EP2527735B1 - System and method for optimising combustion in pulverised solid fuel boilers, and boiler including such a system - Google Patents

System and method for optimising combustion in pulverised solid fuel boilers, and boiler including such a system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2527735B1
EP2527735B1 EP10707560.8A EP10707560A EP2527735B1 EP 2527735 B1 EP2527735 B1 EP 2527735B1 EP 10707560 A EP10707560 A EP 10707560A EP 2527735 B1 EP2527735 B1 EP 2527735B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
mill
group
burners
solid fuel
main
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EP10707560.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2527735A1 (en
Inventor
Francisco J. RODRÍGUEZ BAREA
Enrique Tova Holgado
Luis CAÑADAS SERRANO
Miguel Ángel DELGADO LOZANO
Miguel A. Portilla De La Concha Cobano
Miguel MORALES RODRÍGUEZ
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INERCO INGENIERIA TECNOLOGIA Y CONSULTORIA SA
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INERCO INGENIERIA TECNOLOGIA Y CONSULTORIA SA
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Priority to PL10707560T priority Critical patent/PL2527735T3/pl
Publication of EP2527735A1 publication Critical patent/EP2527735A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/247—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/30—Staged fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
    • F23K2201/10—Pulverizing
    • F23K2201/1006—Mills adapted for use with furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2203/00—Feeding arrangements
    • F23K2203/008—Feeding devices for pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2203/00—Feeding arrangements
    • F23K2203/10—Supply line fittings
    • F23K2203/105—Flow splitting devices to feed a plurality of burners

