EP2533652A1 - Compositions nutritionnelles - Google Patents

Compositions nutritionnelles

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Publication number
EP2533652A1
EP2533652A1 EP11726551A EP11726551A EP2533652A1 EP 2533652 A1 EP2533652 A1 EP 2533652A1 EP 11726551 A EP11726551 A EP 11726551A EP 11726551 A EP11726551 A EP 11726551A EP 2533652 A1 EP2533652 A1 EP 2533652A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glucan
nutritional composition
source
milk
composition according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11726551A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Anja Wittke
Hugh Lippman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MJN US Holdings LLC
Original Assignee
Mead Johnson Nutrition Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=44369481&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP2533652(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from US12/790,670 external-priority patent/US20110293784A1/en
Priority claimed from US12/790,666 external-priority patent/US20110293783A1/en
Application filed by Mead Johnson Nutrition Co filed Critical Mead Johnson Nutrition Co
Publication of EP2533652A1 publication Critical patent/EP2533652A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A61K31/716—Glucans
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
    • A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
    • A23L29/244—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin from corms, tubers or roots, e.g. glucomannan
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/135—Bacteria or derivatives thereof, e.g. probiotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
    • A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/40—Complete food formulations for specific consumer groups or specific purposes, e.g. infant formula
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
    • A23L7/115—Cereal fibre products, e.g. bran, husk
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to nutritional compositions, such as milk-based nutritional compositions, for pediatric subjects, such as infant formulas and children's nutritional products. Moreover, the disclosure is further directed to methods for enhancing immune function in a pediatric subject, comprising administering to a pediatric subject an effective amount of 6-glucan, especially in a milk-based matrix.
  • the infant gut microflora is rapidly established in the first few weeks following birth, and it has a great impact on an infant's immune system.
  • the nature of this intestinal colonization is initially determined by the host's early exposure to environmental sources of microbes as well as to the health of the infant. Whether the infant is breast-fed or formula-fed also has a strong influence on the intestinal bacterial population.
  • Human milk contains a number of factors that may contribute to the growth and population of the gut microflora of infants. Among these factors is a complex mixture of more than 130 different oligosaccharides that reach levels as high as 8-12 g/L in transitional and mature milk. Kunz, et al., Oligosaccharides in Human Milk: Structure, Functional, and Metabolic Aspects, Ann. Rev. Nutr. 20: 699-722 (2000). These oligosaccharides are resistant to enzymatic digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and reach the colon intact, where they then serve as substrates for colonic fermentation.
  • prebiotics can be used to supplement the diet of formula-fed infants.
  • Prebiotics have been defined as non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of cells in the colon that can improve the health of the host.
  • the matrix of an infant formula or other pediatric nutritional supplement may influence the effectiveness of prebiotics and oligosaccharides when such ingredients are provided as
  • concentration of proteins used in a formula matrix may also modulate the intestinal microbiota.
  • Boehm et al. Structural and Functional Aspects of Prebiotics Used in Infant Nutrition, The Journal of Nutrition.
  • human milk is the preferred source of infant nutrition, it is desirable to provide a formula matrix that mimics the qualities of human milk by allowing for effective supplementation of prebiotics and oligosaccharides as functional food ingredients.
  • a nutritional composition for pediatric subjects comprising a nutritional supplement that stimulates the immune system, wherein the supplement is provided in a formula matrix that does not inhibit the beneficial effects of the supplement.
  • a nutritional composition especially a milk-based nutritional composition, for pediatric subjects, comprising a lipid or fat, a protein source and a source of ⁇ -glucan.
  • the source of ⁇ -glucan is a source of 6- 1,3-glucan.
  • the source of ⁇ -glucan is a source of 6-l,3;l,6- glucan.
  • the nutritional composition further includes a source of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids which include
  • DHA docosahexaenoic acid
  • a prebiotic composition which includes a plurality of oligosaccharides such that the overall fermentation rate profile of the prebiotic composition provides an increased population of beneficial bacteria in the human gut over an extended period of time.
  • the prebiotic composition can include a plurality of oligosaccharides, such that at least one of the oligosaccharides has a relatively fast fermentation rate and one of the oligosaccharides has a relatively slow fermentation rate, whereby the combination of the oligosaccharides provides a beneficial overall fermentation rate.
  • the prebiotic comprises a combination of galacto-oligosaccharide and polydextrose.
  • the disclosure is also directed to a nutritional composition comprising, in some embodiments:
  • polyunsaturated fatty acids which include DHA more preferably about 10 to about 50 mg/100 kcal of a source of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids which include DHA;
  • a prebiotic composition comprising a plurality of oligosaccharides such that the overall fermentation rate profile of the prebiotic composition provides an increased population of beneficial bacteria in the human gut over an extended period of time;
  • the nutritional composition comprises a milk-based matrix.
