EP2600636B1 - Verzerrungsverringerung für kleine Lautsprecher durch Bandbegrenzung - Google Patents

Verzerrungsverringerung für kleine Lautsprecher durch Bandbegrenzung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2600636B1
EP2600636B1 EP11191329.9A EP11191329A EP2600636B1 EP 2600636 B1 EP2600636 B1 EP 2600636B1 EP 11191329 A EP11191329 A EP 11191329A EP 2600636 B1 EP2600636 B1 EP 2600636B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
audio
loudspeaker
frequency band
attenuation
limited frequency
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EP11191329.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2600636A1 (de
EP2600636B8 (de
Inventor
Clemen Boje Larsen
Thomas Beierholm
Peter Theilgaard Hounum
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Goertek Europe ApS
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AM3D AS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/002—Damping circuit arrangements for transducers, e.g. motional feedback circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/04—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for correcting frequency response

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of signal processing, especially audio signal processing, and more specifically processing of audio signals for playback by small loudspeakers. More specifically, the invention provides a processor and a method for reducing distortion produced by small loudspeakers, and/or increasing the possible acoustic output for such loudspeakers, and/or possibly reducing the risk of damaging the loudspeakers.
  • Small loudspeaker units are used in many devices today for reproducing audio signals in compact portable audio devices, e.g. mobile phones, media players, car audio systems and the like. Due to the small size, such loudspeakers have a limited maximum acoustic output, a limited dynamic range, and especially a limited low frequency output. When the dynamic capability of a small loudspeaker is exceeded, the result is a severely distorted audio signal. Especially, the distortion is clearly audible on audio signal including a few pure tones, e.g. as popular ring tones used by many Japanese in their mobile phones.
  • the goal is to maintain an acoustic output while lower the distortion.
  • the invention provides a device arranged for application to an associated loudspeaker acoustically mounted such that it exhibits a lower resonance frequency.
  • the device comprises
  • Such device is advantageous, since it allows reproduction of sound with a miniature or micro-speaker with reduced distortion.
  • Typical loudspeakers where the invention is advantageous are loudspeaker with a small diaphragm area and which are mounted such that its lower resonance frequency Fc is rather high, e.g. 1 kHz, as in many mobile phones and the like.
  • the free air resonance frequency of the loudspeaker is typically lower, but due to a small back volume the resulting lower resonance frequency Fc often becomes rather high.
  • the invention is based on the insight that by attenuating a limited frequency band including the Fc, e.g.
  • Such as 3-6 dB of attenuation at high signal levels in said frequency band can dramatically reduce distortion from a small loudspeaker, thus leading to either improved sound quality and/or increased effective acoustic output from the small loudspeaker at audio frequencies above Fc, but in many cases also below Fc.
  • the invention should preferably be present just prior to digital to analog conversion resulting in the analog signal to drive the loudspeaker.
  • the limited frequency band has a bandwidth of less than 2 octaves, such as less than 1 octave, such as less than 2/3 octaves, such as less than 1/3 octave.
  • the limited frequency band may be centred around said lower resonance frequency of the associated loudspeaker.
  • the bandwidth optimal in each case will depend on the loudspeaker and the acoustical environment where it is mounted. A more effective distortion protection can be achieved with a rather wide bandwidth, whereas the most inaudible processing is obtained with a narrow bandwidth.
  • the invention comprises a gain control unit arranged to control said attenuation in the limited frequency band.
  • the gain control unit may be arranged to detect a level of the audio input signal within the limited frequency band and to provide said attenuation according to a predetermined attenuation scheme.
  • Said scheme may include detecting whether a peak level of the audio input signal within the limited frequency band exceeds a predetermined maximum level, and determining said attenuation accordingly to ensure that the modified audio signal does not exceed the predetermined maximum level.
  • Said predetermined maximum level is preferably selected such in relation to the associated loudspeaker that the audio output signal will not cause the loudspeaker to perform a diaphragm excursion exceeding its limit.
  • the gain control unit is preferably designed such, that zero attenuation is provided most of the time when signal levels are low enough to ensure that the loudspeaker diaphragm will not reach excursions causing severe distortion.
