EP2532060B1 - Parafoudre à éclateur à cornes doté d'une chambre de désionisation - Google Patents

Parafoudre à éclateur à cornes doté d'une chambre de désionisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2532060B1
EP2532060B1 EP11731376.7A EP11731376A EP2532060B1 EP 2532060 B1 EP2532060 B1 EP 2532060B1 EP 11731376 A EP11731376 A EP 11731376A EP 2532060 B1 EP2532060 B1 EP 2532060B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
spark gap
arc
horn spark
lightning current
electrodes
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EP11731376.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2532060A1 (fr
Inventor
Arnd Ehrhardt
Stefanie Schreiter
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Dehn SE and Co KG
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Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to SI201130935A priority Critical patent/SI2532060T1/sl
Publication of EP2532060A1 publication Critical patent/EP2532060A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/14—Arcing horns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Hörnerfunkenrangen-Blitzstromableiter with Deionhunt for arc quenching in a housing in non-blown design, and measures to adjust a different behavior of the resulting in a pulse current load arc on the one hand and the Netz Riversidestrom-related arc on the other.
  • each electrode of the horn spark gap on a connecting element and a spark plug wherein the spark horns of the spaced-apart electrodes form an air breakdown spark gap.
  • a splitter plate arrangement having a plurality of extinguishing plates, which is arranged opposite the connection elements of distal ends of the electrodes at a distance from the ends of the electrodes.
  • the previously known spark gap is carried out blowing and thereby requires complex and expansive protective measures. To realize a sufficient current limitation and aging stability with regard to the occurring thermal and mechanical loads, the spark gap decreases DE 44 35 968 C2 a division of the arc, using two Deionhuntn, which also leads to additional costs.
  • EP 0 920 098 A2 From the EP 0 920 098 A2 is an overvoltage protection element known, with the aid of which the running behavior of an arc can be improved, regardless of the type of current.
  • the arc moves quickly away from the ignition, the lesson after EP 0 920 098 A2 describes a blowout Hörnerfunkenumble in a housing and ignites along an insulating part of the arc between two divergent asymmetric horn electrodes.
  • DE102005015401 discloses a horn gap lightning arrester with deion chamber for arc quenching in a housing.
  • the distance between the opposite electrode surfaces of the horn spark gap in the first ignition region is kept narrow.
  • the arrangement has the opposing electrode surfaces in the second ignition region a small distance widening in the direction of the end of the horn spark gap.
  • Current holes are present in the electrodes.
  • the gas stream, which passes through the deion chamber, is at least partially returned to the ignition area via deflection means and guided to the flow openings present in the electrodes.
  • the distance of the opposite electrode surfaces of the horn spark gap in the ignition is kept very narrow to prevent unwanted migration of the arc at lightning pulse currents.
  • the arrangement of the opposing electrode surfaces in the ignition region is substantially parallel or has only a very small distance widening in the direction of the end of the horn spark gap.
  • the Force action of the reflected pressure wave or pressure waves is used for further reduction or compensation of the current forces, which would cause an undesired movement of the flash pulse current arc in the direction of the Deionhunt.
  • the effectiveness of these pressure reflections to the persistence of the arc is limited in particular to lightning pulse impulse currents and is also limited in time.
  • the intensity and the duration of the effective forces of the reflection front in the action taken controls such that in particular the critical high-energy lightning pulse burst currents are very effectively forced to persist at the ignition.
  • the measures described above can also be used for a completely encapsulated Hörner spark gap with Deionhunt to limit the current of the Folgestromlichtbogens without that, the mobility of the follower stream promoting, internal gas circulation also drives the lightning pulse impulse current in the Deionhunt.
  • the delayed in such a spark gap gas stream which passes through the Deionhunt is at least partially returned to the arc running range of the spark gap via deflection.
  • a trigger electrode can be arranged in the ignition region.
  • the trigger electrode comprises a conductive element which is surrounded by a sliding path or which has adjacent sliding sections of an insulating or semiconducting material.
  • the trigger electrode is either inserted at one of the two electrodes in the ignition region or between the two electrodes of the horn spark gap, and preferably arranged in the lower region of the ignition region.
