EP2532060B1 - Horn spark gap lightning arrestor with a deion chamber - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a Hörnerfunkenstrecken-Blitzstromableiter with Deionkammer for arc quenching in a housing in non-blown design, and measures to adjust a different behavior of the resulting in a pulse current load arc on the one hand and the Netzfolgestrom-related arc on the other.

From the DE 44 35 968 C2 is an overvoltage protection element for the derivation of transient overvoltages on the basis of a Hörnerfunkenstrecke previously known. There, each electrode of the horn spark gap on a connecting element and a spark plug, wherein the spark horns of the spaced-apart electrodes form an air breakdown spark gap. Furthermore, within the housing of the overvoltage protection element there is provided a splitter plate arrangement having a plurality of extinguishing plates, which is arranged opposite the connection elements of distal ends of the electrodes at a distance from the ends of the electrodes.

The previously known spark gap is carried out blowing and thereby requires complex and expansive protective measures. To realize a sufficient current limitation and aging stability with regard to the occurring thermal and mechanical loads, the spark gap decreases DE 44 35 968 C2 a division of the arc, using two Deionkammern, which also leads to additional costs.

There is a requirement for modern lightning current arresters in modular housings for low-voltage applications to perform these encapsulated. Such lightning arresters must have a high net follow current extinguishing capability and a high net follow current limitation.

In the EP 1 535 378 B1 or the EP 0 860 918 B1 are lightning current-carrying spark gap with Deionkammern for DIN rail mounted devices shown, which are made blowing out, but in which the escaping gases are at least partially deionized. Also, these spark gaps have no possibility of a division of functions between occurring pulse and Netzfolgeströmen.

From the EP 0 920 098 A2 is an overvoltage protection element known, with the aid of which the running behavior of an arc can be improved, regardless of the type of current. The arc moves quickly away from the ignition, the lesson after EP 0 920 098 A2 describes a blowout Hörnerfunkenstrecke in a housing and ignites along an insulating part of the arc between two divergent asymmetric horn electrodes.

Basically, the use of the widespread in the low-voltage principle principle for Netzfolgestrombegrenzung by Deionkammern in lightning arresters is problematic. The effective net follow current limiting in the use of Deionkammern based on the rapid retraction of the arc in the corresponding quenching chamber. The time to run into the quenching chamber is small, if a small distance between ignition point and Deionkammer and a high arc speed can be realized. However, the speed of the arc depends on numerous parameters, including the material of the electrodes, the flow resistance, the arrangement and the corresponding forces acting on the arc.

Since with the goal of a strong net follow current limiting the height of the instantaneous value of the net follow current must always be smaller than the height of the impressed pulse currents, so arises a contradiction, since the supporting forces of the arc movement increase with the height of the current according to the Lorentz rule ,

In known Hörnerfunkenstrecken this leads to the fact that at a rapid shrinkage of the net follow-current arc into the quenching chamber and a good network follow current limiting the longer lasting pulse currents and thus also the high-energy lightning impulse currents also enter the Deionkammer. It must therefore be designed thermally and dynamically corresponding to the deion chamber used with respect to the impressed pulse currents.

Due to the division into several partial arcs, the arc voltage and thus the line conversion of a corresponding Hörnerfunkenstrecke is significantly increased, since it comes with the impressed pulse currents to no current limit. The load on all parts of the arrester is therefore significantly increased. The same is particularly critical in a sealed arrangement, since the power is completely within the arrester. In contrast, up to 90% of the power output is discharged to the environment in the case of blow-off arresters.

An alternative to counteract this heavy load within the arrester, is the time delay of the arc entering the chamber by increased distances or distances. Although this can prevent the running in of the pulsed current arc in the arc chamber, however, the resulting net follow current limiting is not acceptable. In this regard, be on the DE 24 19 731 B2 directed.

DE102005015401 discloses a horn gap lightning arrester with deion chamber for arc quenching in a housing. The distance between the opposite electrode surfaces of the horn spark gap in the first ignition region is kept narrow. The arrangement has the opposing electrode surfaces in the second ignition region a small distance widening in the direction of the end of the horn spark gap. Current holes are present in the electrodes. The gas stream, which passes through the deion chamber, is at least partially returned to the ignition area via deflection means and guided to the flow openings present in the electrodes.

