EP2532060A1 - Horn spark gap lightning arrestor with a deion chamber - Google Patents
Horn spark gap lightning arrestor with a deion chamberInfo
- Publication number
- EP2532060A1 EP2532060A1 EP11731376A EP11731376A EP2532060A1 EP 2532060 A1 EP2532060 A1 EP 2532060A1 EP 11731376 A EP11731376 A EP 11731376A EP 11731376 A EP11731376 A EP 11731376A EP 2532060 A1 EP2532060 A1 EP 2532060A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- arc
- spark gap
- horn spark
- deionkammer
- current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 25
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- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
- H01T4/14—Arcing horns
Definitions
- the invention relates to a Hörnerfunkenrangen-Blitzstromableiter with Deionkam mer for arc quenching in a housing, even in Vietnameseausblasender design, and measures to Eins republic a different behavior of the resulting in a pulse current load arc on the one hand and the Netz Riversidestrom-related arc on the other.
- a splitter plate arrangement having a plurality of extinguishing balls, which is arranged opposite the connection elements of distal ends of the electrodes at a distance from the ends of the electrodes.
- the distance of the opposite electrode surfaces of the horn spark gap in the ignition is kept very narrow to prevent unwanted migration of the arc at lightning pulse currents. Furthermore, the arrangement of the opposing electrode surfaces in the ignition region is substantially parallel or has only a very small distance widening in the direction of the end of the horn spark gap.
- the pressure generated by the arc which arises during the lightning pulse current discharge in Zündbereieh the fun ⁇ kenumble, at flow obstacles before, at or behind the Deionhunt for defined reflection, the force effect of the reflected pressure wave or pressure waves is for further reduction or compensation used the current forces, which would cause undesired movement of the lightning current arc in the direction of Delon combing he.
- the effectiveness of these pressure reflections to maintain the arc is limited in particular to lightning impulse currents which are caused by lightning and is also limited in time.
- the duration and the energy content of the flash pulse current controls the intensity and the duration of the effective forces of the reflection front in the Nä taken measures such that in particular the critical high-energy lightning pulse pulse currents are very effectively forced to persist at the ignition.
- the measures described above can also be used in the case of a completely encapsulated horn spark gap with deion chamber for current limiting of the follow current arc, without the internal gas circulation promoting the mobility of the follow current also driving the Biltz pulse current into the deion chamber.
- the delayed in such a spark gap gas flow, which hirt to trec through the Deionhunt, is at least partially to the arc running range of the Fun ⁇ ke n st reckezur ü c kg ef ured over deflection means.
- a trigger electrode can be arranged in the ignition region.
- the trigger electrode comprises a conductive element, which is surrounded by a sliding distance or having adjacent glides from an iso ⁇ lierenden or bisecting material.
- the trigger electrode is either inserted at one of the two electrodes in the ignition region or between the two electrodes of the horn spark gap, preferably in the lower region of the ignition region angeord ⁇ net.
- the sliding sections can be arranged or executed asymmetrically.
- the special configuration of the ignition region and the utilization of the pressure reflection in the interior of the lightning arrester ensure that the forces due to the current amplitude are minimized to the lightning impulse current.
- the pulse current arc tends to be diffuse at the beginning of its formation. This behavior favors the existence of multiple arc bases and a not yet heavily contracted arc. Too much constriction or cooling of the arc by adjacent elements such as sliding aids, a housing wall, ceramic plates or the like within the initial phase of the arc increases the power conversion in the plasma and the arc is converted more quickly to the state of a thermal plasma. In this state, the arc contraction is much more pronounced and the arc is more exposed to the forces acting on it, which favor an undesirable migration during loading with impressed lightning impulse currents.
- the above-mentioned effect is counteracted by reducing the distance of the electrodes in the ignition region to a value of less than 1.2 mm, preferably 0.8 mm.
