EP2567763B1 - Outil de formage doté de forages de canal de refroidissement ramifiés à l'intérieur des éléments d'outil - Google Patents

Outil de formage doté de forages de canal de refroidissement ramifiés à l'intérieur des éléments d'outil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2567763B1
EP2567763B1 EP20110180166 EP11180166A EP2567763B1 EP 2567763 B1 EP2567763 B1 EP 2567763B1 EP 20110180166 EP20110180166 EP 20110180166 EP 11180166 A EP11180166 A EP 11180166A EP 2567763 B1 EP2567763 B1 EP 2567763B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling duct
branches
tool
forming
cooling
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EP20110180166
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2567763A1 (fr
Inventor
Nicolas Domange
Dr. Jens Overrath
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Gestamp Umformtechnik GmbH
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Gestamp Umformtechnik GmbH
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Priority to ES11180166T priority Critical patent/ES2458932T3/es
Priority to EP20110180166 priority patent/EP2567763B1/fr
Publication of EP2567763A1 publication Critical patent/EP2567763A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mold for hot forming metal sheet, in particular press hardening of sheet metal, with a plurality of adjoining, a mold surface defining tool parts, wherein the mold surface is complementary to at least a portion of a produced by hot forming sheet metal part, and wherein the tool parts have cooling channels in the form of holes that extend along the molding surface.
  • sheet steel blanks are heated to austenitizing temperature in a heat treatment apparatus, then hot-laid in a mold (press tool) and formed. Still clamped in the mold, the sheet metal parts are hardened by cooling the mold.
  • the simultaneous forming and cooling of the hot steel blanks after austenitization results in a martensitic microstructure in the end product which gives the component a yield strength and a tensile strength above 1000 MPa and 1500 MPa, respectively.
  • the steel sheets used in this case are usually boron-alloyed steel grades, for example steel grade 22MnB5. Press-hardened sheet steel parts are characterized by a high to very high strength with a relatively low component weight.
  • molds for press hardening of steel sheets are known, the punch and die are each formed from an outer part defining the mold surface and a complementary inner part (insert), wherein at least one of the cooling surfaces of the outer part and the inner part in at least one of the mutually facing surfaces Circulation of coolant is formed, by milling and / or during the casting of the outer part or inner part (see. DE 10 2007 047 314 A1 ).
  • the production of the complementary adjacent outer and inner parts of such molds is very expensive, in particular, the leak-free sealing of running in the region of the dividing surface between the outer and inner part of the cooling channel is difficult.
  • the punch and die are each composed of a plurality of disc-shaped, interconnected tool parts, wherein the adjacent surfaces of the tool parts of the punch or the die respectively transversely to the longitudinal axis of the mold or produced therein by hot forming Sheet metal components run.
  • the disk-shaped tool parts of the punch or the die in this case each have mutually connected sections of drilled distribution or collection channels for cooling liquid, wherein in the adjacent surfaces of the tool parts cooling channels are milled, which branch off from the distribution or collection channels and contour parallel to the molding surface of the respective disc-shaped tool part.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a mold (pressing tool), which offers a high and uniform cooling performance over a large mold surface and can be produced relatively cheap.
  • the mold according to the invention is made up of a plurality of abutting tool parts defining a mold surface, the mold surface being complementary to at least a portion of a sheet metal forming component to be hot worked, and wherein the tool parts have cooling channels in the form of bores extending along the mold surface.
  • the tool parts each have at least one cooling channel branched into at least two cooling channel branches within the tool part, wherein the diverging or converging bore axes of the cooling channel branches extend along the molding surface.
  • cooling channels as holes is advantageous in terms of manufacturing technology. Because the holes can be produced relatively inexpensively and are so far reliably sealed due to their radial distance from the mold surface of the tool parts. In addition, the mutually associated bore ends of the adjoining tool parts can be connected leak-free in a relatively simple manner. Due to the branching of the drilled cooling channels within the workpiece parts, it is possible on the one hand to better adapt the course of the cooling channels to the contour of the forming surface or of the sheet metal component to be produced. On the other hand, it is possible by the cooling channel arrangement according to the invention to minimize the subdivision of the molding tool into adjoining tool parts.
