EP2586580A1 - Einstellbare Stanze zum Pressen von Keramikprodukten wie Fliesen und dergleichen - Google Patents

Einstellbare Stanze zum Pressen von Keramikprodukten wie Fliesen und dergleichen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2586580A1
EP2586580A1 EP12189410.9A EP12189410A EP2586580A1 EP 2586580 A1 EP2586580 A1 EP 2586580A1 EP 12189410 A EP12189410 A EP 12189410A EP 2586580 A1 EP2586580 A1 EP 2586580A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
seat
base
edges
punch according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12189410.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Paola Martinelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MARTINELLI ETTORE Srl
Original Assignee
MARTINELLI ETTORE Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MARTINELLI ETTORE Srl filed Critical MARTINELLI ETTORE Srl
Publication of EP2586580A1 publication Critical patent/EP2586580A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/34—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials
    • B28B7/346—Manufacture of moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/003—Pressing by means acting upon the material via flexible mould wall parts, e.g. by means of inflatable cores, isostatic presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/001—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a flexible element, e.g. diaphragm, urged by fluid pressure; Isostatic presses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an innovative adaptable punch for pressing ceramic products such as tiles and the like.
  • isostatic punches In the tile production sector, therefore, for some time punches referred to as "isostatic punches" have been known. These punches comprise a plate which supports, on its surface, a rubber layer forming the impression on the rear of the tile. Underneath the rubber layer, the plate has a plurality of chambers (each one of which may receive a sliding piston). All the chambers are filled with oil and connected together by means of suitable ducts.
  • any lack of uniformity in the powders placed inside the mould produces on the pistons different thrusting forces which are distributed by the oil, causing a difference in the height of the overlying rubber layer which thus compensates for the differences in the powder and ensures a uniform density of the powders.
  • the visible surface of the finished tile may have discernible defects such as halos, "voids” (i.e. slight depressions) or reliefs which are produced on the finished side of the tile due to the presence of the isostatic circuit (which, in all its known versions, generates, because of its nature, tiles with non-uniform thicknesses) and consequent "settling" of the tile in the kiln.
  • defects may, for example, be highlighted even further by subsequent processing of the noble surface of the tile such as lapping (following too little or excessive lapping of the areas where greater compensation by the isostatic system has occurred), application of particular types of enamels, etc.
  • the defects due to the use of the isostatic punch are such that use of the isostatic punch must be completely abandoned.
  • isostatic punches have a high cost owing to their greater constructional complexity and require more costly maintenance.
  • WO 2006/095254 and EP 0,620,089 describe punches in which a plate or a grille which moves inside a cavity full of oil is present underneath a flexible rubber layer. These systems have, however, various defects owing to the substantially uncontrollable movement of the plate or the grille, which gives rise to defects in the pressed product, in particular along the edges.
  • the general object of the present invention is to provide a punch which overcomes various problems of isostatic punches, providing characteristics similar to those of a rigid stamp following firing, but which is able to ensure compensation of the pressing defects, advantageously at a cost - in terms of both production and maintenance - less than that of isostatic punches.
  • Figure 1 shows a punch according to the invention, denoted generally by 10, for pressing powders during the production of tiles and the like.
  • Figure 1 does not show the pattern on the pressing surface which imparts the desired impression to the rear of the tile. This pattern is in any case, in its various forms, well-known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the punch is intended to be mounted (as can be easily imagined by the person skilled in the art) in a known mould in a known press, in order to perform pressing of the powders using a method which is substantially known per se.
  • the punch 10 comprises a base 11 (advantageously made of steel) on which a powder pressing surface 12 which is formed by a flexible layer 13 is provided.
  • the flexible layer is composed of vulcanized rubber. Alternatively, it may also consist of resin or other material which is equivalent from a functional point of view.
  • the flexible layer is supported by an underlying plate 14 which is peripherally received in a sealed manner inside a seat 15 formed in the base.
  • the plate as will become clear below, is able to oscillate at least partly on a layer of incompressible fluid (for example oil).
  • the plate is substantially rigid and is made, for example, of steel of suitable thickness.
  • the seat and the plate have advantageously a rectangular shape and preferably form a punch which overall is as large as the tile to be pressed.
  • the adaptable zone is therefore smaller than the entire tile and excludes a perimetral strip.
  • the perimetral edge of the seat 15 has a form and dimensions suitable for withstanding the stresses to which the punch is subject during use thereof and may be optionally provided with one or more grooves of varying shape for increasing cohesion between the steel part of the punch and the layer of flexible material.
  • the edge is shaped with a surface 16 which is inclined towards the seat 15 and which forms an element for peripherally containing the flexible layer 13.
  • the seat 15 has edges 17, close to the edges of the oscillating plate, which project beyond the edges of the plate so as to form an undercut 18 which prevents the plate from coming out of its seat.
  • edges 17 are formed as one piece with the rest of the base (advantageously formed by means of machining from a single block), while the plate is formed by a sheet-like central body 19 and by edge strips or frame elements 20 which are screwed onto this central body, by means of screws 21, advantageously inside a step-like seat inside which a sealing gasket 22 is also seated.
  • the oscillating plate may be formed as one piece and the edges of the seat may be formed as a frame which is applied to the base after positioning of the plate inside the seat.
  • the punch which is denoted generally by 110, comprises a base 111 (advantageously made of steel), provided with the powder pressing surface 112 which is formed by a flexible layer 113 (as described above for the layer 13) supported by an underlying plate 114 which is peripherally seated in a sealed manner inside the seat 115 present in the base.
  • the plate will in this case also be substantially rigid and will oscillate on a layer of incompressible fluid (for example oil).
  • the perimetral edge of the seat 115 is advantageously shaped with an inclined surface 116 for perimetrally containing the flexible layer 113.
  • the seat 115 has side walls which are substantially vertical with respect to the bottom of the seat in order to receive with minimum lateral play the plate 114 via peripheral seals.
  • the side edges of the seat comprise a frame 117 (consisting of one piece or segments) which is fixed to the base by means of screws 121 and which projects above the edges of the plate 114 in order to form the undercut 118 which prevents the plate from coming out of the seat.