- the active electrode surfaces are approximately equally spaced within the firing range. This approximate Gieichbeab Perung is especially in the area above the ignition in the arc direction. Due to the low initial expansion, ie. the minimal change in distance between the diverging electrodes prevents or eliminates sagging of the arc. The amount of initial widening of the distance between the divergent electrodes should be at most 50%.
- the width of the active electrode surface is set in a preferred embodiment with at least 2 mm. For pulse currents up to 50 kA, an active electrode width of 2 mm to 6 mm is preferred and sufficient.
- the force effect which leads to an undesirable migration of the arc in the Deionhuntn can be reduced, especially in the arc phase before reaching the thermal equilibrium.
- the thermal time constant of the arc in air can thus be about 10 ps to 100 ps. Since the contraction of the pulsed current-induced arc can not be infinitely delayed by the measures mentioned, the arc will contract at the latest in the back of the lightning impulse after reaching the thermal equilibrium and be exposed to an increased force effect.
- this can serve to increase the flow resistance in the inlet region of the Deionhunt, but also the resistance of the flow in the venting Deionkam mer.
- the propagation speed of the pressure wave has to be taken into account in the respective medium.
- the first reflected pressure wave should not necessarily hit the arc before it reaches its own material-dependent self-persistent time of up to several 10 ⁇ s. Times significantly greater than 100 ⁇ s or times greater than the remindbwertzeit the Biitzstrornimpulses it should be avoided.
- Fig. 1a is a schematic diagram of the horn spark gap lightning current arrester according to the invention with arrangement of the horns and principal exhibition of the deion chamber;
- Fig. 1b shows a detailed representation of the ignition range of the electrodes of the horn spark gap
- Fig. 2 is a side view of the presen- tation of FIG. La with indicated
- Fig. 3 shows the superimposition of current and voltage curves of a conventional encapsulated Hörner spark gap with Deionhunt at pulse E and net follow current load F;
- Fig. 4 is a representation similar to that of FIG. 3, but current and
- Fig. 5 is a representation of the ignition range of the horn spark gap with
- Trigger electrode which is introduced into one of the electrodes of the spark horn, and a representation of the ignition range of the horn spark gap Blitzstromableiteran extract invention with a trigger electrode between the two slightly diverging main electrodes.
- the basic embodiment of the invented ⁇ proper Hörnerfunkenrangen- Blitzstromableiteran Aunt is nachvol lziehbar.
- the spark gap arrangement is in this case integrated into a series installation housing 1 and has two connection terminals 2.
- the spark gap has two low-divergent electrodes 3 and 4 with recesses 5 for gas circulation and follow-current arc flow.
- the deion chamber 6 With openings for gas circulation.
- the running range of the arc between the ignition region (see detail illustration according to FIG. 1b) and the deion chamber 6 is bounded laterally by insulating plates (see FIG. 2, reference number 8).
- the Deionhunt 6 preferably has ei ne mutual ventilation of the individual Deionkam merabroughe. These openings are placed both laterally and on the front side of the Deionhunt 6.
- the gases are returned to the running region of the spark gap via the mentioned lateral recesses 5 in the electrodes 3 and 4.
- These lateral flow openings or recesses 5 lie above the region in which the arc stagnates during a load with a lightning impulse current (see FIG. 1b).
- the effluent from the Deionhunt 6 amount of gas is divided by a splitter 7 into several individual gas streams ⁇ .
- This splitter 7 also prevents a direct gas flow from the Deionhunt 6 in the lateral recesses 5, whereby no heated and / or ionized gases are returned to the running area even with very strong arcing loads. In addition, the supply of burnout products or corresponding combustion particles is prevented.
- the splitter 7 can be executed, for example, as an angled small partition wall and is located in the region for gas relaxation, ie. in the area in which gases from the running area and the arc chamber to flow.
- the splitter 7 serves in this area as a separating or deflecting wall for the gases which are still supplied from the arc chamber at a high temperature and which are fed back to the arc heating area by bilateral grooves in the electrodes.
