EP2564479B1 - Funkenstrecke - Google Patents

Funkenstrecke Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2564479B1
EP2564479B1 EP10718554.8A EP10718554A EP2564479B1 EP 2564479 B1 EP2564479 B1 EP 2564479B1 EP 10718554 A EP10718554 A EP 10718554A EP 2564479 B1 EP2564479 B1 EP 2564479B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
current
spark gap
electrodes
cap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10718554.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2564479A1 (de
Inventor
Michael SÖDER
Dennie Lange
Jörg OCHS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2564479A1 publication Critical patent/EP2564479A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2564479B1 publication Critical patent/EP2564479B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/14—Arcing horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spark gap for providing an overvoltage protection with an electrode arrangement, which has mutually facing electrodes.
  • Spark gaps are used in the field of electrical energy transmission and distribution, for example in series compensation systems.
  • series compensation systems are generally used for reactive power compensation in AC networks and fall under the concept of so-called Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS).
  • FACTS Flexible AC Transmission Systems
  • a capacitor bank is usually connected in series in an alternating voltage line, wherein protective Ableiterbänke are arranged parallel to the capacitor bank.
  • the spark gap serves to protect both the capacitor and arrester banks. It can be ignited very quickly in comparison with a mechanical circuit breaker, so that overvoltages at the arrester and capacitor banks can be avoided.
  • Known spark gaps have at least one electrode arrangement of opposing electrodes whose spacing or distances is set so that the spark gap below a certain voltage does not penetrate by itself, so that an active ignition of the spark gap is possible.
  • the ignition of the spark gap causes the formation of an arc between the electrodes. After the formation of the arc, a circuit breaker arranged parallel to the spark gap is closed and the arc is thus extinguished.
  • the spark gap has a short Deionisationszeit so that it quickly reaches its dielectric strength after extinction of the arc. If the said dielectric strength has stopped, the parallel circuit breaker can be opened again. The spark gap is then ready for use again.
  • the arc is initially created at a location with the smallest electrode spacing. For a short deionization time, it is beneficial that the arc leaves this place of the shortest distance as quickly as possible. It is also known that an arc is drivable by forces of magnetic fields caused by the current flowing through the electrode assembly and the arc. It is also known that a moving conductor loop through which a current flows attempts to enlarge, since the magnetic field generated by the current is denser inside the loop than outside. The current determines the strength of the magnetic field and thus the amount of the magnetic force driving the arc. The direction of said magnetic force is determined by the current path.
  • electrode assemblies of this type are housed in at least one spark gap housing to protect the electrodes against harmful environmental influences.
  • an arrester which has two electrodes facing each other.
  • the electrodes are arranged in an insulating body made of ceramic and have on their mutually facing surface in each case an axisymmetric recess which is filled with a highly active electrode activation mass.
  • the electrode activation composition is, for example, a potassium halide or a barium / aluminum alloy.
  • the US 4,553,063 discloses an electrode for a spark gap.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a spark gap of the type mentioned, in which a formed arc leaves the place of the smallest electrode gap as quickly as possible and thereby increases.
  • the invention solves this problem in that the electrodes have at least partially current path limiting means for forcing a desired current path in the electrodes. Furthermore, the electrodes have electrode arms which extend on a common spark-burning side of the electrode arrangement.
  • the electrodes of the spark gap has current path limiting means for limiting or defining a desired current path in the electrodes themselves.
  • the invention is based on the idea that a current path, which runs very close to the arc, unfolds a much greater force on the arc as farther away current paths, which are provided for example by the design of the leads and can not be arranged arbitrarily close to the arc creation site for reasons of voltage resistance to be maintained.
  • the spark gap according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for high voltages.
  • the spark gap it is also possible for the spark gap to have a plurality of electrode arrangements which are connected in series with one another. A desired current path is achieved when a current flowing over the said current path generates a magnetic field which drives the arc out of the place of its formation in order to enlarge.
  • the current path limiting means limit recesses in the interior of the electrode. Due to the recesses in the interior of the electrode, the spark current is forced to flow around said recesses.
  • the current path limiting means form limiting sections of the recesses in which the current path is formed. The boundary sections are designed such that the desired current path is formed in the immediate vicinity of the arc.
