EP2581466B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de formage - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de formage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2581466B1
EP2581466B1 EP20110185347 EP11185347A EP2581466B1 EP 2581466 B1 EP2581466 B1 EP 2581466B1 EP 20110185347 EP20110185347 EP 20110185347 EP 11185347 A EP11185347 A EP 11185347A EP 2581466 B1 EP2581466 B1 EP 2581466B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet
aluminium sheet
forming
failure
critical
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP20110185347
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2581466A1 (fr
Inventor
Reiner DI Kelsch
Tobias B.Eng. Hägele
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
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Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
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Priority to EP20110185347 priority Critical patent/EP2581466B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a body side wall and a method for producing a molded part from an aluminum alloy aluminum sheet, in which the particular undeformed aluminum sheet is at least partially precooled before his, carried out with a forming forming, in particular deep drawing, wherein the at least partially pre-cooled aluminum sheet for forming is introduced into an at least partially cooled forming tool, wherein at least one pre-cooled, failure-critical sheet metal portion of the aluminum sheet is formed with at least one cooled tool area at such a low temperature that a failure-free shape change to the aluminum sheet is possible.
  • a prior art according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE4307020A1 known.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to improve a method for producing a molded part in such a way that procedurally increased degrees of deformation can be achieved.
  • the process should be inexpensive and easy to use.
  • the invention achieves the stated object by virtue of the fact that the aluminum sheet is precooled at most in regions, wherein the precooled, sheet-metal area that is critical of the critical area is covered by a sheet metal area free of cold treatment.
  • the not pre-cooled sheet metal portion of the aluminum sheet can namely break-relieving during reshaping for the fail-critical sheet metal area by a material Nachhne can adjust from this uncooled sheet metal area in the comparatively strong reshaping and pre-cooled sheet metal area.
  • This material flow is based, in particular, on the fact that this uncooled sheet metal area has a lower strength than is the case in the case of the failure-critical and deeply pre-cooled sheet metal area.
  • the non-pre-cooled sheet metal area therefore acts together with the precooled sheet metal area during the forming process to relieve the failure.
  • Such a discharge can also ensure an increase in the process reliability of the process, whereby any process fluctuations can be safely intercepted. It may prove to be particularly advantageous if the precooled, sheet-metal area that is critical of the critical area is covered with a cold-treatment-free sheet-metal area. The potential of material flow can thus be increased significantly, which also considerable deformation levels can be withstood. In addition, the thinning of the aluminum sheet in the vicinity of its failure-critical Sheet metal area made more uniform, which may be particularly advantageous in the deep drawing process. In addition to increased process reliability of forming an increased dimensional accuracy of the molded part can be met so that the method can stand out particularly compared to the prior art.
  • the aluminum sheet is introduced for forming in an at least partially cooled forming tool, then a temperature drift on the cooled aluminum sheet can be kept comparatively small, if, for example, comes to a contact between aluminum sheet and forming tool. It can therefore also be ensured that at least one precooled, failure-critical sheet metal region of the aluminum sheet is formed with at least one cooled tool region at such a low temperature that a failure-free deformation on the aluminum sheet is possible. Increased degrees of deformation can therefore be achieved by the method according to the invention without the need to set comparatively low temperatures on the entire pre-cooled aluminum sheet. The method can therefore not only allow process-safe, a failure-free forming and so in particular suitable for deep drawing for forming - preferably when a final forming is carried out, in which it is necessary to achieve relatively high degrees of deformation.
  • the method according to the invention is also relatively easy to handle in its application of the tool cooling.
  • a cost-effective and process-reliable method can also be made possible, because in particular due to increased tensile strength and increased elongation at break of the aluminum sheet during forming, high degrees of deformation can be achieved.
  • a failure error may represent a crack on the aluminum sheet, such as a tearing, tearing, etc., wrinkling of the aluminum sheet, and / or the like.
  • the aluminum sheet is below a temperature of -20 degrees Celsius immediately before its forming in at least one of its failure-critical sheet metal areas, then this can already ensure a sufficient increase in the tensile strength and elongation at break, in order to ensure a process-reliable forming.