  • a seal 121 may be optionally provided in order to ensure tightness between the frame and the base.
  • the height of the undercut groove 18 or 118 formed in the edge of the base is such as to allow suitable play of the sheet which, in the vertical direction, represents the desired travel movement of the oscillating plate. This travel movement may vary from a few tenths of a mm to more than 1 mm, depending on the specific requirements.
  • seals are provided between facing surfaces of the edges of the plate and the projecting edges of the seat, for sealing the incompressible fluid which is introduced into the cavity 33 or 133 created between plate and seat and on which the plate oscillates.
  • the first embodiment has a seal 23 which is arranged between edges of the plate and facing projecting edges of the seat, so as to be preferably between the top surface of the edges of the plate and the facing bottom surface of the undercut.
  • the seal is instead arranged laterally with respect to the edges of the plate so as to run along the facing side walls of the seat.
  • the seal 23 also prevents the entry into the cavity of the resin which is cast on the plate during the rubberizing operation, as will be clarified below.
  • the base comprises advantageously at least one duct 24, 124 which can sealingly closed and which emerges into the seat for introduction of the fluid into the cavity between plate and seat.
  • a further seal 140 is also advantageously provided between the facing surfaces of the edge of the plate 114 and the frame 117 in order to prevent entry, underneath the plate, of the resin or rubber during casting (resin-coating/rubberizing) of the flexible layer on the punch.
  • This seal will be made of material suitably chosen so that it may be easily compressed in such a way as not to prevent correct movement of the plate during normal operation of the punch.
  • the edges of the plate 14, 114 have advantageously a lateral step 25, 125 situated opposite the undercut 18, 118.
  • the step is formed by joining together of the frames 20 with the central part of the plate 14, while in the variant according to Figure 6 it is formed in the thickness of the plate.
  • the material may be advantageously inserted into the cavity which is formed between lateral step 25, 125 and projecting edges 17, 117 of the seat. The flexible layer thus forms gripping projections (41, 141) which are seated inside the cavity.
  • the projecting edge 17, 117 and/or the lateral step 23, 125 may be advantageously provided with grooves 42, 142 for receiving complementary ribs on the gripping projections 41, 141, so as to facilitate firm gripping.
  • travel stop devices 26, 126 are arranged between oscillating plate and base, being distributed over the surface of the plate and fastening the plate to the base with a predetermined play, each so as to limit locally the movement of the plate away from the base.
  • the play of the travel stop devices also corresponds to the desired travel movement of the plate.
  • the travel stop devices may be distributed in a suitable and convenient arrangement so as to obtain a suitable homogeneous distribution of the forces on the plate. For example, they may be distributed as shown in the figures.
  • each travel stop device is formed by a screw 27, 127 which passes through the bottom of the seat in the base and which is screwed into the plate.
  • the head of the screw is preferably received with play in a seat 28, 128 in the base which is sealingly closed by a closing plug or washer 29, 129 which may be provided with a seal.
  • the travel stop device could also be designed so as to be screwed in from the top onto the bottom through the plate. In this case the plug 29, 129 would not be required.
  • the plate (both in the embodiment according to Figures 1-4 and in the variant according to Figures 5 and 6 ) can be inclined in a guided manner depending on the thrust acting on it during pressing of the powders in the press.
  • removable pins 30 for centring the plate in the seat may be present between the bottom of the seat and the facing side of the oscillating plate.
  • These pins are arranged inside suitable seats 31 in the base so as to project into the seat and engage with minimum play in suitable blind holes 32 present in the plate. In this way the plate is perfectly centred during assembly and casting of the flexible layer, as will be clarified below.
  • the pins may then be removed and their seats in the base may be closed with suitable plugs.
  • These pins are advantageously arranged around the periphery of the plate, as can be schematically seen in Figure 1 .
  • the pins 30, if present, are positioned so as to centre the plate 14 in its seat in the base.
  • the adhesive is then applied and casting of the coating with the flexible layer is performed, filling completely the visible cavity formed by the top surface of the plate and by the lateral frame edges 16 of the base. Vulcanization is then performed.
  • the pins are extracted and the corresponding holes are sealingly closed with a plug (if the holes are not required for the following operation of filling with the incompressible fluid, since said holes may replace the ducts 24).
  • the method is substantially similar, except that the frame elements 117 are inserted and screwed in position.
  • the punch is connected to a suitable hydraulic control unit by means of a suitable connection, for the fluid filling operation.
  • the fluid is introduced until the cavity between seat and plate is filled and the plate is brought back into the correct position.
  • a suitable measuring instrument, comparator or the like so as to be able to adjust with precision the position of the plate.
  • the punch thus becomes an adaptable punch, with the flexible surface which is kept substantially entirely coplanar with itself by means of the underlying rigid plate, without the disadvantages of the known isostatic punches with multiple pistons/chambers.
  • the punch Owing to the possibility of rubber-coating the punch with various designs of back pattern (since machining of the steel part is not dependent on the design of the back pattern), the punch is extremely versatile in terms of use.
  • conventional isostatic punches must have an isostatic circuit which coincides with the depressed zones of the back pattern, the position and form of which is therefore limited by these zones.
  • the punch according to the invention is particularly suitable in all those cases where transparency-linked defects do not allow the use of conventional isostatic punches.
  • tiles which must undergo lapping treatment or which must be enamelled using enamels which tend to highlight the superficial imperfections According to the prior art, in such cases it is required to use rigid stamp punches which however result in trapezium errors of between 2 mm and 6 mm, something which per se constitutes a not insignificant defect since it means that production must be divided up according to different sizes.
  • a punch according to the present invention it is in any case possible to reduce substantially these dimensional defects.
  • the compensation provided by the punch described herein it is possible to reduce the trapezium error so as to allow trouble-free machining or ensure uniformity of the grinding operation.
  • the punch described it is possible to ensure always sufficiently uniform squaring dimensions and perpendicularity of the sides of the tile.
  • the travel stop devices may be provided with a form and position different from that shown.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
EP12189410.9A 2011-10-24 2012-10-22 Einstellbare Stanze zum Pressen von Keramikprodukten wie Fliesen und dergleichen Withdrawn EP2586580A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT001917A ITMI20111917A1 (it) 2011-10-24 2011-10-24 Tampone adattativo per la pressatura di prodotti ceramici, quali piastrelle e simili