  • the inventive design and arrangement of the cooling channels a very high flow velocity of the cooling liquid in the cooling channels and a relatively uniform velocity distribution over the adjacent cooling channels, so that there is a correspondingly high and uniform cooling capacity based on the molding surface of the mold.
  • Such tailored tempering (“tailored tempering") can be achieved, for example, by differently dimensioned cooling channels or cooling channel bore diameter.
  • the tool parts of the molding tool according to the invention may have one or more drilled cooling channels branched within the tool part.
  • the branched cooling channel may also have multiple branches, i. have more than two cooling duct branches, wherein the cooling channel branches of the respective tool part can all end on one of the two connecting surfaces of the tool part, or can also end partly on one of the two connecting surfaces and the rest on the other of the two connecting surfaces.
  • the drilled cooling channel branches of the respective tool part each define a passage which originates from or terminates at the associated branched cooling channel.
  • the longitudinal central axes of the cooling channel branches provided in the respective tool part include an acute angle - or, if more than two drilled cooling channel branches, possibly several acute angles - a.
  • the measure of the acute angle is preferably in the range of 5 ° to 45 °, particularly preferably in the range of 5 ° to 30 °.
  • the tool parts of the molding tool according to the invention can also comprise tool parts without cooling channels and tool parts with one or more non-branched cooling channels.
  • tool parts without cooling channels and tool parts with one or more non-branched cooling channels.
  • the sum of the clear cross-sectional areas of the at least two cooling duct branches in the range of 1.0 times to 1.3 times, preferably in the range of 1.0 times to 1.2 times the clear cross-sectional area of the branching cooling channel.
  • the diameter of the branching cooling channel can be 12 mm, while two cooling channel branches branching off from the cooling channel each have a diameter of 9 mm.
  • the sum of the clear cross-sectional areas of the two cooling channel branches is in this case about 127.2 mm 2 , while the branching cooling channel has a clear cross-sectional area of about 113.1 mm 2 .
  • the shortest radial distance of the respective cooling channel branch of the forming surface is equal to the shortest radial distance of another of the at least two cooling channel branches or of the same by not more than 20 %, preferably not more than 10%.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the molding tool according to the invention provides in this context that the shortest distance of the respective branching cooling channel from the molding surface is equal to the shortest distance of one of the at least two cooling duct branches is or differs from it by not more than 20%, preferably not more than 10%.
  • the shortest radial distance of the respective cooling channel branch and / or the branching cooling channel from the molding surface of the tool part in the range of 0.5 to 1.2 times the diameter of the respective cooling channel branch or branching Cooling channel is located.
  • a further embodiment of the forming tool according to the invention accordingly provides that at least one of the cooling duct branches of one of the tool parts communicates with a cooling duct of the next tool part, which branches into at least two further cooling duct branches within this next tool part, wherein the bore axes of these further cooling duct branches run along the Extend molding surface.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the molding tool according to the invention is characterized in that the die has at least one movable bottom part.
  • the die has at least one movable bottom part.
  • a particularly reliable leak-free sealing on the mutually facing abutting surfaces of the adjoining tool parts can be achieved according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in that the interconnected cooling channels and / or cooling channel branches of adjacent tool parts are provided with annular recesses for receiving a seal.
  • the seal is preferably formed from a sleeve-shaped insert, in whose lateral surface at least two axially spaced annular grooves are formed, in which rubber-elastic sealing rings are arranged.
  • the molding tool (pressing tool) is constructed from a punch 1 and a die 2.
  • the punch 1 is arranged within a machine frame 5, are mounted on the upper side holder 6 for holding the shaped sheet metal blank 7.
