EP2598902A1 - Verfahren und anordnung zum abschätzen der leistungsfähigkeit mindestens einer batterieeinheit einer wiederaufladbaren batterie - Google Patents

Verfahren und anordnung zum abschätzen der leistungsfähigkeit mindestens einer batterieeinheit einer wiederaufladbaren batterie

Info

Publication number
EP2598902A1
EP2598902A1 EP11738651.6A EP11738651A EP2598902A1 EP 2598902 A1 EP2598902 A1 EP 2598902A1 EP 11738651 A EP11738651 A EP 11738651A EP 2598902 A1 EP2598902 A1 EP 2598902A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
state
battery unit
charge
battery
soc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11738651.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Arpad Imre
Alexander Schmidt
Matthias Bitzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2598902A1 publication Critical patent/EP2598902A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for estimating the state of charge of at least one battery unit of a rechargeable battery and at least one of the aging state of this battery unit descriptive size of the battery unit at a selectable operating point by means of a model, in particular mathematical model of the battery or at least the battery unit, wherein first estimates the state of charge becomes.
  • the invention further relates to an arrangement for estimating the state of charge of at least one battery unit of a rechargeable battery and at least one of the aging state of this battery unit descriptive size of the battery unit at a selectable operating point, with the battery unit and an implemented in a computing device of the arrangement model, in particular mathematical model Battery or at least the battery unit, wherein a first state estimator first estimates the state of charge by means of the model.
  • hybrid drive concepts or purely electric drive concepts are currently being developed.
  • the operation of electrical machines in motor and generator operation of such drive concepts requires at least one electrical energy storage such as a rechargeable battery in the vehicle. Due to their high energy density compared to other battery systems, lithium-ion cells are favored for mobile and stationary storage of electrical energy, ie electrical energy storage.
  • the input / output behavior of the battery or its battery units is determined by mathematical models under certain load profiles, that is, corresponding charge and discharge currents. ⁇
  • the method according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 1 offers the advantage that the estimation of the variable describing the aging state of the battery unit is an instant (instantaneous) and independent of the load case determination of this variable.
  • variable describing the aging state is a current charge capacity C ak t of the battery unit that consists of the load current I B of the battery unit at the operating point and the reciprocal of the time derivative of the previously estimated state of charge of the battery unit is estimated.
  • the charge aging state SOH Q is defined, ie where Co is the capacity of the new cell and C a kt that of the aged cell at the time considered.
  • this method can be used to estimate the state of charge of a storage unit of any electrical (energy) storage device and at least one variable describing the aging state of this storage unit.
  • the electrical memory is in particular said rechargeable battery, ie an accumulator or an element which stores electrical energy by means of electrochemical processes, or a purely capacitive memory, preferably a memory or double-layer capacitor.
  • the battery unit may be a single battery cell, an array of parallel and / or serially connected battery cells or the entire battery.
  • the battery unit is a battery cell.
  • the performance of each individual battery cell is preferably estimated separately.
  • a further of the variables describing the aging state of the current internal resistance Ri, Dc, B, akt the battery unit which is estimated from a determined overpotential Uov and the load current l B of the battery unit at the operating point.
  • An operating point is defined by the currently required load Current I B , the current state of charge (SOC) of the battery unit, and the temperature of environment T TM and temperature T of the battery unit itself.
  • q3 is a parameter known from an offline parameterization which is characteristic of the particular battery unit.
  • the overpotential Uov of the battery unit is estimated from the load current I B of the battery unit at the operating point, the time derivative of the determined temperature T and a function describing the heat transfer function f (T) of the battery unit.
  • the current internal resistance Ri, Dc, B, act can be determined as further variables describing the state of aging.
  • the overpotential Uov occurring at a specific load current can also be used as a measure of the performance.
  • the corresponding power aging state SOH P is defined as
  • UOVA B C BB) i B ⁇ dT / dt + k2-f (T)).
  • K2 is another battery type-specific constant.
  • Q1, q2 are two further parameters, which are estimated in the course of an offline parameterization.
  • the battery model describes the following quantities and functional relationships:
  • the estimation of the state of charge SOC is carried out by means of a state estimator.
  • this state estimator is a state estimator according to Kalman or a condition observer according to Luenberger.
  • the approach of Kaiman is based on a
  • State space modeling which explicitly distinguishes between the dynamics of the system state and the process of its measurement.
  • the state vector of a system is often understood to be the smallest set of determinants describing the system with sufficient accuracy and represented in the framework of modeling in the form of a multi-dimensional vector with corresponding dynamic equations, the so-called state space model.
  • the approach of Luenberger as well as the approach of Kalman is based on a comparison of the output variables of the state estimator with those of the controlled system. Here, the difference between the measured value of the track and the estimated output of the observer is attributed to the model.
  • the correction term also called feedback gain, can be determined according to Kalman by means of a stochastic approach on the assumption of measurement and process noise or according to Luenberger by means of a deterministic approach.
  • the basic rule structure is identical in both cases. So that can the observer / state estimator compensates for disturbances as well as measurement and process noise, or model uncertainties, and the state vector of the model converges to that of the path.
  • the arrangement according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 9 offers the advantage that the estimation of the variable describing the aging state, consisting of the capacity aging state SOH Q and the power aging state SOHp, the battery unit an instantaneous and independent of the load case determination of this size is.
