Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/20—Bulkheads or similar walls made of prefabricated parts and concrete, including reinforced concrete, in situ

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of special works in the soil. It relates more particularly to a diaphragm wall, as well as to a method for producing such a diaphragm wall.
• the molded wall according to the invention, and the corresponding production method, are particularly suitable for the construction of platforms, car parks, metro stations, tunnels, and more generally any structure in which the cladding of the wall is necessary.
• Molded walls in the soil have been well known for a long time.
• An excavation of elongated shape, of width and depth equal to those of the wall that one wishes to obtain, is first formed in the ground.
• the stability of the trench during the drilling operation is obtained by filling the excavation with a liquid called "sludge", usually based on bentonite.
• This mud forms on the walls of the excavation a tight deposit which allows it not to percolate in the ground and to prevent the walls from collapsing.
• a reinforcement cage is put in place, then the excavation is gradually filled with concrete using a dip tube, starting below the mud in the bottom of the excavation.
• the prefabricated walls offer an interesting alternative to the diaphragm walls.
• the wall when access to the wall is impossible or dangerous, it is not possible to intervene on the diaphragm wall, after earthwork, to ensure the finish.
• Prefabricated walls well known since the early 1970s, are a solution to this problem. According to the known methods, an excavation is carried out in the soil in the same manner as previously described for the diaphragm walls. The prefabricated panels were then lowered into the excavation, previously filled with drilling bentonite mud. A levitation device supported on guide walls allows the maintenance in place of prefabricated panels.
• prefabricated walls have a level of finish such that they can in some cases constitute the final facing of the structure. No heavy finishing work is therefore necessary to obtain a satisfactory visual appearance on the visible part of the wall.
• prefabricated walls have drawbacks that prevent their implementation in certain types of structures and in particular large structures. Indeed, there is currently no convenient way to join two prefabricated panels. The dimensions of the prefabricated panels are therefore limited by the capacity of the means of transport and lifting means, and they can be used with difficulty on high-rise structures. Moreover, given the weight of the panels, reinforcement of the concrete at anchorages can require a very dense and very complex reinforcement.
• the present invention therefore relates to a wall that can be adapted to structures of large dimensions, resistant, and having, after execution, a sufficiently satisfactory visual appearance so that subsequent interventions of finishing are not essential.
• the subject of the invention is a process for producing a molded wall, characterized in that it comprises at least the following succession of steps:
• an L-shaped reinforcement cage is positioned in the excavation having a first portion of width adapted to the width of the excavation and intended to be positioned parallel to the bottom of the excavation and a second part of smaller width to that of said first portion intended to be leaned against the longitudinal wall of the excavation located on the opposite side to the area to be cleared, so that a free space is maintained between said second portion and the longitudinal wall of said excavation located on the side of the area to be cleared and,
• the method according to the invention combines the technique of the molded wall and that of the prefabricated wall.
• the molded wall thus obtained consists of a prefabricated facing, which covers part of one of its longitudinal faces, and a concreted part in situ, of general L-shaped profile, encasing the reinforcement cage, thus possibly waiting frames of prefabricated siding.
• This diaphragm wall thus benefits from the advantages of these two techniques. Executed conventionally by elementary panels, alternating or successive, it can be implemented over very long lengths.
• the prefabricated facing on one of the faces of the wall because of the presence of prefabricated facing on one of the faces of the wall, a visible portion having the required visual appearance can be obtained from the execution of the wall, without the need for a subsequent heavy intervention. In some cases, it is also possible that in addition to its aesthetic function, the prefabricated element also takes up some of the forces exerted on the structure.
• the positioning of the reinforcement cage inside the excavation does not need to be performed with great precision.
• the prefabricated facade (s) be (are) properly positioned (s) and, where appropriate, aligned with each other.
• the reinforcement cage is therefore first lowered into the excavation (in a single section or in successive sections, as will be described in more detail below), and then, once the cage is positioned at the interior of the excavation, the prefabricated facing is lowered, separately, in the space preserved between the least wide part of the cage (ie the second part) and the longitudinal wall of the excavation located on the side of the zone to clear.
• the positioning of the reinforcement cage inside the excavation is facilitated, particularly when the cage has a height and a high weight.
• the facing, originally independent of the reinforcement cage, is more manageable, and can thus be positioned more easily in the trench.