  • the die 2 has a movable bottom part 2.1, which is arranged between lateral tool parts (blocks) 2.2, 2.3 of the die. In the open position of the molding tool, the movable bottom part 2.1 protrudes with its molding surface facing the stamp 1 opposite the molding surfaces of the lateral tool parts 2.2, 2.3 of the die.
  • the movable bottom part 2.1 serves as a counter-pressure element for the punch 1 and thus optimizes by clamping the sheet metal blank whose positional fixation during the forming process.
  • the tool parts (blocks) 2.2, 2.3 are releasably connected to a serving as a support base part (substructure) 2.4 of the die 2.
  • the blocks 2.2, 2.3 and the bottom part 2.1 of the die 2 and the stamp 1 have cooling channels 8, 9, 10, is passed through the cooling liquid, for example, cold water, for rapid cooling of the previously heated in a heat treatment plant austenitizing temperature sheet steel plate 7.
  • the board holder 6 contained in the illustrated embodiment, no cooling channels. However, it is possible that in a mold according to the invention optionally also board holder 6 are used with integrated cooling channels.
  • a die 2 of a molding tool according to the invention is shown in plan view, by means of which from a sheet steel plate 7, an elongate molding member 7 'can be produced.
  • the sheet metal forming component 7 ' is an in Fig. 5 illustrated B-pillar of a motor vehicle body.
  • the cross-sectional profile of the component 7 ' changes over its length. It has a trough-shaped bulge 7.1, which widens gradually from the upper connection region 7.2 to the middle longitudinal section 7.3.
  • the flanks 7.11, 7.12 of the bulge 7.1 extend from top to bottom in sections, relatively straight.
  • the flanks 7.11, 7.12 merge into mutually opposite inclined surfaces 7.4, 7.5, which delimit a constriction 7.9 of the channel-shaped bulge 7.1.
  • the flanks 7.11, 7.12 of the bulge 7.1 extend substantially parallel to one another until they finally diverge towards the lower end 7.6 of the column.
  • the outside of the bulge 7.1 comprises two substantially planar surface areas 7.7, 7.8, which meet in the area of the constriction 7.9 at an obtuse angle.
  • the flanks 7.11, 7.12 of the channel-shaped bulge 7.1 of the component 7 ' were formed by the forming surfaces of the lateral tool parts (blocks) 2.2, 2.3 and the substantially planar surface areas by shaping surfaces of the movable bottom part 2.1 of the die 2.
  • the movable bottom part 2.1 of the die is designed in two parts, wherein the one movable part 2.11 is assigned to the upper outer side region 7.7 and the other movable part 2.12 to the lower outer side region 7.8 of the bulge 7.1.
  • movable floor parts 2.11, 2.12 of the die 2 are each a plurality of juxtaposed tool parts (blocks) 2.21, 2.22, 2.23, 2.24, 2.25, 2.31, 2.32, 2.33, 2.34 arranged, with the serving as a support base part 2.4 of the die. 2 are detachably connected.
  • the releasable connection is preferably made of screw.
  • the tool parts 2.21, 2.22, 2.23, 2.24, 2.25, 2.31, 2.32, 2.33, 2.34 and the movable floor parts 2.11, 2.12 have bores designed as bores cooling channels 8, 9, which extend along the mold surface (see. Fig. 1 ).
  • Fig. 6 is the arrangement of the cooling channels of the die 2 of Fig. 4 shown without the die, wherein for clarification of the mold surfaces of the die 2 adapted course of the drilled cooling channels 8, 9 additionally the contour of the mold component (B-pillar) 7 'according to Fig. 5 drawn in dash-dotted lines.
  • centering mandrels of the mold are referred to penetrate the holes of the component 7 ', which were punched out of the metal plate 7 before the hot forming or press hardening.
