EP2594368B1 - Dispositif de changement de vitesse - Google Patents

Dispositif de changement de vitesse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2594368B1
EP2594368B1 EP20120192002 EP12192002A EP2594368B1 EP 2594368 B1 EP2594368 B1 EP 2594368B1 EP 20120192002 EP20120192002 EP 20120192002 EP 12192002 A EP12192002 A EP 12192002A EP 2594368 B1 EP2594368 B1 EP 2594368B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
speed
motor
threshold
changing device
value
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EP20120192002
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2594368A1 (fr
Inventor
Masatoshi Atsumi
Kenichirou Inagaki
Hiroyuki Kaizo
Tadashi Arimura
Yutaka Yamada
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Panasonic Corp
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Panasonic Corp
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Publication of EP2594368A1 publication Critical patent/EP2594368A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B25F5/001—Gearings, speed selectors, clutches or the like specially adapted for rotary tools

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a speed-changing device that switches the speed reduction ratio and is used in a power tool.
  • Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2009-56590 describes a power tool including a reduction gear train that switches speed reduction ratios.
  • the power tool automatically switches the speed reduction ratio of the reduction gear unit in accordance with the load torque applied to a motor.
  • EP 2281650 A1 discloses an automatic transmission for a power tool.
  • the power tool detects the load torque from the current value of the motor. When the detected current value is greater than a predetermined value for a fixed time, the power tool switches the speed reduction ratio of the reduction gear train to lower the rotation speed of the motor. This prevents the temperature of the motor from suddenly increasing.
  • One aspect of the present invention is a speed-changing device including a motor, a reduction gear train that reduces a rotation speed of the motor in accordance with a speed reduction ratio and transmits the rotation at the reduced speed, and a speed reduction ratio switching unit that switches the speed reduction ratio.
  • the speed reduction ratio switching unit includes an actuator that switches the speed reduction ratio, a controller that controls the actuator, and a drive state detector that detects an index value representing load torque applied to the motor.
  • the controller activates the actuator when the index value exceeds a first threshold value, and the controller activates the actuator when the index value fluctuates between the first threshold and a second threshold, which differs from the first threshold value, thereby forming an undulated pattern that satisfies a predetermined condition.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is a speed-changing device including a motor, a reduction gear train that reduces a rotation speed of the motor in accordance with a speed reduction ratio and transmits the rotation at the reduced speed, a speed reduction ratio switching unit that switches the speed reduction ratio, and a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the motor.
  • the speed reduction ratio switching unit includes an actuator that switches the speed reduction ratio, a controller that controls the actuator, and a drive state detector that detects an index value representing load torque applied to the motor.
  • the controller activates the actuator when the index value exceeds a first threshold value, and the controller activates the actuator when the index value fluctuates between the first threshold and a second threshold, which differs from the first threshold value, thereby forming an undulated pattern and, at the same time, the temperature detected by the temperature sensor reaches a predetermined temperature at which the motor would be abnormally heated.
  • the present invention provides a speed-changing device that can switch the speed reduction ratio of a reduction gear train even when a motor is continuously used in a state in which the detected load torque is slightly lower than a predetermined value to prevent the motor temperature from suddenly increasing and ensure workability.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show one example of a power tool including a speed-decreasing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power tool includes a motor 1 arranged in a rear part of a housing 100.
  • the motor 1 serves as a drive source.
  • the output of the motor 1 is transmitted by a reduction gear train 2 and a drive transmission unit 3 to an output shaft 4.
  • the housing 100 includes a grip on which a trigger switch 103 is arranged. Operation of the trigger switch 103 drives and produces rotation with the motor 1.
  • the reduction gear train 2 includes three planetary gears arranged in series in the axial direction.
  • the second planetary gear namely, a ring gear 12
  • the second planetary gear is movable in an axial direction.
  • the ring gear 12 When moved toward the rear of the power tool (leftward as viewed in Fig. 2 ), the ring gear 12 is engaged with the teeth arranged on the outer circumferential surface of a carrier 11 on the first planetary gear.