  • ML 100 dB
  • P 110 dB
  • ML can be selected according to the application to include a safety margin to ensure that the loudspeaker is never overloaded, or it can be set to a more aggressive value allowing slightly overloading the loudspeaker.
  • the attenuation will preferably be zero, thus leaving the processing inactive.
  • the attenuation can effectively ensure that severe audible distortion is avoided.
  • the filter section may be implemented in various ways, using various types of filters with various cut off slope steepness etc.
  • the filter section may comprise a band pass filter arranged to band pass filter the audio input signal to said limited frequency band, and a band stop filter arranged to band stop filter the audio input signal with the stop band being said limited frequency band. Outputs from the band pass filter and the band stop filter may then be summed to generate the audio output signal.
  • the device may be designed to accept an audio input signal with a plurality of audio channels, such as a stereo signal, and wherein the audio channels are processed to form an audio output signal with a corresponding plurality of audio channels.
  • the audio input signal may be analog or digital, and also the audio output signal may be analog or digital.
  • the filter section and the attenuation is implemented by means of a digital processor programmed to perform the required signal processing.
  • the device may comprise a loudspeaker acoustically mounted such that it exhibits said lower resonance frequency, and a power amplifier connected to drive the loudspeaker according to the audio output signal.
  • the device may be a mobile device, such as portable audio device, portable video devices, and portable players. More specifically, the device may be one of: a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, and a personal navigation device.
  • the invention may be useful in combination to any application where an acoustic output from a small loudspeaker is required with a minimum of audible distortion.
  • the loudspeaker is small, i.e.
  • the loudspeaker may be further acoustically mounted, e.g. a closed or vented cabinet, such that the lower resonance frequency is above 100 Hz, such as above 300 Hz, such as above 500 Hz, such as above 800 Hz, such as above 1 kHz.
  • the lower resonance frequency may be between 500 Hz and 2 kHz, such as between 700 Hz and 1.5 kHz.
  • the invention provides a method for reducing distortion from an associated loudspeaker acoustically mounted such that it exhibits a lower resonance frequency, the method comprising attenuating a limited frequency band of an audio input signal, wherein the limited frequency band includes said lower resonance frequency.
  • the invention provides a computer executable program code arranged to perform the method according to the second aspect, such as a computer executable program code stored on a data carrier.
  • the program code may be implemented on any type of audio processing platform, e.g. a sound card in a computer, a general processor in a mobile device e.g.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a device embodiment in block diagram form taking an audio signal A_in as input.
  • a miniature loudspeaker L with lower resonance frequency Fc 1 kHz, e.g. resulting from the loudspeaker L being mounted in a mobile device cabinet which causes the lower resonance frequency Fc to be higher than the free air resonance frequency of the loudspeaker L.
  • the large box illustrates the signal processing which is preferably implemented as program code of a processor system, e.g. the main processor of a mobile device. This processing is preferably the last part of a digital audio processing chain, since it is important that the correct signal level is detected to ensure that the resulting output signal A_out is the actual signal reaching the loudspeaker L, e.g. taking into account a possible gain in an intermediate power amplifier PA driving the loudspeaker L.
  • the signal processing according to the invention can be interpreted as a "band limiter", since it basically detects and attenuates, i.e. limits signal level, in a narrow frequency band around the lower resonance frequency Fc of the loudspeaker L.
  • this narrow frequency range e.g. 1/3-2/3 octave wide
  • control the signal level in this range to ensure that the large diaphragm excursions which occur around Fc will be limited such that the diaphragm will not reach its maximum amplitude - not even during onsets of demanding sound signals with high energy level in the range around Fc. This reduces distortion of the loudspeaker L.
  • the band limiter is implemented as a band pass filter BPF and a band stop filter BSF, both operating on the same frequency range, namely a frequency range with a bandwidth BW of less than 1 octave, e.g. 2/3 octaves, and centred around Fc.
  • the input signal A_in is applied to both filters BPF, BSF, and a gain control unit GC detects a peak level of an output of the band pass filter BPF, i.e. the peak level of the signal present within the frequency range around Fc.
