EP2535462B1 - Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines verbauten Grabens - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines verbauten Grabens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2535462B1
EP2535462B1 EP12003861.7A EP12003861A EP2535462B1 EP 2535462 B1 EP2535462 B1 EP 2535462B1 EP 12003861 A EP12003861 A EP 12003861A EP 2535462 B1 EP2535462 B1 EP 2535462B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
trench
cuttershoe
ground
sheeting
sheeted
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12003861.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2535462A1 (de
Inventor
Johan Van Wassenhove
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Denys NV
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Denys NV
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2535462A1 publication Critical patent/EP2535462A1/de
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Publication of EP2535462B1 publication Critical patent/EP2535462B1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/06—Foundation trenches ditches or narrow shafts
    • E02D17/08—Bordering or stiffening the sides of ditches trenches or narrow shafts for foundations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for producing a sheeted trench.
  • a device producing a “sheeted trench” according to the preamble of claim 1 is for instance known from JP-A-61134428 .
  • sheeted trench consists of making a trench by manually digging down vertically and then systematically sheeting the excavated trench with prefabricated concrete plates to support the walls of the excavated trench in order to absorb the pressure of the earth and thus prevent cave-ins or collapses.
  • concrete is poured into the trench to form a concrete wall, for example an underground tunnel wall or car park, and after the concrete has set the earth next to the wall is excavated, for example to clear the space of the tunnel or the car park.
  • the technique is primarily applied when there is insufficient space above ground to deploy large earthmoving machines for the realisation of the trench, for example on account of the presence of buildings or similar.
  • the work starts with a horizontal tunnel that is first dug out, after which the trench is manually excavated vertically downwards from the tunnel in the aforementioned manner.
  • the height of the sheeting elements and the steps for realising the sheeted trench are determined such that, taking the local specific internal angle of friction of the soil into account, the excavation can be done vertically to a depth of 20 metres and more without the risk of subsidence. For the stability, from a soil mechanics point of view, the effects of the horizontal arching action and vertical vaulting action are taken into account.
  • a disadvantage of such a construction technique is that the earthworks and the installation of the sheeting must be done completely manually, which is not without risk with regard to the personal safety of the worker.
  • Another disadvantage is that the concrete plates used for the sheeting are lost.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solution to one or more of the aforementioned and other disadvantages, by providing a device that enables sheeted trenches to be realised in mechanised way, whereby the worker does not have to work down in the trench, safety is absolutely guaranteed, and whereby the efficiency can be increased by a number of times with respect to the traditional method and the duration of the construction site can be substantially reduced.
  • the invention concerns a device for producing a sheeted trench, more specifically a trench made in the ground with a desired depth whose walls are supported by sheeting elements that are fitted together vertically, whereby the device consists of a series of sheeting elements fitted together vertically in the form of shaft segments or to compose such shaft segments; a cuttershoe in the form of a frame with a cutting edge oriented downwards of which the outer dimensions of the horizontal cross-section essentially match the outer dimensions of the sahft formed by the sheeting elements; a frame that is movable in at least the longitudinal direction of the trench provided with means to systematically push the cuttershoe vertically into the ground by machine over a depth essentially corresponding to the height of the shaft segments; means for evacuating the earth upwards from the trench by machine in order to form the trench, means to systematically bring the sheeting elements into place as the cuttershoe is pushed deeper into the ground in order to support the trench obtained, whereby the means (9) for pushing the cuttershoe (7) into the ground (11)
  • the cuttershoe is equipped with a ground cutter to loosen the earth at the level of the cutting edge in order to be able to evacuate the loosened earth upwards more easily, for example by means of a bucket chain or a ground bucket.
  • the frame and the aforementioned means are designed to be movable in a horizontal tunnel with a diameter of three metres for example, such that the device can be applied in situations where there is insufficient space above ground for the larger traditional excavating machines.
  • the sheeting elements are of a rectangular shape, such that flat concrete walls can be realised.
  • the device can also be applied beneficially above ground, as with known above-ground methods for forming concrete walls, for example diaphragm walls, flat walls are not obtained, which has the disadvantage that after the walls are released, an extra wall lining must be provided to make the walls even.
  • the sheeting elements stacked on one another and the cuttershoe are systematically pulled upwards when concrete is poured into the trench, as the level of the concrete rises in the trench, and the sheeting elements are removed one by one as they are pulled out of the trench for subsequent use.
  • coupling means are provided to fasten the cuttershoe and the sheeting elements together.
  • the device 1 shown in figure 1 is deployed in a movable manner in a horizontal tunnel 2 for the realisation of a vertical sheeted trench 3.
  • the device makes use of plates that can be put together to form a sheeting element 5 in the form of a shaft segment with rectangular cross-section, as shown in figure 5 .