  • the invention is directed to a nutritional composition having improved digestibility, the composition comprising a milk -based matrix, a lipid or fat, a protein source, a source of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that includes docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a prebiotic composition which comprises at least 20% of an oligosaccharide mixture comprising polydextrose and galacto-oligosaccharide, and a source of 6-1,3-glucan.
  • DHA docosahexaenoic acid
  • the present disclosure teaches a method for enhancing immune system function of a pediatric subject by administering 6- glucan in a milk-based matrix to the pediatric subject.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of several samples showing enhanced granulocyte respiratory burst in mice treated with milk- based formula matrix plus WGP glucan as compared to untreated, WGP-glucan- only or matrix-only treated mice.
  • MFI mean fluorescence intensity
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the FL1-H fluorescence of several samples showing enhanced respiratory burst in mice treated with milk-based formula matrix plus WGP glucan as compared to untreated or WGP or matrix treated mice.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates elevated IL-6 levels in mice treated with WGP glucan plus milk-based matrix.
  • Nutritional composition means a substance or formulation that satisfies at least a portion of a subject's nutrient requirements.
  • “Pediatric subject” means a human that is less than 13 years of age.
  • a pediatric subject refers to a human subject that is less than 8 years old.
  • infant means a subject ranging in age from birth to not more than about one year and includes infants from 0 to about 12 months corrected age.
  • infant includes low birth weight infants, very low birth weight infants, and preterm infants.
  • corrected age means an infant's chronological age minus the amount of time that the infant was born premature. Therefore, the corrected age is the age of the infant if it had been carried to full term.
  • Child means a subject ranging in age from about 12 months to about
  • a child is a subject between the ages of one and twelve years old.
  • the terms “children” or “child” refer to subjects that are two, three, four, five or six years old. In other embodiments, the terms “children” or “child” refer to any range of ages between about 12 months and about 13 years.
  • Children's nutritional product refers to a composition that satisfies at least a portion of the nutrient requirements of a child.
  • infant formula means a composition that satisfies at least a portion of the nutrient requirements of an infant. In the United States, the content of an infant formula is dictated by the federal regulations set forth at 21 C.F.R. Sections 100, 106, and 107. These regulations define macronutrient, vitamin, mineral, and other ingredient levels in an effort to stimulate the nutritional and other properties of human breast milk.
  • Nutritionally complete means a composition that may be used as the sole source of nutrition, which would supply essentially all of the required daily amounts of vitamins, minerals, and/or trace elements in combination with proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
  • Probiotic means a microorganism with low or no pathogenicity that exerts beneficial effects on the health of the host.
  • Prebiotic means a non- digestible food ingredient that beneficially affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the digestive tract that can improve the health of the host.
  • Effective amount means an amount that provides a stimulatory immune effect in a subject.
  • ⁇ -glucan means all 6-glucan, including 6-1,3-glucan and 6-l,3;l,6- glucan, as each is a specific type of 6-glucan. Moreover, 6- 1,3;1, 6-glucan is a type of 6-1,3-glucan. Therefore, the term "6-1,3-glucan” includes 6-1, 3;1, 6-glucan.
  • milk-based matrix means a medium comprising at least one component that has been drawn or extracted from the mammary gland of a mammal.
  • the milk-based matrix of the disclosed nutritional composition comprises components of milk that are derived from domesticated ungulates, ruminants, humans or any combination thereof.
  • the milk-based matrix comprises casein, whey protein, lactose, or any combination thereof.
  • the milk-based matrix of the present disclosure may comprise any milk-derived or milk-based product known in the art.
  • the present disclosure describes a nutritional composition for a subject comprising, in some embodiments, a milk-based matrix, a carbohydrate source, a lipid source, a protein source and a source of 6-glucan, especially 6-l,3;l,6- glucan, wherein the 6-glucan and the milk-based matrix provide a synergistic effect resulting in stimulation of the immune system in a pediatric subject.
  • Suitable fat or lipid sources for practicing the present invention may be comprise any lipid source known in the art, including but not limited to, animal sources, e.g., milk fat, butter, butter fat, egg yolk lipid; marine sources, such as fish oils, marine oils, single-cell oils; vegetable and plant oils, such as corn oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, palmolein, coconut oil, high oleic sunflower oil, evening primrose oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, flaxseed (linseed) oil, cottonseed oil, high oleic safflower oil, palm stearin, soy lecithin, palm kernel oil, wheat germ oil, medium chain triglyceride.
