EP2530217A1 - Pre-fabricated structure made of textile concrete - Google Patents

Abstract

The structure i.e. prefabricated garage (10), has a wall arrangement (12) made of concrete and designed with a textile reinforcement e.g., fabric, made of a textile material. The wall arrangement includes walls (18) i.e. planar plates, for enclosing an inner chamber (11). The walls stay relative to each other in an angle and seamlessly connected below each other. The walls are provided with a rib structure. The rib structure includes ribs, which protrude into the inner chamber. The textile reinforcement includes bars made of fiber-plastic-composite material.

Description

The invention relates to a prefabricated building made of textile concrete.

The provision of spatially shaped concrete components for the construction of larger structures is known. It is also known to form concrete components made of textile concrete. For example, the DE 10 2008 040 919 A1 a sheet-like concrete component with a polymer-impregnated textile reinforcement. This component is recommended for creating thin-walled facade parts as well as for wider applications. The textile reinforcement consists of fiber materials that are biaxially or multiaxially oriented. In addition to glass fibers or glass cloth other fibers, such as. Carbon fibers, aramid fibers, polyamide or acrylic and other plastics are considered. The fibers can be embedded in the concrete as a woven, laid, knitted, knitted, braided, matted or the like. They are impregnated with an epoxy resin, forming a composite zone in which the polymer enclosing the fibers has penetrated into the concrete matrix and there causes both a denticulation with the concrete as well as a reinforcement of the concrete. This textile concrete has a low concrete coverage of the fibers, which makes it possible to create particularly thin-walled concrete components. In addition, the strength can be increased by the reinforcement of the textile fiber material is biased.

It is, as mentioned, known, prefabricate buildings, such as. Prefabricated garages or other small buildings, and set up in almost finished state at the site. Here are restrictions to consider. For example, allowed certain maximum external dimensions are not exceeded. For large and heavy transports from a width of 3m individual transport permission is required, which is associated with high costs and costs, eg for route exploration, escort vehicles, etc. However, if a prefabricated garage is not more than 3 m wide, for example, the transport company can carry out the transport of a prefabricated garage or other building on the basis of an existing permanent permit.

On the other hand, a hitherto unbroken trend towards larger exterior dimensions of motor vehicles can be seen. Especially the vehicle widths are increasing.

On this basis, it is an object of the invention to provide a building, in particular a prefabricated garage, which opens up greater creative freedom under the given restrictions.

• Der erfindungsgemäße Baukörper umfasst eine Wandanordnung, die einen Innenraum umschließt. Die Wandanordnung ist aus einem Beton erzeugt, dessen Bewehrung aus einem textilen Material ausgebildet ist. Solcher Textilbeton lässt sich, zumindest lokal, dünnwandiger ausbilden als herkömmlicher stahlbewehrter Beton. Auf diese Weise lässt sich bei Fertiggaragen, insbesondere in Querrichtung bei gegebenen maximalen Außenabmessungen von bspw. 3m zusätzlicher Raum schaffen, der bspw. zum Öffnen der Fahrzeugtüren genutzt werden kann. Hierbei ist es insbesondere hilfreich, wenn die Seitenwände der von dem Baukörper gebildeten Fertigteilgarage wenigstens in solchen Bereichen dünnwandig ausgebildet worden sind, in denen bei Kraftfahrzeugen typischerweise die Seitentüren angeordnet sind. Bedarfsweise kann jedoch auch die gesamte Seitenwand bzw. der gesamte Baukörper aus dünnwandigem Textilbeton ausgebildet sein. Bei einer Außenbreite von z.B. 3m und einer geringen Wandstärke von bspw. lediglich 40mm lässt sich eine innere Weite von 2,92m erzielen, was das Be- und Entladen wie auch das Ein- und Aussteigen erleichtert.

This object is achieved with the building according to claim 1:

• The building according to the invention comprises a wall arrangement which encloses an interior space. The wall assembly is made of a concrete whose reinforcement is formed of a textile material. Such textile concrete can be formed, at least locally, thin-walled than conventional steel-reinforced concrete. In this way, in prefabricated garages, in particular in the transverse direction with given maximum external dimensions of, for example, 3m create additional space that can be used, for example, to open the vehicle doors. It is particularly helpful if the side walls of the precast garage formed by the structure have been formed thin-walled at least in those areas where typically in motor vehicles the side doors are arranged. If necessary, however, the entire side wall or the entire structure may be formed of thin-walled textile concrete. With an external width of eg 3m and a low wall thickness of, for example, only 40mm, an internal width of 2.92m can be achieved, which facilitates loading and unloading as well as the entry and exit.

The possibility of thin-walled design of the structure also leads to a reduction in the mass of the building to be transported. This reduces the technical complexity in the construction of prefabricated garages.

