EP2529801B1 - Dispositif de lancement d'un snowboarder, skieur, skieur nautique ou wakeboarder - Google Patents

Dispositif de lancement d'un snowboarder, skieur, skieur nautique ou wakeboarder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2529801B1
EP2529801B1 EP12170159.3A EP12170159A EP2529801B1 EP 2529801 B1 EP2529801 B1 EP 2529801B1 EP 12170159 A EP12170159 A EP 12170159A EP 2529801 B1 EP2529801 B1 EP 2529801B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
launch
launch platform
movable carriage
skier
mentioned
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Not-in-force
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EP12170159.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2529801A1 (fr
Inventor
David De Bock
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Individual
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Individual
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C19/00—Design or layout of playing courts, rinks, bowling greens or areas for water-skiing; Covers therefor
    • A63C19/10—Ice-skating or roller-skating rinks; Slopes or trails for skiing, ski-jumping or tobogganing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B11/00—Ski lift, sleigh lift or like trackless systems with guided towing cables only

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a device suitable for the moving of a user in the direction of a jump device.
  • This invention relates in particular to a device for the moving (launching) of a snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder, in the direction of a jump device, such as for example a ramp or kicker.
  • a second way that is currently used to launch a snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder is by means of a so-called winch, which is fixed set up at the end of the launching trajectory, next to a ramp or kicker.
  • the winch pulls the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder forward while he's standing on his snowboard, board, skis or whether such.
  • the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder holds a handle, rope or similar that is connected to the winch. This handle or rope will be released right before the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder reaches the ramp or kicker.
  • the major disadvantage of the winch is that the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder always has to hold "something" to be launched. Hereby all the forces of the acceleration ends up on his arms. Therefore the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder will be pulled forward in an unnatural position.
  • the launch speed and acceleration is limited, because the force of acceleration the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder can handle on his arms is limited.
  • a third method that is currently used is the so-called actuator with rope loop that is described in the Canadian patent publication CA 1 087 922 .
  • the drive is located at the beginning of the launch trajectory and consists of a motor with a pulley.
  • an idler located which is not driven.
  • This rope loop is not tensioned.
  • the rope loop has a certain length that the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder can hold the rope loop.
  • the disadvantage - as with the winch still remains that the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder has to hold something to create speed.
  • a fourth way which is described in the German patent publication DE 25 16 315 relates to a mobile jump installation.
  • an artificial ski or snowboard slope is realized by lifting a ramp on one side using a crane.
  • the slope can be covered with artificial snow mats or can be provided with real snow.
  • the advantage of this installation is that there is no scaffold construction that has to be built.
  • the major drawback of this installation is that the ramp must be built very sturdy because it's only supported at two points. Moreover, this system is very sensitive to wind and is not used in practice.
  • the purpose of this invention now is to provide a solution for the above-mentioned problems of the four existing ways to create speed and to provide a device which allows a snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder to launch in a simple way.
  • the target of the invention will be achieved by providing a device suitable for moving a user in the direction of a jump device, whereby the mentioned device comprises a rail system and a vehicle with a tiltable launch platform, wherein the carriage is moveable over the mentioned rail system between an initial position and ending position, wherein the device is provided to, during the displacement of the carriage from the initial position to the ending position, tilt the launch platform from a starting position to a launch position.
  • a launch platform In the initial position of the carriage, a launch platform is located in his starting position and the launch platform will extend substantially horizontally.
  • the launch platform tilts during the movement of the carriage to its ending position, gradually around a transition point which is located on the front of the launch platform. Therefore, in the launch position, de rear side of the launch platform will be located higher than the front side. Because the launch platform will be tilted gradually during the movement, the angle of inclination of the launch platform (angle of launch platform) will also increase gradually during the movement.
  • the launch platform will be tilted during the movement in function of the speed and the acceleration of the carriage to compensate the impact of the force of the air resistance and the impact of the force of the inertia of the body of the user as a result of the acceleration.
  • the mentioned device is provided with driving mechanisms for the displacement of the moveable carriage.
  • the devices preferably comprised electromechanical and. or pneumatic and/or magnetic and/or hydraulic driving mechanisms.
  • this further comprises a disconnecting device provided for the disconnecting of the movable carriage of the driving mechanism.
  • the device comprises stoppers (brake device) provided for the immediate stop of the movable carriage. By abruptly stopping the carriage, at the height of its ending position, the user will be launched.
  • the rail system of the device according to the invention comprises at least one first profile which will extend substantially horizontally. Over this first profile the carriage will move between its initial and ending position.