  • animal sources e.g., milk fat, butter, butter fat, egg yolk lipid
  • marine sources such as fish oils, marine oils, single-cell oils
  • vegetable and plant oils such as corn oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, palmolein, coconut oil, high oleic sunflower oil
  • Bovine milk protein sources useful in practicing the present invention include, but are not limited to, milk protein powders, milk protein concentrates, milk protein isolates, nonfat milk solids, nonfat milk, nonfat dry milk, whey protein, whey protein isolates, whey protein concentrates, sweet whey, acid whey, casein, acid casein, caseinate ⁇ e.g. sodium caseinate, sodium calcium caseinate, calcium caseinate) and any combinations thereof.
  • the proteins are provided as intact proteins. In other embodiments, the proteins are provided as a combination of both intact proteins and partially hydro lyzed proteins, with a degree of hydrolysis of between about 4% and 10%. In certain other embodiments, the proteins are more
  • the protein source may be supplemented with glutamine- containing peptides.
  • the whey:casein ratio of the protein source is similar to that found in human breast milk.
  • the protein source comprises from about 40% to about 80% whey protein and from about 20% to about 60% casein.
  • the nutritional composition may contain one or more probiotics. Any probiotic known in the art may be acceptable in this embodiment provided it achieves the intended result.
  • the probiotic may be selected from any Lactobacillus species, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium species, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 or combinations thereof.
  • the amount of the probiotic may vary from about 10 4 to about 10 10 colony forming units (cfu) per kg body weight per day. In another embodiment, the amount of the probiotic may vary from about 10 6 to about 10 9 cfu per kg body weight per day. In yet another embodiment, the amount of the probiotic may be at least about 10 6 cfu per kg body weight per day.
  • the probiotic(s) may be viable or non-viable.
  • viable refers to live microorganisms.
  • non- viable or non- viable probiotic means non-living probiotic microorganisms, their cellular components and/or metabolites thereof.
  • non-viable probiotics may have been heat-killed or otherwise inactivated, but they retain the ability to favorably influence the health of the host.
  • the probiotics useful in the present invention may be naturally-occurring, synthetic or developed through the genetic manipulation of organisms, whether such new source is now known or later developed.
  • the nutritional composition contains one or more prebiotics.
  • prebiotic refers to indigestible food ingredients which exert health benefits upon the host. Such health benefits may include, but are not limited to, selective stimulation of the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of beneficial gut bacteria, stimulation of the growth and/or activity of ingested probiotic microorganisms, selective reduction in gut pathogens, and favorable influence on gut short chain fatty acid profile. Such prebiotics may be naturally- occurring, synthetic, or developed through the genetic manipulation of organisms and/or plants, whether such new source is now known or developed later.
  • Prebiotics useful in the present invention may include oligosaccharides,
  • prebiotics useful in the present invention may include polydextrose, polydextrose powder, lactulose, lactosucrose, raffinose, gluco-oligosaccharide, inulin, fructo-oligosaccharide, isomalto-oligosaccharide, soybean oligosaccharides, lactosucrose, xylo-oligosaccharide, chito-oligosaccharide, manno-oligosaccharide, aribino-oligosaccharide, siallyl-oligosaccharide, fuco- oligosaccharide, galacto-oligosaccharide, and gentio- oligosaccharides.
  • the total amount of prebiotics present in the nutritional composition may be from about 1.0 g/L to about 10.0 g/L of the composition. More preferably, the total amount of prebiotics present in the nutritional composition may be from about 2.0 g/L and about 8.0 g/L of the composition. At least 20% of the prebiotics can comprise a mixture of galacto- oligosaccharide and polydextrose. The amount of each of galacto-oligosaccharide and polydextrose in the nutritional composition may, in an embodiment, be within the range of from about 1.0 g/L to about 4.0 g/L.
  • the amount of galacto-oligosaccharide in the nutritional composition may, in an embodiment, be from about 0.1 mg/100 Kcal to about 1.0 mg/100 Kcal. In another embodiment, the amount of galacto-oligosaccharide in the nutritional composition may be from about 0.1 mg/100 Kcal to about 0.5 mg/100 Kcal.
  • the amount of polydextrose in the nutritional composition may, in an embodiment, be within the range of from about 0.1 mg/100 Kcal to about 0.5 mg/100 Kcal. In another embodiment, the amount of polydextrose may be about 0.3 mg/100 Kcal. In a particular embodiment, galacto-oligosaccharide and polydextrose are
  • the nutritional composition of the invention contains a source of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) that comprises docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
  • LCPUFAs long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • DHA docosahexaenoic acid
  • suitable LCPUFAs include, but are not limited to, a-linoleic acid, ⁇ - linoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (ARA).
  • the nutritional composition is supplemented with both DHA and ARA.
  • the weight ratio of ARA:DHA may be from about 1:3 to about 9:1. In one embodiment of the present invention, this ratio is from about 1:2 to about 4:1.
  • the amount of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the nutritional composition is advantageously at least about 5 mg/100 Kcal, and may vary from about 5 mg/100 kcal to about 100 mg/100 kcal, more preferably from about 10 mg/100 kcal to about 50 mg/100 kcal.