From the foregoing, it is therefore an object of the invention to provide a further developed Hörnerfunkenstrecken lightning arrester with Deionkammer, which on the one hand has an optimal net follow current limiting and on the other hand avoids the entry of impressed pulse currents with high current amplitude in the Deionkammer, so that a long life and aging resistance given is.

The object of the invention is achieved by the combination of features according to the teaching of claim 1, wherein the dependent claims represent at least expedient refinements and developments.

In the case of the horn spark gap lightning arrester according to the invention in non-blowing design, different arc behavior is effected in the case of mains sequence and pulse currents. As a result, a cost-effective and space-saving design of the Deionkammer and the horn electrodes, reducing the thermal and mechanical stress on the arrester, reducing the effort to avoid Ausblaserscheinungen and increasing the life possible. Also, a simple inexpensive and space-saving arrangement of a starting aid in the form of a trigger electrode can be realized.

It is possible with the solution according to the invention to reduce the burden of the Deionkammer due to the impressed lightning impulse currents to avoid altogether. In a first embodiment of the invention, in the case of a non-blowing, i. encapsulated horn spark gap by the special design of the ignition and the deliberate control of pressure reflections within the spark gap of the pulse arc in the ignition of the horn electrodes quasi fixed, while the net follow-current arc can run into within a significantly shorter period of time in the arc chamber and is limited.

It is inventively assumed by a Hörnerfunkenstrecken-Blitzstromableiter with Deionkammer for arc quenching in a housing in nichtausblasendem design and control of the internal gas flow to set a different behavior of the resulting in a pulse current load arc on the one hand and the net follow-current arc on the other hand.

For this purpose, the distance of the opposite electrode surfaces of the horn spark gap in the ignition is kept very narrow to prevent unwanted migration of the arc at lightning pulse currents. Furthermore, the arrangement of the opposing electrode surfaces in the ignition region is substantially parallel or has only a very small distance widening in the direction of the end of the horn spark gap. These geometrical measures in the ignition range minimize the force on the pulsed arc. In addition, the pressure waves generated by the arc, which arises during the lightning impulse current discharge in the ignition region of the spark gap, are brought to flow obstacles before, at or behind the deion chamber for defined reflection. The Force action of the reflected pressure wave or pressure waves is used for further reduction or compensation of the current forces, which would cause an undesired movement of the flash pulse current arc in the direction of the Deionkammer. The effectiveness of these pressure reflections to the persistence of the arc is limited in particular to lightning pulse impulse currents and is also limited in time. By the height, duration and energy content of the flash pulse current, the intensity and the duration of the effective forces of the reflection front in the action taken controls such that in particular the critical high-energy lightning pulse burst currents are very effectively forced to persist at the ignition.

The measures described above can also be used for a completely encapsulated Hörner spark gap with Deionkammer to limit the current of the Folgestromlichtbogens without that, the mobility of the follower stream promoting, internal gas circulation also drives the lightning pulse impulse current in the Deionkammer. The delayed in such a spark gap gas stream which passes through the Deionkammer is at least partially returned to the arc running range of the spark gap via deflection.

As already stated, a trigger electrode can be arranged in the ignition region.

The trigger electrode comprises a conductive element which is surrounded by a sliding path or which has adjacent sliding sections of an insulating or semiconducting material.

The trigger electrode is either inserted at one of the two electrodes in the ignition region or between the two electrodes of the horn spark gap, and preferably arranged in the lower region of the ignition region.

The sliding sections can be arranged or executed asymmetrically.

With the solution according to the invention is achieved by the special design of the ignition and the exploitation of the pressure reflection inside the Blitzstromableiters that the forces due to the current amplitude are minimized to the flash pulse current.

