EP2555891B1 - Verbundsystem - Google Patents

Verbundsystem Download PDF

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EP2555891B1
EP2555891B1 EP10850356.6A EP10850356A EP2555891B1 EP 2555891 B1 EP2555891 B1 EP 2555891B1 EP 10850356 A EP10850356 A EP 10850356A EP 2555891 B1 EP2555891 B1 EP 2555891B1
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powder
titanium
mixture
composite system
green compact
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EP2555891A1 (de
EP2555891A4 (de
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Robert G. Lee
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • This invention relates to alloy systems containing hard particles, such as particles of TiC.
  • TiC alloys have been formed by "cementing" very hard TiC powder (Vickers 3200) using binders made of nickel, molybdenum, niobium, and tungsten, with the binding elements typically constituting about 40 to 50% of the total weight of such an alloy.
  • these TiC alloys are formed using powder metallurgy techniques from very fine particles, in particular, materials having a particle size under 20 microns, with a substantial portion being under 6 microns.
  • the metals historically used for binding in TiC alloys have relatively high densities, in particular, nickel at 8.9 g/cc, molybdenum at 10.22 g/cc, niobium at 8.57 g/cc, and tungsten at 19.3g/cc. As a result, such composite TiC alloys have had a density of about 6 g/cc or higher. Materials of that high density are disadvantageous for ballistic armor, for which low weight is an important feature.
  • JP H04 2742 discloses a Ti cutter having nonmagnetic properties, high corrosion resistance, ductility and bending strength.
  • 30 to 90% of Ti powder and the hard fine powder of the carbides, nitrides, other oxides or the like of Ti, Cr, W, V, Nb, Zr, etc. are mixed and sealed into a capsule made of a thin steel sheet, and this mixture is subjected to hot isostatic pressing treatment and is furthermore hot-worked by not rolling or the like, and after that, the capsule is removed to manufacture a composite Ti alloy 1 constituted of a Ti matrix 2 and hard fine grains 3.
  • JP H03 150331 discloses an erosion-resistant alloy comprising by volume, 20 to 60% ceramic powder and the balance being substantial titanium or titanium alloy powder.
  • the present invention provides a mixture of materials, a composite system and a method of making a composite system as claimed.
  • the composite system described herein has superior properties, being not only hard, but also being much lighter in weight than 6 grams/cc and having better toughness characteristics than previously reported TiC alloys.
  • the composite systems described herein are formed from a hard powder as described herein, such as a TiC powder, combined with a green binder system of titanium sponge granules and/or other titanium powders and a binder system comprising titanium, nickel, and aluminum provided either as a master alloy or as elemental powders, which then are compressed and sintered. It is observed that the nickel forms lower melting point eutectoid-like structures when combined with the titanium of the green binder system.
  • Bodies of TiC composite systems described herein can bind with bodies of titanium or other materials, allowing for the production of layered composite armor structures.
  • Such layered composite structures can have advantageous attachment configurations, and favorable weight, ductility, and ballistics properties.
  • a composite system that is a multiphase alloy is produced by binding very hard particles of various sizes using master alloys or a blend of elemental materials and titanium powders.
  • the composite system has characteristics that make the composite system particularly well suited for energy absorption.
  • the composite system has an aggregate phase of hard particles and a matrix phase that binds the hard particles together.
  • FIGS. 2b and 4a-4f illustrate an example of such a composite system in which the hard particles are TiC (referred to as TiC composite systems or TiCC). Testing of examples of such TiC composite systems indicates that the matrix phase, which comprises amounts of nickel, titanium, and aluminum, has at least two phases as shown in FIG. 4b .
  • the phases of nickel, titanium, aluminum matrix phase have varying degrees of hardness and ductility.
  • the slightly ductile matrix phase is believed to be responsible for an observed tortuous crack propagation pattern, as shown in FIGS. 4a-4f , that forms when a body of the TiC composite system is subjected to ballistics trauma such as by impact with a high velocity ballistic projectile. Crack propagation progresses in very random directions and redirections, which is believed to enhance rapid absorption of a projectile's energy.