A prefabricated garage according to the invention has a larger internal space, e.g. for a larger vehicle or for extra storage or more freedom of movement of passengers. It is much lighter and more environmentally friendly and cheaper to transport than conventional garages.

The textile concrete may use mineral fibers, such as glass fibers, ceramic fibers, or organic fibers such as aramid fibers or carbon fibers for reinforcement. It is considered a low concrete coverage of, for example, only 20mm overlap thickness or less sufficient. The textile reinforcement may be introduced in the form of a mat, a fabric, a leno fabric, a knit or a knitted fabric. It can be arranged in one or more levels. It may include a plurality of spaced layers. In addition, it may have a grid structure with alternately larger and smaller spaces. This improves the anchoring of the fibers in the concrete. It also improves the cohesion of the reinforcement.

The reinforcing fibers may be appropriately coated to improve the cohesion between concrete and fibers. In addition, the coating can protect the fibers from chemical attack by the basically basic concrete.

To reinforce the concrete, fiber-reinforced plastic rods could also be used. These can have a smooth or textured surface. The structuring may include regular or irregular structures of suitable size. Such structures may be formed by a suitable surface roughness or by individual larger protrusions and / or depressions. The roughness can also be formed by a chemical reaction between the concrete and the plastic surface. The reinforcing rods can be connected to one another to form a two-dimensional or spatial grid. The individual bars may be connected to form the grid by tie wire, cable ties, plastic clips, adhesive, hot melt adhesive, Schweißverbidnungen (ultrasonic welding, plastic welding) or the like. Stainless steel, in particular stainless steel or else a fiber material, can be used as the blind wire. It can textile yarns or rovings are used to connect reinforcing rods together. For this purpose short thread or roving sections are tied around the plastic reinforcing bars and the ends are knotted together.

The plastic reinforcing rods can also be connected to a textile, eg a woven fabric, for example by knitting, weaving, sewing, gluing, stapling or the like. With each of the aforementioned techniques, it is possible to form both planar and in particular also spatial reinforcement structures.

The requirement of a lower concrete coverage can also be used to three-dimensionally shape the textile surfaces used for the reinforcement before embedding them in the concrete, for example as a surface with a corrugation, with a rib structure, a one- or two-sided nub structure or the like. In addition, the reinforcement in partially loaded areas may be partially reinforced. For example, surfaces that are traveled may have a higher reinforcement density than intermediate regions. Also building edges can be provided with a reinforced reinforcement or with other reinforcing structures. Such structures may be rib structures, reinforcing angles, edged hollow structures, or the like.

The building is preferably provided as a prefabricated garage. Alternatively, however, it can also be used for other walk-in concrete bodies or room cells, for example for transformer stations, wet cells and temporary offices.

The smaller wall thickness allows the attachment of a heat insulating layer on the inside and / or on the outside of the building or as an intermediate layer in the wall of the building without thereby reducing the volume converted. Thus, economically heatable space cells can be obtained.

• Figur 1 einen erfindungsgemäßen Baukörper, in schematisierter Perspektivdarstellung,
• Figur 2 den Baukörper nach Figur 1, in Vertikalschnittdarstellung, geschnitten im Eckbereich, in ausschnittsweiser schematisierter Darstellung,
• Figur 3 eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform des Baukörpers im Vertikalschnitt des Eckbereichs, in ausschnittsweiser Darstellung,
• Figur 4 einen erfindungsgemäßen Baukörper in perspektivischer Innenansicht mit verschiedenen Verstärkungsstrukturen zur beispielhaften Veranschaulichung von Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten,
• Figur 5 den Baukörper nach Figur 1 mit partiell verstärkten Bodenbereichen, in ausschnittsweiser schematisierter Schnittdarstellung,
• Figur 6 einen Ausschnitt aus einer Bodenplatte des Baukörpers mit gleich bleibender Dicke, jedoch unterschiedlicher Bewehrung, in ausschnittsweiser geschnittener Darstellung,
• Figur 7 eine textile Bewehrungsstruktur mit Gitterstruktur zur Verbesserung der Verzahnung zwischen Bewehrung und Beton,
• Figur 8 einen Wandabschnitt aus Beton mit einem Abstandstextil als Bewehrung, in geschnittener Darstellung,
• Figur 9 einen Wandabschnitt aus Beton mit einer Bewehrung aus faserverstärkten Kunststoffstäben, in geschnittener Darstellung,
• Figur 10 eine Fertiggarage auf einem Transportfahrzeug, in geschnittener Darstellung.