  • a plurality of the blocks 2.23, 2.24, 2.32, 2.33 of the mold in each case at least one drilled cooling channel 9.1, which is branched within the block 2.23, 2.24, 2.32 and 2.33 in two drilleddekanalzweige 9.2, 9.3, wherein the bore axes of the cooling duct branches 9.2, 9.3 extend substantially contour parallel to the adjacent molding surface of the die.
  • the cooling channel branches 9.2, 9.3 are connected to the cooling channel 9.1 continuously connected holes.
  • the cooling channel 9.1 and the branching off Cooling duct branches 9.2, 9.3 form a Y-shaped or fork-shaped cooling duct arrangement within the block 2.23, 2.24, 2.32 and 2.33, respectively.
  • the bore diameters are for example 9 mm, 12 mm and 16 mm.
  • a bored 16 mm diameter cooling duct is then divided, for example, into two drilled ducts, each having the same diameter of 12 mm, while a 12 mm diameter bored duct 9.1 is divided into two drilled ducts 9.2, 9.3 each have a diameter of 9 mm.
  • the cooling fluid flowing through the cooling channel 9.1 in the direction of the cooling channel branches 9.2, 9.3, typically cooling water, is subdivided into partial streams onto the cooling channel branches 9.2, 9.3.
  • the partial flows of the cooling fluid flowing through the cooling duct branches 9.2, 9.3 are brought together in the cooling duct 9.1.
  • the bore axes of the outgoing from the drilled cooling channel 9.1 or merged on the cooling channel 9.1dekanalzweige 9.2, 9.3 of the respective tool part include an acute angle ⁇ , which may for example be in the range of 5 ° to 45 ° (see. Fig. 7 ).
  • the angle enclosed by the bore axes of the cooling channel branches 9.2, 9.3 of the respective tool part is in the range of 5 ° to 30 °.
  • the number of both sides of the movable floor parts 2.11, 2.12 of the die 2 arranged tool parts (blocks) 2.21, 2.22, 2.23, 2.24, 2.25, 2.31, 2.32, 2.33, 2.34 is of the shape of the manufactured component 7 ', in particular the number of Constraints 7.9 and / or widening of the Component 7 'dependent.
  • the bore axes of the cooling channels 9, 9.1 or cooling channel branches 9.2, 9.3 follow the contour of the female mold surface or the stamp surface.
  • the illustrated arrangement of the cooling channels 8, 9, 9.1, 10 and cooling channel branches 9.2, 9.3 within the stamp 1 or the blocks 2.21, 2.22, 2.23, 2.24, 2.25, 2.31, 2.32, 2.33, 2.34 and movable floor parts 2.11, 2.12 of Die 2 is a rapid uniform cooling of the component 7 'and thus achieved a uniform hardening during press hardening.
  • FIG. 7 shows block-shaped tool part 2.24 has in addition to a drilled, within the tool part 2.24 in two cooling channel branches 9.2, 9.3 divided cooling channel 9.1 to another cooling channel 9, which is unbranched and extending from the one connection surface 2.241 to the opposite connection surface 2.242.
  • the drilled cooling channels 9, 9.1 and cooling channel branches 9.2, 9.3 run contour-parallel to the molding surface 11 of the tool part 2.24.
  • Fig. 8 illustrated that the drilled cooling channels 9.4, 9.5 and cooling channel branches 9.2, 9.3 of the die of the mold according to the invention, even if they have different diameters d 1 , d 2 and d 3 , however, each approximately at the same distance b 1 , b 2 and b 3 are arranged to form surface, the latter being represented here by the profile of the manufactured component 7 '.
  • FIG. 9 Finally, an embodiment for a sealing, permeable to the coolant flow connection of the drilled cooling channels 9, 9.1 and cooling duct branches 9.2, 9.3 shown (see. Fig. 7 ).
  • the interconnected cooling channels 9, 9.1 or cooling duct branches 9.2, 9.3 of the juxtaposed tool parts 2.21, 2.22, 2.23, 2.24, 2.25, 2.31, 2.32, 2.33, 2.34 are provided with annular recesses 14, 15 for receiving a seal.
