Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
  • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
  • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
  • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
  • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
  • H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
  • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
  • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
  • F23D2900/14701—Swirling means inside the mixing tube or chamber to improve premixing
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

• the invention relates to a catalytic burner according to the further defined in the preamble of claim 1. Art Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such a catalytic burner.
• Catalytic burners can be used to convert flammable starting materials without open flame. For example, from the field of
• Such catalytic burners generally have a catalyst body, which is formed for example as a porous or honeycomb-like material or as a bed of pellets or the like.
• the material used in the catalyst body is at least partially provided with a catalytically active substance, such as platinum, palladium or the like.
• a catalytically active substance such as platinum, palladium or the like.
• the gas mixture then flows correspondingly mixed in the region of the catalyst body. Again, only a very good mixing is achieved, a uniform flow of the catalyst body can not be realized by the structure.
• the structure is extremely complex due to a large number of very small and filigree components and leads to a very costly mixing area in front of the catalyst body.
• Catalyst body allowed, so that it can be shortened sustainably in its overall length.
• catalytic burner according to the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
• a particularly preferred use of the catalytic burner according to the invention is specified in claim 8.
• Advantageous developments of this use emerge from the dependent claims.
• Such a swirl element which according to a very advantageous development can be formed with a plurality of guide vanes, ensures minimum installation space seen in the direction of flow that clearly homogenizes both the fuel gas distribution and the velocity profile of the gas mixture over the catalyst body in different load cases. This has been clearly demonstrated by simulations of the flow.
• the swirl element in particular if it is formed with a plurality of guide vanes, fan out the flow of the gas mixture before the catalyst body by radial deflection and thus ensures the very uniform and homogeneous flow of the catalyst body.
• Catalyst body with a very homogeneous velocity profile distributed can thus be ideally utilized and the catalyst body can be correspondingly minimized with regard to the installation space required by it, and here in particular with regard to the required overall length. This results in a very compact construction, which also allows a significant saving of the generally very expensive catalytically active substance.
• the catalyst body is cylindrical and the swirl element with respect to the flow-through cross-section of the Catalyst body is arranged centrally.
• a cylindrical catalyst body has the advantage that it can be easily integrated into a conduit element or a piece of piping.
• the central arrangement of the swirl element makes it possible, a best possible distribution of the inflowing gas mixture on the
• the swirl element occupies the entire cross-section of the conduit element and is arranged at its end facing the transition region. According to this embodiment, therefore, the swirl element occupies the entire flow-through cross-section, so that the entire gas mixture for the swirl element is set into a rotational movement and deflected radially. This achieves the best possible fanning out of the flow of the gas mixture. Due to the arrangement in the region of the line element, which faces the transition region and thus the catalyst body, a very simple structure is created, since the swirl element can be easily introduced as termination of the line element between the transition region and the line element.
• the flow-through cross section widens between the swirl element and the catalyst body.
• This extension which can take place in particular in the transition region, can typically take place in the manner of a funnel, so that a comparatively large cross-sectional area of the catalyst body which can be flowed through can be flowed through uniformly.
• the velocity of the gas mixture is reduced due to the extension of the cross section at the same volume flow, so that the
• Flow rate and thus the residence time of the gas mixture in the region of the catalyst body can be increased. This also serves to reduce the size and the amount of catalytically active substance in the region of the catalyst body.
• the swirl element By means of the swirl element, the flow of the gas mixture is fanned out so that a very even distribution of the gas over the entire cross-section of the catalyst body takes place in the area of the expanding flow-through cross section since, as already mentioned several times, this is fanned out accordingly by the swirl element.
• the gas mixture may optionally carry liquid which impinges in the region of the catalyst body and wets parts of the active surface so that the reaction of the gas is hindered. Due to the radial fanning of the gas flow, however, this is given a twist, with which this flows through the region of the cross-sectional widening. As a result, any entrained liquid droplets are thrown outward due to the centrifugal force and accumulate in the region of the walls of the cross-sectional widening.
• corresponding guide elements and / or openings can be provided, through which the collecting liquid can flow. For example, in the walls before the
• Catalyst body be introduced a corresponding groove in which liquid collects and is discharged from the region of the cross-sectional widening.
• the line element is divided by at least two parallel sub-line elements in the direction of flow in front of the swirl element in the direction of flow.
• Swirl elements lead be used to equalize the flow of the swirl element and thus ultimately make the fanned flow much more homogeneous. If such internals extending in the direction of flow, which divide the line element into at least two parallel sub-line elements, are not used, then a curved line element could lead to an uneven flow of the swirl element, which would then result in a likewise non-uniform flow of the catalyst body.