The following description of embodiments of the prefabricated building according to the invention discloses further details of preferred embodiments of the invention. In addition, details and details are given in the dependent claims. Show it:

• FIG. 1 a building according to the invention, in a schematic perspective view,
• FIG. 2 the building after FIG. 1 , in vertical section, cut in the corner, in a fragmentary schematic representation,
• FIG. 3 a modified embodiment of the building in a vertical section of the corner, in a sectional view,
• FIG. 4 a building according to the invention in a perspective interior view with various reinforcing structures for exemplifying design options,
• FIG. 5 the building after FIG. 1 with partially reinforced floor areas, in a fragmentary schematic sectional view,
• FIG. 6 a section of a base plate of the building with a constant thickness, but different reinforcement, in a cutaway sectional view,
• FIG. 7 a textile reinforcement structure with lattice structure to improve the interlocking between reinforcement and concrete,
• FIG. 8 a wall section made of concrete with a spacer textile as a reinforcement, in a sectional view,
• FIG. 9 a wall section of concrete with a reinforcement of fiber-reinforced plastic rods, in a sectional view,
• FIG. 10 a prefabricated garage on a transport vehicle, in a cutaway view.

In FIG. 1 is representative of all possible structures according to the invention a prefabricated garage 10 illustrates the industrial prefabricated and then by means of a suitable transport vehicle, as it is made FIG. 10 can be seen, driven to the site and unloaded there. The prefabricated garage 10 has an interior space 11, which is enclosed by a Wandanordung 12. These include side walls 13, 14, a roof 15 and at least optionally an end wall 16 and / or a bottom 17. Thus, the interior 14 is at least three-sided, optionally enclosed up to five sides. The individual walls, namely the left side wall 13, the right side wall 14, the roof 15, the end wall 16 and the bottom 17 can each be generalized also referred to as wall 18 in reference. The walls 18 enclose the interior 11 at least three-sided and in the present case five-sided.

The walls 18 are preferably formed as flat plates. You can, as shown formed closed. However, they may also have openings, apertures and the like, e.g. to create windows, doors, passageways, vents, drains and the like.

The prefabricated garage 10 according to the invention is preferably designed as a one-piece seamless component of textile concrete. FIG. 2 illustrates the vertical section of a building edge 19 along which the roof 15 and the side wall 13 are connected. As can be seen, the roof 15 and the side wall 13 joints seamlessly and seamlessly over each other. Each consists of a concrete matrix 20, in which one or more layers 20, 21 of a textile reinforcement 23 are embedded. The layers 20, 21 extend over the corner region of the building edge 19 away from the roof 15 in the side wall 13 and vice versa.

The textile reinforcement 13 is preferably knitted or crocheted or woven from organic fibers (synthetic fibers) or else from mineral fibers such as glass fibers, ceramic fibers, carbon fibers or the like. The concrete cover of the reinforcement 23 is preferably relatively small. It is e.g. only 20mm.

At the interior 11 facing side of the walls 18, an insulating layer 24 may be attached, for example. From an organic foam.

The prefabricated garage 10 can, as FIG. 3 shows, in particular at corners and edges such as, for example, be provided on the building edge 19 with a reinforcing structure. Such a reinforcing structure may, for example, be a hollow profile 25 continuous along the building edge 19. This may, for example, enclose a triangular plastic core 26 in cross-section. The hollow profile 25 may thus be formed by a likewise traversed by the reinforcement 23 web, which connects the roof 15 with the side wall 13. Corresponding webs can also be provided on all other building edges.

Alternatively, 18 rib structures may be provided on the walls, of which various possibilities in FIG. 4 are exemplified. As can be seen, a rib 27 may extend vertically or horizontally across the respective wall 18. Preferably, the reinforcement of the respective wall 18 extends into the rib 27 and stiffens it. Such ribs 27 may be absent in particular on the side walls 13, 14 where normally motor vehicle side doors are aufzuschchenken so as not to limit their swing angle too much.

Other reinforcement structures are also possible. For example, integral with the walls 18, for example, the ceiling 15 and the end wall 16 connected stiffening angle 28 or similar structures may be provided.

Apart from the stiffeners or stiffeners in the form of the rib 27, the corner bracket 28 or the hollow section 25, the walls 18 are preferably flat. However, they can also be provided with thickening, as it is made FIG. 5 evident. There are formed on the floor 17 strip-shaped reinforced sections 29, 30, which form, for example, the areas traveled by a motor vehicle areas. It is possible to form the textile reinforcement in these areas differently than in the intervening thinner sections. For example, the reinforcement in the floor 17 may be substantially planar. In the reinforced sections 29, 30, individual layers of the reinforcement may be led up or down from the other reinforcement plane to define a vertical distance between each other. By way of illustration, such reinforcement is in FIG. 5 entered dashed.