  • the TiC composite system thereby exhibits a greater toughness than prior materials that are brittle and rapidly shatter in straight line crack patterns.
  • the bonding of the matrix phase with the aggregate phase also serves to reduce cracking of the relatively brittle hard particles which constitute the aggregate phase.
  • the composite system has hard particles that are relatively large such that there is more space between the hard particles to be occupied by the more ductile matrix phases than in prior composites. Because of their size, such large hard particles have a relatively large mass to better absorb energy and resist cracking.
  • the composite system may be formed from a mixture comprising (1) titanium powder, such as titanium sponge granules (TSGs), (2) a master alloy containing nickel, titanium, aluminum, and optionally, iron (NiTiAl master alloy), and (3) hard powder.
  • titanium powder such as titanium sponge granules (TSGs)
  • TSGs titanium sponge granules
  • master alloy containing nickel, titanium, aluminum, and optionally, iron
  • hard powder e.g., a mixture of the following amounts:
  • Such a mixture of NiTiAl master alloy and titanium powder has a melting point below their respective melting points and well below the melting point of the hard powder. As a result, melting and then cooling the NiTiAl master alloy and titanium powder in such a mixture produces a composite system having a lamellar microstructure.
  • a master alloy is a composition made for the purpose of melting and/or bonding with other metals to form composite systems or other alloys. Master alloys are used to overcome the problems of alloying metals of widely differing melting points, or to facilitate closer control over the final composition. Such a master alloy is made by melting or exothermic reaction of the metals making up the composition; and the resulting mixture which is very friable is reduced to the desired particle size by mechanical methods before blending with other components of the product alloy.
  • Non-melted titanium sponge granules are believed to be best titanium powders to use for the green binder for forming the composite systems described herein.
  • TSGs are defined as irregular shaped particles of sponge fines from titanium metal reduction processes using sodium, magnesium or calcium as the reducing agent to extract the titanium and where the titanium sponge granules have not been melted.
  • TSGs made with a process using sodium as the reducing agent, although other soft, non-melted titanium sponge granules could be used.
  • TSGs have a low apparent density, below 1.50 g/cc and a low tap density, specifically a tap density of less than 1.90 g/cc.
  • titanium powder made from melted powders such as those made by the hydride-dehydride process using previously melted titanium material, or by using spherical titanium powders that may be made by the rotating electrode process, commonly known as REP method.
  • Spherical powders are also made by a plasma process such as that used by TEKNA Plasma Systems, where titanium sponge particles or particles made by other methods such as HDH are fed through a induction plasma on controlled basis and fully or partially melted to form spherical type titanium powders.
  • the green binder also can be a mixture of such titanium powders with or without TSGs.
  • Hard powder as referred to herein includes powders, particles and/or granules that are so hard that a volume of hard powder will not stick together when compacted in a die to form a compact for subsequent processing by the application of heat and/or pressure such as sintering, hot pressing, and hot isostatic pressing, without contamination of the base material or subsequently formed alloy.
  • Hard powders include many different types of carbides and nitrides. Hard powders of particular utility are aluminum carbide, Al 4 C 3 , boron carbide, B 4 C, silicon carbide, SiC, calcium carbide, CaC 2 , titanium carbide, TiC, titanium nitride, TiN, and boron nitride, BN.
  • Another suitable hard powder is Al 2 O 3 . Mixtures of such materials can be used as the hard powder component for forming the composite system. Low density hard particles, having a specific gravity of not more than 6.0, are particularly useful in forming ballistic armor for portable uses, such as in body armor.
  • the starting materials and alloys described in this disclosure typically will contain small amounts of other elements, sometimes referred to herein as "trace elements," including residuals, impurities, dopants, and the like.
  • Commercially available component materials typically contain small amounts of one or more of O, H, N, Na, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Pd, Sb, Sn, Ta, V, W, Zr, and S.
  • the exact amounts of such elements in starting materials typically is not known because commercially available component materials are not routinely assayed for all possible included elements. Therefore the main elements, i.e. titanium and nickel, are normally established by subtracting the elements analyzed for from 100%. Industry specifications for titanium alloys vary widely in the number of elements analyzed for. Best results are achieved if such other elements do not constitute more than 1% of a product composite system.
