 N/cm vermindert wird. Die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Hochtempera- tur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 kann eine sogenannte HTS-Renn- bahnspule sein, die an einen Polkern eines Rotors einer ro¬ tierenden Maschine angebracht wird. 2 are preferably wound with a high winding tension F w , so that there is a correspondingly high biasing force. In the present embodiment, the inner windings of the coil winding 2 are wound on a higher winding tension, which is reduced in the course of the winding process. The on ¬ catchy winding tension per conductor width can be more than 100 N / cm, the winding tension in the course of Wickeins ¬ example is reduced almost linearly on a winding tension of more than 25 N / cm. The illustrated in Fig. 3 tur high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 may be a so-called web-spool HTS racing, which is attached to a pole core of a rotor of a ro ¬ animal machine.
Die erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 wird vorzugsweise für einen bestimmten Betriebstemperaturbe¬ reich ausgelegt, insbesondere für Betrieb unter 80K bzw. bei etwa 30K. Die Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 ist nicht auf die in den Fig. 1-3 dargestellten Ausführungsformen beschränkt. Beispielswei- se können bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform mehrere Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spulen 1 auf einem SpulenträgerThe high-temperature superconductor according to the invention (HTS) coil 1 is preferably designed for a certain rich ¬ The operating temperature, in particular for operations in 80K and about 30K. The embodiment of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 according to the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1-3. By way of example, in one possible embodiment, a plurality of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coils 1 may be mounted on a coil carrier
3 vorgesehen sein. Weiterhin kann bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform die Spulenwicklung 2 zwischen zwei Spulenträgern 3 in einer Sandwichstruktur vorgesehen werden. Dadurch wird der Gesamtquerschnitt der Spulenträger erhöht. Weiterhin ist es möglich, dass mehrere Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spulen 1, wie sie in den Fig. 1-3 dargestellt sind, an einen gemein¬ samen Polkern eines Rotors angebracht werden. Weiterhin ist die erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1 nicht auf die in den Fig. 1-3 dargestellte Ringform be¬ schränkt sondern kann dann auch andere Formen entsprechend dem Design des Maschinenrotors annehmen, beispielsweise eine ovale Form oder als Rechteck mit abgerundeten Ecken. Weiterhin muss die erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule 1, wie sie in den Fig. 1, 3 dargestellt ist, nicht flach ausgebildet sein, sondern kann beispielsweise an- gepasst an eine Zylinderoberfläche ausgebildet sein. 3 be provided. Furthermore, in one possible embodiment, the coil winding 2 can be provided between two coil carriers 3 in a sandwich structure. As a result, the total cross section of the bobbin is increased. It is also possible that a plurality of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils 1, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, are mounted on a common seed ¬ pole core of a rotor. Furthermore is The inventive high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil 1 is not to be ¬ limits in FIGS. illustrated 1-3 ring shape but can then take other forms in accordance with the design of the machine rotor, such as an oval shape or a rectangle with rounded corners. Furthermore, the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil 1 according to the invention, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, does not have to be flat, but instead can be formed, for example, fitted to a cylinder surface.
Bei einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform wird der thermische Schrumpf der Spulenwicklung 2 sensorisch erfasst und einer Steuereinrichtung gemeldet. Überschreitet der thermische Schrumpf beispielsweise einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert kann dies eine Nachricht auslösen, um die Gefahr einer mögli¬ chen Kompression des in der Spulenwicklung 2 enthaltenen supraleitenden Materials und die damit verbundene Beeinträchti¬ gung der supraleitenden Eigenschaft zu melden. In a further possible embodiment, the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding 2 is detected by sensors and reported to a control device. Exceeds the thermal shrinkage, for example, a predetermined threshold, this can trigger a message to report the risk of Moegli ¬ chen compression of the superconducting material contained in the coil winding 2 and the associated impair ¬ supply of the superconducting property.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule (1) mit: 1. High temperature superconductor (HTS) coil (1) with:
(a) mindestens einer Spulenwicklung (2), welche ein supraleitendes Material aufweist; und mit  (a) at least one coil winding (2) comprising a superconducting material; and with
(b) einem Spulenträger (3) für die Spulenwicklung (2);  (b) a coil carrier (3) for the coil winding (2);
(c) wobei die Spulenwicklung (2) oder der Spulenträger (3) derart ausgebildet sind, dass sie bei einem Abkühlen der Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule (1) von einer Raumtemperatur auf die Betriebstemperatur der Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule (1) zur Vermeidung oder Verringerung der Längskompression des in der Spulenwicklung (2) enthaltenen supraleitenden Materials dem thermischen Schrumpfen der Spulenwicklung (2) entgegenwirken .  (c) wherein the coil winding (2) or the coil carrier (3) are designed such that, when the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil (1) is cooled from a room temperature to the operating temperature of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS), Coil (1) to prevent or reduce the longitudinal compression of the superconducting material contained in the coil winding (2) counteract the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding (2).
2. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Spulenträger (3) aus einem Material besteht, dessen thermischer Schrumpf bei dem Abkühlen auf die Betriebstemperatur der Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule (1) geringer ist, als der thermische Schrumpf der Spulenwicklung (2) in Umfangsrichtung ohne Spulenträger. 2. High-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 1, wherein the bobbin (3) consists of a material whose thermal shrinkage on cooling to the operating temperature of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil (1) is lower than the thermal shrinkage of the coil winding (2) in the circumferential direction without coil carrier.
3. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Spulenträger (3) aus einem mit Glasfaser verstärkten Kunststoffmaterial besteht. 3. High-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the coil carrier (3) consists of a glass fiber reinforced plastic material.
4. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Spulenträger (3) aus Stahl besteht. 4. High-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the coil carrier (3) consists of steel.
5. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 4, wobei der Spulenträger (3) aus 4340-Stahl besteht. 5. High-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 4, wherein the coil carrier (3) consists of 4340 steel.
6. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 1-5, wobei der Spulenträger (3) einen Mantel aufweist, der aus ei¬ nem Material mit hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit, insbesondere Kup¬ fer, besteht. 6. High-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 1-5, wherein the coil carrier (3) has a jacket which consists of egg ¬ nem material with high thermal conductivity, in particular copper fer.
7. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 1-6, wobei der Spulenträger (3) aus einem Material besteht, wel-7. High-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 1-6, wherein the coil carrier (3) consists of a material, wel-
N N
ches ein Elastizitätsmodul (E) von mehr als 150.000 M —- m aufweist . has a modulus of elasticity (E) of more than 150,000 M - m.
8. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 1-7, wobei der Spulenträger (3) einen Materialquerschnitt auf¬ weist, der größer als ein minimal für den Wickelprozess zur Erreichung einer mechanischen Stabilität benötigter Quer- schnitt ist. 8. High-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 1-7, wherein the coil carrier (3) has a material cross-section ¬ , which is greater than a minimum for the winding process to achieve a mechanical stability required cross-section.
9. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 1-7, wobei der Spulenträger ein massiver Spulenträger ist. 9. High-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 1-7, wherein the coil carrier is a solid coil carrier.
10. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 1-7, wobei die Spulenwicklung (2) mit einem Wickelzug pro Breite des HTS-Bandleiters von mehr als 25 N/cm gewickelt ist und eine entsprechend hohe Vorspannungskraft aufweist. The high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 1-7, wherein the coil winding (2) is wound with a winding tension per width of the HTS tape conductor of more than 25 N / cm and has a correspondingly high biasing force.
11. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 10, wobei der Wickelzug pro Breite des HTS-Bandleiters mehr als 50 N/cm bis über 100 N/cm beträgt. 11. A high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 10, wherein the winding tension per width of the HTS tape conductor is more than 50 N / cm to over 100 N / cm.
12. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 1-11, wobei die Spulenwicklung (2) aus HTS-Bandleiter einen supraleitenden HTS-Keramik-Leiterfilm, insbesondere aus YBa- CuO aufweist, der auf einem Substratmaterial aufgebracht ist, dessen thermischer Schrumpf bei Abkühlen auf die Betriebstemperatur der HTS-Spule (1) geringer ist, als der thermische Schrumpf des HTS-Keramik-Leiterfilms . 12. High-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 1-11, wherein the coil winding (2) of HTS-band conductor has a superconducting HTS ceramic conductor film, in particular of YBa-CuO, which is applied to a substrate material whose thermal Shrinkage on cooling to the operating temperature of the HTS coil (1) is lower than the thermal shrinkage of the HTS ceramic conductor film.
13. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 1-12, wobei der HTS-Bandleiter einen elektrisch isolierenden Isolationsmantel aufweist, der in einem Imprägniermaterial eingebettet ist, wobei der thermische Schrumpf des Isolati¬ onsmantels bei Abkühlen auf die Betriebstemperatur der HTS- Spule (1) geringer ist als der thermische Schrumpf des Im¬ prägniermaterials . 13. High-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 1-12, wherein the HTS band conductor has an electrically insulating insulation jacket, which is embedded in a impregnating material, wherein the thermal shrinkage of the insulation ¬ onsmantels on cooling to the operating temperature of the HTS Coil (1) is less than the thermal shrinkage of the ¬ prägniermaterials.
14. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 13, wobei das Imprägniermaterial einen thermischen Schrumpf auf¬ weist, der geringer ist als der thermische Schrumpf von Epo¬ xydharz . 14. High-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 13, wherein the impregnating material has a thermal shrinkage ¬ , which is less than the thermal shrinkage of Epo ¬ xydharz.
15. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 14, wobei das Imprägniermaterial Körner aus Metalloxid, insbeson¬ dere aus Aluminiumoxid, aufweist. 15, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil as claimed in claim 14, wherein the impregnation of metal oxide grains insbeson ¬ particular of aluminum oxide, which.
16. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 10-15, wobei der Spulenträger (3) und die Spulenwicklung (1) angepasst an eine Form eines Polkerns ringförmig ausgebildet sind . 16, high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 10-15, wherein the coil carrier (3) and the coil winding (1) adapted to a shape of a pole core are annular.
17. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 1-16, wobei die Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule (1) bei einer Betriebstemperatur von unter 80 Kelvin (K) betrieben wird. 17. High-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 1-16, wherein the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil (1) is operated at an operating temperature of less than 80 Kelvin (K).
18. Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule nach Anspruch 1-17, wobei die Spulenwicklung (2) derart gewickelt ist, dass der Wickelzug von innen nach außen während des Wickeins der Spulenwicklung (2) stetig verringert wird. 18. High-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil according to claim 1-17, wherein the coil winding (2) is wound so that the winding tension is continuously reduced from the inside to the outside during the Wickickeins the coil winding (2).
19. Rotor einer elektrischen Maschine mit mehreren Polkernen, an die jeweils mindestens eine Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1-18 angebracht ist. 19 rotor of an electric machine with a plurality of pole cores, to each of which at least one high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil (1) is mounted according to one of claims 1-18.
20. Rotor einer elektrischen Maschine nach Anspruch 19, wobei die Polkerne jeweils einem thermischen Schrumpf der daran angebrachten Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTS) -Spule (1) entgegenwirken. 20. The rotor of an electrical machine according to claim 19, wherein the pole cores each counteract a thermal shrinkage of the attached thereto high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil (1).
EP11725000.1A 2010-09-06 2011-05-20 High-temperature superconductor (hts) coil Withdrawn EP2601660A1 (en)

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