  • the nutritional composition may be supplemented with oils containing
  • DHA and ARA using standard techniques known in the art.
  • DHA and ARA may be added to the composition by replacing an equivalent amount of an oil, such as high oleic sunflower oil, normally present in the composition.
  • oils containing DHA and ARA may be added to the composition
  • the source of DHA and ARA may be any source known in the art such as marine oil, fish oil, single cell oil, egg yolk lipid, and brain lipid.
  • the DHA and ARA are sourced from the single cell Martek oil, DHASCO®, or variations thereof.
  • the DHA and ARA can be in natural form, provided that the remainder of the LCPUFA source does not result in any substantial deleterious effect on the infant. Alternatively, the DHA and ARA can be used in refined form.
  • sources of DHA and ARA are single cell oils as taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,374,567; 5,550,156; and 5,397,591, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
  • the disclosed nutritional composition includes a source of 6- glucan in each embodiment thereof.
  • Glucans are polysaccharides, specifically polymers of glucose, which are naturally occurring and may be found in cell walls of bacteria, fungi, yeast, and plants.
  • Beta glucans (6-glucans) are themselves a diverse subset of glucose polymers, which are made up of chains of glucose monomers linked together via beta-type glycosidic bonds to form complex
  • 6-1,3-glucans are carbohydrate polymers purified from, for example, yeast, mushroom, bacteria, algae, or cereals.
  • Stone BA Clarke AE. Chemistry and Biology of (l-3)-Beta-Glucans. London:Portland Press Ltd; 1993.
  • the chemical structure of 6-1,3-glucan depends on the source of the 6-1,3-glucan.
  • various physiochemical parameters such as solubility, primary structure, molecular weight, and branching, play a role in biological activities of 6-1,3-glucans.
  • Yadomae T. Structure and biological activities of fungal beta-l,3-glucans.
  • 6-1,3-glucans are naturally occurring polysaccharides, with or without
  • 6-1,6-glucose side chains that are found in the cell walls of a variety of plants, yeasts, fungi and bacteria.
  • 6-1, 3;1, 6-glucans are those containing glucose units with (1,3) links having side chains attached at the (1,6) position(s).
  • 6-l,3;l,6 glucans are a heterogeneous group of glucose polymers that share structural commonalities, including a backbone of straight chain glucose units linked by a 6- 1,3 bond with 6-1,6-linked glucose branches extending from this backbone. While this is the basic structure for the presently described class of 6-glucans, some variations may exist. For example, certain yeast ⁇ -glucans have additional regions of 6(1,3) branching extending from the 6(1,6) branches, which add further complexity to their respective structures.
  • 6-glucans derived from baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae are made up of chains of D-glucose molecules connected at the 1 and 3 positions, having side chains of glucose attached at the 1 and 6 positions.
  • Yeast-derived 6-glucan is an insoluble, fiber-like, complex sugar having the general structure of a linear chain of glucose units with a 6-1,3 backbone interspersed with 6-1,6 side chains that are generally 6-8 glucose units in length. More specifically, 6-glucan derived from baker's yeast is poly-(l,6)-6-D-glucopyranosyl-(l,3)-6-D-glucopyranose.
  • 6-glucans have been discovered to have the ability to stimulate the immune system of adults. Indeed, a variety of these polysaccharides have been shown to bind to 6-1,3-glucan receptors on monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. (Czop, J.K., & Austen, K.F. (1985). 6-glucans activate cellular immunity primarily through macrophages and neutrophils. Properties of glycans that activate the human alternate complement pathway and interact with the human monocyte beta glucan receptor. J. Immuno. 135, 3388-3393). 6-glucan has not, however, been identified as a substance that provides the benefits of the present disclosure and that can be administered to pediatric subjects.
  • the gut microflora of infants is well known to be less developed than that of an adult. While the microflora of the adult human consists of more than 10 13 microorganisms and nearly 500 species, the gut microflora of an infant contains only a fraction of those microorganisms, both in absolute number and species diversity. Because the bacterial populations and species vary dramatically between the gut of an infant or child and an adult, it cannot be assumed that a prebiotic substance that has a beneficial effect on adults would also have a beneficial effect on infants and/or children.
  • glucans are polysaccharides that belong to a group of physiologically active compounds described as biological defense modifiers. 6- 1,3; 1,6 glucans are a polysaccharide fraction that prime immune surveillance, which may decrease microbial-related illnesses in children or infants by
  • 6-glucans are well tolerated and do not produce or cause excess gas, abdominal distension, bloating or diarrhea in pediatric subjects.
  • the efficacy of 6-glucan as an immune system stimulator has not previously been demonstrated when the ⁇ -glucan is administered
  • the nutritional composition of the present disclosure comprises ⁇ -glucan together with a milk-based matrix, wherein the combination of the two ingredients provides a synergistic effect when incorporated in a nutritional composition.