• a particularly preferred use of the catalytic burner according to the invention in one of the embodiments described above is the use for the thermal conversion of combustible radicals in the exhaust gases of a fuel cell.
• This particularly preferred use of the catalytic burner according to the invention enables the conversion of residues in the exhaust gases of a fuel cell, which typically have hydrogen. Due to the fact that no hydrogen should reach the environment in order to prevent any ignitable or explosive mixtures from escaping from the fuel cell system, the complete implementation of the combustible radicals in the exhaust gases of a fuel cell is particularly high
• the gas mixture can then be conducted via the line element and possibly running in this internals to the swirl element and can be so together with the existing gas mixture, which is typically an exhaust stream from a cathode region of the fuel cell and optionally a hydrogen-containing residual gas from the
• Fuel cell systems are also known from the general state of the art.
• the turbine can be connected either directly or indirectly to a compressor for the process air delivered to the fuel cell. It is also conceivable to couple the turbine and / or the compressor also in an electric machine. Then arises a structure, which is also referred to as an electric turbocharger (Electric Turbo Charger) or ETC.
• ETC Electric Turbo Charger
• the residual energy from the region of the fuel cell can be utilized via the catalytic burner and converted into usable mechanical energy via the turbine. This then drives - at least partially - the compressor for the process air. Any remaining required power is supplied via the electric machine in motor operation. If more power is provided via the turbine than the compressor requires, the electric machine can also be used as a generator to convert this power into electrical power.
• a highly dynamic operation of a vehicle can be realized by temporarily hot gases are generated by the additional injection of fuel in the catalytic burner, which then provide so much energy through the turbine that the electric machine as a generator additional electrical energy for driving the vehicle when,
• Fuel cell provides no or no sufficient electrical power can be provided.
• FIG. 1 shows a principle cross section through a catalytic burner according to the invention.
• Fig. 2 is a plan view of a swirl element according to the invention.
• a cross section indicated by way of principle is represented by a catalytic burner 1. This consists essentially of one
• the starting materials for example, in the exhaust gases from a
• Cathode space and an anode compartment of a fuel cell contained substances, in particular so be residual oxygen and residual hydrogen.
• substances in particular so be residual oxygen and residual hydrogen.
• other combustible substances such as those of hydrocarbons or the like is conceivable.
• Embodiment is curved, has in the flow direction extending internals 4, which ensures that despite the curvature of the
• Conduit element 3 is a uniform distribution of the inflowing gas mixture on the cross section of the conduit member 3 after the curvature.
• the gas mixture flowing in according to the arrow A can for example be a mixture of the exhaust gases A from a cathode space and an anode space of a fuel cell.
• This gas mixture which is already combustible in itself, can also be introduced via an annular nozzle 5
• Fuel B are additionally supplied. This fuel B is introduced via the known per se ring nozzle 5 in the gas mixture A, that flows from an annular space 6 of the fuel B via distributed around the circumference of the power element 3 openings 7 in the mixture.
• the gas mixture A, to which optionally the fuel B has been supplied, then flows through the conduit element 3 and from the internals 4
• the swirl element 8 is, as can be seen in the plan view of Figure 2, formed with a plurality of vanes 10 so that a radial deflection of the flowing through the swirl element 8 gas mixture A occurs.
• the gas mixture A is thereby fanned out accordingly and can be very homogeneous and uniformly over the through ström bare surface of the expanding cross section in the cross-section 9
• the swirl element 8 is very small and simple in construction and can be manufactured according to cost.
• the catalyst body 2 can thus be made very small and efficient. This is in terms of Installation space and the cost and in terms of the required catalytically active material is a decisive advantage.
• Catalyst body 2 fanned out flow of the gas mixture, there is a movement of the droplets outward due to the centrifugal force.
• the liquid can be deposited very efficiently in the area of the walls of the transitional area 9 via the guide elements 11 and, if appropriate, drain openings not shown here, and removed from the area of the catalytic burner 1.
• Catalyst body 2 allowed.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Fuel Cell (AREA)
• Gas Burners (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-02-17 DE DE102010008209A patent/DE102010008209A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-12-04 JP JP2012553188A patent/JP5721748B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-12-04 WO PCT/EP2010/007377 patent/WO2011101008A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2010-12-04 US US13/579,303 patent/US20130004878A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-12-04 EP EP10785365A patent/EP2537199A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-12-04 CN CN201080064088.3A patent/CN102763256B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

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