  • the ring gear 12 When moved toward the front of the power tool (rightward as viewed in Fig. 2 ), the ring gear 12 is engaged with the inner circumferential surface of a gear case 9.
  • the second planetary gear does not function as part of the gear train, and the first planetary gear is directly connected to the third planetary gear. This transmits low-speed high torque rotation to the output shaft 4.
  • a rotary type actuator 6 and a speed-changing ring 8 are used to switch the speed reduction ratio. Rotation of the actuator 6 is transmitted by a gear 47 to the speed-changing ring 8. This rotates the speed-changing ring 8 and moves the ring gear 12.
  • the speed-changing ring 8 is rotatable about its axis and movable in the axial direction. Further, the speed-changing ring 8 is directly connected to the ring gear 12 and includes a cam groove 41, which is engaged with a pin 45 that projects from the gear case 9.
  • the speed-changing ring 8 is moved in the axial direction guided by the pin 45 and the cam groove 41. The axial movement of the speed-changing ring 8 moves the ring gear 12 in the axial direction and changes speeds.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the power tool.
  • the power tool includes a controller 60, a power supply unit 70, a first driver 65, a second driver 66, an information detector 67, and a drive state detector 68.
  • the controller 60 includes a motor control circuit 61, which drives the motor 1 with the first driver 65, and an actuator control circuit 62, which controls the rotation of the actuator 6 with the second driver 66.
  • the drive state detector 68 feeds back the rotation of the motor 1 to the controller 60, and the information detector 67 feeds back the rotation of the actuator 6 to the controller 60.
  • the actuator 6, the second driver 66, the drive state detector 68, and the controller 60 form a speed reduction ratio switching unit 20.
  • the drive state detector 68 detects an index value that represents the load torque applied to the motor 1.
  • the value of the current that flows through the motor 1 is used as an index value.
  • the index value may be the rotation speed of the motor 1. Further, the index value may be determined by two more variables that represent the drive state of the motor 1 (e.g., motor current value and motor rotation speed).
  • the drive state detector 68 may directly detect the load torque applied to the motor 1, and the detected load torque may be used as an index value.
  • the controller 60 activates the motor 1 in a state in which the speed reduction ratio of the reduction gear train 2 is set to a small value.
  • the controller 60 performs automatic speed-changing control by activating the actuator 6 with the second driver 66 and moving the ring gear 12 in the axial direction to change the speed reduction ratio of the reduction gear train 2 to a large value.
  • the automatic speed-changing control is performed in a state in which the trigger switch 103 is on.
  • the current value of the motor 1 fluctuates within a generally fixed width after a predetermined time elapses.
  • the high-speed mode represents the mode current value when a small value is set as the speed-reduction ratio of the reduction gear train 2.
  • the low-speed mode represents the motor current value when a large value is set as the speed-reduction ratio of the reduction gear train 2.
  • the current value of the motor 1 detected by the drive state detector 68 may continuously become greater than a first threshold L1 during a predetermined period (first state).
  • the first threshold L1 is a reference value at when the motor 1 shifts to an overload state.
  • the controller 60 performs the automatic speed changing control that activates the actuator 6 and changes the speed reduction ratio of the reduction gear train 2 to a large value. This reduces the load on the motor 1 and prevents the temperature of the motor 1 from suddenly increasing.
  • the detected motor current value may fluctuate between the first threshold L1 and a second threshold L2 and form an undulated pattern L3.
  • the automatic speed-changing control is also performed when the undulated pattern L3 satisfies a predetermined condition (second state).
  • the range between the first threshold L1 and the second threshold L2 defines an overload range in which the temperature of the motor 1 may suddenly rise when the motor 1 is continuously used.
  • the current value of the motor 1 that is proportional to the load torque is used as an index value.
  • the second threshold L2 is a smaller value than the first threshold L1.
  • the second threshold L2 is a larger value than the first threshold L1.
  • the predetermined condition for the second state is in that a fixed time ⁇ T elapses from when a stable undulated pattern L3 is formed between the first threshold L1 and the second threshold L2.
  • the undulated pattern L3 is formed with a generally constant width between the first threshold L1 and the second threshold L2.