  • a temperature between -140 and -210 degrees Celsius can turn out to be outstanding in its potential achievable degrees of deformation and significantly improve the process reliability of a thermoforming process.
  • Comparatively high degrees of deformation can be achieved if, during forming, the failure-critical sheet metal area has the lowest temperature on the aluminum sheet.
  • liquid nitrogen can be characterized here as a cost-effective and in its cooling effect reliable coolant, because it allows cooling to -196 degrees Celsius in procedurally simple manner.
  • Increased safety during deep freezing of the aluminum sheet can be achieved, for example, when the aluminum sheet introduced into a cold chamber is sprayed with coolant for precooling.
  • the aluminum sheet held by a loading system in particular by a feeder or by a robot, can be sprayed with coolant for precooling when it is placed in the forming tool. This can lead to short cycle times and thus to a comparatively fast process.
  • the surface of the forming tool during insertion of the aluminum sheet into its receptacle is sprayed with coolant to its at least partially cooling.
  • the process for subsequent application can also be used in existing thermoforming equipment. An advantageous universal usability of the method according to the invention can thus be created.
  • the forming tool during the forming of the aluminum sheet for example by cooling channels, is cooled.
  • a particularly good temperature stability of the forming tool in particular in the case of the failure-critical sheet metal areas on the tool die and / or on the tool punch, can be made possible.
  • the process reliability of the process can be improved.
  • the method according to the invention may be distinguished when the sheet-metal part which is at least partially the door frame area of a molded part formed by a body side wall of a motor vehicle is at least partially pre-cooled on the aluminum sheet.
  • the deep-freezing according to the invention can enable a particularly safe method.
  • the process according to the invention was able to stand out in particular for aluminum sheet of a 5xxx, 6xxx or 7xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the method according to the invention can be distinguished with 6xxx aluminum alloys.
  • Such 6xxx aluminum alloys are often used for an outer skin of a body of a motor vehicle, but can not achieve comparatively high degrees of deformation with known heat treatment processes. Therefore, with the method according to the invention, even a 6xxx aluminum alloy can be reliably subjected to forming with a comparatively high degree of deformation.
  • the invention may also be distinguished from the prior art particularly when the method is used for producing a molded part designed as a body side wall of a motor vehicle - in particular when reshaping failsafe door frame areas.
  • Fig. 1 For example, with reference to an exemplary embodiment, the method sequence for producing a molded part 1 is shown in greater detail.
  • the molded part 1 is formed from an undeformed aluminum sheet 2.
  • the aluminum sheet was previously subjected to a partial shaping.
  • the aluminum sheet 2 can have different aluminum alloys, for example from the group 5xxx, 6xxx or 7xxxx, and / or also an equal sheet metal thickness.
  • this aluminum sheet 2 is partially pre-cooled, as can be seen in the subsequent illustration.
  • a cooling device 3 sprays a coolant 4 onto the surface 5 of the aluminum sheet 2 via nozzles, not shown, so that this sheet metal region 6 has a lower temperature than the rest of the sheet metal area. Liquid nitrogen has proved to be a particularly suitable coolant for this purpose.
  • even more sheet metal areas 6 or sheet metal edge areas with coolant 4 to cool deep but this has not been shown in detail.
  • the pre-cooled aluminum sheet 2 has been introduced into a forming tool 7 for forming.
  • the forming can also represent a final forming, in which usually comparatively high degrees of deformation are required and thus there may be an increased risk of failure.
  • the forming tool 7 may be formed, for example, as a drawing tool.
  • the already partially formed aluminum sheet 2 already spans between the tool die 8 and the tool punch 9.
  • the state of the forming tool 7 shown here is therefore more likely to be associated with the completion of the forming. Especially in this state of the process is usually expected to fail, because at the end of the drawing process often relatively thick sheet metal portions are formed. This includes in particular the failure critical door frame area 14 of a body side wall of a motor vehicle.
  • the invention now proposes that the pre-cooled aluminum sheet 2 is introduced for forming into an at least partially cooled forming tool 7.