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2586580A1 true EP2586580A1 (de) 2013-05-01

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EP12189410.9A Withdrawn EP2586580A1 (de) 2011-10-24 2012-10-22 Einstellbare Stanze zum Pressen von Keramikprodukten wie Fliesen und dergleichen

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EP (1) EP2586580A1 (de)
IT (1) ITMI20111917A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20131699A1 (it) * 2013-10-15 2015-04-16 Martinelli Ettore Srl Tampone isostatico di pressatura per la produzione di piastrelle e simili e metodo di realizzazione

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0620089A2 (de) 1993-03-17 1994-10-19 Maris Algeri Verfahren und Form zum isostatischen Pressen, insbesondere zum Herstellen von Keramikfliesen
US5772946A (en) * 1993-11-04 1998-06-30 Nikkiso Company Limited Press-forming apparatus
EP0865888A1 (de) * 1997-03-18 1998-09-23 Annovi S.r.l. Form zum Isostatischen Pressen von Keramikfliesen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
WO2006095254A2 (en) 2005-03-09 2006-09-14 Mira Di Algeri Maris Isostatic pressing means

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0620089A2 (de) 1993-03-17 1994-10-19 Maris Algeri Verfahren und Form zum isostatischen Pressen, insbesondere zum Herstellen von Keramikfliesen
US5772946A (en) * 1993-11-04 1998-06-30 Nikkiso Company Limited Press-forming apparatus
EP0865888A1 (de) * 1997-03-18 1998-09-23 Annovi S.r.l. Form zum Isostatischen Pressen von Keramikfliesen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
WO2006095254A2 (en) 2005-03-09 2006-09-14 Mira Di Algeri Maris Isostatic pressing means

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20131699A1 (it) * 2013-10-15 2015-04-16 Martinelli Ettore Srl Tampone isostatico di pressatura per la produzione di piastrelle e simili e metodo di realizzazione

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Publication number Publication date
ITMI20111917A1 (it) 2013-04-25

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