  • the plates 4 are preferably prefabricated concrete plates that are strong enough to be able to absorb the pressure of the earth.
  • the ends of two opposite plates have a drop 6 into which the short plates can click when being affixed in the trench 3.
  • the device 1 contains a cuttershoe 7 in the form of a frame with a cutting edge 8 oriented downwards, of which the outer dimensions of the horizontal cross-section essentially match the outer dimensions of the shaft formed by the sheeting elements, essentially corresponding to the inner dimensions of the trench 3 to be produced.
  • the device 1 is further provided with means 9 to push the cuttershoe 7 vertically into the ground, and these means 9 are affixed on a frame 10 that can move in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 2, which in this case is mounted on a tracked machine.
  • These means 9 for pushing the cuttershoe 7 into the ground 11 are formed by a rod 12 whose bottom end 13 is secured to the cuttershoe 7 and which is affixed movably in a vertical guide of the frame 10 and which can be operated by means of a press 14 on the frame 10.
  • the press can be provided with struts 15 in order to transmit the compression forces, for pushing the cuttershoe 7 into the ground, to the walls of the tunnel 2, more specifically to the ceiling of the tunnel 2.
  • the aforementioned rod 12 can be extended by means of extension pieces, not shown in the drawings, that can be connected together in line with one another as the depth of the trench 3 increases.
  • a drill carriage of a known type can be used as a frame 10 for example, whereby the drill is replaced by the rod 12.
  • the cuttershoe 7 has at least two upward-oriented parallel cutter walls 16 at a distance from one another over the width of the trench 3, whereby the device 1 contains means 17 to reduce the distance between the cutter walls 16 in order to be able to pull the cuttershoe 7 out of the sheeted trench 3 without removing the sheeting elements 5.
  • the cutter walls 16 concerned are fastened to the end of a transom 18 which, as indicated by the arrows A in figure 3 , can be tilted upwards around a horizontal shaft 19 that is secured to the aforementioned rod 12.
  • the device 1 is equipped with a ground cutter 20 to loosen the earth at the level of the cutting edge 8 of the cuttershoe 7 in order to be able to evacuate the loosened earth upwards more easily.
  • This ground cutter 20 is for example fastened detachably to the rod 12 and hydraulically driven around a horizontal shaft 21, for example by means of a hydraulic unit 22 on the frame 10.
  • the device 1 contains means 23 for evacuating the earth upwards from the trench 3 by machine in order to form the trench 3.
  • these means 23 are formed by a bucket chain 24 with dredging buckets 25, whereby the bucket chain 24 contains a horizontal section 24A and a vertical section 24B whose length can be adjusted to the depth of the trench 3 already excavated, and whereby the vertical section 24B extends to just above the ground cutter 20.
  • the earth evacuated from the trench is received in a container 26 in order to be taken away.
  • the device 1 contains means 27 to systematically put the plates 4 of the sheeting elements 5 in place as the trench becomes deeper, in order to support the trench 3.
  • the means 27 are formed for example by a lift 28 that can move up and down on the rod 12, for example, to supply the plates 4 from the tunnel 2 to the place where a section of trench is released between the cuttershoe and a sheeting element 5 already installed, whereby the lift 28 is provided with means 29 to push the plates 4 laterally against the wall of the released trench 3 section.
  • the method for producing a sheeted trench 3 with a device 1 according to the invention is simple and as follows.
  • Figure 1 shows a situation in which a sheeted trench 3 has already been realised up to a certain depth.
  • the cuttershoe 7 is pushed downwards more deeply, whereby if necessary the rod 12 can be made longer by affixing an additional length of the rod 12.
  • the earth under the cutter is loosened by the turning of the ground cutter and moved to above the cutter from where it is scooped up by the dredging buckets 25 of the bucket chain 24 and evacuated to the container 26 in the tunnel.
  • trench 3 is further deepened below the sheeting elements 5 already present, such that a section of unsheeted trench wall is released at the bottom.
  • the cuttershoe 7, the ground cutter 20, the rod 12, the lift 28 and the bucket chain 24 are removed from the sheeted trench 3, such that only the sheeting elements remain in place.
  • Figure 6 portrays an alternative embodiment of a sheeting element 5 that is constructed as a double-walled reusable shaft segment 30 with walls 31 made of sheet steel, 3 to 4 mm thick for example.
  • This sheeting element 5 is provided with coupling means 32-33 in order to fasten the sheeting elements 5, stacked on one another, together and to the cuttershoe 7, which also has suitable coupling means to this end.
  • the end sides of the outer wall 31 of the sheeting element 5 are provided with a tongue 34 and a groove 35 with which the sheeting elements, fitted against one another, fit into one another.