  • the sliding sections can be arranged or executed asymmetrically.
  • the pulsed current arc tends to be diffuse at the beginning of its formation. This behavior favors the existence of multiple arc bases and a not yet heavily contracted arc. Excessive constriction or cooling of the arc by adjacent elements such as sliding aids, a housing wall, ceramic plates or the like within the initial phase of the arc increases the power conversion in the plasma and the arc is transferred more quickly to the state of a thermal plasma. In this state, the arc contraction is much more pronounced and the arc is more exposed to the forces acting on it, which favor an undesirable migration during the load with impressed lightning impulse currents.
  • the above-mentioned effect is counteracted by reducing the distance of the electrodes in the ignition region to a value of less than 1.2 mm, preferably 0.8 mm.
  • the active electrode areas are approximately equally spaced within the firing range. This approximate equidistant spacing is present in particular in the region above the ignition point in the arc running direction. Due to the low initial expansion, i. the minimal change in the distance between the diverging electrodes prevents or limits the escape of the arc. The amount of initial widening of the distance between the divergent electrodes should be at most 50%.
  • the width of the active electrode surface is set in a preferred embodiment with at least 2 mm. For pulse currents up to 50 kA, an active electrode width of 2 mm to 6 mm is preferred and sufficient.
  • a current density smaller than 2 kA / mm 2, preferably 1 kA / mm 2 based is to be realized on the amplitude of the injected pulse current under conditions of a normal air atmosphere, in order to prevent constriction of the arc in the area of generation constructively.
  • the thermal time constant of the arc in air can thus be about 10 ⁇ s to 100 ⁇ s.
  • the flow cross-section and the flow resistance is designed in the presented arrester with internal gas circulation, that the reflection of the pressure wave generated by the Impulssttom itself counteracts the movement of the arc.
  • this can serve to increase the flow resistance in the inlet region of the Delon chamber, but also the resistance of the flow in the venting of the Delon chamber.
  • the propagation velocity of the pressure wave in the respective medium has to be considered.
  • the first reflected pressure wave should not necessarily hit the arc before it reaches its own material-dependent self-persistent time of up to several 10 ⁇ s. Times significantly greater than 100 ⁇ s or times greater than the back half-life of the lightning current pulse, it is necessary to avoid.
  • Fig. 1a Based on Fig. 1a is the basic embodiment of the horn spark gap lightning arrester arrangement according to the invention traceable.
  • the spark gap arrangement is in this case integrated into a series installation housing 1 and has two connection terminals 2.
  • the spark gap has two low-divergent electrodes 3 and 4 with recesses 5 for gas circulation and follow-current arc flow.
  • the deion chamber 6 With openings for gas circulation.
  • the running range of the arc between the ignition range (see detailed illustration to Fig. 1b ) and the Deionhunt 6 is bounded laterally by insulating plates (see Fig. 2 , Reference numeral 8).
  • the Deionhunt 6 preferably has a mutual venting of the individual Deionhuntabschnltte. These openings are placed both laterally and on the front side of the Deionhunt 6.
  • the gases are returned to the running region of the spark gap via the mentioned lateral recesses 5 in the electrodes 3 and 4.
  • These lateral flow openings or recesses 5 are above the range in which the arc stagnates during a load with a lightning pulse current (see Fig. 1b ).
  • the effluent from the Deionhunt 6 amount of gas is divided by a splitter 7 into several individual gas streams.
  • This splitter 7 also prevents a direct gas flow from the Deionhunt 6 in the lateral recesses 5, whereby no heated and / or ionized gases are returned to the running area even with very strong arcing loads. In addition, the supply of Abbrand excursin or corresponding Abbrandpumblen is prevented.
  • the splitter 7 can be designed as an angled small partition wall and is located in the region for gas relaxation, i. in the area in which gases from the running area and the arc chamber to flow.
  • the splitter 7 serves in this area as a separation or deflection wall for the gases which are still supplied from the arc chamber at a high temperature and which are fed back to the arc running area by bilateral grooves in the electrodes.