The pulsed current arc tends to be diffuse at the beginning of its formation. This behavior favors the existence of multiple arc bases and a not yet heavily contracted arc. Excessive constriction or cooling of the arc by adjacent elements such as sliding aids, a housing wall, ceramic plates or the like within the initial phase of the arc increases the power conversion in the plasma and the arc is transferred more quickly to the state of a thermal plasma. In this state, the arc contraction is much more pronounced and the arc is more exposed to the forces acting on it, which favor an undesirable migration during the load with impressed lightning impulse currents.

The above-mentioned effect is counteracted by reducing the distance of the electrodes in the ignition region to a value of less than 1.2 mm, preferably 0.8 mm. In addition, the active electrode areas are approximately equally spaced within the firing range. This approximate equidistant spacing is present in particular in the region above the ignition point in the arc running direction. Due to the low initial expansion, i. the minimal change in the distance between the diverging electrodes prevents or limits the escape of the arc. The amount of initial widening of the distance between the divergent electrodes should be at most 50%.

The width of the active electrode surface is set in a preferred embodiment with at least 2 mm. For pulse currents up to 50 kA, an active electrode width of 2 mm to 6 mm is preferred and sufficient.

It was found that a current density smaller than 2 kA / mm ^2, preferably 1 kA / mm ² based is to be realized on the amplitude of the injected pulse current under conditions of a normal air atmosphere, in order to prevent constriction of the arc in the area of generation constructively. By a sufficiently large electrode surface, a small constriction and a small arc length, the force effect, which leads to an undesirable migration of the arc in the Deionkammern can be reduced, especially in the arc phase before reaching the thermal equilibrium. The thermal time constant of the arc in air can thus be about 10 μs to 100 μs.

Since the contraction of the pulsed current-induced arc can not be infinitely delayed by the measures mentioned, the arc will contract at the latest in the back of the lightning impulse after reaching the thermal equilibrium and be exposed to an increased force effect. In this critical phase according to the invention, the reflection of the pressure wave by the presented described arrangement of flow obstacles within the gas circulation acts.

In addition to reducing the effect of the current forces within the horn assembly for the pulsed arc, the flow cross-section and the flow resistance is designed in the presented arrester with internal gas circulation, that the reflection of the pressure wave generated by the Impulssttom itself counteracts the movement of the arc.

As a reflection front, this can serve to increase the flow resistance in the inlet region of the Delon chamber, but also the resistance of the flow in the venting of the Delon chamber.

In order to optimally shape the effect of the pressure reflection, the propagation velocity of the pressure wave in the respective medium has to be considered. The first reflected pressure wave should not necessarily hit the arc before it reaches its own material-dependent self-persistent time of up to several 10 μs. Times significantly greater than 100 μs or times greater than the back half-life of the lightning current pulse, it is necessary to avoid.

As already explained, due to the geometric configuration in the ignition region of the spark gap, only minimal forces act on the lightning pulse current arc, which would cause the arc to move in the direction of the Delon chamber. The reflections generated at the one or more flow obstacles lead to pressure waves, which reach the Blitzimpulsstromlichtbogen at the latest after Eigenverharrzeit and possibly also effective until reaching the back half-life of the impulse current, and by their opposite force effect can compensate for the forces driving the arc sufficient, to this goal To achieve reflection waves can be deliberately generated at one or more according to the flow path staggered flow obstacles. Through these measures, pressure reflections with different Running times or frequencies generated and their staggered individual forces or a superposition of these forces over the critical period are used.

The invention will be explained below with reference to an embodiment and with the aid of figures.

Fig. 1a

eine Prinzipdarstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Hörnerfunkenstrecken-Blitzstromableiters mit Anordnung der Hörner und prinzipielle Ausstellung der Deionkammer;

Fig. 1b

eine Detaildarstellung des Zündbereichs der Elektroden der Hörnerfunkenstrecke;

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht der Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1a mit angedeuteter Gasströmung zurück zu den Strömungsöffnungen in den Elektroden der Hörnerfunkenstrecke;

Fig. 3

die Überlagerung von Strom- und Spannungsverläufen einer üblichen gekapselten Hörnerfunkenstrecke mit Deionkammer bei Impuls E und Netz-Folgestrombelastung F;