  • the device comprises adjusting means which are provided for the adjusting of the angle of the launching platform between the starting position and the launch position. In the launch position the backside of the launch platform is higher than the front side of the launch platform.
  • the mentioned adjusting means are in particular provided for the progressive adjustment of the angle of the launch platform
  • the mentioned launch platform has a hinge shaft at the front, in order that the backside can be pressed upwards by the adjusting means.
  • the mentioned launch platform has a hinge shaft at the back, in order that the front side can be pressed downwards by the adjusting means.
  • the rail system further comprises a second profile which is established slanted and form at least a part of the adjusting means of the device.
  • the position of the hinge shaft determines the position of the second profile.
  • the mentioned adjusting means comprises a slanted rail profile that gradually rises (in the direction of the first profile) from the beginning of the device towards the end.
  • the mentioned adjusting means comprises a slanted rail profile that gradually runs down from the beginning of the device towards the end.
  • the mentioned adjusting means comprises an electric motor which drives a gear wheel using a reduction, that drives at his turn a tooth rack, that pushes at his turn the launch platform at the back gradually upwards during the launch.
  • the mentioned adjusting means comprises an electric motor which drives by means of a reduction a gear wheel, that drives at his turn a tooth rack, that pulls at his turn a movable launch platform (8) in the front gradually downwards during the launch.
  • the mentioned adjusting means comprises a compressed air driven piston or by means of oil pressure, which gradually pushes the launch platform at the back upwards during the launch.
  • the mentioned adjusting means comprise a compressed air driven piston or by means of oil pressure, which gradually pulls the launch platform at the front downwards during the launch.
  • the solution according to the invention consists of the earlier mentioned three existing ways to be replaced by a launching device (catapult).
  • This device comprises a moveable carriage, preferably driven by an electric motor.
  • the moveable carriage launches the uses, for example a: snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder, with an increasing speed to make a jump on a kicker or ramp.
  • the user is standing hereby on a launch platform with an adjustable launch pad angle.
  • the angle of the launch platform will hereby be adjusted automatically in function of the speed and the acceleration of the moveable carriage, to prevent that the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder would fall from the launch platform by the air resistance or the force from the inertia.
  • An alternative for the movable carriage could be to replace the movable carriage by one conveyor belt or different conveyor belts placed after another.
  • the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder stands instead of on a launch platform on a conveyor belt and will be launched by the increasing speed of the conveyor belt. Or if it concerns different conveyor belts after another whereby the one has a higher speed after the other, the snow boarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder will be shifted from the one conveyor belt after the other with gaining speed and so also be launched at the end.
  • the device in accordance with this invention is suitable for moving a user, in particular a snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder (2) in the direction of a jump device, such as a ramp or kicker.
  • the device comprises a launch platform (8) which is provided to move with increasing speed over a rail system, and that is lifted gradually during the launch as the speed increases, in order to prevent that the user falls off as a result of the acceleration of the platform (2), and whereby the device includes a braking system to bring the launch platform abruptly to a halt so the user gets launched.
  • Fig. 1 is an overall drawing made of the entire launching device (catapult) in accordance with this invention. Because the entire catapult is about 30 meter long, two cuts are made. Section A cuts off a part between the launching part and the middle part of the catapult, and section B cuts off a part between the launching part of the catapult and the middle part. Furthermore, the protection is partially removed. Section C cuts off a part from the top protection mousse (23) and section D cuts of a part from the side protection mousse (22).
  • the catapult further comprises two rails that run over the entire length of the catapult.
  • the operation of these rails will be further described.
  • a launch platform (8) attached by use of a hinge shaft (7).
  • a snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder (2) can stand with his board, skis or similar without the holding of a handle or rope to gets launched in the direction of a ramp or kicker to make a jump.
  • the movable carriage (1) comprises, amongst others, the launch platform (8), a push arm (9), a hinge shaft (7), a set of wheels for the straight rail profile (10), a set of wheels for the slanted rail profile (11), a cable jumper (17), a cable eye (18) and an elastic shaft of the cable jumper (54).
  • the operation thereof will be further described.
  • the angle of the launch platform will be adjusted from 0 degrees in starting position (24) of the launch platform to +/- 35 degrees in launch position (25) of the launch platform, the operation and calculation thereof is further described.
  • the movable carriage (1) is driven by an electric motor (14) with frequency control.
  • the drive of the movable carriage (1) further comprises a pulley (12), an idler (16) and a cable loop (13).
  • the cable loop (13) is mounted to the movable carriage (1) through a cable jumper (17).
  • the cable jumper (17) is activated by a contact rail (20). The operation thereof will be further described.
