EP2564118A2 - Procédé et dispositif destinés au contrôle de la température de la vapeur dans une chaudière - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif destinés au contrôle de la température de la vapeur dans une chaudière

Info

Publication number
EP2564118A2
EP2564118A2 EP11718698A EP11718698A EP2564118A2 EP 2564118 A2 EP2564118 A2 EP 2564118A2 EP 11718698 A EP11718698 A EP 11718698A EP 11718698 A EP11718698 A EP 11718698A EP 2564118 A2 EP2564118 A2 EP 2564118A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
boiler
heat
temperature
sootblowers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11718698A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2564118B1 (fr
Inventor
Karlheinz Hertweck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2564118A2 publication Critical patent/EP2564118A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2564118B1 publication Critical patent/EP2564118B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G15/00—Details
    • F28G15/003—Control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/56—Boiler cleaning control devices, e.g. for ascertaining proper duration of boiler blow-down
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G1/00—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances
    • F28G1/16—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances using jets of fluid for removing debris
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G9/00—Cleaning by flushing or washing, e.g. with chemical solvents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0402—Cleaning, repairing, or assembling
    • Y10T137/0419—Fluid cleaning or flushing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature of steam in a boiler and to a corresponding device
  • a fossil-fired steam generator or boiler of a power plant usually consists of a combustion chamber, an evaporator chamber and a system of heat exchangers that connect to the evaporator chamber.
  • the boiler structures such as drum or Benson boiler.
  • the evaporator chamber consists of a tube arrangement which is in direct thermal contact with the combustion chamber.
  • the feedwater pumped from a feedwater pre-heater is evaporated to the saturated steam temperature.
  • the steam is then fed through the system, also of generally tube-like out ⁇ led heat exchangers, in which the steam temperatures are brought to the required by the turbine inlet temperatures.
  • the system is constructed of varnishtau ⁇ shear from at least one superheater, reheater, economizer and air preheater.
  • soot blowing is performed in a conventional manner is always in front of the background to eliminate the contamination of the boiler possible glo ⁇ bal.
  • carbon black is blown cyclically, wherein the order of the soot blower is adjusted accordingly manually the thermal state of the boiler or in accordance often blown so that no uncontrollable thermal states arise.
  • sootblowing time is calculated according to economic criteria and contamination analyzes.
  • the Siemens system SPPA-P3000 "cost-effective sootblowing" also works according to these criteria, but the pollution and the resulting heat loss are difficult to detect be construed to groups of up to four sootblowers fauxge- adjacent sootblowers. each group is Abla ⁇ delay characteristic responsible for a range of similar.
  • each sootblower is given a weighting factor which corresponds to a percentage of the total number of Rußblasezyklen in which the soot blower in Each sootblower cycle begins with the group of sootblowers located furthest upstream and continues in the direction of the flow of combustion gases
  • the main criterion after which sootblowing is carried out is to increase the boiler at or near near maximum efficiency operate child Criterion is the least possible use of carbon black ⁇ vapor bubble.
  • Displacements of the heat transfer can be partially compensated by an injection control of existing between the heat exchangers steam coolers. In principle, however, only water can be cooled by injection of water into the live steam and only a limited injection quantity can be used. Of particular note is the negative influence of the reheater injection on the heat requirement and the maximum possible output of the steam turbine generator process. Heat demand changes by 0.2% per change by 1% reheater injection rate.
  • the distribution of heat transfer between evaporator and superheater can vary as far as ben, that on the one hand the existing injection capacity is no longer sufficient to keep the steam temperature below a gewünsch th or safety-related value. On the other hand, it can happen that the steam, even with closed injection, the required temperature value is no longer reached.
  • the heat balance within the boiler can also be influenced by the combustion itself. So is the distribution of heat transfer between
  • the live steam injection can only be kept within the control range with selective level Befeue ⁇ tion, which is not always possible. Hardly, however, in this way, the reheater injection rate is sufficient to control. Emerging thermal imbalances are compensated by appropriate safety distances; the optimal temperatures are below this on average, which sometimes leads to increased heat demand of the process or let go to control the steam temperature necessary hot steam injection to zero.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to utilize the contamination, which up to now has been an unpredictable factor in the heat balance and severely limited the thermal controllability of the boiler, in a positive sense by controlling it by means of sootblower devices on the heat exchanger surfaces within the boiler is adjusted and controlled by this adjustment of the heat transfer to these surfaces, the steam temperatures. Sootblowing takes place incrementally.