  • the relatively direct gas flow from the arc chamber is focused on the splitter and is divided into two flows with longer path among other things for cooling and distribution in terms of a diffuse flow, both of which enter the gas supply openings in the electrode area.
  • the still heated gas is divided on both sides into two flows, cooled and additionally prevents the introduction of loose, conductive particles in the electrode area.
  • the existing splitters assist in evenly distributing the cooled gases to all return flow openings in the arc run area. This even division is of great importance for optimal support of the follow-up current of the follow-current arc.
  • the relatively narrow follow current arc could easily escape the motion assisting effect of the targeted internal gas circulation. This would counterproductively lead to very long arc times from the point of ignition to the arc chamber or even to the continuity of the arc, whereby a failure of the spark gap would be possible.
  • the splitter thus supports the primary basic functionality for the encapsulation of the horn spark gap, namely the internal targeted gas circulation to ensure the running behavior of the follow-current arc and thus the follow current limiting and erasing.
  • the cross section of the recesses 5 in the electrodes is chosen to be very small compared to the vents of the deion chamber 6 and is less than 10% of the opening cross section of the vents in an exemplary implementation.
  • the Fig. 1b shows the ignition range of the arc, which forms between the electrodes 3 and 4 below the recesses 5 for the gas circulation, in detail.
  • the ignition of the arc can be active or passive.
  • the arc arises here between the two electrodes 3 and 4 in the area A.
  • the distance of the electrodes in the region A is in the embodiment between 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm.
  • the area in which the arc remains during a load by lightning impulse current extends maximally up to the area B.
  • the widening of the distance of the diverging electrodes is opposite to the area A at the place B maximally 50%.
  • the resulting electrode area between regions A and B corresponds at least to the area which results from the quotient of the maximum amplitude of the impressed pulse current and the preferred current density of 1 kA / mm 2 .
  • the Fig. 2 shows the cross section of the Deionhunt as well as the positioning of preferred reflection areas.
  • the arc running range is limited by insulating cover plates 8.
  • the net follow-current arc 9 runs along the divergent electrodes 3, 4 to the inlet region C of the deion chamber 6 and then divides into the individual chamber sections.
  • the Deionhunt 6 has lateral and frontal vents (arrow displays) through which the areas between the individual sheets with V-shaped cut of the Deionhunt are alternately vented.
  • the individual sheets with V-shaped incision are dashed lines within the Deionhunt 6 represents.
  • the vent On the front side of the Delonhunt the vent is also divided in the axial direction of the chamber by an insulating web 10.
  • the flow resistance in the inlet region C of the Deionhunt 6 can be influenced by other measures in addition to the choice of the distance of the individual sheets, the design of the V-shaped notch and the distance of the respective first individual plate of the Deionhunt to the respective electrodes or baffles 3, 4.
  • the V-shaped notches of the Deionhunt can additionally be dammed by means of insulation.
  • the flow resistance in the vent region D of the deion chamber 6 can be influenced and specified by the number, size and shape of the vent openings.
  • the flow resistance can also be changed by the volume and the geometry of the return flow channels next to and above the deion chamber 6.
  • both the reflection of the pressure wave in the inlet region C and in the venting region D are suitable for promoting the continuance of the pulsed current arc directly in the vicinity of the ignition region (see Fig. 1b ) of the electrodes 3, 4.
  • Crucial for the selection of the lower reflection range are according to the design of the Spark gap the requirements regarding the pulse load capacity and the extinguishing capacity at mains follow current.
  • the proposed measures according to the invention cause a sure persistence of lightning impulse currents with residence times of several ms in the ignition range between section A and section B of the spark gap.
  • Fig. 3 shows a superimposition of current (bottom) and voltage curves (top) of a conventional encapsulated horn spark gap with deion chamber at impulse (E) and net sequence current load (F).
  • the arc at pulse current due to the high current gradient and amplitude enters very rapidly into the Deionhunt.
  • the energetic load of the Deionhunt is very high due to the impressed pulse current, which can not be limited in practice when entering the chamber.
  • the parts of the entire spark gap are disproportionately stressed by the pressure effect and the thermal load.