  • the resulting nutritional composition has a stimulatory effect on a subject's respiratory burst capacity. More specifically, in some embodiments, the combination of 6-1, 3;1, 6-glucan with a milk-based matrix provides the effect of increasing the number of neutrophils in a subject.
  • phagocytes When exposed to certain stimuli, phagocytes, including neutrophils, eosinophils, and mononuclear phagocytes, greatly increase their glucose and oxygen consumption and begin to produce large amounts of superoxide (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a series of changes known as the "respiratory burst.”
  • the oxygen- containing compounds produced by the respiratory burst kill invading bacteria or pathogens in a process called oxygen- dependent intracellular killing. Therefore, stimulating the respiratory burst in a subject enhances the subject's immune system.
  • One milk-based formula which may be used for experimentation is the commercially available formula Enfagrow® (available from Mead Johnson & Company, Evansville, IN, U.S.A.).
  • the 6-glucan may comprise Wellmune WGP® (available from Biothera, Eagan, MN, U.S.A.).
  • mice are fed 6-glucan (1 mg/mouse/day) either alone or as mixed with a milk-based formula for a maximum of 10 days. Mice similarly fed with saline or with the milk-based formula alone are used as controls.
  • the uptake of oral 6-glucan occurs via the Peyer's patches of the small intestine. The particles taken up by the Peyer's patches subsequently enter the systemic circulation, as they are transported via macrophages. Subsequently, degradation occurs in the macrophages, breaking the 6-glucan into smaller fragments, which can subsequently activate neutrophils. The total cell numbers are assessed, as are the neutrophil respiratory burst activities, the activation markers on macrophages and on dendritic cells, and cytokine serum levels.
  • mice treated with formula matrix or ⁇ -glucan have significantly higher neutrophil counts on day 10 as compared to PBS untreated mice.
  • ⁇ -glucan and formula matrix may stimulate neutrophil mobilization and may play an important role in antimicrobial protective responses.
  • Milk-based formula alone, ⁇ -glucan alone and the combination of both increases the number of neutrophils significantly as compared to the controls.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show the respiratory burst by neutrophils, indicating that there is a synergy between ⁇ -glucan and the milk-based matrix, which significantly increases neutrophil respiratory burst.
  • both 6- glucan alone and milk-based formula alone have only a slightly higher respiratory burst effect than the control.
  • the combination of ⁇ -glucan with a milk- based formula has a synergistic effect on the respiratory burst capacity that is significantly higher than the controls.
  • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate that 6- glucan and milk-based matrix have a synergistic effect of promoting neutrophil respiratory burst.
  • IL-6 levels are also significantly elevated in mice treated with ⁇ -glucan plus formula matrix, as compared to mice receiving milk-based formula alone.
  • Figure 3 shows that IL-6 is significantly upregulated in mice receiving WGP® ⁇ -glucan alone and also by those receiving 6-glucan together with milk-based formula as compared to those mice receiving milk-based formula alone.
  • 6-glucan to a milk-based nutritional composition for a pediatric subject, such as an infant formula or a children's nutritional product, will improve the subject's immune response by increasing resistance against invading pathogens and therefore maintaining or improving overall health.
  • 6- 1,3;1, 6-glucan is able to induce a response by cells of the innate immune system. These in turn can activate adaptive immunity. Therefore, the ability of 6-1, 3;1, 6-glucan to prime the host immune system by increasing neutrophil cell count and enhancing respiratory burst capacity enhances a subject's immune response.
  • 6-1,3-glucans such as, for example, 6-
  • 1,3;1, 6-glucan are not directly absorbed by the metabolic processes of the digestion system. Indeed, significant systemic exposure following yeast ⁇ -glucan ingestion does not occur; however, small amounts of insoluble 6-glucan particles are taken up by the Peyer's patches of the small intestine, and these particles subsequently enter the systemic circulation, as they are transported via macrophages. Following phagocytosis of 6-glucan by macrophages, small fragments of the ingested 6-glucan are released from the macrophages. These fragments prime neutrophils and lymphocytes, such as natural killer (NK) cells. Moreover, 6-glucan can stimulate cytokine production and may also stimulate T lymphocytes (T cells). This mechanism of action of 6-glucan can link the activation of the innate immune system with the activation of adaptive immunity.
  • NK natural killer
  • the use of 6-1,3-glucan, or more specifically 6-1, 3; 1, 6-glucan enhances immune system function.
  • the use of 6-1, 3;1, 6-glucan may enhance resistance to infection and/or reduce
  • the present disclosure is directed to a method for enhancing the immune system function in a pediatric subject comprising administering to the subject a source of 6-1, 3;1, 6-glucan in a milk-based matrix.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a method for enhancing resistance to infection in a pediatric subject comprising administering to the subject 6- 1,3;1, 6-glucan in a milk-based matrix.