  • the thermal properties of incremental carbon black blowing can be controlled by varying the operating times of individual sootblowers or individual sootblower groups. Since the sootblower devices are already are the power plant available, therefore no additional measurement instrumentation on ⁇ or machine means is required for steam temperature control. This can save costs.
  • the adjustment of the contamination is always done while ensuring a balanced overall heat balance within the boiler.
  • the entire ver ⁇ drive technical process is optimized beneficial. This is achieved, for example, by cleaning evaporator surfaces and superheater surfaces in such a way that the heat output to evaporator and superheater is distributed so that, taking into account the limited capacity of the steam coolers, on the one hand the steam setpoint temperatures are always reached and, on the other hand, the permissible limit values are not reached be crossed, be exceeded, be passed.
  • Multi-stranded boiler areas should be cleaned in such a way that temperature differences of the steam after division in the heat exchangers at the location of the subsequent consolidation are avoided. Basically, a minimum cleaning of the individual boiler areas should always be guaranteed and as clean recognized boiler areas should not be cleaned unnecessarily. Only in this way can a high efficiency of the whole process be guaranteed.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: Subgroups of sootblowers are formed which purify, if possible, individually identifiable and balancing parts of the boiler.
  • the injection rate of the live steam and the inlet and outlet temperatures of the superheater must be taken into account.
  • the injection rate of the reheater steam must be taken into account, with the intention of minimizing it.
  • the loss of exhaust gas must be taken into account.
  • the degree of contamination is determined by comparison with previously recorded in a clean state heat transfer coefficient, the effect of relative boiler load is taken into account by a partially linear regres ⁇ sion.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that here the states "dirty” or "clean” are detected for the first time.
  • theticianüber- plays transfer coefficient on a surface considered a decisive ⁇ role.
  • the heat transfer coefficient is determined from the Wär ⁇ mebilanz of steam and flue gas.
  • the sootblowing advantageously becomes part of the thermal boiler control and supports it. Sootblowing takes place completely automatically, taking into account stable and optimum thermal conditions for the boiler. Even incorrectly dimensioned heat exchanger can be corrected by the inventive controllable Verschmut ⁇ Zung. So-called thermal imbalances of the boiler indentations are automatically compensated. Cleaning-related temperature fluctuations are minimized. The thermal conditions with renewed relative cleanliness are automatically recorded and stored as a measure of the future contamination.
  • Selected for the next use of a cleaning cycle are one or a few sootblowers of a subgroup of sootblowers according to the criterion of the maximum operating time between a cleaning and the next cleaning, whereby a predefinable minimum cycle is ensured for each subgroup.
  • Repeated cleaning of still clean areas is prevented by monitoring the average operating time and taking into account the current soiling.
  • the exhaust loss of the boiler can be influenced by the modes ⁇ fication of Rußblasezyklen.
  • the current exhaust gas loss is automatically detected at renewed relative cleanliness of rele ⁇ vant heat exchanger and stored as a measure of a future increase in the exhaust gas loss.
  • 3a shows a profile of the steam temperature in a conventional Rußblasealgorithm
  • 3b shows a profile of the steam temperature according to an embodiment of the invention Rußblaseal- ergormus
  • Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an arrangement for carrying out the Rußblasealgorithmus invention
  • FIG. 1 shows in a greatly simplified form a steam generator.
  • a fossil solid fuel for example coal dust
  • the resulting flue gas RG is passed through the flue gas duct RGK for flue gas cleaning RGR.
  • the evaporation of supplied feedwater SPW takes place in the tube systems of the evaporator chamber and the sautau ⁇ shear.
  • the system is constructed in such a way that the feed water from the feed water tank 1 is supplied to the feed water preheating 2 (ECO).
  • the superheater Ü can also include a reheater ZÜ.
  • the steam temperature is controlled and regulated by means of the sootblower device a certain contamination of the heat exchanger surfaces is set within the boiler.
  • the contamination on the heat exchanger surfaces is determined as follows: Pollution is here to be seen as a synonym for losses in the heat transfer between the combustion chamber / flue gas side and the water / steam side of a boiler.
  • FIG. 2 serves to clarify the determination of the degrees of contamination or heat exchanger losses. Shown is simply a pipe section, wherein steam D flows through the interior of the pipe with a certain mass flow mD and pressure pD. Is the Tempe ⁇ TDein temperature at the inlet of the tube and at the outlet opening of the tube, the temperature TDaus is measured.
  • the pipe is surrounded by flue gas RG with the mass flow mRG and pressure pRG. Again, temperatures TRGein and TRGaus at the points of inlet and outlet openings of the tube can be determined.
