Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
  • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
  • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
  • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
  • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
  • H02J7/1446—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle in response to parameters of a vehicle
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
  • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
  • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

Definitions

• the subject of the invention is a method for controlling the charge of an additional energy store of a micro-hybrid powered vehicle and a system implementing the method. It applies to the field of hybrid propulsion vehicles.
• Hybrid propulsion vehicles that is to say combining a heat engine with at least an electric motor, can minimize fuel consumption and thus contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
• Systems implementing such a type of propulsion can be classified into several categories representative of their level of hybridization.
• the systems belonging to the micro-hybrid category usually comprise in addition to the conventional combustion engine a reversible electric motor. This electric motor is used as a starter and as an alternator, the heat engine being cut off automatically when the vehicle is immobilized.
• FIG. 1 An example of architecture of such a system is illustrated in FIG. 1
• This exemplary architecture incorporates a reversible alternator 100, a starter 101, a battery 102 and an additional energy store consisting of supercapacitors 103, also known by the term UCAP in the following description.
• the battery 102 is for example a 12-volt lead battery.
• the additional energy storer 103 can be put in series with the battery 102 in order to contribute to the start-up, restart and maintenance services of the quality of the onboard network 106. Still by controlling said switches 104, 105, the additional energy storer 103 can be connected to the alternator 100 via a voltage converter 107 to ensure its charging when the engine is running.
• the UCAP storer 103 can also be connected to the battery 102 via the voltage converter 107 to ensure its recharging when the engine is stopped.
• the UCAP storer 103 may also be electrically isolated when its contribution is not required by the system and the system is loaded.
• the additional energy store is therefore usually associated with a switching system 104, 105 for placing in series or in parallel and a voltage converter 107 used for charging.
• This assembly 108 is highlighted in FIG.
• Supercapacitors are components whose use is recent in the automotive field. Their use requires a number of intrinsic precautions to avoid damaging them. Among the aging factors affecting these supercapacitors, the terminal voltage and the temperature are preponderant. In particular, high voltage levels induce acceleration of the electrochemical aging of the UCAP storer. The life of the UCAP storer is a determining factor when designing a vehicle using a hybrid propulsion system. Indeed, a car manufacturer usually offers vehicles by committing to their lifespan based on sizing studies and on the expertise of suppliers of supercapacitors. One of the design objectives is for the keeper of such a vehicle to replace the UCAP storer as little as possible, for example by providing a system whose service life tends towards the life of the vehicle. typically 15 years.
• An object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
• the subject of the invention is a method for controlling the load of the additional energy store UCAP of a micro-hybrid powered vehicle. It comprises a step of detecting a state of said vehicle among a plurality of possible states, a first state called fast rolling state being detected when the speed of the vehicle exceeds a threshold value preset speed V only , a second state being detected when the vehicle is parked, the voltage applied across the UCAP storer being adapted according to the detected state so that it is minimized while ensuring that said storer performs its service functions.
• an optimized load voltage UCONS_OPTIM is determined and applied to the UCAP storer when the fast rolling state is detected, said voltage being deduced from a nominal load voltage U C ONS associated with the storer UCAP, a voltage difference AU being subtracted from this voltage in order to obtain the optimized charging voltage value U C ONS_OPTIM-
• the voltage difference AU is determined, for example, using the expression:
• K is a coefficient materializing the load speed of the storage unit UCAP expressed in V / s for a capacity expressed in Farads and a load / discharge current expressed in Amperes;
• Yveh is the statistical average of the braking deceleration of the vehicle
• a multi-function engine control computer CMM included in the micro-hybrid vehicle is, for example, partially awake for a sufficient time so as to determine an optimized load voltage value U C ONS_OPTIM taking into account this state.
• the optimized charging voltage value U C ONS_OPTIM in the parked state is determined according to the state of health SOH of the UCAP storer.
• the invention also relates to a microhybrid propulsion system comprising at least one additional energy store UCAP.