  • the present disclosure is directed at a method for reducing the duration and severity of infection caused by a broad spectrum of bacterial and viral pathogens in a pediatric subject comprising administering to a pediatric subject ⁇ -glucan in a milk-based matrix.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a method for reducing inflammatory responses
  • the nutritional composition of the present disclosure comprises 6-1,3- glucan.
  • the 6-1,3-glucan is 6-1, 3;1, 6-glucan.
  • the 6-glucan is whole glucan particle 6-glucan, particulate 6-glucan, PGG-glucan (poly-l,6-6-D-glucopyranosyl-l,3-6-D-glucopyranose) or any mixture thereof.
  • the nutritional composition comprises 6-l,3;l,6- glucan, which may be provided in the form of whole glucan particles, particulate or microparticulate ⁇ -glucan particles or by any combination thereof.
  • the 6-glucan of the present disclosure is an oligomer that resists digestion in the upper gut, meaning that they are minimally degraded by the digestive enzymes of the upper gut.
  • suitable 6-1, 3;1, 6-glucan may be extracted for practice of the present disclosure include Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers yeast), Lentinus edodes (Shitake mushrooms), Grifola frondosa (Maitake mushrooms), Schizophillum commune, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium glucanicum and the like.
  • the 6-1, 3;1, 6-glucan of the present disclosure is isolated from yeasts, mushrooms or other fungi.
  • the 6-glucan is derived from baker's yeast, more particularly, 6-glucan obtained from the cell walls of baker's yeast.
  • particulate 6-l,3;l,6 glucan may be isolated from cell walls of
  • the 6-1,3-glucan with 6-1, 6-glucan linkage extracted from yeast cells walls acts as a non-specific immune activator.
  • the nutritional composition of the present disclosure comprises 6- glucan consisting of long polymers of 6-1,3 glucose with about 3-6% of the backbone glucose units possessing a 6-1,6 branch.
  • the 6-glucan may be particulate Wellmune WGP® 6-glucan provided by Biothera of Eagan,
  • the nutritional composition comprises insoluble 6-1,3-glucan with at least one 6-1,6-branch.
  • the nutritional composition of the present disclosure comprises insoluble 6-glucan.
  • Some naturally occurring ⁇ -glucans are insoluble in water and may be very large molecules having relatively high molecular weights. Humans are unable to digest carbohydrate polymers with 6- glucosidic linkages. Because humans are unable to digest carbohydrate polymers with ⁇ -glucosidic linkages, absorption by the intestinal epithelium and significant exposure to particulate yeast ⁇ -glucans does not occur. However, some systemic exposure following oral administration does occur and is regulated within the Peyer's patches of the small intestine.
  • the ⁇ -glucan absorbed via the Peyer's patches is then transported to the reticuloendothelial system via macrophages.
  • the ⁇ -glucan of the nutritional composition may have been treated with enzymes to reduce its particle size or manipulate its molecular weight.
  • the 6-glucan of the nutritional composition functions as a prebiotic, which is not digested in the human stomach and small intestine, surviving mainly intact into the colon, at which point it is available for microbial fermentation.
  • the 6-glucan in the nutritional composition may comprise water-soluble, low molecular weight 6-glucan.
  • the nutritional composition may comprise enzymatically treated 6-glucans.
  • the nutritional composition comprises whole yeast 6-glucan particles.
  • the nutritional composition of the present disclosure may comprise 6- 1,3; 1, 6-glucan as part of a nutritional product for a pediatric subject, such as a children's product or infant formula.
  • a pediatric subject such as a children's product or infant formula.
  • the nutritional composition of the present disclosure may be substantially free of lactose.
  • the amount of 6-glucan present in the composition is at between about 0.010 and about 0.050 g per lOOg of composition.
  • the nutritional composition comprises about 10 mg 6-glucan per serving.
  • the nutritional composition comprises between about 5 and about 50 mg 6-glucan per serving.
  • the nutritional composition comprises an amount of 6-glucan sufficient to provide about 40 mg 6-glucan per day.
  • 6-glucan may be added to the nutritional composition at a concentration sufficient to deliver a target of about 38 mg of ⁇ -glucan per day to a subject. The nutritional composition may be delivered in multiple doses to reach a target amount of 6-glucan delivered to the subject throughout the day.
  • the nutritional composition of the present disclosure may be administered to a pediatric subject in an amount sufficient to deliver an amount of ⁇ -glucan ranging from between about 0.5 mg and about 200 mg per day.
  • the amount of ⁇ -glucan administered to a pediatric subject via the nutritional composition may range from about 1 mg to about 100 mg per day.
  • the nutritional composition may be formulated to deliver to a pediatric subject between about 20 mg to about 50 mg per day.