  • the catapult can be used by a snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder (2) to realize a jump; this in combination with a ramp or a kicker, this setup is further clarified.
  • Fig. 2 the catapult is shown in combination with a walk-in slope (21) and a ramp or kicker (4).
  • the movable carriage launches the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder (2) of the starting position (24) of the catapult to the launch position (25).
  • Fig. 3 the catapult is visible from behind where the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder (2) is standing on the launch platform (8) halfway through the launch.
  • Fig. 4 the catapult is visible from behind where the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder (2) is standing on the launch platform (8) halfway through the launch.
  • the protection, in particular the top mousse and the side mousse, is removed so that the two rails are visible.
  • the launch is schematically represented with the movable carriage (1) to the starting position (24) ( Fig. 5.1 ) with transition to the middle of the catapult (45) ( Fig.5.2 ) to the movable carriage (1) in the launch position, (25) ( Fig. 5.3 ).
  • launching and moving the movable carriage (1) two forces are created that wants to push the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder (2) of the launch platform (8):
  • the countervailing force (51) is determined by the gravity (38) and the launch platform angle (43). From the force of gravity (38) and the launch platform angle (43), the vertical gravity (39) and the horizontal gravity (40) can be calculated. This calculation will be further explained. By the correct choice of the launch platform angle (43) the force to lift (50) can at any time of the launch be compensated by the countervailing force (51).
  • Fig. 6 is shown by use of a graph that the force to lift (50) is lifted at any time of the launch by the countervailing force (51), by adjusting the launch platform angle (43). This is achieved by adjusting the launch platform angle (43) at any time (t) of the launch.
  • the launch platform angle (43) can be calculated as follows.
  • the launch is schematically represented with the movable carriage (1) at the starting position (24) with a transition to the middle of the catapult (45) till the movable carriage (1) has come in the launch position (25).
  • the energy that's used to adjust the launch platform angle (43) comes from the electrical motor of the catapult itself.
  • the catapult has two rails.
  • the first rail is a straight rail profile (5) and the second rail is the slant rail profile (6).
  • the straight rail profile (5) is horizontal, and the slant rail profile (6) increases gradually in height of the start position (24) to the launch position (25).
  • the launching platform (8) On top of the movable carriage (1) is the launching platform (8) attached in scissors shape by use of the hinge shaft (7). At the movable carriage (1) is the set of wheels for the straight rail profile (10) attached, this set of wheels is running in the straight rail profile (5). At the rear of the launch platform (8) is a push arm (9) attached, and to this push arm (9) is the set of wheels for the slanted rail profile (11) attached, this set of wheels is running in the slant rail profile (6).
  • the launch platform (8) is horizontal. As soon as the movable carriage (1) is pulled forward by the pulley, the slant rail profile (6) presses the push arm (9) at the back gradually to height, which pushes, on his turn, the launch platform (8) upwards.
  • the advantage of this solution is that the launch platform angle (43) from the launch platform (8) mechanically increases by the tensile force of the motor and the pulley; thereby no additional electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic drive is needed on the launch platform (8) to change the launch platform angle (43).
  • the launching platform angle (43) can be set precisely at each position of the movable carriage (1) on the catapult. This with a very low risk of mistakes or failure because there is no mechanical, electrical or pneumatic system needed to realize this launch platform angle (43).
  • Another possibility is to place the hinge shaft at the rear of the launch platform and to lower the slanted rail profile instead of to rise. This way the front of the launch platform drops as the movable carriage is drawn further and further, making the launch platform angle gradually bigger.
  • FIG. 8 an overview is shown of the four positions of the movable carriage which will be further described in detail drawings.
  • the movable carriage is then pulled forward, and when it has reached the middle of the catapult (45) the launch platform angle is already bigger (see Fig. 11 ).
  • movable carriage (1) is in the starting position (24) at the beginning of the catapult ready for the launch.
  • the launch platform (8) is entirely horizontal so the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder (2) can easily stand up, ready for the launch.
  • the launch platform (8) is horizontal because the slanted rail profile is not pressing (6) the push arm (9) up.
  • the longest arm of the cable jumper (52) is downwards, this can be realized based of its weight, or by use of the elastic shaft of the cable jumper, or the combination of both. Because the longest arm of the cable jumper (52) is down, the shortest arm of the cable jumper (53) clamps the cable loop (13) for the bulge (see detail Fig. 10 )
  • Fig. 10 a detail is shown from the cable jumper (17) when the movable carriage is in the starting position.
  • the shortest arm of the cable jumper (53) is pushed upwardly by the elastic shaft of the cable jumper (54) or because the longest arm of the cable jumper (52) is hanging down by its weight, or by a combination of both forces.