  • the automatic speed-changing control is performed at time point T2 after the fixed time ⁇ T elapses from time point T1, which is when the stable undulated pattern L3 is formed between the first threshold L1 and the second threshold L2.
  • the load applied to the motor 1 can be reduced not only when the detected current value of the motor 1 exceeds the first threshold value L but also when the detected current value is in the overload range between the first threshold L1 and second threshold L2. This suppresses heating of the power tool and ensures the workability.
  • the automatic speed-changing control is performed based on the elapsed time. Thus, the current value of the motor 1 does not have to be continuously detected from after time point T1, and the automatic speed-changing control of the actuator 6 is not affected by detection errors in the current value of the motor 1.
  • the predetermined condition for the second state is in that the number of oscillations in the undulated pattern L3 reaches a predetermined number n.
  • the number of peaks in the undulated pattern L3 at which a positive gradient shifts to a negative gradient is counted.
  • the automatic speed-changing control is performed.
  • the detected current value of the motor 1 is fed back to the controller 60, and the controller 60 counts the number of oscillations in the undulated pattern L3.
  • the load applied to the motor 1 can be reduced and the workability can be ensured not only when the detected current value of the motor 1 exceeds the first threshold value L but also when the detected current value is in the overload range between the first threshold L1 and second threshold L2. Further, the number of tasks until the automatic speed-changing control is performed is fixed by the count number. Thus, the reaction force of the tool stably acts on the operator, and the workability is good. Further, in the present embodiment, the oscillation number of the undulated pattern L3 is counted. Thus, the automatic speed-changing control of the actuator 6 is not affected by detection errors in the current value of the motor 1.
  • the predetermined condition of the second state is in that the integrated value obtained by integrating the undulated pattern L3 formed from time T1 with time reaches a predetermined integrated value Q.
  • the controller 60 which receives the fed back detected current value of the motor 1, counts the integrated value.
  • the load applied to the motor 1 can be reduced and the workability can be ensured not only when the detected current value of the motor 1 exceeds the first threshold value L but also when the detected current value is in the overload range between the first threshold L1 and second threshold L2.
  • the number of tasks until the automatic speed-changing control is performed is fixed by the count number (integrated value).
  • the reaction force of the tool stably acts on the operator, and the workability is good.
  • the integrated value of the undulated pattern L3 is counted. This allows for further accurate detection of the load state of the motor 1 in accordance with the fluctuation of the motor current value.
  • the task performed in the high-speed mode can be continued for a longer time than when the motor current value remains slightly lower than the first threshold value L1.
  • the predetermined conditions of the first to third embodiments may be combined and be used as predetermined conditions for the second state.
  • the automatic speed-changing control is performed when the current value of the motor 1 detected by the drive state detector 68 fluctuates between the first threshold L1 and the second threshold L2 thereby forming the undulated pattern L3 and the temperature of the motor 1 reaches a predetermined temperature B, at which the motor 1 would be abnormally heated.
  • a temperature sensor 80 which is shown in Fig. 8 , is arranged in the speed-changing device to detect the temperature of the motor 1.
  • the load applied to the motor 1 can be reduced and the workability can be ensured not only when the detected current value of the motor 1 exceeds the first threshold value L but also when the detected current value is in the overload range between the first threshold L1 and second threshold L2.
  • the temperature of the motor 1 is directly detected to perform the automatic speed-changing control.
  • the load state of the motor 1 can be directly detected, and the automatic speed-changing control of the actuator 6 can be performed with further accuracy. This ensures that the load applied to the motor 1 is reduced.
  • the speed-changing device includes the motor 1, which is used as the drive source, the reduction gear train 2, which reduces the speed of the rotation generated by the motor 1 in accordance with a certain speed reduction ratio and transmits the rotation at the reduced speed, and the speed reduction ratio switching unit 20, which switches the speed reduction ratio.
  • the speed reduction ratio switching unit 20 includes the actuator 6, which switches the speed reduction ratio, the controller 60, which controls the actuator 6, and the drive state detector 68, which detects an index value representing the load torque applied to the motor 1. The controller 60 activates the actuator 6 when the index value exceeds the first threshold value L1.