• two guide webs materializing the desired implantation for the diaphragm wall are made in the soil to be excavated.
• the excavation is then carried out vertically between these two guide walls.
• the guide wall located on the side of the area to be cleared is generally removed after concreting of the molded wall.
• the reinforcing cage and the facing are introduced into the excavation in the following manner: the cage is introduced into the excavation by supporting it with gripping loops provided on its upper part. It is temporarily stabilized in position in the excavation by means of bars passed in these handles and taking support transversely on the guide walls. Then we resume the maintenance of the reinforcement cage by means of a shaped rudder to clear the free space for the introduction of said prefabricated facing. Finally, the bars are removed, and the prefabricated facing is introduced into the free space of the excavation.
• the surface of the prefabricated facing intended to be oriented towards the zone to be cleared of a protection is coated before positioning the prefabricated facing in the excavation. This protection can be removed after clearing. It avoids the smearing of the visible face of the prefabricated facing, in particular by avoiding that concrete bypass comes to adhere to it.
• the lower part of the prefabricated facing is beveled lengthwise, and the prefabricated facing is positioned in the excavation so that the bevelled portion is oriented towards the inside of the molded wall.
• This arrangement allows the concrete to flow more easily at the lower part of the prefabricated facing, and thus avoid poor contact between the concrete and the prefabricated facing in this area.
• the concrete tends to push the facing against the wall guide, towards the area to clear and not to the inside of the excavation. The probability that the siding deviates is, therefore, limited.
• the prefabricated facing comprises reinforcing bars on its lower end face and when the prefabricated facing is positioned in the excavation, these waiting frames are mixed with the reinforcements of the first part. of the reinforcement cage. This prevents a separation between the facing and the concrete portion of the molded wall.
• a formwork element is positioned at at least one end of the excavation, before concreting.
• the shuttering element may comprise, on its face facing the inside of the excavation, a groove extending over a height at least equal to the height of the molded wall and in which is inserted a sealing tongue making protruding outwards. In this way, the portion of the tongue that protrudes outward is caught in the concrete during concreting.
• waiting armatures protrude from the upper face of the molded wall after concreting.
• the prefabricated facing comprises, on its upper face, positioning members such as for example loops.
• At least two prefabricated facings are positioned in the excavation.
• the first prefabricated facing to be positioned in the excavation has, on its lateral face oriented towards the inside of the excavation, a groove with a lock profile extending over the entire height of the facing, and the second facing intended to be positioned next to the first facing comprises a profile knife complementary to the groove, attached to the lower end of its side face facing the first facing.
• the knife of the second facing is progressively threaded into the groove of the first until the upper faces of the two faces are at the same height.
• the knife guides the second facing when introduced into the excavation, and position it precisely with respect to the first facing. This knife also allows the introduction of a seal connecting the grooves of the first and second facing.
• said first excavation is extended, at least at one of its ends, by a second excavation.
• the last facing of the first excavation located at the end to be extended, comprises, on its lateral face facing this end, a lock profile groove extending over the entire height of the facing and closed by a friable or detachable protection.
• This protection makes it possible to prevent concrete from contaminating or closing the lock of the latter facing.
• the first facing to be positioned in the second excavation comprises him, a profile knife complementary to said groove, attached to the lower end of its side face facing the first excavation. In this way, it is possible to progressively slip the knife from the first facing of the second excavation into the groove of the last facing of the first excavation until the upper faces of the two facings are at the same height. The sliding of the knife into the lock of the last facing of the first excavation makes it possible to detach or destroy the protection of this lock.
• the area to be cleared is cleared so as to at least partially discover the surface of the prefabricated facing facing the area to be cut. clear.
• the subject of the invention is a molded wall comprising an in situ molded reinforced concrete part comprising at least one L-shaped reinforcement cage consisting of a base (or first part) and a vertical part. (or second part), and at least one prefabricated facing located in the defined space above said base and secured to the reinforced concrete part.
• FIGS. 1A to 1F, 2, 3 and 4 are diagrammatic views of different steps of the method of producing a molded wall according to one embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the method for producing a molded wall according to the invention
• FIG. 6 illustrates the execution of a molded wall according to the invention by successive panels
• FIG. 7 shows the upper end of a prefabricated facing which can be used in the present invention
• FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary formwork that can be used in the present invention.
• FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a seal that can be used in the present invention
• FIG. 12 shows a platform made with the method of the present invention
• FIG. 13A, 13B and 13C illustrate an alternative embodiment of the method of producing a molded wall according to the present invention
• FIG. 14 illustrates yet another alternative embodiment of the method of producing a molded wall.
• a molded wall 10 according to the present invention may for example be used for the construction of the platform as shown in FIG. 12.
• the invention may however be implemented in any other suitable work, and in particular in any work requiring a good finish visible parts of the walls.
• a first step of the process consists in producing guide walls 12a, 12b making it possible to materialize the implantation of the future molded wall.
• two guide walls 12a, 12b parallel to each other, define a space of constant width I corresponding to the desired width for the future molded wall.
• These guide walls 12a, 12b are generally made of reinforced concrete and have a height of about 1 to 1.50 meters. Their function is to ensure the stability of the surface lands, constitute leveling marks, and serve as support for the lifting gear required during the execution of the wall.
• Guide walls 12a, 12b are most often temporary structures, intended to be destroyed once the wall 10 is completed.
• the excavation 14 has an elongated shape that extends over a length L. As illustrated in Figure 2, the excavation comprises two longitudinal walls 16a, 16b spaced a constant distance, each of them extending vertically. in the extension of one of the two guide walls 12a, 12b.
• the excavation 14 marks the future location of the diaphragm wall 10, and thus delimits an area to be cleared 18. In the case of a platform, the area to be cleared 18 extends from the longitudinal wall 16b of the excavation 14 oriented towards the body of water, in the direction of this body of water.
• various tools may be employed to dig the excavation 14, for example, skips, skips on Kelly, drivelines, etc.
• the excavation 14 is filled, during drilling, with a mud 24 generally based on bentonite.
• a L-shaped frame cage 26 is progressively introduced into the excavation 14 by means of a hoist 28.
• the reinforcing cage 26 is illustrated in greater detail in FIG. 2, where it appears that it comprises a first portion 30 of width substantially corresponding to the width I of the excavation 14, surmounted by a second portion 32 of width weaker. Hoists 34 of the hoist 28 hold the reinforcement cage 26 at gripping loops 36 provided at the upper end of its second portion 32.
• the second portion 32 of the reinforcement cage 26, which extends above said first portion 30, is, it, leaned against the longitudinal wall 16a of the excavation 14 located on the opposite side to the area to be cleared. .
• a free space 40 is thus preserved above the first portion 30 of the reinforcement cage 26, between the second portion 32 and the wall 16b of the excavation 14 located on the side of the area to be cleared 18.
• the first portion 30 has a width 11 and a length L1 substantially corresponding to the width I and the length L of the excavation 14, and a height H1.
• the second portion 32 has a width 12, less than II, the same length L1 as the first portion 30, and a height H2.
• the reinforcement cage 26 is made in one piece. Other exemplary embodiments will be described below, in particular with reference to FIGS. 13A, 13B and 13C.
• the reinforcement cage 26 it is necessary for the reinforcement cage 26 to remain at a certain distance from the bottom 38 of the excavation 14 and not to bear against this bottom 38, in order to prevent it from being deformed and to subsequently allow a satisfactory coating of its frames in the lower part.
• the reinforcement cage 26 is provisionally stabilized in position in the excavation 14 by means of bars 42 passed in its grip handles 36 and bearing transversely on the battens guide 12a, 12b.
• the establishment of the bars 42 allows the holding cage in position 26 once its gripping handles 36 released from the lines 34 of the hoist 28.
• the disadvantage of the bars 42 extending transversely from one guide wall to the other above the excavation 14 is that they prevent access to the excavation 14 for elements of great length.
• a prefabricated facing 44 of length substantially identical to that of the excavation 14 must be lowered into the free space 40 of the excavation 14 located above of the first part 30 of the reinforcement cage 26 and between the second part 32 of this cage 26 and the wall 16b of the excavation situated on the side to be cleared 18.
• a rudder 46 longer than the length L of the excavation 14, positioned so that its two feet 46a, 46b are sufficiently spaced from each other not to obstruct the opening of the excavation 14 ( Figure 1D).
