Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
  • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
  • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
  • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
  • H01G11/08—Structural combinations, e.g. assembly or connection, of hybrid or EDL capacitors with other electric components, at least one hybrid or EDL capacitor being the main component
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
  • G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
  • G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
  • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
  • G01R31/64—Testing of capacitors
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for determining an operating state of electrical energy storage means consisting of at least one supercapacitor, a device for implementing said method, usable in a stop device and automatic restart of the engine of a vehicle, in particular a micro-hybrid motor vehicle.
• a & R device In order to limit the fuel consumption and the pollution of thermal engines, certain vehicles are equipped with a device for stopping and restarting the engine (hereinafter referred to as "A & R device” and designated by “Stop & Start” " in English).
• the engine stop is automatically controlled whenever the vehicle speed is practically zero and the engine automatically restarts following a need expressed by the driver (for example action on the accelerator pedal or release of the brake pedal) or following a need of the vehicle (for example to maintain the temperature of certain elements, to maintain heating in the cabin in winter or air conditioning in summer or to maintain the temperature of the catalyst and therefore its effectiveness).
• An A & R device comprises a logic circuit connected to sensors controlling the occurrence of certain conditions and if one or more of these conditions occur, the A & R device controls either stopping the engine (by cutting the injection example, the engine restart when the engine is stopped.
• the restart is carried out through an electrotechnical chain comprising electrical energy storage means connected to a reversible alternator, itself connected to the crankshaft of the engine by a system of pulleys and transmission belt.
• the electrical energy storage means may consist of one or more batteries and / or a super capacitor or super capacitor.
• the storage means, as well as the various electrical equipment of the vehicle, are powered by the alternator when the latter is driven by the engine (transformation of mechanical energy into electrical energy).
• a current electrotechnical architecture incorporates a reversible alternator, a starter, a 12V lead-acid battery and additional electrical energy storage means consisting of a set of supercapacitors.
• said addictive storage means can be:
• start-up services starter-battery circuit-additional storage means
• restart alternative-battery circuit-additional storage means
• a motor vehicle power supply system that includes two sources of electrical energy storage such as battery and supercapacitors. Off the start, both sources are connected in parallel and their voltages are equivalent. When starting, the two sources are put in series to feed twice a starter.
• a method of managing an operation of a supercapacitor in which, by heating said supercapacitor, the internal resistance of said supercapacitor is reduced so that the activation of the supercapacitor functional unit by said supercapacitor can then be done under better conditions.
• Overcapacity of the supercapacitor is thus avoided since the reduction of the internal resistance by heating makes it possible, especially at the end of life, to compensate for the aging effects (increase of the internal resistance) of the supercapacitor.
• SOH Styrene-Coefficient Of Health
• SOH estimator requires the implementation of relatively heavy algorithms.
• the object of the present invention is to propose a method for determining the operating state of electrical energy storage means such as one or more supercapacitors equipping in particular an "A & R" system for a micro-vehicle. hybrid, hybrid.
• This determination and the characterization of the state of the supercapacitor (s) thus makes it possible to diagnose an aging and possibly a potential failure of the supercapacitor (s) and thus to warn the user who can then replace them and / or in place degraded modes of operation.
• the invention therefore relates to a method for determining the operating state of electrical energy storage means consisting of at least one supercapacitor, characterized in that, during the charging of said energy storage means electrical, the voltage across the terminals of said means is measured and the time interval required for said means to load an initial voltage "Uinit” at a final voltage value "Ufinal” under a given constant current I is measured, the load speed of said means is calculated in V / s, said load speed is compared with at least one given speed threshold value, and when the measured load speed is lower than said threshold value, it is determined that the means have operating state said in "good health" and when the charging speed is greater than this same threshold value, it is determined that the means have a state of operation said "in f in life ".
• the load speed threshold value is a parameterizable value according to the characteristics of the supercapacitor which corresponds to a capacity loss value of the nominal capacity reflecting an end of life state. In general, it is chosen so as to correspond to a loss of at least 30% of the capacity of the supercapacitor (s).
• the method for determining a state of operation of storage means such as a set of supercapacitors allows a diagnosis of the state of health or aging of the supercapacitor or supercapacitors, based on simple physical characteristics (terminal voltage, charging / discharging time, etc.).
• the method according to the invention is based on the physical behavior of one or more supercapacitors which can be modeled (first-order) by a series resistance capacitance circuit.
• Such a model can notably be used to equate the model in the manner
• the current intended to recharge the supercapacitors is regulated by dedicated electronics according to three different constant levels:
• the method according to the invention by measuring the time " ⁇ " set by the electrical energy storage means such that at least one supercapacitor to charge (AU) an initial voltage “Uinit” to a final voltage “Ufinal” (setpoint value) under a given constant current (non-zero), makes it possible to calculate the charge rate ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of said storage means in V / s, which then makes it possible to determine the state of said supercapacitor by comparison with a given threshold value.