  • the controller 60 activates the actuator 6 when the index value fluctuates between the first threshold L1 and the second threshold L2, which differs from the first threshold L1, thereby forming the undulated pattern L3 and, at the same time, the undulated pattern L3 satisfies the predetermined condition.
  • the output of the motor 1 is weakened not only when the detected index value of the motor 1 exceeds the first threshold value L but also when the detected index value is between the first threshold L1 and second threshold L2.
  • the speed reduction ratio of the reduction gear train 2 can be switched. This prevents the temperature of the motor 1 from suddenly increasing and thereby ensures workability.
  • the predetermined condition is in that the fixed time ⁇ T elapses from the time point when the stable undulated pattern L3 is formed.
  • the detection of the index value does not have to be continued, and the automatic speed-changing control of the actuator 6 is not affected by detection errors in the index value.
  • the predetermined condition is in that the number of oscillations in the undulated pattern L3 reaches a predetermined number n.
  • the predetermined condition is in that the integrated value obtained by integrating the undulated pattern L3 with time reaches the predetermined integrated value Q.
  • the current value of the motor 1 is preferred as the index value.
  • the load torque applied to the motor 1 can be accurately detected. Further, the accurate detection can be achieved with an inexpensive circuit configuration.
  • the rotation speed of the motor 1 is preferred as the index value.
  • the load torque applied to the motor 1 can be accurately detected without being affected by noise caused by the current detector that detects the current value of the motor 1 like when the index value is the current value of the motor 1.
  • the index value be determined by two or more variables that represent the drive state of the motor.
  • the speed-changing device of the fourth embodiment includes the motor 1, which is used as the drive source, the reduction gear train 2, which reduces the speed of the rotation generated by the motor 1 in accordance with a certain speed reduction ratio and transmits the rotation at the reduced speed, the speed reduction ratio switching unit 20, which switches the speed reduction ratio, and the temperature sensor 80, which detects the temperature of the motor 1.
  • the speed reduction ratio switching unit 20 includes the actuator 6, which switches the speed reduction ratio, the controller 60, which controls the actuator 6, and the drive state detector 68, which detects an index value representing the load torque applied to the motor 1.
  • the controller 60 activates the actuator 6 when the index value exceeds the first threshold value L1.
  • the controller 60 activates the actuator 6 when the index value fluctuates between the first threshold L1 and the second threshold L2, which differs from the first threshold L1, thereby forming the undulated pattern L3 and, at the same time, the temperature of the motor 1 detected by the temperature sensor 80 reaches a predetermined temperature at which the motor 1 would be abnormally heated.
  • the output of the motor 1 is weakened not only when the detected index value of the motor 1 exceeds the first threshold value L but also when the detected index value is between the first threshold L1 and second threshold L2.
  • the temperature of the motor 1 is detected by the temperature sensor 80.
  • the temperature of the motor 1 is directly detected to check whether it has reached a predetermined temperature at which it would be abnormally heated. This obtains high detection accuracy. Accordingly, in the speed-changing device of the fourth embodiment, even when the motor 1 is continuously used in a state in which the detected index value is slightly lower than a predetermined value, the speed reduction ratio of the reduction gear train 2 can be switched. This prevents the temperature of the motor 1 from suddenly increasing and thereby ensures workability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Portable Power Tools In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Dispositif de changement de vitesse comprenant :
    un moteur (1) ;
    un train d'engrenage de réduction (2) qui réduit une vitesse de rotation du moteur (1) selon un rapport de réduction de vitesse et qui transmet la rotation à la vitesse réduite ; et
    une unité de commutation de rapport de réduction de vitesse (20) qui commute le rapport de réduction de vitesse, dans lequel l'unité de commutation de rapport de réduction de vitesse (20) comprend :
    un actionneur (6) qui commute le rapport de réduction de vitesse,
    un contrôleur (60) qui commande l'actionneur, et
    un détecteur d'état d'entraînement (68) qui détecte une valeur d'indice représentant un couple de charge appliqué au moteur (1),
    dans lequel le contrôleur active l'actionneur (6) lorsque la valeur d'indice dépasse une première valeur de seuil (L1),
    le dispositif de changement de vitesse étant caractérisé en ce que
    le contrôleur (60) active l'actionneur (6) lorsque la valeur d'indice fluctue entre le premier seuil (L1) et un deuxième seuil (L2), qui diffère de la première valeur de seuil (L1), formant de ce fait un motif ondulé (L3) qui satisfait à une condition prédéterminée.