• the system comprises means for detecting the state of the vehicle said system comprising of a plurality of possible states, a first state called fast running state being detected when the vehicle speed exceeds a speed threshold value V predefined SEUN, a second state being detected when the vehicle is parked.
• the system also comprises means for determining the voltage to be applied across the UCAP storer, said voltage being adapted according to the detected state so that it is minimized while ensuring that said storer performs his service functions. .
• the invention slows the aging of the UCAP storer, which reduces the number of failures related to the end of life of said storers.
• the user of the vehicle thus saves in terms of maintenance and replacement expenses.
• FIG. 1 gives an example of a micro-hybrid system
• FIG. 2 gives an example of a method for optimizing the life of the UCAP storer in a fast rolling state
• FIG. 3 gives an example of a method for optimizing the life of the parking storer UCAP in the parking condition
• the system comprises means for determining the states of life during which the UCAP storer is not solicited and will not be solicited during a given period of time as well as means for reducing the voltage at the terminals of said storer when these states are detected. Maintaining a high voltage has consequences harmful to the aging of the UCAP storer.
• the implementation of the system allows an extension of the life of the additional energy store.
• a micro-hybrid system comprises for example a UCAP storer composed of several supercapacitors in series. It can be composed for example of two supercapacitors, each having a maximum allowable voltage of 2.7V, or 5.4V for both. If this maximum voltage is exceeded, the destruction of said storage can be extremely fast.
• the recharge can be limited preferably by a threshold value slightly lower than this maximum value, 5V for example.
• a voltage level close to the threshold defined above may be necessary for the UCAP to fully perform its service functions. This is particularly the case when the UCAP storer contributes to start-up / restart services and maintains the quality of the on-board network, which implies repeated charges at voltages close to said threshold.
• the UCAP storer is usually used for one-off needs during a vehicle taxi cycle. Thus, it is possible to exploit the states or phases of life during which the UCAP storer is not made to contribute to lowering the voltage at its terminals.
• the UCAP storer is requested at the first start of the vehicle, that is to say the start of the vehicle while it is in parked state.
• the UCAP storer is also requested at each restart, that is to say following phases called stop phases and corresponding for example to a stop in front of a red light. From these states of activity or reloading of the UCAP storer can determine inactivity time intervals during which the UCAP storer is not requested.
• the first state is called fast rolling state and the second is called parking state.
• the fast driving state corresponds to a state in which the vehicle is in driving situation on road or highway. In this state of operation, a vehicle traveling on the road or motorway will very rarely enter the stop phase. Thus the UCAP storer will not be used to restart. It is then possible to carry out a sensitive discharge of the UCAP storer as soon as the speed exceeds a configurable threshold value and to reload it when the speed returns below this value.
• a vehicle that is about to be parked usually has a fully loaded UCAP storer.
• the UCAP storer remains loaded for the duration of the parking, without any real need.
• optimized management would consist in substantially unloading the UCAP when the vehicle is stopped.
• Figure 2 gives an example of a method for optimizing the life of the UCAP storer in fast running state.
• a voltage set point calculation is continuously performed and adjusted according to the state of the entire electrical chain so that the UCAP storer is always sufficiently loaded to respond to a problem.
• soliciting a solicitation for example corresponding to a booster energy to restart the engine after a stop phase.
• a further adjustment of this setpoint can be implemented so as to discharge the UCAP storer by applying a certain voltage deviation to the nominal load voltage.
• This discharge makes it possible to preserve the lifespan of the UCAP storer.
• this voltage drop can be applied in a progressive manner depending on the speed of the vehicle, so that in case of braking the refilling of the UCAP storer is not penalized, said storer having to be subsequently put to use following a stop phase.
• the voltage U C ONS_OPTIM to be applied to the terminals of the storer UCAP, called in the rest of the description Optimized voltage setpoint can be determined using for example three steps.
• a first step 200 determines what is the state of the vehicle. Thus, if the detected state corresponds to a fast rolling state, an indicator (R / A of rolling state detection is activated .
• This indicator corresponds for example to a boolean and can be considered as active when it takes the value 1.