  • a further vertical groove 35 can be provided in the tongue and groove that is suitable for affixing an (additional) seal, for example in the form of an inflatable hose.
  • sheeting elements are used for example with a variant device different from the invention, as illustrated in figure 7 .
  • the frame 10 is a gantry 36 that can.be moved on rails 37.
  • a ground bucket 38 is suspended from the gantry 36 that can be operated by means of cables 39 and can be lowered into the sheeted trench 3, and which can be moved in the horizontal direction up to above a conveyor belt 40 for example.
  • the frame 10 is further provided with a hydraulic crown 41 with four vertical dual action hydraulic cylinders 42 with which the cuttershoe 7 or a stack of cuttershoes 7 and sheeting elements can be pushed into the ground and pulled from the trench 3.
  • hydraulic crown 41 is also equipped with coupling means for fastening to the sheeting elements 5 or to the cuttershoe 7.
  • the cylinders 42 can be controlled independently in order to be able to make control corrections during pressing, whereby the hydraulic crown is equipped with measuring apparatus to measure the horizontality in order to be able to adjust when necessary.
  • the cuttershoe 7 is also equipped with a detachable ground cutter 20.
  • the cuttershoe does not necessarily have to be provided with retractable walls as was the case with the embodiment of the invention of figure 1 .
  • the sheeted trench is self-stable without intermediate stays.
  • the workspace is larger and free of obstructions, firstly for excavating and removing the earth, and secondly for installing the reinforcement.
  • the earth under the ground cutter 20 is cut loose and is systematically evacuated as the cuttershoe descends more deeply, if applicable with a ground bucket 38 or a bucket chain 24, as in figure 4 .
  • the ground cutter 20 is manually removed from the cuttershoe 7 and the affixing of the reinforcement in the trench can begin.
  • the reinforcing basket is also sunk in modularly in elements as high as the workspace allows.
  • the sheeting elements are dismantled one by one as they come out of the trench 3 and are stored for re-use for the realisation of a subsequent shaft.
  • the "slime method" can be considered for the earth transport, whereby the bucket 38 is replaced by a concrete pump in the trenches with pipes to the exit from the workspace.
  • a device according to the invention can also be used above ground. In this case it may be necessary to embed extra anchors in the ground in order to keep the frame in place during the pushing if this frame 10 is not heavy enough to exert a sufficient pressing force on the cuttershoe 7 and/or sheeting elements 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines verbauten Grabens (3), spezifischer eines im Boden (11) hergestellten Grabens (3) mit einer gewünschten Tiefe, dessen Wände durch vertikal aufeinander anschließende Schalelemente (5) gestützt werden, wobei die Vorrichtung (1) aus einer Serie von Schalelementen (5) besteht, die vertikal in Form von Schachtsegmenten (30) oder zum Zusammenstellen solcher Schachtsegmente (30) aneinander angeschlossen werden; einem Schneidschuh (7) mit einer nach unten gerichteten Schneidkante (8), deren Außenabmessungen im horizontalen Querschnitt im Wesentlichen den Außenabmessungen des durch die Schalelemente (5) gebildeten Schachts entsprechen; einem Rahmen (10), der mindestens in der Längsrichtung des Grabens (3) bewegt werden kann, der mit Mitteln (9) versehen ist, um den Schneidschuh (7) maschinell systematisch vertikal in den Boden (11) zu drücken, über eine Tiefe, die im Wesentlichen der Höhe der Schalelemente (5) entspricht; Mitteln (23) zum maschinellen Abtransportieren des Bodens aus dem Graben (3) nach oben zur Bildung des Grabens (3), Mitteln, um, in dem Maße, wie der Schneidschuh (7) tiefer in den Boden gedrückt wird, die Schalelemente (5) systematisch an ihren Platz zu bringen, um den erhaltenen Graben (3) zu stützen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (9), um den Schneidschuh (7) in den Boden (11) zu drücken, durch eine Stange (12) gebildet werden, die durch verbindbare Verlängerungsstücke verlängerbar ist und die an ihrem unteren Ende (13) an dem Schneidschuh (7) befestigt ist, und die in einer vertikalen Führung des Rahmens (10) bewegbar befestigt ist und die durch eine Presse (14) betrieben wird.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schalelemente (5) einen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich in Höhe des Schneidschuhs (7) eine Bodenfräse (20) befindet, um den Boden (11) in Höhe des Schneidschuhs (7) zu lockern, um den gelockerten Boden nach oben abtransportieren zu können.