  • the titanium powder serves to bind together the hard powders and the hard NiTiAl master alloy so that the blend can be compacted by normal powder metal techniques in closed die using mechanical or hydraulic presses to form green compacts. In this way, relatively high production rates can be achieved without scoring of a die with the hard components. Titanium sponge granules thus should be present in an amount sufficient to impart green strength to a green compact formed from the mixture of ingredient materials.
  • NiTiAl master alloy is combined with TiC and TSGs to form a TiC composite system.
  • the master alloy comprises:
  • This master alloy is friable and can be milled to fine powder of various sizes.
  • the mixture is compacted at forces ranging from 275 MPa to 827 MPa to form a green compact.
  • the pressed green compact is sintered in a vacuum furnace at temperatures from 900°C to 1400°C depending on the ratios of nickel, TiC, and TSG in the mixture.
  • the compact may also be processed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) either before or after vacuum sintering.
  • HIP hot isostatic pressing
  • the majority of the hard powder material input weight will comprise particles of various sizes in the range of 50-150 microns. A small fraction may be smaller in size, as small as 5 microns.
  • at least 60 wt.% of the hard powder material input weight will comprise particles of at least 45 microns to achieve the desired aggregate mixture and spacing.
  • the use of such relatively large particles is a departure from prior material systems.
  • the majority of particles in the ingredient mixture are below 10 microns and most below 6 microns.
  • TiC particles in prior material systems are relatively small in size as shown in FIG. 2a and 2c .
  • composite systems can be formed from a powder mixture wherein 90 wt.% of the hard powder is less than 45 microns.
  • the size of the particles of each ingredient powder used can be varied to produce different green compacts and sintered structures depending on desired properties, pressing, and sintering parameters.
  • composition of the resulting composite system will vary within ranges depending on the variations in the input materials and the allowable variations in the elements in the master alloy.
  • the composition will fall within the following ranges where the ingredient materials are adjusted to produce a final composition that is equal to 100% within the limitations shown below:
  • the density of the composite system will vary depending on the ratios of the input materials and can be as high as 5.0 grams/cc. Measured densities of experimental TiC composite systems have ranged from 3.63 grams/cc to 4.42 grams/cc.
  • the composite system has an average hardness as measured by Vickers indenters of not less than 1000, with the lowest reading not less than 660 Vickers.
  • Ductility and fracture toughness of the composite system are characterized by the formation of multiple ductile and brittle, branched, tortuous, energy absorbing crack paths with measurable deformation upon impact by a ballistic projectile and by ductility of at least 0.5% elongation.
  • Useful composite systems can, however, also be made by melting an ingredient mixture sufficiently to at least partially liquefy the NiTiAl master alloy and titanium components.
  • the liquefied mixture may be poured into a solid mold configured to form an ingot or into a mold shaped to produce a specific final or preform configuration in the manner of investment casting or permanent mold casting technology.
  • Favorable results are achieved when the ingredient mixture contains 32 wt% to 55 wt% hard powder.
  • Elemental powders may be substituted for all or a portion of the NiTiAl master alloy in the procedures discussed above, but use of the master alloy typically is most efficient.
  • composition of the resulting TiC composite system will vary depending on the ratios of the input materials. By the calculations shown in FIG. 1 , the composition will fall within the following ranges where the ingredient materials are adjusted to equal 100% which produces a final composition that is equal to 100% within the limitations shown below:
  • Table I is a summary of results of tests made on exemplary TiC composite systems as described herein.