Fig. 4

eine Darstellung ähnlich derjenigen nach Fig. 3, jedoch Strom- und Spannungsverläufe der erfindungsgemäßen Hörnerfunkenstrecke;

Fig. 5

eine Darstellung des Zündbereichs der Hörnerfunkenstrecke mit Triggerelektrode, die in eine der Elektroden des Funkenhorns eingebracht ist, und

Fig. 6

eine Darstellung des Zündbereichs der erfindungsgemäßen Hörnerfunkenstrecken-Blitzstromableiteranordnung mit einer Triggerelektrode zwischen den beiden leicht divergierenden Hauptelektroden.

Hereby show:

Fig. 1a

a schematic diagram of the horn spark gap Blitzstromableiters invention with arrangement of the horns and principal exhibition of Deionkammer;

Fig. 1b

a detailed representation of the ignition range of the electrodes of the horn spark gap;

Fig. 2

a side view of the illustration according to Fig. 1a with indicated gas flow back to the flow openings in the electrodes of the horn spark gap;

Fig. 3

the superimposition of current and voltage curves of a conventional encapsulated Hörner spark gap with Deionkammer at pulse E and net sequence noise F;

Fig. 4

a representation similar to that after Fig. 3 , but current and voltage curves of the horn spark gap according to the invention;

Fig. 5

a representation of the ignition range of the horn spark gap with trigger electrode, which is incorporated in one of the electrodes of the spark horn, and

Fig. 6

a representation of the ignition range of the horn spark gap Lichtstromiteriteranordnung invention with a trigger electrode between the two slightly diverging main electrodes.

Based on Fig. 1a is the basic embodiment of the horn spark gap lightning arrester arrangement according to the invention traceable.

The spark gap arrangement is in this case integrated into a series installation housing 1 and has two connection terminals 2.

The spark gap has two low-divergent electrodes 3 and 4 with recesses 5 for gas circulation and follow-current arc flow.

Between the strongly diverging sections of the electrodes 3 and 4 in their end region is the deion chamber 6 with openings for gas circulation.

The running range of the arc between the ignition range (see detailed illustration to Fig. 1b ) and the Deionkammer 6 is bounded laterally by insulating plates (see Fig. 2 , Reference numeral 8).

The Deionkammer 6 preferably has a mutual venting of the individual Deionkammerabschnltte. These openings are placed both laterally and on the front side of the Deionkammer 6.

The gases are returned to the running region of the spark gap via the mentioned lateral recesses 5 in the electrodes 3 and 4. These lateral flow openings or recesses 5 are above the range in which the arc stagnates during a load with a lightning pulse current (see Fig. 1b ).

For targeted distribution of the backflowing gases to the individual recesses or flow openings 5 for better support of the arc movement in net follow-current, the effluent from the Deionkammer 6 amount of gas is divided by a splitter 7 into several individual gas streams.

This splitter 7 also prevents a direct gas flow from the Deionkammer 6 in the lateral recesses 5, whereby no heated and / or ionized gases are returned to the running area even with very strong arcing loads. In addition, the supply of Abbrandprodukten or corresponding Abbrandpartikeln is prevented.

For example, the splitter 7 can be designed as an angled small partition wall and is located in the region for gas relaxation, i. in the area in which gases from the running area and the arc chamber to flow. The splitter 7 serves in this area as a separation or deflection wall for the gases which are still supplied from the arc chamber at a high temperature and which are fed back to the arc running area by bilateral grooves in the electrodes. The relatively direct gas flow from the arc chamber is focused on the splitter and is divided into two flows with longer path among other things for cooling and distribution in terms of a diffuse flow, both of which enter the gas supply openings in the electrode area. Thus, the still heated gas is divided on both sides into two flows, cooled and additionally prevents the introduction of loose, conductive particles in the electrode area. The existing splitters assist in evenly distributing the cooled gases to all return flow openings in the arc run area. This even division is of great importance for optimal support of the follow-up current of the follow-current arc. When using e.g. With only one return port, the relatively narrow follow current arc could easily escape the motion assisting effect of the targeted internal gas circulation. This would counterproductively lead to very long arc times from the point of ignition to the arc chamber or even to the continuity of the arc, whereby a failure of the spark gap would be possible. The splitter thus supports the primary basic functionality for the encapsulation of the horn spark gap, namely the internal targeted gas circulation to ensure the running behavior of the follow-current arc and thus the follow current limiting and erasing.