Definitions

  • the invention refers, as stated in the title to a combustion system for pulverized solid fuel (for example coal or biomass) boilers and a method, associated with this system, to optimise the process with a view to reducing contaminating gas emissions, such as nitrogen oxides, as well as optimising the boiler's performance and operation.
  • pulverized solid fuel for example coal or biomass
  • the field of application for this invention is industrial boilers.
  • NO x gases nitrogen oxides (NO x ), generated during fossil fuel combustion such as coal, fuel oil or natural gas in industrial boilers.
  • NO x gases mainly comprise NO and NO 2 and are among the gas pollutants most harmful to our health and the environment.
  • Nitrogen oxides are precursors of photochemical smog and acid rain, phenomena with direct effects on the health of animals, vegetation and human beings.
  • the technologies applied to reduce NO x emissions in this type of installation can be mainly classified into two groups: modifications and adjustments to the combustion process or primary measures and post-combustion abatement or secondary measures.
  • one of the strategies applied is based on stratification of air and fuel supplies to the boiler.
  • the lines of actions in existing units include adjusting the operation parameters of the thermal power unit and implementing modifications in the boilers such as installing low NO x burners, OFA registers (Over Fire Air), UFA (Under Fire Air), etc.
  • Stratification targets combustion in two or more stages, where the first or initial stage is rich in fuel and the second or subsequent stages are low in fuel. This refers to reducing the oxygen available in the areas critical for NO x formation and reducing the quantity of fuel that is burnt at the maximum flame temperature. Using this method it acts on the thermal NO (weakened by rich mixtures) and on the NO in the fuel (turning it into N 2 in the part originating from the combustion of volatiles).
  • patent US 6,790,031 One method of carrying out the concept of stratified combustion in stages is given in detail in patent US 6,790,031 .
  • This patent is to be applied to tangential boilers where the fuel is injected into the boiler through several sets of burners (normally associated with the same mill) arranged at successive heights.
  • the aforementioned patent establishes the stratification of the fuel contribution as an invention, so that it is higher at the lower burner level and reduces gradually through the upper levels reaching a minimum at the highest level.
  • Using this configuration produces a reducing zone (with oxygen deficit) in the lower area of the combustion chamber and an oxidising zone in the top area, which translates into a significant reduction of NO x emissions.
  • Document JP 59145406 defines a pulverized coal boiler with low NO x generation equipped with a large number of burners grouped together into several levels or stages.
  • the burners are divided into two groups, depending on the air/fuel ratio that they are fed: main burners and denitrification burners.
  • the boiler has several levels of main burners and several levels of denitrification burners, the latter having an air/fuel ratio within the range 0.2-0.8.
  • the hydrocarbon radicals generated by the substoichiometric conditions in the denitrification burners cause an overall reduction in NO x emissions.
  • the coal pneumatic transport system is designed so as to guarantee supplying those levels of denitrification burners considered as key for the of overall NO x reduction process, even in the event of a mill stopping.
  • Selecting the mill to supply each duct system is done via specially designed and protected on/off valves that connect the group of burners involved with one mill or another.
  • the invention itself does not advocate any type of adjustment to the fuel supply to each group of burners.
  • it is established as being merely operative that, independently of the mill that might be out of service, the design conditions are maintained regarding carbon injection.
  • This invention refers firstly to an combustion system for pulverized solid fuel boilers according to claim 1 with a view to reducing contaminating gas emissions, such as nitrogen oxides and/or improving the performance and operation of the industrial boilers, as the existing boilers in electrical generation units.
  • This system comprises a plurality of burners distributed into several groups arranged at different levels or in zones, with each group made up of several burners, a group of solid fuel mills (at least one more than the number of mills required to generate the maximum load of the boiler) and means of transporting the solid fuel that communicate the mills with the burners.
  • the main specific feature introduced by the invention consists of being able to establish patterns for differential solid fuel supplies between each group of burners, associated with meeting a determined operating target (reducing NO x , improving performance, reducing unburnt carbon, etc.) so that these patterns are not modified by unavailability of one of the mills.
  • the equipment conveying the fuel to the boiler is organised to include the following elements:
  • this considers the possibility of incorporating connections between the input sections of the distributors and the flow splitters. These connections will be enabled when there is a stoppage in the support mill. In this way, the substitution mill will perform the functions of the support mill, should the latter fail.
  • This invention therefore, allows to assure and adjust the fuel supply to certain groups of main burners, permitting supply patterns to be established that can lead to great stratification between different groups of burners, without the need to operate the mills outside their normal design point and independently of the mill that might be taken out of service for maintenance or another purpose.
  • This invention also focuses on an operation method according to claim 10 that, by using the elements described, can stratify the fuel through the following process:
  • the solid fuel (typically coal) supplied to the boiler (1) comes from 6 mills (3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F), from where a two-phase air/solid fuel mixture is distributed to the burners (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F) through a network of pneumatic transport ducts.
  • the full boiler load can be obtained with contribution from only 5 of the mills in operation, working at their nominal setting.
  • figure 1 represents the transport ducts to the burners of the groups (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F) located in one of the corners of the boiler (1), as the distribution is exactly the same for the other three corners.
  • mills (3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F)
  • main mills (3F, 3E, 3D and 3C)
  • main burner groups (2F, 2E, 2D, 2C)
  • substitution mill from which 4 transport ducts also run, one for each corner.
  • These ducts rise to the level of the first group of auxiliary burners (2B) where they split by means of the first three-way connections (4) (one per corner) into 2 groups of alternate lines; some towards the first group of auxiliary burners (2B) and others towards the distributors (5) (there are 4 distributors, one per corner) dropping down with outputs on the 4 lower levels.
  • the first three-way connections (4) have 2 guillotine valves (6, 7) connected to their outputs to guarantee that one of the lines is completely closed when the opposite one is activated. They also have a first deflector (8) to minimise pressure drop caused by the change in direction.
  • the distributors (5) divert the flow of solid fuel from the substitution mill (3B) towards one of the main burner groups (2F, 2E, 2D, 2B, 2C), if their corresponding main mill is out of service.
  • the group of main burners (2F, 2E, 2D, 2B, 2C) supplied by the substitution mill (3B) is selected by means of guillotine valves (9, 10, 11, 12) and flow deflectors (13, 14, 15) associated with each output of the distributors (5).
  • the outputs for the distributors (5) join up with the ducts from the main mills (3F, 3E, 3D and 3C) by means of junctions (16, 17, 18, 19) located downstream of the guillotine valves (9, 10, 11, 12).
  • a support mill (3A) from which 4 transport ducts lead, one for each corner, that rise to the level where there is a second group of auxiliary burners (2A) where they split by means of the second three-way connections (20) (one per corner) into 2 groups of alternate lines; some towards the second group of auxiliary burners (2A) and others towards flow splitters (21) (there are 4 splitters, one per corner) dropping down with output to the 4 lower levels of burners.
  • the second three-way connections (20) have these 2 guillotine valves (22, 23) on their outputs to guarantee that one of the lines is completely closed when the opposite one is activated. They also have a second deflector (24) to minimise pressure drop caused by the change in direction.
  • the splitter (21) for each corner divides the flow of solid fuel from the support mill (3A) into 4 streams of two-phase air/solid fuel mixture sent towards the burners of this corner belonging to the main burner groups (2F, 2E, 2D, 2C).
  • Each of these support streams joins each duct that connects the distributor (5) outputs for this corner with the burners belonging to the main burner groups (2F, 2E, 2D, 2C) through junctions (25, 26, 27, 28) located between the guillotine valves (9, 10, 11, 12) and the junctions (16, 17, 18, 19) with the ducts from the main mills (3F, 3E, 3D, 3C).
  • the distribution of the support two-phase mixture between the main burner groups (2F, 2E, 2D, 2C) is regulated by means of flow deflectors (29, 30, 31, 32) equipped with mechanisms for their intermediate positioning depending on the required distribution in terms of flows and granulometry of the solid fuel.
  • the distributor (5) and the splitter (21) are connected through a joining duct (33) fitted with a guillotine valve (34) and a third set of flow deflectors (35, 36). This connection allows the substitution mill (3B) to take on the support mill work (3A) when this is out of service.
  • This operating method is limited by the mills' maximum production capacity and, in any case, conditioned by their availability. In this respect, a stoppage in the lower level mill would oblige the top mill to start up to generate the maximum load of the boiler, which would be associated with greater generation of NO x .
  • FIG. 3 shows the production of each mill as a percentage, the distribution of the support mill production (3A) between each level of main burner groups (2F, 2E, 2D, 2C) and the total flow managed by each level of burner group. It also represents the position of the guillotine valves and deflectors that permit the pattern to work. As we can see, the 4 levels of main burner groups (2F, 2E, 2D, 2C) would be supplied through their respective mills (3F, 3E, 3D, 3C) operating at their nominal load.
  • substitution mill (3B) would remain stopped whilst the support mill (3A) would be in nominal operation providing its production to the 4 lower levels, divided, based on the position of the deflectors (29, 30, 31, 32), into fractions of 30% for the two lower levels and 20% for the third and fourth.
  • the substitution mill (3B) would be put into action
  • the guillotine valves (11) would be opened for the burners of group (2E) corresponding to the second level and the flow deflectors (15) of the distributors (5) would be activated so that the substitution mill (3B) supply is diverted to this burner group (2E).
  • distribution to the other main burner groups would be maintained (including for the second level) concerning the production of the support mill (3A).
  • the substitution mill (3B) would be put into action, the guillotine valves (34) would be opened on the joining ducts (33) that communicate the distributors (5) and the splitters (21) and the second deflectors (35, 36) would be activated to divert the streams from the substitution mill (3B) to the splitters (21) as this mill takes on the function of the support mill (3A).
  • the previous pattern of providing solid fuel is very practical in cases where co-combustion is considered using coal with another solid fuel (for example, biomass)
  • the alternative fuel for example biomass
  • the alternative fuel can be pulverized in the support mill (3A) and from here, by virtue of the system of transport defined, it can be supplied to the main burner groups (2F, 2E, 2D, 2C) along with the respective streams of pulverized coal from the other mills.
  • the configuration proposed for the transport system provides great flexibility regarding other possible strategies for fuel distribution by level.
  • One example of this is operating the boiler at full load, with 6 mills in operation, thereby making use of all the milling mass in the unit, with the consequent improvement in the overall granulometry of the pulverized fuel.
  • figure 4 shows the configuration that can establish an operation pattern of the defined strategy.
  • production from the substitution mill (3B) is diverted to the fifth level in which we find the first group of auxiliary burners (2B) opening the guillotine valves (6), closing the guillotine valves (7) and activating the deflector (8) for the first 3-way connections (4).
  • the only level of burners without a supply would in this case be the level corresponding to the second group of auxiliary burners (2A), whilst the main groups of burners (2F, 2E, 2D, 2C) would be supplied by their corresponding mills, operating slightly under their nominal load, and additionally each one of them using a percentage of the production from the support mill (3A), that would also operate below its nominal load.
  • This injection pattern gives better control of the unburnt carbon in fly ash compromising with a significant reduction in NO x .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
EP10707560.8A 2010-01-22 2010-01-22 System and method for optimising combustion in pulverised solid fuel boilers, and boiler including such a system Active EP2527735B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL10707560T PL2527735T3 (pl) 2010-01-22 2010-01-22 System i sposób optymalizacji spalania w kotłach na pyłowe paliwo stałe i kocioł z takim systemem