  • Table I Titanium Carbide Composite System Sample ID NiTi722 T-2-825 T-3-908 Ti-4-922 Ti-5-923 S-3 Type Sandwich Sandwich Sandwich Sandwich Sandwich Input materials TSG 20.0% 32.5% 54.0% 38.0% 32.5% 38.0% NiTiAl master alloy 25.0% 12.5% 14.0% 14.0% 12.5% 14.0% TiC 55.0% 55.0% 32.0% 48.0% 55.0% 48.0% Total blend 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Composition of composite Ni percent of total 16% 8% 9% 8% 9% Al percent of total 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Fe percent of total 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% C percent of total 11% 11% 6% 9% 11% 9% Ti percent of total 71% 80% 84% 81% 80% 81% Total listed 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Sinter Time-hours 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Temp
  • T-3-908 has no hard spots, i.e. above 2400V. Has lower average Vickers. Perhaps the longer sinter time is dissolving the TiC. Vickers readings taken at .050 intervals with 10 or more in each sample.
  • a body of the composite system material may be used by itself depending on the application.
  • the composite system also may be used along with a body of another material, particularly a body of titanium, a titanium alloy, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or a ceramic, to form a multi-component composite structure.
  • the term “substrate” is used to refer to a material other than a composite system as described herein.
  • body refers to a structure that can hold a shape, as opposed to a loose mixture of powders that cannot hold a shape unless confined within a vessel.
  • a “green body” or “green compact” is a mixture of powders that have been pressed together to form a compact that can hold a shape, but that has not been sintered.
  • Substrate precursor powder refers to a material or mixture of materials in powdered form that can be sintered or can be melted and cast to form a solid body of substrate material.
  • “Composite system precursor powder” refers to a mixture of powders that can be sintered to form a solid body of composite system material.
  • one or more layers of the composite system and one or more layers of titanium, a titanium alloy, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, and/or a ceramic can be combined to form a layered composite structure.
  • Such layered composite structures can be produced with single or multiple layers of various different thicknesses and combinations that will have different densities and properties.
  • Example layered composite structures are illustrated in FIG. 3a and 5a-5e .
  • Layered composite structures can be made, for example, by placing a volume of substrate precursor powder, such as loose commercially pure (CP) titanium powder, and a volume of composite system precursor powder mixture into a die in layers of desired thickness ratios, followed by pressing to form a compact and sintering as described herein. Powders of a titanium alloy, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or a mixture of such powders also can be used with the composite system to form such composite structures to meet special application needs.
  • substrate precursor powder such as loose commercially pure (CP) titanium powder
  • CP commercially pure
  • Layered composite structures also can be made from a volume of a powder and a preformed solid body that serves as a substrate.
  • a preformed wafer of the composite system material can be placed into physical contact with a volume of a powder of titanium, a titanium alloy, aluminum, or an aluminum alloy, or a mixture of such powders in a closed die. The wafer and the powder then are compressed within the die to cause the powder to form a layered compact that can be sintered to bond the powder to the wafer.
  • Preformed bodies such as wafers, of one or each of the layer components can be used to form the composite structure.
  • a body of titanium, a titanium alloy, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or a ceramic can be placed into physical contact with a body of the composite system and the bodies heated to a sufficient temperature to cause the bodies to adhere upon cooling.
  • a volume of composite system precursor powder is placed in a die and compressed to form a green compact.
  • the green compact and a solid substrate body are placed in physical contact, with the substrate covering all or part of a surface of the green compact.
  • the combined green compact and substrate then are heated to sinter the green compact and to bond the sintered green compact to the substrate.
  • Sintering in a separate furnace typically is most efficient for any of these methods where materials are compressed within a die.
  • the compressed layered structure can be heated in the die under pressure, by the procedure sometimes referred to as hot pressing, to bond the layers together.
  • various heating methods and temperatures can be used to bond different materials together, to allow for variations among materials that will behave differently at different temperatures, before and after heating.
  • Adjacent layers of a layered composite structure can be larger or smaller than one another in any dimension.
  • a layer may be in the form of one or more wires or whiskers that can be included a layered composite structure to provide reinforcement or an attachment mechanism.
  • Example titanium alloys are described in Materials Property Handbook - Titanium Alloys (ed. R. Boyer, E.W. Collings, and G. Welsch; published 2009 by Titanium Information Group, Rotherham, UK .
  • Other examples of suitable alloys can be found in ASTM B265 - 09ae1 Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate (Active Standard ASTM B265, developed by Subcommittee B10.01, Book of Standards Volume 02.04, 2009).