  • the current flowing over the current path then generates a magnetic field which drives the arc out of the place of its formation, that is to say from the location of the smallest electrode spacing, whereby the arc increases in size with a short deionization time.
  • the current path limiting means comprise a current path limiting pin and / or a current path limiting plate, each of which has an electrical conductivity which differs from that of the remaining material of the respective associated longitudinal electrode.
  • the current path limiting pin makes it possible to limit the current path in the electrode to a specific region or to concentrate it in a region of the longitudinal electrode, said region itself being, according to a variant, the current path limiting pin itself, namely if it has a higher conductivity than the electrode material, in which this extends.
  • the current path limiting pin is made of an insulating material, which conducts a current worse than the surrounding electrode material.
  • the current is forced to flow around the current path limiting pin and spread in the remaining area of the electrodes.
  • the current path limiting plate is expediently made of a material which has a lower conductivity than the remaining material of the electrode in which it is arranged.
  • each longitudinal electrode has a metallic electrode base and an electrode cap, which is made of a cap material, the lower one has electrical conductivity as the base material of the electrode cap.
  • the electrode cap is made of graphite.
  • the electrode cap is mushroom cap-shaped and forms a hemispherical screen portion and a connected to the screen portion handle portion.
  • Umbrella portion and stem portion define internal cavities, which may also be referred to as recesses. As already explained above, the internal cavities or recesses force the current to propagate in the stem portion or shield portion, thereby forcing a certain convenient current path.
  • a current path limiting plate is arranged between the electrode cap and the electrode cap, wherein a current path limiting pin extends through the current path limiting plate in the stem portion, the current path limiting plate and the current path limiting pin are each made of a material having a different conductivity than the material of the electrode cap and / or the material of the electrode cap.
  • the electrode arrangement expediently has two longitudinal electrodes facing one another in a longitudinal direction and a lateral electrode offset in the transverse direction for actively igniting the spark gap, wherein the current path limiting pin extends in the longitudinal direction and has a higher conductivity than the material of the electrode cap and the current path limiting plate.
  • no side electrode is provided.
  • the spark gap has two or more electrode assemblies connected in series.
  • Each electrode arrangement of this series circuit has in each case two longitudinal electrodes.
  • the longitudinal electrodes which are connected to one another in series connection are at a common medium voltage potential during operation of the spark gap.
  • Each electrode arrangement of this series connection is usually arranged in a separate housing.
  • this expediently has the said side electrode, which is arranged offset in the transverse direction with respect to the longitudinal electrodes.
  • the longitudinal electrodes expediently have an electrode pin which extends in the longitudinal direction and has a higher conductivity than the material of the electrode cap and of the current path limiting plate.
  • the Strompffadbegrenzungs protrudes with one end into the hemispherical screen portion and flows from there to the side of the foot of the initial arc, which forms laterally of the longitudinal direction on the longitudinal electrode because of the side electrode.
  • the current path limiting plate separates the electrode cap from the electrode cap so that there is no direct contact between the electrode cap and the electrode cap to form a current path. In this way, parasitic current paths are prevented.
  • the current exits the longitudinal current path limiting pin it flows laterally through the electrode cap to the base of the arc on the longitudinal electrode. Therefore, the current path spans an angle with respect to the exit point which differs greatly from 180 ° and varies, for example, between 10 ° and 90 °.
  • a conductor loop is formed by the existing of the arc and the cap portion portion of the current path, which tends to diverge due to magnetic forces, with the result that the arc from the initial location, ie the location of the smallest distance of the longitudinal electrode to the side electrode, is driven out.
  • the longitudinally extending electrode pin and the current path limiting plate are made of an electrically non-conductive insulating material, the current path limiting plate separating the electrode cap from the electrode cap only on a part of the surface.
  • the separation region is arranged on the spark-burning side of the respective longitudinal electrode. The remaining area represents the education of the Currents available.
  • no laterally offset side electrode is provided, so that the arc initially forms between the longitudinal electrodes in the longitudinal direction.
  • the current is forced to flow laterally on the supply side over the hemispherical shield portion of the electrode cap to the arc root, again at an angle