  • the seal is formed from a sleeve-shaped insert 16, in whose lateral surface at least two axially spaced annular grooves 17 are formed, in which rubber-elastic sealing rings 18 are arranged.
  • the sleeve-shaped insert 16 is for example made of plastic or metal, preferably made of steel. It has substantially the same inner diameter as the holes 16 connected by the insert 16.
  • the length of the sleeve-shaped insert 16 is greater than the bore diameter of the connected cooling channels 9, 9.1 or cooling channel branches 9.3.
  • the length of the insert 16 is dimensioned with respect to the recesses 14, 15 so that between the end faces of the insert 16 and the faces of the recesses 14, 15 faces at least on one side a clearance (gap) is present.
  • the game S is for example in the range of 1 to 4 mm, preferably 1 to 2 mm. In the Fig.
  • a stamp 1 of the molding tool according to the invention is shown. It can be seen that a plurality of tool parts 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15, 1.16 are mounted to one another on a stamp substructure 1.2.
  • the tool parts 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15, 1.16 of the punch 1 have according to the tool parts 2.23, 2.24 of the die 2 drilled cooling channels, which extend along the molding surface, wherein at least two of the tool parts 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15, 1.16 in turn each have at least one within the tool part in at least two cooling channel branches 9.2, 9.3 branching cooling channel 9.1, and wherein the bore axes of the cooling channel branches 9.2, 9.3 extend along the molding surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Outil de formage pour la déformation à chaud de tôle métallique, notamment le durcissement sous pression de tôle métallique, avec plusieurs parties d'outil juxtaposées (2.21, 2.22, 2.23, 2.24, 2.25, 2.31, 2.32, 2.33, 2.34) définissant une surface de formage, dans lequel la surface de formage est réalisée de manière complémentaire à au moins une section d'un composant de formage de tôle (7') à fabriquer par déformation à chaud et dans lequel les parties d'outil (2.21, 2.22, 2.23, 2.24, 2.25, 2.31, 2.32, 2.33, 2.34) présentent des canaux de refroidissement (9, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3) sous la forme d'alésages qui s'étendent le long de la surface de formage, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux des parties d'outil (2.23, 2.24) présentent chacune au moins un canal de refroidissement (9.1) se ramifiant à l'intérieur de la partie d'outil (2.23, 2.24) en au moins deux branches de canal de refroidissement (9.2, 9.3), dans lequel les axes d'alésage des branches de canal de refroidissement (9.2, 9.3) s'étendent le long de la surface de formage (11).
  2. Outil de formage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la somme des surfaces de section transversale intérieures des l'au moins deux branches de canal de refroidissement (9.2, 9.3) se situe dans la région de 1,0 à 1,3 fois, de préférence dans la région de 1,0 à 1,2 fois la surface de section transversale intérieure du canal de refroidissement se ramifiant (9.1).
  3. Outil de formage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'écart radial le plus court de la branche de canal de refroidissement respective (9.2) de la surface de formage (11) est égal à l'écart radial le plus court d'une autre (9.3) des l'au moins deux branches de canal de refroidissement (9.2, 9.3) ou diffère de celui-ci de pas plus de 20 %, de préférence pas plus de 10 %.
  4. Outil de formage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'écart radial le plus court du canal de refroidissement respectif se ramifiant (9, 9.1) de la surface de formage (11, 12) est égal à l'écart radial le plus court d'une des l'au moins deux branches de canal de refroidissement (9.2, 9.3) ou diffère de celui-ci de pas plus de 20 %, de préférence pas plus de 10 %.
  5. Outil de formage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'écart radial le plus court de la branche de canal de refroidissement respective (9.2, 9.3) et/ou du canal de refroidissement se ramifiant (9.1) de la surface de formage (11, 12) de la partie d'outil (2.24) se situe dans la région de 0,5 à 1,2 fois le diamètre de la branche de canal de refroidissement respective (9.2, 9.3) ou du canal de refroidissement se ramifiant (9.1).