  • the tool die 8 and the tool punch 9 are provided with cooling channels 10, which cool at least the failure critical contact areas with the aluminum sheet 2 from room temperature lower. It is therefore ensured that the pre-cooled, failure-critical sheet metal region 6 of the aluminum sheet 2 with at least these cooled tool areas 11, 12 is formed at such a low temperature that, inter alia, the low temperature induced increased tensile strength and the increased elongation at break of the aluminum sheet 2 allow a failure-free forming.
  • the aluminum sheet 2 is at most partially pre-cooled, and only in the illustrated sheet metal region 6.
  • the deep-frozen, critical-critical sheet-metal region 6, for example a frame region 14 for a car door, can draw aluminum material from uncooled sheet metal regions 13 and 15, which have lower strength compared to the sheet metal region 6, so that the fail-critical and actively cooled sheet metal region 6 has a comparatively higher strength level can be relieved.
  • such an increased degree of deformation can be achieved or the process can be made more reliable.
  • a failure-critical sheet-metal region 6 can be relieved if the victim zone 13 and / or 15 comprises the failure-critical sheet-metal region 6.
  • the precooled, failure-critical sheet-metal region 6 is surrounded by or covered by a cold-treatment-free sheet-metal region. This division can, inter alia, by a partial pre-cooling of the aluminum sheet 2, as in Fig. 1 represented, created.
  • the aluminum sheet 2 is moved between the various representations or brought into the relevant position.
  • it has been omitted in the drawings to represent the charging systems or "handling devices" for the aluminum sheet 2.
  • the aluminum sheet 2 held by a loading system in particular by a feeder or by a robot, is sprayed with coolant for precooling when it is placed in the forming tool 7.
  • the design effort for pre-cooling of the aluminum sheet 2 are kept low because, for example, the cooling device 3 together with the charging system can form a handling unit.
  • the aluminum sheet is placed in a space provided for this step, cold chamber and is sprayed there with coolant for precooling.
  • the surface of the forming tool 7 is sprayed during the introduction of the aluminum sheet into its receptacle with coolant.
  • the charging system takes over the loading of the forming tool with coolant. This leads, in particular with regard to an already provided pre-cooling of the aluminum sheet 2 by the charging system, to a constructive simplicity in a device provided for carrying out the method.
  • a molded part 1 can be end-molded from an aluminum sheet 2 of the group of 6xxx aluminum alloys.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b another mold part 16 is shown according to another embodiment.
  • This molded part 16 formed from an aluminum sheet 2 with a 6016 aluminum alloy, has a failure-critical sheet-metal region 6 or failure-critical frame region 14 which can not be produced with conventional or known forming.
  • a conventional or known forming method is used, it comes - as in Fig. 4a clearly visible - to a crack 17 or breaker in this failure-critical Zargen Suite 14.
  • a conventional forming process fails even with a 6016 aluminum alloy with 1.1 mm sheet thickness at a degree of deformation of 20 to 30%.
  • the aluminum sheet 2 is - as already described above - pre-cooled in his fail-critical sheet metal area 6 or fail-critical frame area 14 to -80 degrees Celsius, which place in the Fig. 4b only hinted at the molding 16 has been drawn.