  • the energy conversion in the deion chamber at 25 kA 10/350 ⁇ s is in the range up to 7 kJ.
  • the specific energy for a prospective grid follow-up current of 25 kA is only 2 kA 2 s. At a pulse current load of 25 kA 10/350 ⁇ s, however, this value is approximately 100 times.
  • the design of the spark gap according to the invention it is possible to design the parts of the arc chamber or the entire spark gap for a significantly lower energetic load. Energetically strong and thus costly material is necessary only in the ignition range of the horn spark gap between the sections A and B.
  • the Fig. 4 shows the behavior of an encapsulated horn spark gap according to the invention.
  • the course of arc voltage and the current limit at mains sequence current load (F) correspond to the equivalent curves (F) according to FIG Fig. 3 .
  • E pulse current
  • the arc persists according to the invention in the ignition range of the two electrodes, so that the thermal and dynamic loading of the entire spark gap to a fraction of the load of a spark gap according to the courses Fig. 3 reduced by a significantly lower arc voltage.
  • the energy conversion is reduced at a pulse load of 25 kA pulse shape 10/350 microseconds at least by a factor of 10 with respect to a spark gap without corresponding separation of functions with respect to mains follower and lightning impulse.
  • the energy conversion which as a result of encapsulation 100% loads all parts of the spark gap, can be drastically reduced.
  • a reduction of the size is possible and it is the design effort less.
  • simpler and therefore cheaper materials can be used.
  • the design of the ignition region is effected in another embodiment via the use of a trigger electrode.
  • the Fig. 5 shows an embodiment with trigger electrode 11 in the ignition area.
  • the trigger electrode 11 and the sliding section 12 are guided through a recess within or laterally on one of the two main electrodes 3, 4.
  • This variant is suitable in particular for a slide-free design of the spark gap between the two main electrodes 3, 4.
  • the ignition arrangement shown after Fig. 5 is also thermally and by the erosion-resistant electrode material of the corresponding main electrode mechanically very well protected and thus particularly resistant to aging. This is for the presented embodiment of the horn spark gap of particular advantage, since the persistence of the pulsed current arc in the ignition region and the trigger electrode loaded more. With the presented embodiment of the arrangement of the trigger electrode, it is also particularly easy to realize the necessary for the presented embodiments small distance between the two main electrodes 3, 4 with very good insulation values.
  • a lateral arrangement of the trigger electrode is also conceivable.
  • the trigger electrode 11 is located between the two main electrodes 3 and 4.
  • the trigger electrode 11 is arranged within two sliding sections 13, 14.
  • a vertical elevation and / or thicker design of a sliding section 14 can also be selected. This also results in an improvement of the insulation value.
  • An embodiment of one or both sliding sections as an air gap is also within the meaning of the invention.
  • an increased ignition voltage is provided by using an ignition transformer.
  • electrically conductive material as a rollover aid basically only one voltage switching element is required.
  • the ignition delay time of the total spark gap can, if required, be chosen to be very small due to the inventively small distances of the two main electrodes 3, 4, whereby the energetic load and thus also the size also is very low.
  • the small distance between the main electrodes also ensures, for example in the event of failure of the trigger circuit, the function of a passive arrester with a maximum protection level of 4 kV.
  • electrically conductive material as a rollover aid basically only a voltage switching element and / or current-limiting element such as a resistor, varistor, PTC or the like is required.