  • the quantity describing the capacity aging state SOHQ has the current charge capacity C a kt of the battery unit and the arrangement has an aging state estimator (SOH estimator) which is set up in such a way that this charge capacity Uakt BUS is the load current l B of the battery unit Operating point, a battery type specific constant and the reciprocal of the time derivative of the previously estimated state of charge SOC estimate the battery unit.
  • SOH estimator aging state estimator
  • variable describing the power aging state SOHp is the actual internal resistance Ri, Dc, B, act or
  • Overpotential U OV, B of the battery unit is.
  • the aging state estimator is further configured to estimate the overpotential Uov of the battery unit from the load current I B of the battery unit at the operating point, the time derivative of the determined temperature T and a function describing the heat transfer function f (T) of the battery unit.
  • the current internal resistance Ri, Dc, B, act can be determined as further variables describing the state of aging.
  • the overpotential Uov occurring at a specific load current can also be used as a measure of the performance.
  • both the state estimator and the aging state estimator are implemented in the computing device of the device.
  • the state estimator is a state estimator according to Kalman or a condition observer according to Luenberger.
  • one is preferably a state variable filter.
  • the state scientist also operates according to another method, for example the "untranslated transformation” method, i. as Unscented Cayman Filter (UKF).
  • UEF Unscented Cayman Filter
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement for estimating the state of charge and the state of aging of a rechargeable battery in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • the arrangement 10 has, in addition to the battery unit 12, also a computing device 16 a state estimator 18 and an aging state estimator (SOH estimator) 20 are implemented.
  • the state estimator 18 is typically configured as a charge state estimator (SOC estimator).
  • the aging state estimator 20 is connected downstream of the state estimator 18.
  • the state estimator 18 includes a model of the battery unit 12, which at least relates to the following sizes: the (physical) state of charge SOC, the overpotential UOV under load as a function of internal resistance R, DC, B and load current I, the temperature T of the battery unit and the rest potential U 0 as a function of the state of charge SOC.
  • the input quantity of the battery unit 12 and the associated model 22 is the load current I.
  • the corresponding outputs y [TU k i] T of the battery unit 12 and model 22 are compared by means of a comparator 24 and the comparison result via the feedback gain (correction term) 26 to the model 22 fed as another input value. This results in a closed loop.
  • the output variables of the state estimator are (i) the temperature T and (ii) the terminal voltage U K i_-
  • the SOC as an internal state variable, the output variable temperature T and the overpotential Uov (according to the above formula for estimating the overpotential Uov) become the aging - Estimator 20 supplied.
  • the quantities state of charge SOC and temperature T are derived in terms of time by means of a (time-discrete) differentiator 28. The results of these time derivatives of state of charge SOC and temperature T become - as well as the overvoltage Uov - within the aging state estimator 20 of a device
  • This device 30 for inverting the model and, if appropriate, for carrying out a load squares method (LSQ). This device 30 then determines the variables C akt and / or Ri, DC , B, which describe the aging state SOH of the battery unit 12.
  • the capacitance C and the internal resistance R I, DC is introduced by way of example.
  • the latter considers the purely ohmic contribution of various effects that lead to the voltage drop of the terminal voltage U K i_ of the cell under load. Since with Li-ion cells for safety reasons always the upper and lower break-off voltage must be maintained, the voltage drop resulting from R i D c is characteristic for the performance of the battery 14.
  • the overpotential U 0 occurring for a given load current can also be used for the Consideration of performance.
  • the capacity aging state SOH Q defined, ie where Co is the capacity of the new cell and C a kt that of the aged cell at the time considered.
  • the power aging state SOH P is defined as
  • the memory model (accumulator model) 22 can be considered as follows:
  • the constants k1 and k2 are two battery type-specific constants
  • the function f (T) is a function describing the removal of heat (for example, by free convection, radiation, heat conduction).
  • C is the capacity
  • Ri oc is the internal resistance of the rechargeable battery. Since the temperature T can be measured directly, the observation task is trivial.
  • the state estimator 18 SOC estimate in FIG. 1 of u, y1, and y2 determines the (internal) quantities SOC and T.
  • the parameter pair ⁇ C a kt, Ri.Dc.akt ⁇ can be uniquely determined from the available information.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
EP11738651.6A 2010-07-29 2011-07-04 Verfahren und anordnung zum abschätzen der leistungsfähigkeit mindestens einer batterieeinheit einer wiederaufladbaren batterie Withdrawn EP2598902A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010038646A DE102010038646A1 (de) 2010-07-29 2010-07-29 Verfahren und Anordnung zum Abschätzen der Leistungsfähigkeit mindestens einer Batterieeinheit einer wiederaufladbaren Batterie
PCT/EP2011/061233 WO2012013453A1 (de) 2010-07-29 2011-07-04 Verfahren und anordnung zum abschätzen der leistungsfähigkeit mindestens einer batterieeinheit einer wiederaufladbaren batterie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2598902A1 true EP2598902A1 (de) 2013-06-05

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EP11738651.6A Withdrawn EP2598902A1 (de) 2010-07-29 2011-07-04 Verfahren und anordnung zum abschätzen der leistungsfähigkeit mindestens einer batterieeinheit einer wiederaufladbaren batterie

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20130185007A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2598902A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5709994B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR20130097709A (zh)
CN (1) CN103003710A (zh)
DE (1) DE102010038646A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2012013453A1 (zh)

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Publication number Publication date
KR20130097709A (ko) 2013-09-03
CN103003710A (zh) 2013-03-27
US20130185007A1 (en) 2013-07-18
WO2012013453A1 (de) 2012-02-02
DE102010038646A1 (de) 2012-02-02
JP5709994B2 (ja) 2015-04-30
JP2013538343A (ja) 2013-10-10

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