The cross section of the recesses 5 in the electrodes is chosen to be very small compared to the vents of the deion chamber 6 and is less than 10% of the opening cross section of the vents in an exemplary implementation.

The Fig. 1b shows the ignition range of the arc, which forms between the electrodes 3 and 4 below the recesses 5 for the gas circulation, in detail.

The ignition of the arc can be active or passive.

The arc arises here between the two electrodes 3 and 4 in the area A.

The distance of the electrodes in the region A is in the embodiment between 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm.

The area in which the arc remains during a load by lightning impulse current extends maximally up to the area B. The widening of the distance of the diverging electrodes is opposite to the area A at the place B maximally 50%.

The resulting electrode area between regions A and B corresponds at least to the area which results from the quotient of the maximum amplitude of the impressed pulse current and the preferred current density of 1 kA / mm ² .

The Fig. 2 shows the cross section of the Deionkammer as well as the positioning of preferred reflection areas.

Again, it is assumed in turn of a series installation housing 1 with a spark gap and the visible electrode 4 and side recesses 5 for the gas circulation between the Deionkammer 6 and the arc running range.

The arc running range is limited by insulating cover plates 8.

The net follow-current arc 9 runs along the divergent electrodes 3, 4 to the inlet region C of the deion chamber 6 and then divides into the individual chamber sections. The Deionkammer 6 has lateral and frontal vents (arrow displays) through which the areas between the individual sheets with V-shaped cut of the Deionkammer are alternately vented. The individual sheets with V-shaped incision are dashed lines within the Deionkammer 6 represents.

On the front side of the Delonkammer the vent is also divided in the axial direction of the chamber by an insulating web 10.

The flow resistance in the inlet region C of the Deionkammer 6 can be influenced by other measures in addition to the choice of the distance of the individual sheets, the design of the V-shaped notch and the distance of the respective first individual plate of the Deionkammer to the respective electrodes or baffles 3, 4.

The V-shaped notches of the Deionkammer can additionally be dammed by means of insulation.

At the lateral insulation plates 8 of the running region of the arc additional constrictions can be arranged below the Deionkammer 6 as a flow obstacle.

The flow resistance in the vent region D of the deion chamber 6 can be influenced and specified by the number, size and shape of the vent openings.

The described possibility of arranging a flow obstacle below the deion chamber serves to produce reflection fronts near the holding region of the lightning pulse current arc. At the same time there is an acceleration of the entry of the follow current arc in the Deionkammer by this measure. The explained, wedge-shaped constriction in the arc running region, which is arranged on both sides, can be used very variably via the variation of the wedge shape up to a solid block and the residual channel width for controlling the flow resistance.

However, the flow resistance can also be changed by the volume and the geometry of the return flow channels next to and above the deion chamber 6. In principle, both the reflection of the pressure wave in the inlet region C and in the venting region D are suitable for promoting the continuance of the pulsed current arc directly in the vicinity of the ignition region (see Fig. 1b ) of the electrodes 3, 4. Crucial for the selection of the lower reflection range are according to the design of the Spark gap the requirements regarding the pulse load capacity and the extinguishing capacity at mains follow current.

The proposed measures according to the invention cause a sure persistence of lightning impulse currents with residence times of several ms in the ignition range between section A and section B of the spark gap.

In the case of a prospective net follow-up current of eg 50 kA, on the other hand, the run into the deion chamber 6 and its limitation takes place within a maximum of 1 ms. The instantaneous value of the subsequent currents is limited to values of a few kA. The effectiveness of the measures according to the invention can be determined by comparison of the illustration according to the Fig. 3 and 4 be traced.

Fig. 3 shows a superimposition of current (bottom) and voltage curves (top) of a conventional encapsulated horn spark gap with deion chamber at impulse (E) and net sequence current load (F).