• a second step 201 determines a voltage difference AU corresponding to a voltage drop to be applied to a nominal voltage set U C ONS applied across the UCAP storer, one of the objectives being to optimize the life of the UCAP storer.
• This voltage difference AU is determined taking into account the value of the indicator ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ .
• V V EH is for example an affine function such that the difference AU is proportional to the difference between the instantaneous speed V V EH and the speed threshold V V EH_STOP allowing the transition to the stop phase.
• the coefficient of proportionality of this affine function can take into account the load / unload time of the UCAP storer with respect to the braking time of the vehicle.
• K is a coefficient materializing the load speed of the storage unit UCAP expressed in V / s for a capacity expressed in Farads and a load / discharge current expressed in Amperes;
• Tveh is the statistical average of the braking deceleration of the vehicle
• the factor 10/36 is used for the conversion of speeds expressed in km / h to speeds expressed in m / s.
• a third step 203 determines the optimized voltage setpoint U C ONS_OPTIM taking into account the difference AU and the nominal voltage setpoint U C ONS-
• the following expression is used for example:
• Figure 3 gives an example of a method of optimizing the life of the parking storer UCAP.
• the UCAP storer As part of the usual operation of a micro-hybrid propulsion system when the vehicle is parked, the UCAP storer is at a high voltage level when this is unnecessary because it will not be solicited before the next start.
• the voltage setpoint is difficult to control because in practice the multifunctional engine control computer, usually designated by the acronym CMM, falls asleep when the vehicle is parked. It is no longer possible to calculate a voltage setpoint to be applied to the UCAP storer.
• the invention proposes to prolong the calculation of the setpoint during a time of partial awakening of the CMM.
• This partial awakening is provided for a sufficient duration to adjust the voltage of the UCAP storer to a level that is not detrimental to its lifetime.
• do not completely unload the UCAP storage because the charging time for the next start must be limited.
• the optimized voltage set point UCONS_OPTIM to be applied to the terminals of the UCAP storer can be determined using, for example, two steps.
• a first step 300 determines whether the vehicle is in a parked state. This detection can be carried out on the basis of a partial wake-up indicator of the CMM calculator RPARTIEL, said indicator taking the value 1 when the CMM computer is awake despite the fact that the vehicle is in a parked state.
• a second step 301 is applied when the indicator s PC is positioned in an active state.
• the instruction U C ONS_OPTIM can then be determined by using the following expression:
• U s is a configurable voltage value, resulting from a compromise allowing optimization of the lifespan of the UCAP storer while guaranteeing an acceptable charging time for the next start of the vehicle.
• the value of U s can be determined using an expression such as:
• SOH an acronym derived from the English expression "State Of Health”
• SOH represents the state of health of the UCAP storer expressed in percentages, a value of 0% corresponding to an unusable UCAP storer and a value of 100% to a storer.
• New UCAP in perfect working order.
• SOH is for example estimated in an electronic box dedicated to the UCAP storer and allows in particular to weight the voltage setpoint according to the remaining life of the UCAP.
• the state of health of the UCAP storer influences the internal characteristics of the UCAP, in particular its internal resistance and his capacity. Therefore, aging also impacts the charging time for startup
• the reference voltage is not optimized and is expressed simply by the expression:
• Figure 4 shows the statistical distribution of the voltage across the UCAP throughout its lifetime.
• the right curve 400 represents the statistical distribution of the voltage at the terminals of the UCAP storer when the invention is not used. This voltage is often high, and aging of the UCAP storage is fast.
• the left curve 401 represents the statistical distribution of the voltage at the terminals of the UCAP storer when the invention is used. The voltage is statistically lower and the aging of the UCAP storer will therefore be slowed down.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
• Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-04-02 FR FR1052506A patent/FR2958464B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-03-30 EP EP11719313A patent/EP2552722A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-03-30 WO PCT/FR2011/050705 patent/WO2011121235A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2011-03-30 CN CN201180017783.9A patent/CN102869527B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

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