  • a predetermined maximum allowed band pass peak level MBPP e.g. -10 dB re.
  • the gain control unit GC determines the gain factor to be applied to the output of the band pass filter BPF so as to obtain a resulting attenuation of the signal level within this band according to a predetermined attenuation scheme.
  • the rest of the input signal A_in i.e. the output of the band stop filter BSF, is finally added to the attenuated version of the output of the band pass filter BPF to form the output signal A_out.
  • This output signal A_out is then digital to analog converted and applied to the power amplifier PA driving the loudspeaker L.
  • a simple scheme is to apply zero attenuation at low signal levels and then apply a fixed attenuation, e.g. 10 dB attenuation, when the detected peak level exceeds MBPP.
  • the attenuation will thus be zero dB, i.e. the resulting processing is inactive and thus does not influence sound quality.
  • the processing will effectively protect the loudspeaker L from large diaphragm excursions, and thus severe audible distortion can be eliminated.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example with a band limiter BL as explained in connection with Fig. 2 with Fc, BW, and MBPP as input parameters.
  • the band limiter BL is here implemented on a processor P which also handles a pre-equalizing Eq, e.g. to compensate unequal frequency response of the loudspeakers used, of the audio input signal, here shown as a stereo PCM signal.
  • the band limiter BL has separate path ways for the two stereo signals, here illustrated as a stereo PCM output signal to be applied to a stereo power amplifier PA which drives a set of stereo loudspeakers.
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of different curves of attenuation of an embodiment of a band limiter.
  • the upper curve show zero attenuation (0 dB), whereas the lowest curve illustrates 10 dB attenuation (-10 dB).
  • the loudspeaker plays a single tone with a duration of 200 ms, i.e. a tone burst.
  • the maximum distortion about 7.5 %, occurs for tones with a frequency near Fc, i.e. a clearly audible distortion.
  • attenuation of the input signal to the loudspeaker in this frequency range helps to reduce the resulting distortion.
  • the invention provides a method and a device for reducing distortion from an associated loudspeaker acoustically mounted such that it exhibits a lower resonance frequency Fc.
  • a limited frequency band, including Fc, of an audio input signal is attenuated.
  • the amount of attenuation to be applied to this limited signal frequency range is determined in response to the peak signal level in this limited signal frequency range so as to only apply an attenuation when the signal level in this frequency range exceeds a predetermined level.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Vorrichtung, die zur Anwendung an einem zugehörigen Lautsprecher (L) angeordnet ist, der akustisch montiert ist, sodass er eine niedrigere Resonanzfrequenz (Fc) aufweist,
    - ein Eingang, der angeordnet ist, ein Audioeingangssignal (A_in) zu empfangen,
    - ein Filterabschnitt (BPF, BSF), der angeordnet ist, das Audioeingangssignal (A_in) zu empfangen und eine Dämpfung in einem begrenzten Frequenzband davon bereitzustellen und ein entsprechend modifiziertes Audiosignal zu erzeugen, wobei das begrenzte Frequenzband die niedrigere Resonanzfrequenz (Fc) des zugehörigen Lautsprechers (L) einschließt,
    - ein Ausgang, der angeordnet ist, das modifizierte Audiosignal als ein Audioausgangssignal (A_out) auszugeben, und