  • the deflection point is spanned at the arc root of the current path, which varies between 130 ° and 10 °.
  • a conductor loop is formed through the portion of the current path, whereby the arc is driven from the initial electrode burn site into the electrode arms.
  • the electrodes have electrode arms which extend on a common spark-burning side of the electrode arrangement.
  • the electrode arms of the longitudinal electrode and optionally the electrode arm of the side electrode are advantageously arranged in a common plane. If the electrode arrangement has a side electrode, this is expediently also arranged in the plane which is spanned by the electrode arms of the longitudinal electrodes.
  • the electrode arms of the longitudinal electrodes run apart under increasing their distance from each other to its free end. According to this advantageous manner, the mutual distance of the electrode arms increases towards the free end.
  • One from the electrode assembly Arcing driven by magnetic forces thus migrates to the location of the greatest distance at the free end of the electrode arms with a further shortened deionization time in the wake.
  • the electrical leads for longitudinal electrodes of the electrode assembly of the spark gap are both arranged together on the same side, which is referred to here as the feed side and the spark burning side opposite.
  • the supply lines advantageously extend substantially transversely to an arc forming in the electrode arrangement. Due to the common arrangement of the electrical leads on the supply side of the respective electrode assembly and the simultaneous alignment in the said transverse direction, a magnetic field is generated which drives a resulting arc at the electrode assembly from the location of the smallest distance between the electrodes in the electrode arms, which at the the supply side facing away spark ignition side of the electrode assembly are arranged.
  • At least one reserving electrode is provided which is at the same potential as one of the longitudinal electrodes, each reserving electrode being positioned with respect to the free ends of the electrode arms so that an arc burning between the electrode arms will jump over to the reserving electrodes.
  • the electrode arrangement according to the invention for protection against environmental influences in at least one housing is arranged, which must not be arbitrarily large for reasons of space.
  • the housing is, for example, a metallic housing, wherein the housing walls are at an electrical potential and for the Arc can also represent an electrode.
  • An over-spreading arc could thus reach the housing and damage it due to its high heat.
  • the uncontrolled formation of an arc is disadvantageous.
  • at least one reservation electrode is provided, which expediently lies at a high-voltage potential, on which one of the longitudinal electrodes is also located.
  • the arc is thrown from the Reservierelektrode back on the electrode arms of the electrode assembly or on another reservation electrode.
  • the arc is therefore driven out of the electrode chamber into the electrode arms, from the end of which the arc then passes to the at least one reservation electrode. This thus intercepts the arc optionally with the assistance of a further reservation electrode, before it jumps over to the housing wall.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the inventive spark gap 1, which has an electrode assembly 2 with a first longitudinal electrode 3 and a second longitudinal electrode 4.
  • the electrode assembly 2 is connected in series to a further electrode arrangement, which is not shown figuratively.
  • each electrode assembly 2 is arranged in a separate housing.
  • Two longitudinal electrodes of the series circuit are at operation of the spark gap 1 at an intermediate voltage potential.
  • the longitudinal electrode 3 is at a high voltage potential and the longitudinal electrode 4 at the intermediate voltage potential.
  • each longitudinal electrode 3 or 4 has an electrode base 5 and an electrode cap 6.
  • the longitudinal electrodes 3 and 4 are opposite in a longitudinal direction.
  • each longitudinal electrode 3, 4 further includes an electrode pin 7 extending in said longitudinal direction as a current path limiting pin made of copper.
  • the electrode base 5 is made of aluminum, wherein the electrode cap 6 consists of graphite. Also is in FIG. 1 recognizable that electrical leads 8 and 9 extend transversely to the said longitudinal direction on a common supply side of the electrode assembly 2 and are connected to the electrode base 5 of the respective longitudinal electrode 3 and 4 respectively.
  • each electrode arm 10, 11 is connected to the electrode base 5 of the respectively associated longitudinal electrode 3 and 4 respectively.
  • the leads 8, 9 of the electrode base 5 and the electrode arms 10,11 are each made of aluminum and are all in a common plane.
  • a Abbrennabêt 12 and 13 is formed, which consists of a material having a high heat resistance, so that a burning there arc causes minimal damage.
  • an initial arc 14 is schematically illustrated, which arises at the point with the smallest distance between the longitudinal electrodes 3 and 4.
  • a current path 15 is shown, and the direction of current flow is shown by arrows.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the spark gap according to the invention 1, but each longitudinal electrode 3 or 4 current path limiting means, which are formed by the electrode pin 7, a partially arranged between the electrode cap 5 and electrode cap 6 Stromflrawbegrenzungsplatte 24 and a convenient geometric configuration of the electrode caps 6.