• the rudder 46 has the function of keeping the cage 26 in position by means of hoists 48, for example, connected to the handles 36. Once the cage 26 taken up by the rudder 46, it is possible to remove the bars 42 gripping handles 36 of the cage 26, and thus to completely clear the opening of the excavation 14 to allow the introduction of the prefabricated facing 44 (Figure 1E).
• the prefabricated facing 44 is brought above the excavation 14 to be introduced into the free space 40 defined between the second portion 32 of the reinforcement cage 26. and the wall 16b of the excavation 14 located on the side of the area to be cleared 18, and to be placed in abutment against the guide wall 12b located on the same side.
• a flat iron wedge 50 is advantageously provided at the upper end of the guide wall 12b to allow fine positioning of the prefabricated facing 44 relative to the guide wall 12b.
• This flat iron wedge 50 is supported on the upper face of the guide wall 12b and extends at right angles along the longitudinal face of the wall 12b facing the excavation 14. It has a very small thickness, 1 centimeter order, and allows to keep sufficient clearance with the prefabricated facing 44 so that the destruction of the guide wall 12b, after execution of the wall 10, does not lead to deterioration of the visible face of the facing 44 (ie its face located on the side of the area to be cleared 18).
• FIG. 7 shows the upper end of the prefabricated facing 44, from which projecting reinforcements 52, the function of which will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 4, project, and positioning members 54 enabling the facing 44 to be handled. by the lifting gear 28.
• These positioning members may be handles, as shown in Figure 7, or other types of lines.
• Figure 8 which shows the lower end of the prefabricated facing 44, highlights a beveled portion 56 in the direction of the length of the facing.
• the prefabricated facing 44 is positioned so that this beveled portion 56 is oriented towards the inside of the excavation 14 and not towards the area to be cleared 18.
• the prefabricated facing 44 comprises stand-by reinforcements 58 on its beveled lower end face 56.
• these holding armatures 58 are found mixed with the reinforcements of the first part 30 of the reinforcement cage 26, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
• the face of the prefabricated facing 44 intended to be oriented toward the area to be cleared 18 is advantageously covered with a protection 60, for example in the form of a self-adhesive sheet, before the facing 44 is lowered into the excavation 14
• a protection 60 for example in the form of a self-adhesive sheet
• the face of the facing 44 is of course perfectly cleaned before being covered with said self-adhesive foil 60.
• This protection prevents circumferential concrete from contaminating the visible part of the facing 44. As illustrated in FIG. 12, it is removed after concreting of the excavation 14 and excavation of the area to be cleared 18.
• This formwork 62 comprises a profiled central portion 64 whose profile corresponds to the imprint, here concave, which it is desired to impart at the end of FIG. the molded wall 10, two flat lateral wings 66a, 66b located on either side of the central portion 64, and an L-shaped iron 68 welded along the junction line between the central portion 64 and the wing lateral 66a intended to be positioned facing the end of a facing.
• the function of this L-shaped iron will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 5.
• the formwork 62 comprises a groove 67 on the face of its central portion 64 oriented towards the inside of the excavation 14, said groove 67 extending over the entire height of the formwork 62.
• this groove 67 is inserted a sealing tongue 70 projecting towards the inside of the excavation 14, the function of which will appear better in the light of FIG. 6 which illustrates a molded wall according to the invention executed by successive panels.
• the sealing tongue is indeed intended to seal between two successive panels of such a diaphragm wall.
• the concrete 72 is cast, starting under the bentonite mud 24, at the lower end of the excavation 14, according to the technique of the concreting to the dip tube under the mud.
• the concrete 72 thus progressively encapsulates the reinforcing bars of the reinforcing cage 26, as well as the waiting armatures projecting from the bevelled lower face 56 of the prefabricated facing 44, until the concreted part in situ 74 reaches the level of the upper face of the prefabricated element.
• the beveled portion 56 of the cladding 44 makes it possible to avoid poor contact between the concrete 72 and the prefabricated facing 44 in this zone.
• the concrete 72 has a tendency to push the facing 44 towards the guide wall 12b, thus avoiding the deflection of the facing 44 towards the inside of the excavation 14.
• the coping beam 76, cast on the upper face of the molded wall 10 encompasses these waiting armatures 78, those 52 provided on the upper face of the prefabricated element 44 (as described with reference to FIG. ) and finally the positioning loops 54 of the same prefabricated element 44.