  • titanium powder combined with other powders can create new alloys and materials with desirable properties for substrate layers.
  • the selection of such materials that may be used substrate layers will be driven by characteristics including but not limited to compatibility for bonding with a composite system layer, to reduce the weight of the layered composite system, to increase the ductility and crack absorption properties, to reduce the transfer of impact energy, and exterior or interior layers that are harder, or more ductile than the TiC composite system.
  • substrates consist essentially of titanium and aluminum, with the aluminum being present in an amount of from 2 wt.% to 12 wt.%.
  • Such an alloy can be produced from a powder that is a mixture consisting essentially of 88 wt.% to 98 wt.% titanium powder and 2 wt.% to 12 wt.% aluminum powder.
  • TiAl 10 titanium-aluminum alloy
  • substrate precursor powder mixture of 90 wt.% titanium sponge granules and 10 wt.% aluminum powder.
  • the substrate precursor powder mixture was placed in a die and a volume of TiC composite system precursor powder was placed on top of the substrate precursor powder mixture.
  • the powders then were compacted to form a green compact, which subsequently was sintered within the parameters described herein. A good metallurgical bond was observed similar to that shown in FIG 3a .
  • a body of titanium sponge granules that had been previously pressed and sintered to create a solid wafer was placed on a pressed, but not sintered, green compact of TiC composite system precursor powder, the combined body was subjected to sintering conditions within the parameters described herein.
  • the green compact was sintered and good metallurgical bond between the layers, similar to that shown in FIG 3a , was observed.
  • Layered composite structures have been made using standard wrought titanium materials such as Ti 6 Al 4 V including reinforcing wires, and titanium alloys made with mixtures of elemental powders, such as 90 wt.% titanium powder with 10 wt.% aluminum powder as described above.
  • a wrought CP titanium wire .095 inch diameter and a wrought Ti 6 Al 4 V wire .080 inch diameter were placed on a volume of TiC composite system precursor powder in a die, pressed to imbed the wires and sintered as described herein.
  • a good bond was observed between the wrought Ti 6 Al 4 V wire and the TiC composite material, which when broken apart showed a ductile fracture within the Ti 6 Al 4 V wire.
  • the small diameter CP titanium wire was fully alloyed with and became a part of the matrix of the TiC composite system consistent with the observations that the TiC composite system forms a phase that will bond metallurgically with alloys of titanium and bodies of titanium that are thick enough to not be fully alloyed with the TiC composite system.
  • FIG. 3a illustrates a potential application of a TiC composite system for armor tile.
  • a wafer about 0.2 inch thick of the S-3 TiC composite system described in Table I was pressed and sintered onto an about 0.1 inch thick substrate layer of titanium sponge granules.
  • the resulting two-layer wafer was shot with an AR-15, 16 inch barrel, full metal jacket, standard NATO round.
  • the TiC composite system portion of the composite was cracked and broken loose from the substrate but the bullet did not penetrate the substrate as shown in the photo of the back side of the two-layer wafer.
  • the same type of bullet fully penetrated a mild steel target, about .25 inch thick, a ceramic armor tile about .24 inch thick and a TiC tile about .25 inch thick.
  • the tile shown in FIG. 3a was found to have the following properties.
  • Armor tiles may also be made by adhering a body of the TiC composite system to another substrate material such a ceramic, including those made from alumina, boron carbide and/or silicon carbide by sintering the TiC composite system onto the ceramic material to produce the composite material shown in FIG. 5d .
  • a wafer of the TiC composite system was sintered in an alumina ceramic boat, CoorsTek ® Catalog No. CR 32 65578. The wafer was bonded to the ceramic boat and could not be removed without breaking the ceramic boat.
  • FIG. 5d Vickers micro hardness data appears in FIG. 5d for the TiC composite system/ceramic composite shown in FIG. 5e .
  • a method for forming a reduced density TiC composite system wherein titanium, aluminum, or a mixture thereof is substituted for at least a portion of one or more of the heavy elements nickel, molybdenum, niobium and tungsten of a known alloy system for cementing carbide powder, such as TiC powder, with the titanium, aluminum, or mixture thereof being substituted in an amount sufficient to reduce the density of the resulting alloy system containing cemented carbide to not more than 5.0 g/cc.