- the relatively direct gas flow from the arc chamber is focused on the splitter and is divided into two flows with longer path among other things for Abkühlu ng and distribution in terms of a diffuse flow, both of which reach the gas supply openings in the electrode area.
- the still heated gas is divided on both sides into two flows, cooled and additionally prevents the introduction of loose, conductive particles in the electrode area.
- the existing splitters assist the even distribution of the cooled gases on all return flow openings in the arc opening area. This even division is of great importance for optimal support of the follow-up current of the follow-current arc. When using, for example, only one return opening, the relatively narrow follow-current arc could easily elude the motion-supporting effect of the targeted internal gas circulation.
- the splitter thus supports the primary fundamental tonality for the encapsulation of the horn spark gap, namely the internal targeted gas circulation for the performance of the flow behavior of the follow-current arc and thus the follow current limiting and deletion.
- the cross-section of the recesses 5 in the electrodes is selected to be very small compared to the vent openings of the Deionhunt 6 and be ⁇ contributes less than 10% of the opening cross section of the vents at a game at ⁇ adhere real ization.
- Fig. Lb shows the ignition range of the arc, which forms between the electrodes 3 and 4 below the recesses 5 for the gas circulation, in detail.
- the ignition of the arc can be active or passive.
- the arc arises here between the two electrodes 3 and 4 in the area A.
- the distance of the electrodes in the region A is in the embodiment between 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm.
- the area in which the arc remains during a load by lightning impulse current extends maximally up to the area B.
- the widening of the distance of the diverging electrodes is opposite to the area A at the place B maximally 50%.
- the resulting electrode surface between the regions A and B corresponds to at least the surface which results from the quotient of the maximum amplification ⁇ tude of the injected pulse current and the preferred current density of 1 kA / mm 2.
- Fig. 2 shows the cross section of the Deionhunt as well as the positioning of preferred reflection areas.
- the arc running range is limited by insulating cover plates 8.
- the net follow-current arc 9 runs along the divergent electric ⁇ the 3, 4 to the inlet region C of the Deionkam mer 6 and then divides into the individual chamber sections.
- the Deionhunt 6 has lateral and frontal Entl ventilation openings (arrow representations) through which the areas between the individual sheets with V-shaped cut of the Deionhunt are alternately vented.
- the individual sheets with V-shaped incision are dashed lines within the Deionhunt 6 represents.
- On the front side of the Deionhunt the vent is divided in the axial Rich ⁇ tion of the chamber by an insulating web 10.
- the flow resistance in the inlet region C of the Deionhunt 6 can be influenced in addition to the choice of the distance of the individual sheets, the design of the V-shaped notch and the distance of the respective first individual plate of the Deionhunt to the respective electrodes or baffles 3, 4 also by further measures ,
- V-shaped indentations of the Deionhunt can additionally be dammed by means of insulation.
- the flow resistance in the vent region D of the deion chamber 6 can be influenced and specified by the number, size and shape of the vent openings.
- the flow resistance can also be changed by the volume and the geometry of the return flow channels next to and above the deion chamber 6.
- both the reflection of the pressure wave in the inlet region C and in the venting D for promoting the persistence of the pulsed current arc un indirectly in the vicinity of the ignition range (see Fig. Lb) of the electrodes 3, 4.
- Decisive for the selection of the cheaper Reflection range are according to the design of the Spark gap the requirements regarding the pulse load capacity and the extinguishing capacity at mains follow current.
- the measures presented invention effect a secure Ver ⁇ wait of lightning pulse currents with Verweilzetten of several ms in the ignition ⁇ area between sections A and B of the radio link.
- FIG. Figure 3 shows a superposition of current (bottom) and voltage traces (top) of a conventional encapsulated horn gap with deion chamber at impulse (E) and line sequential noise (F).
- the arc according to the invention When loaded with a pulse current (E), the arc according to the invention remains in the ignition range of the two electrodes, so that the thermal and dynamic loading of the entire spark gap on a fraction of the load of a spark gap corresponding to the curves of FIG. 3 reduced by a significantly lower arc voltage.