• This crown beam 76 which is generally necessary for the structure, also makes it possible to improve the finishing of the structure, and to complete the mechanical joining of the prefabricated facing 44 and the concrete portion 74 of the diaphragm wall 10.
• the crown beam 76 it is also possible to provide, at the upper end of the prefabricated facing 44, that the waiting frames 52 are bent at 180 ° and oriented towards the excavation, so as to plunge into the concrete portion 74.
• These expectations frames allow better attachment of the prefabricated facing 44 to the concrete portion 74 of the diaphragm wall 10, and avoid any detachment.
• the molded wall 10 comprises a single reinforcement cage 26, and a single prefabricated facing 44, both of length substantially equal to that of the excavation 14.
• a number NI of L-shaped reinforcement cages can be lowered into the excavation, and a number N 2 (equal or non-NI) of prefabricated facings can be introduced into the free space kept between these cages. reinforcement and the side wall 16b of the excavation 14 located on the side of the area to be excavated 18.
• each reinforcing cage 261, 262 is positioned successively in the excavation 14.
• Each reinforcing cage 261, 262 has an L-shaped profile similar to that of the reinforcing cage 26 described with reference to Figures 1A to 4, but a length substantially equal to half the total length L of the excavation
• each reinforcement cage 261, 262 is positioned in the excavation 14 so that its first portion extends substantially along the bottom of the excavation 14, and that its second portion is leaned against the wall 16a of the excavation 14 located on the opposite side to the area to be cleared 18.
• Two prefabricated facings 441, 442 are then positioned successively in the excavation 14, one next to the other, in the free spaces respectively defined by the reinforcement cages 261, 262.
• the two faces 441, 442 are positioned substantially in the same plane.
• each prefabricated facing 441, 442 comprises, on each of its lateral faces, a cavity (or reservation) 80, here in the form of a "keyhole” profile groove and extending over its entire height.
• a protection such as a layer of polystyrene 84, for preventing the concrete from contaminating said cavity during concreting.
• Each prefabricated facing 441, 442 further comprises, at the lower end of one of its lateral faces, a metal knife 82 of complementary profile to that of the cavities 80.
• a metal knife 82 of complementary profile to that of the cavities 80.
• An illustration of such a knife 82 is given in FIG. 8.
• the second facing 442 has a metal knife 82 at the lower end of its side face to be positioned next to the first cladding 441.
• the second cladding 442 is placed above the free space adjacent to the first 441, then down into this free space (as shown in Figure 11) so that its knife 82 is threaded progressively into the groove 80 of the first cladding 441, and until the upper faces of the two facings 441 , 442 are at the same height.
• the knife 82 has a guiding and positioning function of the second cladding 442. It also makes it possible to slide a seal 86 between the two claddings 441, 442, in particular an inflatable "water-stop" type seal.
• a seal 86 positioned in the cavities 80 of two adjacent facings, is shown in detail in FIG. 10. It comprises two inflatable hollow tubes 88a, 88b each intended to be introduced into a cavity 80, and an intermediate portion connecting these two rolls 88a, 88b. Sealing is ensured when a cement grout is injected into each flange until it swells sufficiently to achieve close contact between the concrete and the joint.
• a primary panel 101 has been made in a first excavation 141, according to the method described above with reference to FIG. 5, and a second excavation 142 has been dug to the left of the first 141.
• the formwork 62 has been removed to the left of the first excavation 141, after the excavation 142 has been excavated.
• the primary panel 101 presents, at this end, a continuous concave overall impression over its entire height. From this concave end face protrudes the sealing tongue 70 of the formwork 62 (previously described with reference to FIG. 9), secured to the first panel 101 when the concrete is set.
• the facing 442 of the first excavation 141 whose end face adjoins the second excavation 142 (ie here the second face 442 of the first excavation 141) comprises, on this end face , a groove 80 with a lock profile extending over the entire height of the facing 442 and closed by a layer of polystyrene 84.
• the first facing 44 to be positioned in the second excavation 142 comprises, him, a metal knife 82 identical to that described with reference to Figures 8 and 11, attached to the lower end of its side face facing the first excavation 141. From In this way, the knife 82 of the first facing 441 'of the second excavation 142 can be progressively threaded into the cavity 80 of the last facing 442 of the first excavation 141 until the upper faces of the two facings 441', 442 are at same height. In reality, before starting to thread the knife 82 into said cavity 80, an operator manually "scratches" the upper end of the polystyrene layer 84, in order to unclog the lock 80. The sliding of the knife 82 in the lock 80 allows to detach or destroy the rest of the protection 84 over the entire height of the facing 442. The protection will then be evacuated with the sludge.