  • Also more generally described herein is a method for forming an composite system suitable for bonding to a substrate wherein titanium, aluminum, or a mixture thereof is substituted for at least a portion of one or more of the heavy elements nickel, molybdenum, niobium and tungsten of a known alloy system for cementing hard powder, such as TiC powder, with the titanium, aluminum, or mixture thereof being substituted in an amount sufficient that components of the resulting alloy system containing TiC can bond to titanium structures and ceramic structures by sintering.
  • a known alloy system for cementing hard powder such as TiC powder

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Claims (14)

  1. Eine Mischung von Materialien, die bei der Herstellung eines Grünlings zur Sinterung oder einem Grünling zu verwenden ist, bestehend aus:
    a) 12,5 Gew.-% bis 25 Gew.-% eines Pulvers, bestehend aus:
    24 Gew.-% bis 28 Gew.-% Titan
    7 Gew.-% bis 12 Gew.-% Aluminium
    0 Gew.-% bis 0,10 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff
    0 Gew.-% bis 4,5 Gew.-% Eisen
    0 Gew.-% bis 4 Gew.-% Silicium
    wobei der Rest Nickel und Spurenelemente ist; und
    b) 32 Gew.-% bis 55 Gew.-% eines harten Pulvers, wobei der Rest Titanpulver ist.
  2. Ein Verbundsystem, das aus einer Mischung von Materialien gebildet ist, die Mischung bestehend aus:
    a) 12,5 Gew.-% bis 25 Gew.-% eines Pulvers, bestehend aus:
    24 Gew.-% bis 28 Gew.-% Titan
    7 Gew.-% bis 12 Gew.-% Aluminium
    0 Gew.-% bis 0,10 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff
    0 Gew.-% bis 4,5 Gew.-% Eisen
    0 Gew.-% bis 4 Gew.-% Silicium
    wobei der Rest Nickel und Spurenelemente ist; und
    b) 32 Gew.-% bis 55 Gew.-% eines harten Pulvers, wobei der Rest Titanpulver ist.
  3. Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundsystems, wobei das Verfahren umfasst: Bilden einer Mischung von Materialien, bestehend aus:
    a) 12,5 Gew.-% bis 25 Gew.-% eines Pulvers, bestehend aus:
    24 Gew.-% bis 28 Gew.-% Titan
    7 Gew.-% bis 12 Gew.-% Aluminium
    0 Gew.-% bis 0,10 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff
    0 Gew.-% bis 4,5 Gew.-% Eisen
    0 Gew.-% bis 4 Gew.-% Silicium
    wobei der Rest Nickel und Spurenelemente ist; und
    b) 32 Gew.-% bis 55 Gew.-% eines harten Pulvers, wobei der Rest Titanpulver ist; Zusammenpressen der Mischung, um einen Grünling zu bilden; und Sintern des Presslings.
  4. Ein Verfahren zur Bildung einer geschichteten Verbundstruktur, wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    Bereitstellen einer Pulvermenge, die im Wesentlichen aus Titanpulver, einem Pulver einer Titanlegierung, Aluminiumpulver, einem Pulver aus einer Aluminiumlegierung oder einer Mischung derartiger Pulver besteht;
    Bereitstellen eines massiven Körpers des Verbundsystems nach Anspruch 2; und Verbinden der Pulvermenge mit dem massiven Körper des Verbundsystems.
  5. Das Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Verbinden umfasst:
    Platzieren des Körpers des Verbundsystems in physikalischen Kontakt mit der Pulvermenge in einer geschlossenen Pressform;
    Komprimieren des Körpers des Verbundsystems und der Pulvermenge innerhalb der geschlossenen Pressform, um einen Grünling zu bilden; und
    Erwärmen des Grünlings, um das komprimierte Pulver zu sintern und zu bewirken, dass das komprimierte Pulver einen massiven Körper bildet, der mit dem Körper des Verbundsystems verbunden ist.