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  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Parafoudre avec éclateur à cornes doté d'une chambre de désionisation (6) pour l'extinction d'un arc dans un boîtier (1) et comprenant des moyens pour établir un comportement différent de l'arc qui apparaît lors de l'application d'un courant par impulsions (E) d'une part ainsi que de l'arc (9) provoqué par un courant induit du réseau (F) d'autre part, dans lequel à cet effet la distance des surfaces électrodes opposées (3 ; 4) de l'éclateur à cornes est maintenue étroite dans la zone d'allumage (A) et l'agencement des surfaces électrodes opposées dans la zone d'allumage (A) possède un faible élargissement de distance en direction de l'extrémité de l'éclateur à cornes, dans lequel des ouvertures d'écoulement (5) sont prévues dans les électrodes (3 ; 4), et le parafoudre avec éclateur à cornes est réalisé en outre sous une forme structurelle dépourvue de soufflage et prévoit une circulation du gaz de telle façon que l'onde de pression engendrée par l'arc provoqué par le courant en impulsions de foudre est réfléchie par la chambre de désionisation (6) et/ou par les obstacles d'écoulement, et s'oppose au mouvement de l'arc, et le courant de gaz qui passe à travers la chambre de désionisation (6) est renvoyé via des moyens de déflexion au moins partiellement vers la zone d'allumage et est guidé vers les ouvertures d'écoulement (5) prévues dans les électrodes (3 ; 4) uniquement afin d'assister le mouvement de l'arc dû à des courants induits du réseau (9) en direction de la chambre de désionisation (6), dans lequel les ouvertures d'écoulement (5) se trouvent à cet effet au-dessus de la zone d'allumage (A) et au-dessus de la zone (B), dans laquelle l'arc stagne pendant l'application d'un courant en impulsions de foudre, en direction de la chambre de désionisation (6), et le moyen de déflexion inclut un répartiteur (7) qui est réalisé sous la forme d'une petite paroi de séparation en équerre dans la zone pour la détente de gaz, c'est-à-dire dans la région dans laquelle s'écoule les gaz provenant de la zone courante et de la chambre à arc, dans lequel le répartiteur (7) empêche un écoulement direct du gaz depuis la chambre de désionisation (6) vers les ouvertures d'écoulement (5).
  2. Parafoudre avec éclateur à cornes selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la distance des surfaces électrodes opposées (3 ; 4) dans la zone d'allumage (A) et plus petite que 1,5 mm, de préférence dans la plage entre 0,5 mm et 0,8 mm.
  3. Parafoudre avec éclateur à cornes selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la divergence de l'élargissement de la distance des surfaces électrodes opposées (3 ; 4) dans la zone d'allumage (A) est au maximum de 50 %.
  4. Parafoudre avec éclateur à cornes selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que la largeur des surfaces électrodes (3 ; 4) dans la zone d'allumage (A) est essentiellement entre 2 mm et 6 mm.
  5. Parafoudre avec éclateur à cornes selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que l'agencement est intégré dans un boîtier de montage en ligne (1), ledit boîtier possédant des ouvertures en forme d'intervalles ou de fentes pour l'égalisation de pression.
  6. Parafoudre avec éclateur à cornes selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que la zone courante de l'arc respectif est limitée par des plaques isolantes (8) qui recouvrent latéralement les électrodes (3 ; 4), lesdites plaques (8) s'étendant depuis la zone d'allumage (A) jusqu'à la chambre de désionisation (6).
  7. Parafoudre avec éclateur à cornes selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que la surface de section transversale des ouvertures d'écoulement (5) dans les électrodes (3 ; 4) et sensiblement plus petite que la surface totale des ouvertures de sortie d'écoulement de la chambre de désionisation (6).
  8. Parafoudre avec éclateur à cornes selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que la chambre de désionisation (6) comprend une pluralité de tôles individuelles écartées, qui présentent chacune une entaille en forme de V, telle que l'ouverture du V est orientée vers l'éclateurs à cornes, afin de régler ou d'imposer la résistance à l'écoulement dans la zone d'entrée (C) de la chambre de désionisation (6) au moyen du choix de la distance des tôles individuelles et/ou d'un amortissement additionnel.
  9. Parafoudre avec éclateur à cornes selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de désionisation (6) comporte des ouvertures de désaération, et la résistance à l'écoulement dans la zone d'entrée (C) de la chambre de désionisation (6) peut être réglée ou imposée au moyen de leur nombre, de leur taille et de leur conformation.
  10. Parafoudre avec éclateur à cornes selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'une électrode de gâchette (11) est agencée dans la zone d'allumage (A).
  11. Parafoudre avec éclateur à cornes selon la revendication 10,
    caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de gâchette (11) inclut un élément conducteur, qui est entouré par un trajet lisse (12) ou qui comprend des trajets lisses (13 ; 14) voisins.