  • the amount of 6-glucan administered to a pediatric subject via the nutritional composition may be about 35 mg per day.
  • the children's product is a milk substitute in the form of a reconstituteable powder to be served 1 to 3 times per day, and the amount of 6-glucan administered to a child may range from about 25 to about 50 mg/day of 6-glucan.
  • three servings per day of the nutritional composition is recommended for a pediatric subject, with each to deliver a total of from about 25 to about 50 mg/day of 6-glucan.
  • the nutritional composition comprising 6-1,3- glucan is provided as a nutritionally complete infant formula, which contains suitable types and amounts of lipid, carbohydrate, protein, vitamins and minerals.
  • the amount of carbohydrate may vary from about 8 to about 12 g/100 kcal, with protein from about 1 to about 5 g/100 kcal, lipid or fat from about 3 to about 7 g/lOOkcal and may be supplemented with an amount of 6-1, 3; 1, 6-glucan comprising between about 5 and about 577 mg/100 kcal.
  • Nutritional compositions of the present disclosure may be milk-based, in the form of liquid, evaporated, condensed or dry milk.
  • the nutritional composition may also include non- dairy liquid or solid food products, protein, flavors or flavor masking agents, sweeteners and vitamins or dietary supplements.
  • the nutritional composition may be any suitable nutritional composition.
  • the nutritional composition is a children's nutritional product.
  • the nutritional composition comprises an infant formula.
  • the nutritional composition comprises a nutritionally complete infant formula.
  • the nutritional composition comprises a nutritionally complete children's nutritional product.
  • the disclosed nutritional composition may be provided in any form known in the art, such as a powder, a gel, a suspension, a paste, a solid, a liquid, a liquid concentrate, reconstituteable powdered milk substitute, or a ready-to-use product.
  • the nutritional composition may, in certain embodiments, comprise a nutritional supplement, children's nutritional product, infant formula, human milk fortifier, growing up milk or any other nutritional composition designed for a pediatric subject.
  • Nutritional compositions of the present disclosure include, for example, orally- ingestible, health-promoting substances including, for example, chewable foods, beverages, tablets, capsules and powders.
  • the nutritional composition of the present disclosure may be standardized to a specific caloric content, it may be provided as a ready-to-use product, or it may be provided in a concentrated form.
  • one or more vitamins and/or minerals may be added in amounts sufficient to supply the daily nutritional requirements of children between one and thirteen years old. It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that vitamin and mineral requirements will vary for children between the ages of one and thirteen years. Thus, the embodiments are not intended to limit the nutritional composition to a particular age group but, rather, to provide a range applicable to children between the one and thirteen years old.
  • the composition may optionally include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following vitamins or derivations thereof: vitamin Bi (thiamin, thiamin
  • vitamin B2 riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide, FMN, flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD, lactoflavin, ovoflavin
  • vitamin B3 niacin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, niacinamide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD, nicotinic acid mononucleotide, NicMN, pyridine-3-carboxylic acid
  • vitamin B3-precursor tryptophan vitamin Be (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxine hydrochloride), pantothenic acid (pantothenate, panthenol), folate (folic acid, folacin, pteroylglutamic acid), vitamin B12
  • phylloquinone naphthoquinone, vitamin K2, menaquinone-7, vitamin K3, menaquinone-4, menadione, menaquinone-8, menaquinone-8H, menaquinone-9, menaquinone-9H, menaquinone-10, menaquinone-11, menaquinone-12,
  • menaquinone-13 menaquinone-13
  • choline inositol
  • ⁇ -carotene any combinations thereof.
  • the composition may optionally include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following minerals or derivations thereof: boron, calcium, calcium acetate, calcium gluconate, calcium chloride, calcium lactate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, chloride, chromium, chromium chloride, chromium picolonate, copper, copper sulfate, copper gluconate, cupric sulfate, fluoride, iron, carbonyl iron, ferric iron, ferrous fumarate, ferric orthophosphate, iron trituration, polysaccharide iron, iodide, iodine, magnesium, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium stearate, magnesium sulfate, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus, potassium, potassium phosphate, potassium iodide, potassium chloride, potassium acetate, selenium, sulfur, sodium, docusate sodium,
  • the minerals can be added to children's nutritional compositions in the form of salts such as calcium phosphate, calcium glycerol phosphate, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, potassium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, cupric sulfate, manganese sulfate, and sodium selenite.
  • salts such as calcium phosphate, calcium glycerol phosphate, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, potassium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, cupric sulfate, manganese sulfate, and sodium selenite.
  • the children's nutritional composition may contain between about 10 and about 50% of the maximum dietary recommendation for any given country, or between about 10 and about 50% of the average dietary recommendation for a group of countries, per serving of vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, iron, iodine, selenium, and choline.