  • the shortest arm of the cable jumper (53) encloses the cable loop (13) and in the cable loop (13) is a thickening or bulge (19).
  • This bulge (19) may consist of a knot or a piece of metal or plastic that is attached to the cable loop (13).
  • this thickening (19) is located between the cable eye (18) and the shortest arm of the cable jumper (53).
  • the pulley pulls at to the cable loop (13), thereby presses the bulge (19) against the shortest arm of the cable jumper (53) through which the movable carriage is running ahead.
  • Fig. 11 the movable carriage (1) can be seen in the central position.
  • the launch platform (8) at the back is already partly pushed upwards because the slant rail profile (6) is higher than in the starting position.
  • the push arm (9) is pushed upwards.
  • the cable jumper (17) encloses the cable loop and the bulge so that the cable loop (13) can pull the movable carriage (1) ahead.
  • the movable carriage (1) can be seen at the height of the contact rail (20).
  • the movable carriage (1) touches the oil damper (15) at the launch position (see Fig. 14 and 15 )
  • the movable carriage (1) suddenly stops, this while the electrical motor (14) and the pulley (12) who're driving the movable car (1) yet are able to run out.
  • the electrical motor (14) and the pulley (12) it is impossible for them to stop spinning when the movable carriage (1) hits the oil damper (15), this would lead to breakage. Therefore, the movable carriage (1), at the time that he reaches the oil damper (15) may NOT be attached anymore to the cable loop (13).
  • the solution designed for this is, to disconnect the movable carriage (1) from the cable loop (13) before the movable carriage (1) has come to the launch position.
  • the contact rail (20) will then press the longest arm of the cable jumper (52) upward, hereby, the shortest arm of the cable jumper (53) goes downward and let loose of the cable loop and bulge (see detail Fig. 13 ).
  • the movable carriage (1) is no longer connected to the cable loop (13) when the movable carriage (1), the oil damper (15) reaches, this way, the motor (14), pulley (12) and the idler can run further ahead until they come to a rest, without breakage or tension.
  • Fig. 13 is a detail drawing of the cable jumper (17) when the movable trolley is the height of the contact rail (20).
  • the contact rail (20) presses the longest arm of the cable jumper (52) upwards, this way the shortest arm of the cable jumper (53) goes downward and let go of the cable loop (13) and the bulge (19). This allows the cable loop (13) to run further out.
  • the movable carriage (1) can be seen in the launch position (25) when the movable carriage (1), touches the oil damper (15).
  • the oil damper (15) touches the contact rail (20) has already pushed the cable jumper (17) upward, and the cable jumper (17), has already released the bulge (19). This allows the electrical motor (14), pulley (12), cable loop (13) and idler to run further out.
  • the movable carriage (1) comes to a complete stop at the oil damper (15).
  • the movable carriage (1) comes abruptly to a stop against the oil damper (15).
  • the snowboarder, skier, water skier or wake boarder flies (2) away from the launch platform (8) and he can realize a jump on the ramp or kicker, via the walk-in slope (21)
  • the pulley rotates slowly in the opposite direction. This brings the bulge back until it presses to the cable eye.
  • the pulley then pulls the movable carriage (1) back.
  • the cable jumper is automatically re-energized by its own weight and/or by the elastic shaft of the cable jumper.
  • the pulley pulls the movable carriage then further back up to the starting position and the movable carriage (1) is then ready for the next launch.
  • jumper cable This mechanism works fully mechanical. There is no electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic drive necessary to disconnect the movable carriage (1) from the cable. This results in a robust and reliable system that can withstand the high speed, acceleration and forces which are released from the impact of the movable carriage (1) against the oil damper (15).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Le dispositif approprié pour le déplacement d'un utilisateur dans le sens d'un dispositif de saut, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif mentionné comprend un système de rail et un transporteur (1) avec une plate-forme de lancement orientable (8), dans lequel le transporteur est mobile sur ledit système de rail entre une position initiale et final, dans lequel le dispositif est prévu pour incliner la plate-forme de lancement (8), pendant le déplacement du transporteur (1) à partir de la position initiale à la position finale, à partir d'une position de départ (24) à un lancement des positions (25).
  2. Le dispositif selon la revendication 1, est caractérisé en ce que la plate-forme de lancement (8) au cours du mouvement, est inclinée en fonction de la vitesse et de l'accélération du transporteur (1) afin de compenser l'effet de la force de la résistance de l'air et de l'impact de l'inertie du corps de l'utilisateur à la suite de l'accélération.