  12. Parafoudre avec éclateur à cornes selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de gâchette (11) est mise en place dans l'une des deux électrodes (3 ; 4) dans la zone d'allumage (A), ou est agencée entre les deux électrodes (3 ; 4) de l'éclateur à cornes.
  13. Parafoudre avec éclateur à cornes selon la revendication 11,
    caractérisé en ce que les trajets lisses (13 ; 14) sont agencés ou réalisés de façon asymétrique.
EP11731376.7A 2010-08-04 2011-07-14 Parafoudre à éclateur à cornes doté d'une chambre de désionisation Active EP2532060B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201130935A SI2532060T1 (sl) 2010-08-04 2011-07-14 Odvodnik toka strele rogljatega iskrila z deionizacijsko komoro

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010033293 2010-08-04
DE102011051738.3A DE102011051738B4 (de) 2010-08-04 2011-07-11 Hörnerfunkenstrecken-Blitzstromableiter mit Deionkammer
PCT/EP2011/062041 WO2012016804A1 (fr) 2010-08-04 2011-07-14 Parafoudre à éclateur à cornes doté d'une chambre de désionisation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2532060A1 EP2532060A1 (fr) 2012-12-12
EP2532060B1 true EP2532060B1 (fr) 2016-06-22

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US (1) US9083153B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2532060B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103069673B (fr)
DE (1) DE102011051738B4 (fr)
PL (1) PL2532060T3 (fr)
SI (1) SI2532060T1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012016804A1 (fr)

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DE102016115223B4 (de) * 2015-11-10 2022-02-17 Dehn Se + Co Kg Hörnerfunkenstrecke mit Deionkammer in nichtausblasender Bauform
DE202018106960U1 (de) 2018-02-27 2019-01-03 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzanordnung, bestehend aus einer in einem isolierenden Gehäuse befindlichen Hörnerfunkenstrecke
DE102018117275B3 (de) 2018-05-24 2019-07-04 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Nichtrotationssymmetrische Hörnerfunkenstrecke mit Deionkammer
DE102019101200A1 (de) * 2018-07-04 2020-01-09 Dehn Se + Co Kg Überspannungsschutzanordnung mit einer in einem isolierenden Gehäuse befindlichen Hörnerfunkenstrecke mit Deionkammer zur Lichtbogenlöschung
DE102018116421A1 (de) * 2018-07-06 2020-01-09 Sachin Kumar Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Zweirädern
DE102019210236A1 (de) 2019-05-09 2020-11-12 Dehn Se + Co Kg Blitzschutz-Funkenstreckenanordnung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Blitzschutz-Funkenstreckenanordnung
CN112117656B (zh) * 2019-06-20 2022-04-01 王巨丰 一种多固相气流多段同步灭弧方法及系统
DE102019209477B4 (de) 2019-06-28 2021-01-21 Dehn Se + Co Kg Blitzschutz-Funkenstrecke
DE102020214136B3 (de) 2020-11-10 2021-12-09 Dehn Se + Co Kg Blitzschutz-Funkenstrecke
DE102021208076B4 (de) 2021-07-27 2023-06-22 Dehn Se Überspannungsschutz-Funkenstreckenanordnung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Überspannungsschutz-Funkenstreckenanordnung
IT202100028448A1 (it) * 2021-11-09 2023-05-09 Zotup S R L Scaricatore di sovratensioni comprendente un disconnettore e relativa camera di estinzione/deionizzazione
EP4339989A1 (fr) * 2022-09-14 2024-03-20 RIPD IP Development Ltd Ensembles de protection électrique et dispositifs de protection contre les surtensions

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CN103069673B (zh) 2014-09-17
CN103069673A (zh) 2013-04-24
US9083153B2 (en) 2015-07-14
DE102011051738B4 (de) 2023-05-04
US20130208388A1 (en) 2013-08-15
EP2532060A1 (fr) 2012-12-12
WO2012016804A1 (fr) 2012-02-09
SI2532060T1 (sl) 2016-10-28
RU2013105147A (ru) 2014-09-10
PL2532060T3 (pl) 2016-12-30

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