  • the electrode caps 6 are each designed mushroom cap-shaped and have an inner elongate pin portion 16 and a screen portion 17 which is formed hemispherical.
  • the pin portion 16 and the shield portion 17 define internal cavities 18, which may also be referred to as a recess.
  • the electrode pin 7 here consists of an electrically non-conductive insulating material.
  • the current path limiting plate 24 has a much lower electrical conductivity than the electrode cap 5 and electrode cap 6.
  • the current path limiting plate 24 is disposed only on the spark burning side between the electrode cap 6 and the electrode base 5 and prevents direct contact of said components only on this page.
  • the current path 15 is therefore formed due to the inferior in comparison to the graphite of the shield section 17 electrical conductivity of the electrode pin 7 and the current path limiting plate 24 on the supply side in the screen section 17 and goes from there into the arc 14 and from there back into the screen section 17 of the longitudinal electrode 4 a.
  • the current path therefore spans an angle, which in the exemplary embodiment shown should be about 130 °.
  • FIG. 3 shows the longitudinal electrode 4 of the spark gap 1 according to FIG. 2 in a plan view, but with the electrode cap 6 has been removed.
  • the current path limiting plate 24 in the embodiment shown consists only of a circular segment, and therefore the electrode base 5 is not completely covered, but only partially and arranged on the spark burning side, in other words, the electrode arms 10,11 facing. Therefore, direct contact between the electrode base 5 and the electrode cap 6 is provided on the supply side.
  • the current path limiting plate can be designed in two segments and have here on the supply side a good conductive circular segment for the formation of the current path.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the spark gap 1 according to the invention, wherein the electrode assembly 2 as the embodiment according to FIG. 4 again, the longitudinal electrodes 3 and 4 and a side electrode 20 has.
  • the current path limiting means of the electrode assembly 2 are realized by the current path limiting plate 24, the electrode pin 7 extending in the longitudinal direction through the current path limiting plate 24 and by the mushroom-cap-shaped configuration of the electrode cap 6.
  • each electrode pin 7 made of copper so compared to the aluminum of the electrode cap 5, the graphite electrode cap 6 and the material of the current path limiting plate 24 better conductive material, so that the current path 15 first in the aluminum of the electrical supply line 8, the aluminum of the electrode cap 5 and the electrode pin 7 made of copper in the longitudinal direction, then laterally to form a first deflection point in the hemispherical screen section 17 and at the exit point 19 to form a further deflection angularly into the arc 14 to flow.
  • Correspondingly large angle changes in the vicinity of the arc are established at the longitudinal electrode 4. Due to these large changes in angle, approximately one conductor loop is formed in each case, as a result of which the arc is driven into the electrode arms 10, 11 particularly quickly and also at larger electrode spacings.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the spark gap 1 according to the invention, wherein in addition to the electrode assembly 2, a reservation electrode 23 is provided.
  • the reservation electrode 23 is arranged with respect to the electrode arms 10 and 11, respectively, such that an arc accelerated by the magnetic fields formed according to the invention is driven into the electrode arms 10, 11 and finally collected in a controlled manner by the reservation electrode 23.
  • Arc curves shown at different times the indices increase with increasing burning time of the arc 14.
  • the initial arc is again provided with the reference numeral 14. It arises at the location of the smallest distance between the longitudinal electrodes 3 and 4, respectively.
  • the arc 14 is driven out of the electrode area and migrates as can be seen from the courses 14 2 , 14 3 , 14 4 and 14 5 to the free end 12 or 13 of the electrode arms 10 and 11.
  • the arc bulges from the reference to the reference 14 5 referenced course to the course 14 6 continues and finally burns - as is illustrated with the course 14 7 - between the reservation electrode 23 and the electrode 11th the longitudinal electrode 4.
  • the reservation electrode 23 is at the same potential as the longitudinal electrode 3.
  • the current waveform changes, since the spark current - as in FIG. 5 indicated by arrows - now flows over the Reservierelektrode.
  • Course 14 9 indicates that an interplay between reversing electrode 23 and electrode arm 10 is established.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the spark gap according to the invention 1, wherein the electrode arms 10, 11 but no longer parallel to each other - as shown in Figure 5 - but their distance from one another to their free ends increase.
  • two reserve electrodes 23 are provided, which are also arranged so with respect to the free ends of the electrode arms 10 and 11, that the arc 14 is collected.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
EP10718554.8A 2010-04-28 2010-04-28 Funkenstrecke Active EP2564479B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2010/055724 WO2011134508A1 (de) 2010-04-28 2010-04-28 Funkenstrecke