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bodenfräse (20) von dem Schneidschuh (7) lose ist oder gelöst werden kann.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während der Anwendung der Schneidschuh (7) über die Breite des Grabens (3) mindestens zwei aufwärts gerichtete parallele Schneidwände (16) umfasst und dass die Vorrichtung Mittel (17) zur Verringerung des Abstandes zwischen den Schneidwänden (16) umfasst, um den Schneidschuh (7) aus dem verbauten Graben (3) herausziehen zu können.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in dem Graben (3) aufeinander gestapelten Schalelemente (5) eine verlorene Schalung für das Gießen von Beton darstellen, wenn der verbaute Graben (3) fertig ist und der Schneidschuh (7) mit seiner Bodenfräse (20) entfernt ist und die Bewehrung angebracht ist.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schalelemente (5) rechteckige Schachtsegmente sind, die aus vier Platten (4) bestehen können, die gegen die Grabenwand angedrückt werden und die eine Einrastverbindung (6) an ihren Enden aufweisen, die beim Andrücken der Platten (4) gegen die Grabenwand ineinanderrasten.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mit einem Lift (28) versehen ist, um die Platten (4) bis zu einem ausgegrabenen Grabenwandabschnitt zwischen dem Schneidschuh (7) und einem bereits installierten Schalelement (5) zu bewegen, und dass der Lift (28) mit Mitteln (29) versehen ist, um die Platten (4) gegen diesen Grabenwandabschnitt anzudrücken.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (23) zum maschinellen Abtransportieren des Bodens aus dem Graben (3) nach oben durch eine Becherkette (24) mit einem horizontalen Abschnitt (24A) und einem vertikalen Abschnitt (24B), dessen Länge an die Tiefe des Grabens (3) anpassbar ist, gebildet werden.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (23) zum maschinellen Abtransportieren des Bodens aus dem Graben (3) nach oben durch einen Bodengreifer (38) gebildet werden, der an dem Rahmen (10) aufgehängt ist und mit Kabelbedienung ausgestattet ist.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (23) zum maschinellen Abtransportieren des Bodens aus dem Graben (3) nach oben durch eine Betonpumpe in den Gräben gebildet werden, mit Leitungen bis an den Ausgang des Arbeitsbereichs zur Anwendung des sogenannten "Schlammverfahrens".
  12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Presse oder der Rahmen (10) mit Stützen (15) versehen sind, um die Druckkräfte zum in den Boden Drücken des Schneidschuhs (7) auf die Wände des Tunnels (2) zu übertragen.
EP12003861.7A 2011-05-23 2012-05-16 Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines verbauten Grabens Not-in-force EP2535462B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2011/0313A BE1020119A3 (nl) 2011-05-23 2011-05-23 Inrichting voor het maken van een beschoeide sleuf.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2535462A1 EP2535462A1 (de) 2012-12-19
EP2535462B1 true EP2535462B1 (de) 2016-03-09

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EP12003861.7A Not-in-force EP2535462B1 (de) 2011-05-23 2012-05-16 Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines verbauten Grabens

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EP (1) EP2535462B1 (de)
BE (1) BE1020119A3 (de)
DK (1) DK2535462T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2570663T3 (de)
HU (1) HUE027432T2 (de)
PL (1) PL2535462T3 (de)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1203843A2 (de) * 2000-11-03 2002-05-08 Herrmann Eurotechnic S.r.l. Baggerlöffel zur Herstellung von Schlitzen für Mauern aus verstärktem Beton

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4033138A (en) * 1976-02-09 1977-07-05 Griswold James L Trench shoring assembly with stacking accessory
GB1597833A (en) * 1977-03-05 1981-09-09 Treacy T P Shoring assembly for a trench or hole
JPS61134428A (ja) * 1984-11-30 1986-06-21 Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd 土留板圧入掘削排土装置
DE9012969U1 (de) * 1990-09-11 1991-02-28 Heß, Wilhelm, 5000 Köln Vorrichtung zum Verbau tiefer Gräben
US5800096A (en) * 1995-04-27 1998-09-01 Barrow; Jeffrey Subsurface barrier wall and method of installation
JP3105196B2 (ja) * 1997-07-09 2000-10-30 日本スピードショア株式会社 スライドパネル式土留支保工
DE10207126A1 (de) * 2002-02-20 2003-09-11 Tim Laemmle Grabenfräse

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1203843A2 (de) * 2000-11-03 2002-05-08 Herrmann Eurotechnic S.r.l. Baggerlöffel zur Herstellung von Schlitzen für Mauern aus verstärktem Beton

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE1020119A3 (nl) 2013-05-07
HUE027432T2 (en) 2016-09-28
EP2535462A1 (de) 2012-12-19
ES2570663T3 (es) 2016-05-19
DK2535462T3 (en) 2016-06-06
PL2535462T3 (pl) 2016-09-30

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