  6. Das Verfahren, die Mischung oder der Grünling nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei die Menge von Titanpulver ausreichend ist, um dem Pressling Grünfestigkeit zu verleihen, um anschließende Handhabung und Verarbeitung des Presslings zu erlauben.
  7. Das Verfahren, die Mischung oder der Grünling nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei mindestens 50 Gew.-% des harten Pulvers 50 bis 150 µ ist.
  8. Das Verfahren, die Mischung oder der Grünling nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei mindestens 60 Gew.-% des harten Pulvers mindestens 45 µ ist.
  9. Das Verfahren, die Mischung oder der Grünling nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei 90 Gew.-% des harten Pulvers 150 bis 425 µ ist.
  10. Das Verfahren, die Mischung oder der Grünling nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei 90 Gew.-% des harten Pulvers geringer als 45 µ ist.
  11. Das Verfahren, die Mischung oder der Grünling nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei:
    the hard powder consists essentially of a material selected from the group consisting powders of Al4C3, B4C, SiC, CaC2, TiC, TiN, BN,
    Al2O3, and mixtures thereof, preferably wherein the hard powder consists essentially of TiC powder.
  12. Das Verfahren, die Mischung oder der Grünling nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei:
    das Titanpulver im Wesentlichen aus Körnchen aus Titanschwamm, einem Pulver aus Titan besteht, das von vorher geschmolzenen oder teilweise geschmolzenem Titan hergestellt worden ist, das durch den Hydrid-Dehydrid-Prozess oder Prozesse zur Herstellung sphärischer Pulver oder einer Mischung davon hergestellt worden ist, vorzugsweise wobei das Titanpulver im Wesentlichen aus Körnchen aus Titanschwamm besteht.
  13. Das Verbundsystem nach Anspruch 2, wobei der Verbund eine Dichte von nicht mehr als 5,0 g/cc aufweist.
  14. Das Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundsystems nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 12,
    wobei:
    das Bilden des Grünlings durch Zusammenpressen, das Zusammenpressenit Kräften umfasst, die von 275 bis 827 MPa reichen; und/oder
    die Sinterung des Grünlings das Sintern bei 900°C bis 1400°C für 1 Minute bis 8 Stunden umfasst.
EP10850356.6A 2010-03-29 2010-03-29 Verbundsystem Active EP2555891B1 (de)

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PCT/US2010/029088 WO2011133132A1 (en) 2010-03-29 2010-03-29 Composite system

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CN105603255B (zh) * 2016-01-19 2017-12-12 江苏奥精医药科技有限公司 一种3d打印制备医用钛合金材料

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2753261A (en) * 1952-09-30 1956-07-03 Sintercast Corp America Sintering process for forming a die
JP2653527B2 (ja) * 1989-11-08 1997-09-17 株式会社東芝 耐浸食合金の接合方法
JPH042742A (ja) 1990-04-19 1992-01-07 Fuso Off Service:Kk 複合チタン合金、複層チタン材、チタン刃物とそれらの製造方法
EP0484931B1 (de) * 1990-11-09 1998-01-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Titanlegierung aus Sinterpulver und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
US5736658A (en) * 1994-09-30 1998-04-07 Valenite Inc. Low density, nonmagnetic and corrosion resistant cemented carbides
US6911063B2 (en) * 2003-01-13 2005-06-28 Genius Metal, Inc. Compositions and fabrication methods for hardmetals
WO2005023463A1 (en) * 2003-09-03 2005-03-17 Apex Advanced Technologies, Llc Composition for powder metallurgy
US7687023B1 (en) * 2006-03-31 2010-03-30 Lee Robert G Titanium carbide alloy

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EP2555891A1 (de) 2013-02-13
WO2011133132A1 (en) 2011-10-27
NZ599937A (en) 2014-09-26
AU2010351588A1 (en) 2012-06-07
AU2010351588C1 (en) 2015-12-03
IL222155A (en) 2016-06-30
AU2010351588B2 (en) 2015-08-13
EP2555891A4 (de) 2014-05-07

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