  2. Dispositif de changement de vitesse selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la condition prédéterminée consiste en ce qu'un temps prédéterminé s'est écoulé depuis un instant auquel le motif ondulé (L3) s'est formé de manière stable.
  3. Dispositif de changement de vitesse selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la condition prédéterminée consiste en ce qu'un nombre d'oscillations dans le motif ondulé (L3) a atteint un nombre prédéterminé.
  4. Dispositif de changement de vitesse selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la condition prédéterminée consiste en ce qu'une valeur intégrée, qui est obtenue en intégrant le motif ondulé (L3) dans le temps, a atteint une valeur intégrée prédéterminée.
  5. Dispositif de changement de vitesse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la valeur d'indice est une valeur de courant du moteur (1).
  6. Dispositif de changement de vitesse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la valeur d'indice est une vitesse de rotation du moteur (1).
  7. Dispositif de changement de vitesse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la valeur d'indice est déterminée par deux variables ou plus représentant un état d'entraînement du moteur (1).
  8. Dispositif de changement de vitesse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :
    un capteur de température (80) qui détecte la température du moteur (1),
    dans lequel
    le contrôleur (60) active l'actionneur (6) lorsque la valeur d'indice fluctue entre le premier seuil (L1) et un deuxième seuil (L2), qui diffère de la première valeur de seuil, formant de ce fait un motif ondulé (L3) et, en même temps, lorsque la température détectée par le capteur de température (80) atteint une température prédéterminée à laquelle le moteur (1) chaufferait anormalement.
EP20120192002 2011-11-21 2012-11-09 Dispositif de changement de vitesse Active EP2594368B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2011254462A JP2013107170A (ja) 2011-11-21 2011-11-21 変速装置

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2594368A1 EP2594368A1 (fr) 2013-05-22
EP2594368B1 true EP2594368B1 (fr) 2015-04-22

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EP20120192002 Active EP2594368B1 (fr) 2011-11-21 2012-11-09 Dispositif de changement de vitesse

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US (1) US8672807B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2594368B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013107170A (fr)
CN (1) CN103133679B (fr)

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JP5914840B2 (ja) * 2012-05-11 2016-05-11 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 電動工具の自動変速装置
EP2934819B1 (fr) * 2012-12-21 2017-04-26 Atlas Copco Industrial Technique AB Clé à impulsion ayant une caractéristique de démarrage de poussée
DE202014102422U1 (de) * 2013-05-31 2014-08-08 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Elektroleistungswerkzeug
JP6193673B2 (ja) * 2013-08-07 2017-09-06 株式会社マキタ 電動機械器具
WO2015019747A1 (fr) * 2013-08-07 2015-02-12 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Dispositif de frein à friction
DE102015012043A1 (de) * 2015-09-15 2017-03-16 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Inbetriebnahme eines handgeführten Arbeitsgerätes mit einem Elektromotor
JP6350595B2 (ja) * 2016-05-26 2018-07-04 トヨタ自動車株式会社 メータの表示制御装置
CN111788053A (zh) 2018-02-28 2020-10-16 米沃奇电动工具公司 用于电动工具的模拟停滞系统和方法
EP3758894A1 (fr) 2018-02-28 2021-01-06 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Éco-indicateur pour outil électrique
DE102019204071A1 (de) * 2019-03-25 2020-10-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Erkennung eines ersten Betriebszustandes einer Handwerkzeugmaschine

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103133679B (zh) 2015-06-17
US8672807B2 (en) 2014-03-18
CN103133679A (zh) 2013-06-05
JP2013107170A (ja) 2013-06-06
US20140045653A1 (en) 2014-02-13
EP2594368A1 (fr) 2013-05-22

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