  3. Le dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, est caractérisé en ce que le dispositif mentionné comporte des mécanismes d'entraînement, prévues pour le déplacement du transporteur mobile (1).
  4. Le dispositif selon la revendication 3, est caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend un dispositif d'interruption, pour fournir la déconnexion de l'appareil mobile (1) des mécanismes d'entraînement.
  5. Le dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, est caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend des mécanismes d'arrêt, prévues pour l'arrêt immédiat du transporteur mobile (1).
  6. Le dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, est caractérisé en ce que le système de rail comprend au moins un premier profil qui s'étendent horizontalement.
  7. Le dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, est caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend des moyens de réglage qui sont prévus pour le réglage de l'angle de plate-forme de lancement (43) de la plate-forme de lancement (8) entre la position de départ (24) et la position de lancement (25).
  8. Le dispositif selon la revendication 7, est caractérisé en ce que les moyens de réglage mentionnés sont prévus pour l'adaptation progressive de l'angle de la plate-forme de lancement (43) et de la plate-forme de lancement (8).
  9. Le dispositif selon la revendication 7 ou 8, est caractérisé en ce que la plate-forme de lancement mentionné (8) à l'avant d'un axe d'articulation (7) contient, de sorte que l'arrière peut être pressé vers le haut par les moyens de réglage.
  10. Le dispositif selon les revendications 7 ou 8, est caractérisé en ce que la plate-forme de lancement mentionné (8) à l'arrière d'un axe d'articulation (7) contient, de sorte que le devant peut être pressé vers le bas par les moyens de réglage.
  11. Le dispositif selon la revendication 4, est caractérisé en ce que le mécanisme d'entraînement d'une boucle de câble mentionné (13) comprend, fonctionne sur une poulie (12) et une roue poulie (16) de sorte que le transporteur mobile (1) est couplé à une boucle de câble (13) par l'utilisation du dispositif de sectionnement.
  12. Le dispositif selon la revendication 4, est caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de sectionnement mentionné d'un pont de câble (17) comprend, qui est activée par un rail de contact (20) de telle sorte qu'il libère la boucle de câble (13) avant que le transporteur mobile (1) est fourni à une butée contre les mécanismes d'arrêt.
  13. Le dispositif selon la revendication 12, est caractérisé en ce que le rail de contact mentionnée (20) est disposé à l'extrémité du dispositif, il appuie sur le cavalier de câble (17) vers le haut afin qu'elle libère la boucle de câble (13) avant que le transporteur mobile est en butée contre les mécanismes d'arrêt.
  14. Le dispositif selon les revendications 12 ou 13, est caractérisé en ce que le câbles de liaison mentionné (17), la boucle de câble (13) possède derrière un bourrelet (19) dans la boucle de câble (13), ou en le pressant contre un bloc de poussée.
  15. Le dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 14, est caractérisé en ce que les mécanismes de freinage mentionnés comprennent un amortisseur à huile (15) qui est mis en place à l'extrémité du dispositif où le transporteur mobile est en butée contre.
EP12170159.3A 2011-06-01 2012-05-31 Dispositif de lancement d'un snowboarder, skieur, skieur nautique ou wakeboarder Not-in-force EP2529801B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2011/0342A BE1020245A5 (nl) 2011-06-01 2011-06-01 Inrichting voor het lanceren van een snowboarder, skiër, waterskiër of wakeboarder.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2529801A1 EP2529801A1 (fr) 2012-12-05
EP2529801B1 true EP2529801B1 (fr) 2015-03-04

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EP12170159.3A Not-in-force EP2529801B1 (fr) 2011-06-01 2012-05-31 Dispositif de lancement d'un snowboarder, skieur, skieur nautique ou wakeboarder

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EP (1) EP2529801B1 (fr)
BE (1) BE1020245A5 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110917595A (zh) * 2019-12-09 2020-03-27 吉林体育学院 一种冰雪运动技术动作及心理素质训练装置

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2516315A1 (de) * 1975-04-15 1976-10-21 Willy Graeser Mobile abfahrtsanlage
US4188018A (en) * 1976-11-18 1980-02-12 Pertti Pasanen Means for accelerating the speed on a ski jump

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110917595A (zh) * 2019-12-09 2020-03-27 吉林体育学院 一种冰雪运动技术动作及心理素质训练装置
CN110917595B (zh) * 2019-12-09 2021-06-04 吉林体育学院 一种冰雪运动技术动作及心理素质训练装置

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EP2529801A1 (fr) 2012-12-05
BE1020245A5 (nl) 2013-07-02

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