- E pulse current
- the energy conversion is reduced at a pulse load of 25 kA pulse shape 10/350 [is at least a factor of 10 compared to a spark gap without corresponding radio zone separation with respect to mains follower and lightning impulse.
- the energy conversion which charges the encapsulation 100% to all parts of the spark gap can be drastically reduced.
- a reduction of the size is possible and it is the design effort less.
- simpler and therefore cheaper materials can be used.
- the design of the ignition region is effected in another embodiment via the use of a trigger electrode.
- 6 can be used on a version as an air gap according to Fig. 5 and / or Gieitfunkenrange of FIG.
- the Fig. 5 shows an embodiment with trigger electrode 11 in the ignition region.
- the trigger electrode 11 and the sliding section 12 are guided into a recess inside or laterally on one of the two main electrodes 3, 4.
- This variant is suitable in particular for a slide-free design of the spark gap between the two main electrodes 3, 4.
- the ignition arrangement shown in FIG. 5 is also thermally and by the erosion-resistant electrode material of the corresponding main electrode mechanically very well protected and thus particularly resistant to aging. This is for the presented embodiment of the horn spark gap of particular advantage, since the persistence of the pulsed current arc in the ignition region and the trigger electrode loaded more. With the presented embodiment of the arrangement of the trigger electrode, it is also particularly easy to realize the necessary for the presented embodiments, small distance between the two main electrodes 3, 4 with very good insulation values.
- a lateral arrangement of the trigger electrode is also conceivable.
- the trigger electrode 11 is located between the two main electrodes 3 and 4.
- the trigger electrode 11 is arranged within two sliding sections 13, 14.
- a vertical elevation and / or thicker design of a sliding section 14 can also be selected. This also results in an improvement of the insulation value.
- An embodiment of one or both sliding sections as an air gap is also within the meaning of the invention.
- an increased ignition voltage is provided by using an ignition transformer.
- electrically conductive material as a rollover aid basically only one voltage switching element is required.
- the ignition delay time of the total spark gap can be chosen to be very small if required because of the small distances of the two main electrodes 3, 4, as a result of which the energetic load and thus also the size are also selected is very low.
- the short distance of the main electrodes also ensures, for example in the event of failure of the trigger circuit, the function of a passive Abieiters at a maximum protection level of 4 kV,
Landscapes
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI201130935A SI2532060T1 (en) | 2010-08-04 | 2011-07-14 | Horn spark gap lightning arrestor with a deion chamber |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102010033293 | 2010-08-04 | ||
DE102011051738.3A DE102011051738B4 (en) | 2010-08-04 | 2011-07-11 | Horn spark gap lightning arrester with deion chamber |
PCT/EP2011/062041 WO2012016804A1 (en) | 2010-08-04 | 2011-07-14 | Horn spark gap lightning arrestor with a deion chamber |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2532060A1 true EP2532060A1 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
EP2532060B1 EP2532060B1 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
Family
ID=45495119
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11731376.7A Active EP2532060B1 (en) | 2010-08-04 | 2011-07-14 | Horn spark gap lightning arrestor with a deion chamber |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9083153B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2532060B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103069673B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011051738B4 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2532060T3 (en) |
SI (1) | SI2532060T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012016804A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014107409A1 (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2015-11-26 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Surge arresters |
DE102016115223B4 (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2022-02-17 | Dehn Se + Co Kg | Horn spark gap with deion chamber in non-extinguishing design |
DE202018106960U1 (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2019-01-03 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Overvoltage protection arrangement consisting of a horn spark gap located in an insulating housing |
