Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
  • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
  • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
  • C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
  • C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
  • C12P19/04—Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
  • C12P19/06—Xanthan, i.e. Xanthomonas-type heteropolysaccharides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
  • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
  • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
  • C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
  • C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
  • C12P7/10—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
  • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
  • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
  • C12P7/16—Butanols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
  • C12P7/24—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carbonyl group
  • C12P7/26—Ketones
  • C12P7/28—Acetone-containing products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
  • C12P7/62—Carboxylic acid esters
  • C12P7/625—Polyesters of hydroxy carboxylic acids
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
  • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
  • D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
  • D21B1/06—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by dry methods
  • D21B1/08—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by dry methods the raw material being waste paper; the raw material being rags
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P2201/00—Pretreatment of cellulosic or lignocellulosic material for subsequent enzymatic treatment or hydrolysis
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/64—Paper recycling

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for obtaining, from a contaminated lignocellulosic biomass, a product intended for the production of metabolites by fermentation.
• the invention also relates to the use of the product obtained for producing metabolites by fermentation, in particular ethanol, as well as a particular method of manufacturing ethanol.
• Lignocellulosic biomass is essentially composed of cellulose polysaccharides and hemicelluloses, strongly bound to a lignin network by covalent bonding and hydrogen bonding.
• These lignocellulosic compounds include wood, straw, plants from dedicated crops, co - products from agriculture, forestry or the wood processing industry, collected plant wastes and industrial or municipal waste. It is known that lignocellulosic substrates can be efficiently conservezed to produce different derived products. Biomass is used in particular for alcoholic production, in particular for the production of ethanol or bioethanol, which can then be used as biofuel or eco-fuel.
• raw materials include cereals, such as wheat or corn, or beets.
• cereals such as wheat or corn, or beets.
• the use of this type of resource has significant disadvantages both in terms of yield and the fact that they compete directly with crops and ecosystems.
• production capacity of raw materials is limited compared to very large quantities of fuel consumed, for example.
• lignocellulosic biomasses for recycling, in particular lignocellulosic biomasses considered as hazardous waste, whose storage and disposal are subject to the ICPE classification (Installations classified for the Protection of the Environment).
• lignocellulosic substrates are generally substrates impregnated with one or more dangerous substance (s), for example varnish, glue, creosote, CCA (copper, chromium and arsenic), CCB ( Copper, Chrome and Boron), flame retardant, fungicide or insecticide, such as used wood poles, railway sleepers, treated wood and sawdust, etc.
• the objective of the present invention is to overcome the various disadvantages of the prior art, by proposing an efficient and economical method. to obtain a fermentable product from a lignocellulosic biomass soiled or treated.
• the subject of the invention is a process for obtaining a fermentable product intended for the production of metabolites by fermentation, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
• FIG. 1 is represented a diagram of a particular embodiment of the process for obtaining a fermentable product from soil-contaminated lignocellulosic biomass.
• the object of the invention is therefore a process for obtaining, from polluted lignocellulosic biomass, a fermentable product that can be fermen ed to produce metabolites.
• the term "fermentable product” means the product based on sugars or sweet juice obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated lignocellulosic material, capable of producing metabolites by fermentation.
• biomass or lignocellulosic substance polluted, contaminated or treated within the meaning of the invention is meant any lignocellulosic compound containing at least one molecule that is not found in said compound in the natural state.
• This molecule is called pollutant component in the present application. It is usually a molecule that is toxic or dangerous for humans or the environment.
• PAHs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
• the process for obtaining a fermentable product for the production of metabolites by fermentation according to the invention comprises the following steps:
• This first step includes the following substeps:
• Solid-liquid extraction is a technique well known to those skilled in the art.
• this extraction consists in extracting one or more soluble component (s) contained in the lignocellulosic raw material using one or more solvent (s) with which they are or the component (s) present (ent) an affinity.
• the solvent or solvents used for this step may be chosen in particular from: water, acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol or ethyl acetate. The choice of solvent depends on the components to be removed. For example, ethanol will be used to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
• the solid-liquid extraction step is carried out at a temperature of between 50 ° C. and the boiling point of the solvent or between 50 ° C. and the boiling point of the solvent mixture when there are several solvents.