It can be seen that the arc at pulse current due to the high current gradient and amplitude enters very rapidly into the Deionkammer. The energetic load of the Deionkammer is very high due to the impressed pulse current, which can not be limited in practice when entering the chamber. The parts of the entire spark gap are disproportionately stressed by the pressure effect and the thermal load. The energy conversion in the deion chamber at 25 kA 10/350 μs is in the range up to 7 kJ.

Due to the realized grid follow current limitation, the specific energy for a prospective grid follow-up current of 25 kA is only 2 kA ² s. At a pulse current load of 25 kA 10/350 μs, however, this value is approximately 100 times. In the design of the spark gap according to the invention, however, it is possible to design the parts of the arc chamber or the entire spark gap for a significantly lower energetic load. Energetically strong and thus costly material is necessary only in the ignition range of the horn spark gap between the sections A and B.

The Fig. 4 shows the behavior of an encapsulated horn spark gap according to the invention. The course of arc voltage and the current limit at mains sequence current load (F) correspond to the equivalent curves (F) according to FIG Fig. 3 , When loaded with a pulse current (E), the arc persists according to the invention in the ignition range of the two electrodes, so that the thermal and dynamic loading of the entire spark gap to a fraction of the load of a spark gap according to the courses Fig. 3 reduced by a significantly lower arc voltage.

In the embodiment of the spark gap according to the invention, the energy conversion is reduced at a pulse load of 25 kA pulse shape 10/350 microseconds at least by a factor of 10 with respect to a spark gap without corresponding separation of functions with respect to mains follower and lightning impulse.

By carrying out the possible non-discharging spark gap according to the invention, the energy conversion, which as a result of encapsulation 100% loads all parts of the spark gap, can be drastically reduced. In turn, a reduction of the size is possible and it is the design effort less. Ultimately, simpler and therefore cheaper materials can be used.

The design of the ignition region is effected in another embodiment via the use of a trigger electrode.

This can be based on a version as an air gap Fig. 5 and / or sliding spark gap Fig. 6 be resorted to.

The Fig. 5 shows an embodiment with trigger electrode 11 in the ignition area. The trigger electrode 11 and the sliding section 12 are guided through a recess within or laterally on one of the two main electrodes 3, 4. This variant is suitable in particular for a slide-free design of the spark gap between the two main electrodes 3, 4.

The ignition arrangement shown after Fig. 5 is also thermally and by the erosion-resistant electrode material of the corresponding main electrode mechanically very well protected and thus particularly resistant to aging. This is for the presented embodiment of the horn spark gap of particular advantage, since the persistence of the pulsed current arc in the ignition region and the trigger electrode loaded more. With the presented embodiment of the arrangement of the trigger electrode, it is also particularly easy to realize the necessary for the presented embodiments small distance between the two main electrodes 3, 4 with very good insulation values.

As an alternative to an arrangement of the trigger electrode 11 between the two diverging main electrodes, a lateral arrangement of the trigger electrode is also conceivable.

According to Fig. 6 the trigger electrode 11 is located between the two main electrodes 3 and 4. The trigger electrode 11 is arranged within two sliding sections 13, 14. In a preferred asymmetrical design of the sliding sections 13, 14, a vertical elevation and / or thicker design of a sliding section 14 can also be selected. This also results in an improvement of the insulation value. An embodiment of one or both sliding sections as an air gap is also within the meaning of the invention.

The sliding sections 12, 13, which are overturned during the ignition of the spark gap, according to the prior art as pure isolation route or as a combination of insulation gap with negligible response and an extension of electrical material, which is covered by the arc executed.

In the case of a pure insulation gap, an increased ignition voltage is provided by using an ignition transformer. In the embodiment with electrically conductive material as a rollover aid basically only one voltage switching element is required.

In the case of the presented trigger variants, the ignition delay time of the total spark gap can, if required, be chosen to be very small due to the inventively small distances of the two main electrodes 3, 4, whereby the energetic load and thus also the size also is very low. The small distance between the main electrodes also ensures, for example in the event of failure of the trigger circuit, the function of a passive arrester with a maximum protection level of 4 kV.