DE102018117275B3 (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2019-07-04 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Non-rotationally symmetric horn spark gap with deion chamber |
DE102019101200A1 (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2020-01-09 | Dehn Se + Co Kg | Surge protection arrangement with a horn spark gap in an insulating housing with a deion chamber for arc quenching |
DE102018116421A1 (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2020-01-09 | Sachin Kumar | Device for cleaning two-wheelers |
DE102019210236A1 (en) | 2019-05-09 | 2020-11-12 | Dehn Se + Co Kg | Lightning protection spark gap arrangement and method for operating a lightning protection spark gap arrangement |
CN112117656B (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2022-04-01 | 王巨丰 | Multi-solid-phase airflow multi-section synchronous arc extinguishing method and system |
DE102019209477B4 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2021-01-21 | Dehn Se + Co Kg | Lightning protection spark gap |
DE102020214136B3 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2021-12-09 | Dehn Se + Co Kg | Lightning protection spark gap |
DE102021208076B4 (en) | 2021-07-27 | 2023-06-22 | Dehn Se | Surge arrestor spark gap assembly and method of operating an overvoltage arrester spark gap assembly |
IT202100028448A1 (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2023-05-09 | Zotup S R L | SURGE ARRESTER INCLUDING A DISCONNECTOR AND RELATED EXTINGUISHMENT/DEIONIZATION CHAMBER |
EP4339989A1 (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2024-03-20 | RIPD IP Development Ltd | Electrical protection assemblies and surge protective devices |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE131548C (en) * | ||||
CH489887A (en) * | 1968-04-13 | 1970-04-30 | Bassani Spa | Electric power switch |
DE2419731C3 (en) | 1974-04-24 | 1978-12-21 | Vsesojuznyj Elektrotechnitscheskij Institut Imeni V.I.Lenina, Moskau | Spark gap arrangement for a surge arrester |
US4551697A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1985-11-05 | Kussy Frank W | Current limiting circuit breaker mechanism |
EP0920098B1 (en) | 1994-10-07 | 2003-09-17 | Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG | Overvoltage protection element |
DE4435968C2 (en) | 1994-10-07 | 1996-09-12 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co | Surge protection element |
EP0793318A1 (en) | 1996-03-01 | 1997-09-03 | Felten & Guilleaume Austria Ag | Overvoltage arrester device |
AT405112B (en) | 1997-02-12 | 1999-05-25 | Felten & Guilleaume Ag Oester | OVERVOLTAGE DEVICE |
FR2843243B1 (en) | 2002-08-05 | 2004-11-05 | Soule Protection Surtensions | DEVICE FOR PROTECTING AN ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK |
FR2880468B1 (en) * | 2005-01-04 | 2007-04-06 | Soule Prot Surtensions Sa | APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING AN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WITH IMPROVED CUT-OFF CAPACITY |
DE102005015401B4 (en) | 2005-01-10 | 2014-03-20 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Surge arrester with two diverging electrodes and a spark gap acting between the electrodes |
DE102005007282A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-24 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Electrical installation device with arc prechamber space, prechamber plates and current limiting arc quenching device |
DE102011102937B4 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2017-03-02 | DEHN + SÖHNE GmbH + Co. KG. | Arrangement for the ignition of spark gaps |
-
2011
- 2011-07-11 DE DE102011051738.3A patent/DE102011051738B4/en active Active
- 2011-07-14 WO PCT/EP2011/062041 patent/WO2012016804A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-07-14 US US13/813,452 patent/US9083153B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-14 EP EP11731376.7A patent/EP2532060B1/en active Active
- 2011-07-14 SI SI201130935A patent/SI2532060T1/en unknown
- 2011-07-14 PL PL11731376.7T patent/PL2532060T3/en unknown
- 2011-07-14 CN CN201180038460.8A patent/CN103069673B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2012016804A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102011051738A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
CN103069673B (en) | 2014-09-17 |
CN103069673A (en) | 2013-04-24 |
US9083153B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 |
DE102011051738B4 (en) | 2023-05-04 |
US20130208388A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
WO2012016804A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
SI2532060T1 (en) | 2016-10-28 |
RU2013105147A (en) | 2014-09-10 |
EP2532060B1 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
PL2532060T3 (en) | 2016-12-30 |
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