  • the heat absorption of the heat exchanger tube can thus be determined by means of the water / steam-soapy variables flow, pressure and inlet / outlet temperature.
  • the flue gas side, the measurement of the mass flow and the input and output sides tempera ⁇ ren is useful, with missing temperatures and lack of flue gas mass flow can be calculated also accounting terms.
  • the heat output of the heat exchanger is newly determined for the clean condition suitable for a short mean Rußblasezyklus and the boiler model used entspre ⁇ accordingly adapted. Changes in the heat transfer behavior caused by permanent deposit formation or by changes in coal quality or operating conditions are automatically compensated in this way.
  • the heat absorbed during the further operation of the plant is then always determined up-to-date. This value is compared with the off ⁇ output value of the clean condition.
  • the specific steam output q (or the heat transfer coefficient) is determined from the steam output Q and the difference between flue gas and steam temperature ⁇ , cf. Fig.2. This is compared with its initial value in the clean state q_s. This results in the equivalent characteristic values:
  • the invention will be clarified with reference to FIG.
  • the example shows the flue gas temperature T as a function of the time t.
  • the flue gas temperature is inversely proportional to the steam temperature.
  • FIG. 3a shows a conventional sootblowing cycle during a travel time t R.
  • a travel time t R is defined as the operating time between a cleaning and the next cleaning for a sootblower or a subset of sootblowers.
  • Rußblasor process R which here 6 Rußblvessern
  • FIG. 3b an incremental quasi-continuous operation of the sootblowers is carried out in FIG. 3b.
  • a number of "smaller" sootblowing operations are now carried out by means of the individual sootblowers R 1 to R 6 after a shorter period of time
  • the travel time t R remains the same for each individual sootblower in this embodiment
  • Rußblä ⁇ ⁇ ser Rl begins at time tl
  • Rusbläser R2 at time t2, etc.
  • Associated with this time distribution of the Rußblä- sens is also a spatial distribution within the technical ⁇ rule system, since the soot blowers are so attached at different locations.
  • sootblower control can be advantageously integrated into the temperature control of the boiler. There is always an automatic activation of individual Rußbläser under consideration process conditions. Finally, the invention allows a very delicate control of steam temperatures in both time and place within the boiler and in the heat exchanger area.
  • FIG. 4 two strands of ST1 and ST2 are sketchy a heat exchanger ⁇ , for example, of the reheater ⁇ represents Darge. Due to the different soot deposits RAI and RA2 on the pipe systems of the individual strands, there is a thermal imbalance, ie at the outlet of the two parallel strands are different temperatures Tl and T2. Sootblowing is now to be carried out where the steam temperature is too low compared to.
  • FIG. 5 an embodiment of a Steue ⁇ tion a Rußbläservorraumraum is illustrated in a block diagram of an example.
  • the overall system of soot blowers stacker cranes is connected to single ⁇ NEN Rußbläser weakness RBG1 to RBGN and controls according to the inventive Rußblasealgorithmus.
  • all the units are connected to a monitoring logic unit, which in turn depends on a software comprising a program optimization ⁇ approximately OP according to any one of the claims.
  • single sootblower or subgroups of soot blowers RBG1 formed to RBGN the total clean a ⁇ individually identifiable heat exchanger and are divided so that a single purification changed only slightly the overall thermal ⁇ transfer of the heat exchanger.
  • the contamination of the single heat exchanger is controlled so that in stationary operation of the boiler, the heat absorption of the individual regions can be controlled in the fine range by detecting the thermal conditions and the travel time of each single blower or any sub-group and by an automatic ⁇ specific cycle control.
  • Control variables of the method according to the invention are the times at which the individual sootblowers or subgroups are activated. From this it is possible to determine both the travel times of the individual sootblowers and the average of the sootblower groups which are assigned to a specific heat exchanger.
  • Input variables of the method are the sensor data of the temperatures of the steam and flue gas (see FIG. 2), de ⁇ ren mass flows, and injection rates of cooling water in live steam and superheated steam. From these variables, heat balances, heat transfer coefficients and thus the contamination of the individual boiler areas are determined.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif correspondant destinés au contrôle de la température de la vapeur dans une chaudière d'un générateur de vapeur. Selon l'invention, des dispositifs de soufflage de suie à fonctionnement incrémentiel permettent de stopper un encrassement graduel de surfaces d'échangeur thermique à l'intérieur de la chaudière. Le transfert thermique sur les surfaces d'échangeur thermique étant influencé de manière ciblée, les températures de la vapeur peuvent être contrôlées et régulées.
EP11718698.1A 2010-04-29 2011-04-29 Procédé et dispositif destinés au contrôle de la température de la vapeur dans une chaudière Active EP2564118B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010018717 2010-04-29
PCT/EP2011/056853 WO2011135081A2 (fr) 2010-04-29 2011-04-29 Procédé et dispositif destinés au contrôle de la température de la vapeur dans une chaudière