  6. Outil de formage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une des branches de canal de refroidissement d'une des parties d'outil (2.21, 2.22, 2.23, 2.24, 2.25, 2.31, 2.32, 2.33, 2.34) est connectée à un canal de refroidissement de la partie d'outil suivante qui se ramifie à l'intérieur de cette partie d'outil suivante en au moins deux autres branches de canal de refroidissement, dans lequel les axes d'alésage de ces autres branches de canal de refroidissement s'étendent le long de la surface de formage.
  7. Outil de formage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les canaux de refroidissement (8, 9, 9.1, 10) et/ou branches de canal de refroidissement (9.2, 9.3) connecté(e)s des parties d'outil juxtaposées (2.23, 2.24) sont pourvu(e)s d'évidements annulaires (14, 15) pour la réception d'un joint (16, 18).
  8. Outil de formage selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le joint est formé d'une garniture en forme de manchon (16) dans la surface d'enveloppe de laquelle au moins deux rainures annulaires (17) écartées axialement sont réalisées dans lesquelles des anneaux d'étanchéité (18) élastiques comme du caoutchouc sont disposés.
  9. Outil de formage selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que le joint (16, 18) autorise une capacité de déplacement axiale et/ou radiale des parties d'outil juxtaposées (2.23, 2.24).
  10. Outil de formage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une matrice (2) qui présente au moins une partie de fond mobile (2.1 ; 2.11, 2.12).
  11. Outil de formage selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux des parties d'outil (2.23, 2.24, 2.32, 2.33) qui présentent chacune au moins un canal de refroidissement (9.1) se ramifiant à l'intérieur de la partie d'outil en au moins deux branches de canal de refroidissement (9.2, 9.3) sont reliées de manière amovible à une partie de base (2.4) servant de support de la matrice (2).
  12. Outil de formage selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étampe (1), dans lequel au moins deux des parties d'outil (1.11, 1.12,1.13, 1.14, 1.15, 1.16) qui présentent chacune au moins un canal de refroidissement se ramifiant à l'intérieur de la partie d'outil en au moins deux branches de canal de refroidissement sont reliées de manière amovible à une partie de base (1.2) servant de support de l'étampe (1).
EP20110180166 2011-09-06 2011-09-06 Outil de formage doté de forages de canal de refroidissement ramifiés à l'intérieur des éléments d'outil Active EP2567763B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES11180166T ES2458932T3 (es) 2011-09-06 2011-09-06 Herramienta de conformación con taladros de canal de refrigeración ramificados dentro de partes de herramienta
EP20110180166 EP2567763B1 (fr) 2011-09-06 2011-09-06 Outil de formage doté de forages de canal de refroidissement ramifiés à l'intérieur des éléments d'outil

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20110180166 EP2567763B1 (fr) 2011-09-06 2011-09-06 Outil de formage doté de forages de canal de refroidissement ramifiés à l'intérieur des éléments d'outil

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2567763A1 EP2567763A1 (fr) 2013-03-13
EP2567763B1 true EP2567763B1 (fr) 2014-03-05

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3110574B1 (fr) * 2014-02-24 2019-11-27 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Outil de façonnage pour le formage d'une pièce, et procédé pour agencer un dispositif de thermorégulation sur un outil de façonnage

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2842753B1 (fr) 2002-07-26 2005-03-11 Financ D Etudes Et De Dev Ind Procede de realisation d'un outil destine au formage d'une matiere et outil susceptible d'etre realise par ce procede
DE102007047314B4 (de) 2007-10-02 2015-12-31 Hfs Hotforming Solutions Gmbh Presswerkzeug zum Warmumformen oder/und Presshärten von Werkstücken aus Blech

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EP2567763A1 (fr) 2013-03-13
ES2458932T8 (es) 2014-05-26

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