  • the forming tool is cooled to -20 degrees Celsius, so as to reshape the pre-cooled aluminum sheet 2, in particular endumzuformen in this fail-critical sheet metal portion 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce mise en forme (1) à partir d'une tôle d'aluminium (2) contenant un alliage d'aluminium, dans lequel la tôle d'aluminium (2), en particulier non déformée, est préalablement refroidie au moins par zones avant son formage effectué avec un outil de formage (7), en particulier son emboutissage profond, la tôle d'aluminium (2) préalablement refroidie au moins par zones étant introduire dans un outil de formage (7) refroidi au moins par zones, au moins une zone de tôle critique pour les défaillances (6) refroidie au préalable dans la tôle d'aluminium étant mise en forme avec au moins une zone d'outil refroidie (11, 12) à une température suffisamment basse pour permettre un changement de forme sans défaillance de la tôle d'aluminium (2), caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'aluminium (2) est préalablement refroidie au maximum par zones, la zone de tôle critique pour la défaillance (6) préalablement refroidie étant entourée par une zone de tôle non traitée par le froid (15).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'aluminium (2) est à une température inférieure à -20° Celsius immédiatement avant son formage dans au moins une de ses zones de tôle critiques pour la défaillance (6), de préférence à une température comprise entre -140° et -210° Celsius.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que lors du formage, c'est la zone de tôle critique pour la défaillance (6) qui présente la température la plus basse dans la tôle d'aluminium (2).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'aluminium (2) est arrosée d'un produit de refroidissement (4), en particulier d'azote liquide, avant d'être posée dans l'outil de formage (7), afin de refroidir ainsi la tôle d'aluminium (2), en particulier, à -196° Celsius.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'aluminium (2) introduite dans une chambre de refroidissement est arrosée de produit de refroidissement (4) en vue de son refroidissement préalable.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'aluminium (2) retenue par un système de chargement, en particulier par un convoyeur ou par un robot, est arrosée avec du produit de refroidissement (4) en vue de son refroidissement préalable lors de son introduction dans l'outil de formage (7).
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la surface de l'outil de formage (7) est arrosée avec du produit de refroidissement (4) pendant l'introduction de la tôle d'aluminium (2) dans son réceptacle afin de le refroidir au moins par zones.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'outil de formage (7) est refroidi pendant le formage de la tôle d'aluminium (2), par exemple par des canaux de refroidissement (10).
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la partie de la tôle d'aluminium (2) qui est refroidie est celle qui correspond au moins en partie à la zone du cadre de porte (14) d'une pièce mise en forme (2) formée par une paroi latérale de carrosserie d'un véhicule à moteur.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'aluminium (2) contient un alliage d'aluminium 5xxx, 6xxx ou 7xxx, de préférence un alliage d'aluminium 6xxx.
  11. Utilisation d'un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10 pour fabriquer une pièce mise en forme (2) conformée comme une partie paroi latérale de carrosserie d'un véhicule à moteur.
EP20110185347 2011-10-14 2011-10-14 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de formage Active EP2581466B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20110185347 EP2581466B1 (fr) 2011-10-14 2011-10-14 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de formage

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20110185347 EP2581466B1 (fr) 2011-10-14 2011-10-14 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de formage

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EP2581466A1 EP2581466A1 (fr) 2013-04-17
EP2581466B1 true EP2581466B1 (fr) 2015-04-01

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022160457A1 (fr) * 2021-01-29 2022-08-04 山东省科学院新材料研究所 Processus de renforcement de traitement thermique destiné à l'alliage coule d'aluminium et de de magnésium et application de celui-ci

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3020491A1 (fr) 2014-11-14 2016-05-18 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de formage des tôles en aluminium
CN107866491A (zh) * 2017-12-06 2018-04-03 哈尔滨工业大学 一种铝合金板类构件冷冻成形方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4083220A (en) * 1975-04-21 1978-04-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Sub-zero temperature plastic working process for metal
SE7702015L (sv) * 1976-03-31 1977-10-01 Union Carbide Corp Sett att kryogent forma en metallplat av en metall med ytcentrerat kubiskt rumdgitter till ett alster av onskad kontfiguration
JPS62166028A (ja) * 1986-01-17 1987-07-22 Hitachi Ltd アルミ合金管の極小ｒ曲げ加工方法
CA2091035A1 (fr) * 1992-03-06 1993-09-07 Yoshio Okamoto Methode d'estampage de tole d'aluminium ou d'alliage d'aluminium
US7434439B2 (en) * 2005-10-14 2008-10-14 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Cryofluid assisted forming method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022160457A1 (fr) * 2021-01-29 2022-08-04 山东省科学院新材料研究所 Processus de renforcement de traitement thermique destiné à l'alliage coule d'aluminium et de de magnésium et application de celui-ci

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