In one embodiment of the invention with electrically conductive material as a rollover aid basically only a voltage switching element and / or current-limiting element such as a resistor, varistor, PTC or the like is required.

Claims (13)

1. A horn spark gap lightning current arrester, comprising a deion chamber (6) for quenching arcs in a housing (1) and measures for setting a different behaviour of the arc produced in the case of power pulse current loading (E) on the one hand and the arc (9) induced by follow-on current (F) on the other hand, wherein for this purpose the distance between the opposite electrode faces (3; 4) of the horn spark gap in the ignition region (A) is kept very small, and the arrangement of the mutually opposite electrode faces in the ignition region (A) shows a slight widening of the distance in the direction of the end of the horn spark gap, wherein flow openings (5) are present in the electrodes (3; 4), the horn spark gap lightning current arrester is furthermore formed in non-quenching configuration, and provides gas circulation in such a way that the pressure wave produced by the arcs induced by lightning power pulse current is reflected by the deion chamber (6) and/or flow baffles and counteracts the arc movement, and the gas flow which passes through the deion chamber (6) is guided back via deflecting means at least partly to the ignition region and is only guided to the flow openings (5) present in the electrodes (3; 4) in order to support the arc movement in follow-on currents (9) in the direction of the deion chamber (6), wherein the flow openings (5) are situated for this purpose above the ignition region (A) and above the region (B) in which the arc stagnates during loading with a lightning power pulse current in the direction of the deion chamber (6), and the deflecting means comprise a splitter (7) which is formed as a small angled separating wall in the region of gas decompression, i.e. in the region in which gases flow in from the travel range and the arc chamber, wherein the splitter (7) prevents a direct gas flow from the deion chamber (6) into the flow openings (5).
2. A horn spark gap lightning current arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance of the mutually opposite electrode faces (3; 4) is less than 1.5 mm in the ignition region (1), preferably in the range of between 0.5 mm and 0.8 mm.
3. A horn spark gap lightning current arrester according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the divergence in the widening of the distance of the opposite electrode faces (3; 4) is at most 50% in the ignition region (A).
4. A horn spark gap lightning current arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width of the electrode faces (3; 4) in the ignition range (A) lies substantially between 2 mm and 6 mm.
5. A horn spark gap lightning current arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement is integrated in a series-mounted housing (1), wherein the housing comprises slot-shaped or slit-shaped openings for pressure compensation.
6. A horn spark gap lightning current arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that travel range of the respective arc is laterally delimited by insulating plates (8) covering the electrodes (3; 4), wherein the plates (8) extend from the ignition region (A) up to the deion chamber (6).
7. A horn spark gap lightning current arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the flow openings (5) in the electrodes (3; 4) is substantially smaller than the total area of the flow outlet openings of the deion chamber (6).
8. A horn spark gap lightning current arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deion chamber (6) comprises a plurality of spaced individual plates, which each have a V-shaped notch, the V-opening of which is directed at the horn spark gap in order to set or define the flow resistance in the inlet area (C) of the deion chamber (6) by selecting the distance of the individual plates and/or additional insulation.
9. A horn spark gap lightning current arrester according to claim 8, characterized in that the deion chamber (6) comprises ventilation openings, via which the number, size and shape of the flow resistance in the inlet area (C) of the deion chamber can be set or defined.
10. A horn spark gap lightning current arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a trigger electrode (11) is arranged in the ignition region (A).
11. A horn spark gap lightning current arrester according to claim 10, characterized in that the trigger electrode (11) comprises a conductive element which is surrounded by a sliding path (12) or comprises adjoining sliding paths (13; 14).
12. A horn spark gap lightning current arrester according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the trigger electrode (11) is inserted into one of the two electrodes (3; 4) in the ignition region (A) or disposed between the two electrodes (3; 4) of the horn spark gap.
13. A horn spark gap lightning current arrester according to claim 11, characterized in that the sliding paths (13; 14) are arranged or formed asymmetrically.

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