• Protections such as the polystyrene layer 84 illustrated in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are essentially intended to prevent concrete from bypassing, during the concreting operation, defiling a lock 80 in which the knife 82 an adjacent facing should be inserted later. Conversely, when two facings are already interconnected at the time of concreting, in particular by a seal of the type described above, such protection is no longer necessary.
• the first facing 441 'of the second excavation 142 has no protection on any of its end faces, since it will be connected to the two adjacent facings 442 and 442' before the concreting operation.
• the second facing 442 'of the second excavation 142 must be protected by a layer of polystyrene 84 to prevent the cavity 80 provided on its lateral face facing the formwork 62 from being soiled by the concrete during the operation. concreting, which would make impossible the connection with an additional facing placed in a possible third excavation located in the extension of the second excavation.
• each armature cage 26, 261, 262 of the type described above consists of several sections descended one after the other in the excavation. The positioning of the reinforcement cage is in this case carried out in the manner described in FIGS. 13A and 13B.
• the armature cage 26 consists of two sections 90, 92. It will be readily understood that the same method can be used for any number of sections.
• the first section 90 of the reinforcement cage 26 actually corresponds to the first portion 30 of the reinforcement cage 26, which has a width substantially equal to that of the excavation 14, while the second section 92 corresponds to the second portion 32 of the cage 26, of smaller width than the first portion 30 and intended to be leaned against the wall 16a of the excavation 14 located opposite the area to be cleared 18.
• the first section 90 is first inserted into the excavation 14 until its upper end is positioned substantially at the guide walls 12a, 12b. According to the same method as described with reference to FIG. 1C, this first section 90 is temporarily held in position by means of bars 42 placed transversely and resting on each of the guide walls 12a, 12b. With the aid of a hoist, the second section 92 is brought directly above the first section 90, and the first and the second section 90, 92 are secured by ligation or welding of the reinforcements waiting for the two sections. The assembly formed by the first and the second section is then lowered into the excavation 14 until reaching its final position.
• the prefabricated facing is then positioned in the free space maintained between the second portion 32 and the longitudinal wall of the excavation 14 located on the side of the area to be cleared 18 (see Figure 13C).
• the prefabricated facing 44 may be secured to the section of the reinforcement cage 26 intended to be inserted last in the excavation so as to limit the number of lifting operations during the execution of the wall.
• the second part 32 of the reinforcement cage ie the one, finer than the base of the L extending parallel to the bottom of the excavation, leaned against the wall of the excavation opposed to the zone to be breached
• the facing 44 can fill the empty space between the second part of the reinforcing cage and the wall of the excavation located on the side of the area to be knocked down.
• the prefabricated facing 44 previously secured to the last section 92 (ie to the second portion 32) of the reinforcement cage 26, may be molded (ie cast) with the section 92 of the reinforcement cage 26 intended to be last introduced in the excavation 14.
• the facing 44 may comprise waiting frames, and these waiting frames can be ligated to reinforcements of the last section 92 of the reinforcement cage 26 , so as to secure the two elements.
• the base of the diaphragm wall is substantially at the level of the working platform (ie at the guide walls). But the invention also allows make molded walls with low base, several meters under the working platform if necessary.
• each prefabricated facing is extended by a post at each of its ends, said posts having a height sufficient to reach the working platform once the prefabricated facing positioned in the excavation, and the positioning members of the prefabricated facing (handles, threaded bars, etc.) are also lengthened accordingly.
• the lock-shaped cavities of the prefabricated facings and the protections, for example made of polystyrene, covering these cavities extend over the entire height of the posts. These posts are intended to be destroyed after concreting.

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• 2010
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• 2011
  • 2011-04-20 AU AU2011247163A patent/AU2011247163B2/en active Active
  • 2011-04-20 WO PCT/FR2011/050915 patent/WO2011135235A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2011-04-20 ES ES11720561.7T patent/ES2525082T3/es active Active
  • 2011-04-20 EP EP11720561.7A patent/EP2563975B1/de active Active
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