• each start / restart involving the storage means of electrical energy can be put to contribution.
• the start / restart phases have the effect of discharging the supercapacitors, following which is immediately recharged. It is at this point that the process is implemented.
• the charging speed is less than a speed value corresponding to a given critical threshold, it can be considered that the set of supercapacitors is still healthy, which does not require any particular action and as soon as the charging speed is greater than this same threshold, then it is determined that the assembly is reaching the end of its life, and that security measures must be activated because the end-of-life threshold value is approaching the capacity.
• the diagnosis is confirmed if and only if the statement " load speed greater than the threshold 'is established on at least N successive loads.
• the operating state is determined "end of life" when the load speed is greater than the threshold value on at least N successive loads.
• the diagnosis "end of life” As soon as the diagnosis "end of life” is confirmed, it transmits the information to the user, for example by triggering an alarm in the vehicle such as by turning on an indicator light on the dashboard.
• the determination of the "end of life” state can trigger the control of degraded modes of operation to limit or even stop the solicitations of the set of supercapacitors, to the extent that it is about to be unusable.
• the determined charging speed is compared with at least two load speed thresholds, each threshold corresponding to a given aging state storage means such as a set of supercapacitors , according to which different "progressive" degraded modes can be controlled.
• a given aging state storage means such as a set of supercapacitors
• the exceeding of a first threshold may cause the limitation of the voltage applied across the supercapacitors
• the exceeding of a second threshold would further limit the voltage, and so on, up to the critical threshold. prohibiting the use of supercapacitors.
• the method according to the invention provides an indicator of the health status of a supercapacitor or a set of supercapacitors as electrical energy storage means from simple information to measure and operate, such as: voltage measurements, counter, constant charge current level, ....
• the purpose is to be able to diagnose in time a set of supercapacitors that reaches the end of life, but also to adjust the solicitations to which he is subject in the course of time.
• the invention also relates to a device for determining the operating state of electrical energy storage means consisting of at least one supercapacitor for implementing the method of the invention, comprising measurement means. the voltage at the terminals of the electrical energy storage means, means for measuring the time interval for charging said means between an initial voltage and a final voltage, means for calculating the charging speed and the means for comparing and analyzing said charge rate with respect to at least one threshold value to determine the operating state of said storage means.
• the invention therefore also relates to an "A &R" system of the type comprising a reversible alternator, a starter, a 12V lead battery and additional electrical energy storage means consisting of at least one supercapacitor, characterized in that it further comprises a device for determining the operating state of the electrical energy storage means, in which the operation determination method according to the invention is implemented in an on-board manner, it is ie implementing a functional self-monitoring made by the vehicle and potentially activating fault codes and degraded modes.
• Such a method is intended to diagnose the supercapacitors of an "A & R" system regularly, and not only via requests sent by an external diagnostic tool as was the case beforehand.
• the invention also relates to a motor vehicle equipped with supercapacitors such as micro-hybrid vehicles, “mild-hybrid”, “full-hybrid”, electric ....
• Figure 1 schematically and modeled a supercapacitor
• Figure 2 schematically shows an "A & R" system in a motor vehicle
• FIG. 3 represents a curve showing the theoretical evolution of the capacity of a supercapacitor
• FIG. 4 represents the method of determination in the form of a block diagram.
• the method according to the invention is based on the physical behavior of a supercapacitor 1 which can be modeled (first order) by a circuit 2 consisting of a resistance and a capacitance in series as can be seen in Figure 1.
• Such electrical energy storage means 3 are used in the case of an A & R system such as that shown in Figure 2 they consist for example of a set of two supercapacitors 1 in series.
• the A & R system thus comprises the electrical energy storage means 3 and a DC / DC voltage converter 4, said means 3 being able to be put in series or in parallel with the battery 8.
• the system also comprises a starter 5 , an alternator 6 and is connected to the on-board network 7.
• the voltage U is thus measured at the terminals of the supercapacitor 1 or of a set of supercapacitors during charging and the time interval At which the supercapacitor 1 is charged to charge is measured. from an initial voltage Ui to a given final voltage Uf, for a given current of intensity I.
• the decrease in capacity is slow (outside the elbow at the beginning of use), and monotonous, the aging of the supercapacitor is inherently irreversible. Knowing that the capacity decreases over time, and thanks to the formula linking speed of charge and capacity, it is possible to link the charging speed of the supercapacitor assembly to aging. In other words, the older the supercapacitor, the faster it will charge (and discharge).

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=42115720

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

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Citations (1)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2009
  • 2009-09-09 FR FR0956127A patent/FR2949864B1/fr active Active
• 2010
  • 2010-08-11 WO PCT/FR2010/051692 patent/WO2011030024A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2010-08-11 EP EP10761039A patent/EP2476001A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (1)

Non-Patent Citations (3)

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