    - eine Verstärkungssteuereinheit (GC), die angeordnet ist, die Dämpfung im begrenzten Frequenzband zu steuern, wobei die Verstärkungssteuereinheit (GC) angeordnet ist, einen Pegel des Audioeingangssignals (A_in) innerhalb des begrenzten Frequenzbandes zu ermitteln und die Dämpfung entsprechend einem vorbestimmten Dämpfungsschema bereitzustellen, wobei das Schema das Ermitteln, ob ein Spitzenpegel des Audioeingangssignals (A_in) innerhalb des begrenzten Frequenzbandes einen vorbestimmten Maximalpegel (MBPP) übersteigt, und das entsprechende Bestimmen der Dämpfung einschließt, um sicherzustellen, dass das modifizierte Audiosignal nicht den vorbestimmten Maximalpegel (MBPP) übersteigt.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das begrenzte Frequenzband eine Bandbreite (BW) von weniger als 2 Oktaven aufweist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, wobei das begrenzte Frequenzband um die niedrigere Resonanzfrequenz (Fc) des zugehörigen Lautsprechers (L) herum zentriert ist.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der vorbestimmte Maximalpegel (MBPP) so in Bezug auf den zugehörigen Lautsprecher (L) ausgewählt ist, dass das Audioausgangssignal (A_out) den Lautsprecher (L) nicht veranlasst, eine seine Grenze überschreitende Membranauslenkung auszuführen.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Filterabschnitt (BPF, BSF) einen Bandpassfilter (BPF), der angeordnet ist, das Audioeingangssignal (A_in) auf das begrenzte Frequenzband zu bandpassfiltern, und einen Bandsperrfilter (BSF) umfasst, der angeordnet ist, das Audioeingangssignal (A_in) zu sperrbandfiltern, wobei das Sperrband das begrenzte Frequenzband ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Audioeingangssignal (A_in) eine Vielzahl von Audiokanälen einschließt, und wobei die Audiokanäle verarbeitet werden, um ein Audioausgangssignal (A_out) mit einer entsprechenden Vielzahl von Audiokanälen zu bilden.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die einen Lautsprecher (L), der akustisch montiert ist, sodass er eine niedrigere Resonanzfrequenz (Fc) aufweist, und einen Leistungsverstärker (PA) umfasst, der verbunden ist, um den Lautsprecher (L) entsprechend dem Audioausgangssignal (A_out) anzutreiben.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, wobei der Lautsprecher (L) eine Membranfläche von weniger als 10 cm2 aufweist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, wobei der Lautsprecher akustisch montiert ist, sodass die niedrigere Resonanzfrequenz über 100 Hz liegt.
  10. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Vorrichtung eines von Folgendem ist: eine tragbare Audiovorrichtung, eine tragbare Videovorrichtung und ein tragbarer Player, wie zum Beispiel ein Mobiltelefon, ein Tablet, ein Laptop oder eine persönliche Navigationsvorrichtung.
  11. Verfahren zum Verringern der Verzerrung von einem zugehörigen Lautsprecher (L), der akustisch montiert ist, sodass er eine niedrigere Resonanzfrequenz (Fc) aufweist, wobei das Verfahren das Dämpfen eines begrenzten Frequenzbandes eines Audioeingangssignals (A_in) umfasst, wobei das begrenzte Frequenzband die niedrigere Resonanzfrequenz (Fc) einschließt, wobei das Verfahren ferner das Steuern der Dämpfung im begrenzten Frequenzband, das Ermitteln eines Pegels des Audioeingangssignals (A_in) innerhalb des begrenzten Frequenzbandes und das Bereitstellen der Dämpfung entsprechend einem vorbestimmten Dämpfungsschemas umfasst, wobei das Schema das Ermitteln, ob ein Spitzenpegel des Audioeingangssignals (A_in) innerhalb des begrenzten Frequenzbandes einen vorbestimmten Maximalpegel (MBPP) übersteigt, und das entsprechende Ermitteln der Dämpfung einschließt, um sicherzustellen, dass das modifizierte Audiosignal nicht den vorbestimmten Maximalpegel (MBPP) übersteigt.
  12. Computerausführbarer Programmcode, der angeordnet ist, das Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 auszuführen.
EP11191329.9A 2011-11-30 2011-11-30 Verzerrungsverringerung für kleine Lautsprecher durch Bandbegrenzung Active EP2600636B8 (de)

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EP3226412B1 (de) * 2016-03-30 2021-10-27 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Dynamische unterdrückung von nichtlinearer verzerrung
US10142731B2 (en) * 2016-03-30 2018-11-27 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Dynamic suppression of non-linear distortion

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JP2000253484A (ja) * 1999-03-02 2000-09-14 Sony Corp スピーカ駆動装置及びこれを具備した音響機器
JP4666229B2 (ja) * 2006-10-18 2011-04-06 ソニー株式会社 オーディオ再生装置
US8194869B2 (en) * 2010-03-17 2012-06-05 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Audio power management system

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EP2600636B8 (de) 2017-05-03

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