• This detoxification step makes it possible to depollute most, if not totally, the lignocellulosic raw material.
• This defibration makes it possible to separate the fibers and to increase the digestibility of the cellulose.
• the cleaned lignocellulosic raw material is defibrated in an extruder, at a temperature between 60 ° C and 180 ° C and in the presence of a quantity of water representing between 50% and 450% of the mass of said raw material.
• the extruder may be a twin-screw or single-screw extruder.
• the defibration may be carried out in the presence of a strong acid or a strong base at a concentration of between 0.5% and 4% relative to the volume of water.
• the pretreatment of the raw material by defibration in an extruder makes it possible to increase the yield of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose. It also reduces the amount of enzyme used in step c).
• step a) of detoxification is preceded by a preliminary step of grinding the polluted lignocellulosic raw material which makes it possible to make the cellulose more accessible for hydrolysis.
• This grinding step can be carried out for example using a knife mill.
• Step c) hydrolyzes the cellulose with enzymes to obtain a glucose-rich solution.
• the hydrolysis can be carried out using a cellulose or an enzymatic cocktail composed of cellulose and ⁇ -glucosidase.
• the hydrolysis is carried out in a tank maintained at a temperature of between 50 ° C. and 60 ° C., at a pH of between 4 and 5.5 for at least 24 hours.
• the ratio of enzymes per gram of cellulose is between 0.05 and 2.5.
• a fermentable product or sugar juice rich in glucose is then obtained.
• This second detoxification step is preferably carried out by adsorption on an ion exchange resin or on activated charcoal.
• This adsorption can be carried out batchwise or on a column, with or without pressure, preferably at room temperature and even more preferably by heating between 30 ° C and 70 ° C, particularly between 40 ° C and 60 ° C.
• the product obtained which is free of pollutants, is fermentable into various metabolites.
• the invention therefore aims to use a fermentable product obtained to produce metabolites by fermentation.
• Metabolites within the meaning of the invention are those products resulting from the transformation of the sweet juice by a microorganism.
• the invention proposes a particular process for obtaining ethanol from the fermentable product.
• This particular example of a method according to the invention is illustrated in FIG.
• the process also comprises a filtration step (s) before the fermentation step.
• This step can include the following substeps:
• the reaction medium is composed of a sweet juice, celluloses, non-cellulosic compounds and non-degraded cellulose.
• a centrifugation, decantation or prefiltration prior to filtration eliminates non-cellulosic compounds and non-degraded cellulose.
• Ultrafiltration aims to recycle and reuse the enzymes used for hydrolysis.
• This tangential ultrafiltration step makes it possible to considerably reduce the production costs of ethanol, since the cost of the enzymes used for the hydrolysis of the cellulose is very important.
• the ultrafiltration step can be carried out on a membrane which makes it possible to concentrate and recover the enzymes on the one hand (the concentrate) and the sweet juice on the other hand (the permeate).
• Reverse osmosis concentrates the permeate without evaporation. This step allows energy saving compared to a conventional evaporation step.
• the discoloration makes it possible to retain the dyes of the textile cotton in a resin.
• the purpose of the fermentation step is to ferment the glucose contained in the filtered sweet juice in ethanol by means of glycolysis by means of a yeast.
• the fermentation can be carried out in a fermenter between 30 ° C and 37 ° C, between 7h and 24h, at a pH between 3.8 and 5.0.
• the yeasts used may be Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
• the yield of the fermentation reaches 0.4 g of ethanol per gram of glucose.
• Yeasts used for fermentation can be recycled by microfiltration for reuse.
• the fermentation step is generally followed by a distillation / dewatering step on a membrane which makes it possible to obtain a 99.9% ethanol which can then be used as biofuel or agrofuel.
• the invention is of course not limited to this particular example, and allows to produce from a contaminated lignocellulosic raw material, any metabolite that can be obtained by fermentation.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-03-29 FR FR1052286A patent/FR2957936B1/fr active Active
• 2011
  • 2011-03-28 WO PCT/FR2011/050664 patent/WO2011124815A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2011-03-28 US US13/638,211 patent/US20130023013A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-03-28 EP EP11719303A patent/EP2553112A2/de not_active Withdrawn

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