  • the children's nutritional composition may supply about 10 - 30% of the maximum dietary recommendation for any given country, or about 10 - 30% of the average dietary recommendation for a group of countries, per serving of B-vitamins.
  • the levels of vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium in the children's nutritional product may correspond with the average levels found in milk.
  • other nutrients in the children's nutritional composition may be present at about 20% of the maximum dietary recommendation for any given country, or about 20% of the average dietary recommendation for a group of countries, per serving.
  • the children's nutritional composition of the present disclosure may optionally include one or more of the following flavoring agents, including, but not limited to, flavored extracts, volatile oils, cocoa or chocolate flavorings, peanut butter flavoring, cookie crumbs, vanilla or any commercially available flavoring.
  • flavoring agents including, but not limited to, flavored extracts, volatile oils, cocoa or chocolate flavorings, peanut butter flavoring, cookie crumbs, vanilla or any commercially available flavoring.
  • useful flavorings include, but are not limited to, pure anise extract, imitation banana extract, imitation cherry extract, chocolate extract, pure lemon extract, pure orange extract, pure peppermint extract, honey, imitation pineapple extract, imitation rum extract, imitation strawberry extract, or vanilla extract; or volatile oils, such as balm oil, bay oil, bergamot oil, cedarwood oil, cherry oil, cinnamon oil, clove oil, or peppermint oil; peanut butter, chocolate flavoring, vanilla cookie crumb, butterscotch, toffee, and mixtures thereof.
  • the amounts of flavoring agent can vary greatly depending upon the flavoring agent used. The type and amount of flavoring agent can be selected as is known in the art.
  • the nutritional compositions of the present disclosure may optionally include one or more emulsifiers that may be added for stability of the final product.
  • suitable emulsifiers include, but are not limited to, lecithin (e.g., from egg or soy), alpha lactalbumin and/or mono- and di-glycerides, and mixtures thereof.
  • lecithin e.g., from egg or soy
  • alpha lactalbumin e.g., from egg or soy
  • mono- and di-glycerides e.g., from egg or soy
  • Other emulsifiers are readily apparent to the skilled artisan and selection of suitable emulsifier(s) will depend, in part, upon the formulation and final product.
  • the nutritional compositions of the present disclosure may optionally include one or more preservatives that may also be added to extend product shelf life.
  • Suitable preservatives include, but are not limited to, potassium sorbate, sodium sorbate, potassium benzoate, sodium benzoate, calcium disodium EDTA, and mixtures thereof.
  • the nutritional compositions of the present disclosure may optionally include one or more stabilizers.
  • Suitable stabilizers for use in practicing the nutritional composition of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, gum arabic, gum ghatti, gum karaya, gum tragacanth, agar, furcellaran, guar gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum, pectin, low methoxyl pectin, gelatin, microcrystalline cellulose, CMC (sodium carboxymethylcellulose), methylcellulose hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, DATEM (diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides), dextran, carrageenans, and mixtures thereof.
  • the nutritional composition of the present disclosure may be substantially free of any optional or selected ingredients described herein, provided that the remaining nutritional composition still contains all of the required ingredients or features described herein.
  • the term "substantially free” means that the selected composition may contain less than a functional amount of the optional ingredient, typically less than 0.1% by weight, and also, including zero percent by weight of such optional or selected ingredient.
  • compositions of the present disclosure can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations of the embodiments described herein, as well as any additional or optional ingredients, components or limitations described herein or otherwise useful in nutritional compositions.
  • Table 1 provides an example embodiment of a powdered nutritional composition according to the present disclosure.
  • the weight of corn syrup solids may be adjusted when alternate sources of oligofructose and/or DHA powder are used.
  • the powdered nutritional composition described in Table 1 may be reconstituted with water.

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Abstract

La présente invention a trait à des compositions nutritionnelles destinées à des enfants, telles que les produits nutritionnels pour enfants et les formules pour bébés, ces compositions comprenant une source de protéines, une source de graisse, une source de glucides et une source de β-glucane.
EP11726551A 2010-05-28 2011-05-27 Compositions nutritionnelles Withdrawn EP2533652A1 (fr)

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US12/790,670 US20110293784A1 (en) 2010-05-28 2010-05-28 Milk-based nutritional compositions
US12/790,666 US20110293783A1 (en) 2010-05-28 2010-05-28 Nutritional compositions for enhancing immune function
PCT/US2011/038346 WO2011150337A1 (fr) 2010-05-28 2011-05-27 Compositions nutritionnelles

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US9661874B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2017-05-30 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Nutritional compositions containing structured fat globules and uses thereof
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WO2011150337A1 (fr) 2011-12-01
RU2541396C2 (ru) 2015-02-10
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BR112012023328A2 (pt) 2016-08-23
CN103096734B (zh) 2017-08-08

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