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2564118A2 true EP2564118A2 (fr) 2013-03-06
EP2564118B1 EP2564118B1 (fr) 2016-06-01

Family

ID=44626265

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11718698.1A Active EP2564118B1 (fr) 2010-04-29 2011-04-29 Procédé et dispositif destinés au contrôle de la température de la vapeur dans une chaudière

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20130192541A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2564118B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103328887B (fr)
WO (1) WO2011135081A2 (fr)

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DE102011108327A1 (de) * 2011-07-25 2013-01-31 Clyde Bergemann Gmbh Maschinen- Und Apparatebau Verfahren zur Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades einer Verbrennungsanlage, insbesondere eines Müllverbrennungs- oder Biomassekraftwerkes
FR3021103B1 (fr) * 2014-05-13 2016-05-06 Renault Sa Procede de detection de perte de performance d'un echangeur thermique de circuit de refroidissement
CN105069185A (zh) * 2015-07-14 2015-11-18 东南大学 一种利用烟气压差法建立空预器清洁因子计算模型的方法及应用
CN108303888B (zh) * 2018-02-07 2020-11-03 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 一种电站锅炉主蒸汽温度减温喷水控制方法及系统
CN108506921B (zh) * 2018-04-25 2024-04-30 西安西热节能技术有限公司 一种电站锅炉的中高压工业供汽系统及方法
US20210341140A1 (en) * 2020-05-01 2021-11-04 International Paper Company System and methods for controlling operation of a recovery boiler to reduce fouling
CN113378394B (zh) * 2021-06-19 2023-04-18 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司中南电力试验研究院 一种基于古尔维奇热平衡的智能吹灰算法
CN114111437A (zh) * 2021-10-26 2022-03-01 湖南永杉锂业有限公司 一种换热器结垢处理系统及其控制方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103328887A (zh) 2013-09-25
WO2011135081A2 (fr) 2011-11-03
WO2011135081A3 (fr) 2013-11-28
US20130192541A1 (en) 2013-08-01
EP2564118B1 (fr) 2016-06-01
CN103328887B (zh) 2016-04-20

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