Moreover, it is possible to form reinforced areas in the floor 17 or any other wall 18 by the reinforcement 23 receives an alternating spatial structure. FIG. 6 illustrates this schematically without pretension to scale. The reinforcement 23 follows here a wave pattern, wherein the waves in the reinforced sections 29, 30 are denser than in the other floor 17th

The textile reinforcement 23 may be formed as a flat textile structure, for example, in the wavy shape according to FIG. 6 has been transferred. However, it can also be stretched into the concrete matrix. Preferably, a fabric or other fabric is used as the reinforcement 23, as it is, for example, from FIG. 7 evident. There warp yarns 31 and weft yarns 32 are combined in groups, with passages 33 between these groups, through which liquid concrete can easily pass. The reinforcement 23 thus forms a grid, which is easy to introduce into the concrete and is embedded in this safe to enter into an intimate bond with this.

The reinforcement 23 may be formed as a flat fabric or as a spacer fabric or knitted fabric, as in FIG. 8 is illustrated. It then comprises at least two textile layers 34, 35, which may be connected to each other by pile threads 36 or other spacers. The pile threads 36 provide a distance between the two textile layers 34, 35 and cause so that one of the layers above the wall center and the other layer is disposed below the wall center. The middle of the wall forms the neutral fiber for many load cases. The use of a spacer fabric ensures the placement of the tensile strength-promoting layers of reinforcement 23 outside the component's neutral fiber.

For reinforcement of the concrete fiber-reinforced plastic rods 37 can optionally be used. These can be used in addition to one of the above-described textile reinforcements 23 or replace them. For example, the reinforcements 23 of the FIGS. 6 to 8 be reinforced by additional fiber reinforced plastic rods 37. The plastic rods may, if necessary, be connected to the other reinforcements 23, for example, by sewing, knitting, gluing, stapling, welding or the like. The rods may have round cross-sections or polygonal cross-section, be designed as flat profiles, angle sections, U-profiles, I-profiles, H-profiles or similar. The plastic rods 37 may have smooth or textured surfaces. The structuring may include regular or irregular structures of suitable size. Such structures may be formed by a suitable surface roughness or by individual larger protrusions and / or depressions. The roughness can also be formed by a chemical reaction between the concrete and the plastic surface.

The reinforcing rods 37 may be interconnected to form a two-dimensional or spatial grid, as exemplified us in detail in FIG. 9 is shown. The individual reinforcing rods 37 may be connected at the crossing points by cable ties 38 or by tie wire, plastic clips, adhesive, hot melt adhesive, Schweißverbidnungen (ultrasonic welding, plastic welding) or the like to form the grid as shown. Stainless steel, in particular stainless steel or else a fiber material, can be used as the blind wire. It can textile yarns or rovings are used to connect reinforcing rods 37 together. For this purpose, short thread or roving sections are tied around the reinforcing rods 37 and the ends knotted together.

Also, as mentioned, the plastic reinforcing rods 37 may be provided with a textile, e.g. a tissue, e.g. by knitting, weaving, sewing, gluing, staples or the like. With each of the aforementioned techniques, it is possible to form both planar and in particular also spatial reinforcement structures.

The building according to the invention is formed by a wall assembly consisting of textile concrete 12, which encloses an interior 11, The use of textile concrete for creating the building 10 of the invention allows the version with a particularly thin wall thickness as well as the formation of relatively filigree reinforcement structures for stiffening.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

Fertiggarage

11

inner space

12

wall arrangement

13

Left sidewall

14

Right side wall

15

top, roof

16

bulkhead

17

ground

18

wall

19

building edge

20

concrete matrix

21

First location

22

Second location

23

reinforcement

24

insulating

25

hollow profile

26

Plastic core

27

rib

28

corner angle

29

section

30

section

31

warp

32

wefts

33

crossings

34

Upper location

35

Lower position

36

pile thread

37

fiber reinforced plastic rod

38

cable ties

Claims (15)

Prefabricated building,
with a wall assembly (12) formed of concrete having a reinforcement (23) of textile material and having at least three mutually adjoining mutually seamlessly connected wall surface portions (18) to enclose an interior space (11). Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall arrangement (12) comprises planar wall surface sections (18). Structural body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wall surface portions (18) is provided with a rib structure. Structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall surface portions (18) are interconnected at a corner at which they enclose in pairs a right angle. Structural body according to claim 3, characterized in that the rib structure comprises ribs (27) which project into the interior space (11). Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall arrangement (12) surrounds the interior (11) at least 4-sided. Building according to Claim 1, characterized in that the wall arrangement (12) comprises walls (13, 14) and a roof panel (15). Building according to claim 7, characterized in that the wall arrangement (12) comprises a floor (17). Structural member according to claim 8, characterized in that the bottom (17) has zones of different thickness. Structural body according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall surface portions (18) on building edges (19) are interconnected, wherein at the building edges (19) reinforcing means are arranged. Structural body according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcement (23) has direction-dependent different thread densities. Structural member according to claim 11, characterized in that the reinforcement (23) is a woven fabric or a spacer textile. Structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcement (23) comprises rods made of a fiber-plastic composite material. Building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement (23) has a spatial configuration. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcement (23) has locally different densities.

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