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2564479A1 EP2564479A1 (de) 2013-03-06
EP2564479B1 true EP2564479B1 (de) 2015-07-29

Family

ID=43306546

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10718554.8A Active EP2564479B1 (de) 2010-04-28 2010-04-28 Funkenstrecke

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9118168B2 (ru)
EP (1) EP2564479B1 (ru)
KR (1) KR101427021B1 (ru)
CN (2) CN102934303B (ru)
RU (1) RU2548035C2 (ru)
WO (1) WO2011134508A1 (ru)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2564479B1 (de) * 2010-04-28 2015-07-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Funkenstrecke
WO2014130552A1 (en) 2013-02-20 2014-08-28 Emprimus, Llc Overvoltage protection for power systems
CN113396517B (zh) 2018-09-28 2024-08-20 科技持有有限责任公司 通过变压器中性点闭锁系统和触发断相的电网保护
RU191784U1 (ru) * 2019-04-15 2019-08-21 Алексей Васильевич Петров Искровой промежуток для цепи защиты опор контактной сети
US11664653B2 (en) 2020-05-22 2023-05-30 Techhold, Llc Overvoltage protection assembly

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4672259A (en) * 1985-10-23 1987-06-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Power spark gap assembly for high current conduction with improved sparkover level control

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3207663A1 (de) * 1982-03-03 1983-09-08 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Ueberspannungsableiter mit einem gasgefuellten gehaeuse
DE3233584A1 (de) * 1982-09-10 1984-03-15 G. Rau GmbH & Co, 7530 Pforzheim Elektrode fuer eine elektrische entladungsstrecke und herstellungsverfahren hierzu
DE3835921C2 (de) * 1988-10-18 1996-10-02 Siemens Ag Überspannungsableiter mit Luftfunkenstrecke
DE19741658A1 (de) * 1997-09-16 1999-03-18 Siemens Ag Gasgefüllte Entladungsstrecke
DE50109436D1 (de) * 2001-05-20 2006-05-18 Ernst Slamecka Synthetische Schaltleistungsprüfschaltung für Hochspannungswechselstrom-Leistungsschalter
JP2008176950A (ja) * 2007-01-16 2008-07-31 Toshiba Corp 送電用避雷装置
EP2564479B1 (de) * 2010-04-28 2015-07-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Funkenstrecke

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4672259A (en) * 1985-10-23 1987-06-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Power spark gap assembly for high current conduction with improved sparkover level control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2012150810A (ru) 2014-06-10
EP2564479A1 (de) 2013-03-06
US20130038977A1 (en) 2013-02-14
RU2548035C2 (ru) 2015-04-10
CN102934303A (zh) 2013-02-13
KR101427021B1 (ko) 2014-08-05
KR20130001732A (ko) 2013-01-04
WO2011134508A1 (de) 2011-11-03
CN102934303B (zh) 2015-11-25
US9118168B2 (en) 2015-08-25
CN201887330U (zh) 2011-06-29

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