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2010/070039 WO2011089283A1 (es) 2010-01-22 2010-01-22 Sistema y procedimiento de optimización de combustión en calderas de combustible sólido pulverizado, y caldera que incorpora dicho sistema

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2527735A1 EP2527735A1 (en) 2012-11-28
EP2527735B1 true EP2527735B1 (en) 2014-03-19

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US (1) US20130040251A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2527735B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN102822600B (zh)
ES (1) ES2473990T3 (zh)
PL (1) PL2527735T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2011089283A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (9)

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US9746179B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-08-29 General Electric Technology Gmbh System and method for low load operation of coal mill
CN103322547B (zh) * 2013-06-25 2015-01-07 西安艾贝尔科技发展有限公司 一种锅炉控制与燃烧优化方法
FR3016806B1 (fr) * 2014-01-28 2017-11-17 Electricite De France Procede de reduction des emissions de nox dans une centrale thermique a charbon.
JP6276647B2 (ja) * 2014-05-14 2018-02-07 株式会社東芝 石炭焚ボイラおよびその運転制御方法
WO2016020559A1 (es) * 2014-08-07 2016-02-11 Inerco Ingeniería, Tecnología Y Consultoría, S.A. Sistema de optimización de la combustión para calderas de combustible sólido pulverizado y caldera que incorpora dicho sistema
DE102015005416B4 (de) * 2015-04-29 2023-11-30 Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Calcinators mit einem Gasbrenner
CN106287675A (zh) * 2016-08-10 2017-01-04 重庆市富燃科技有限责任公司 具有火电灵活性调节功能的四角切圆锅炉及其调节方法
CN106382625A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-02-08 重庆富燃科技股份有限公司 具有火电灵活性调节功能的六角切圆锅炉及其调节方法
CN106979532A (zh) * 2017-03-31 2017-07-25 高安市成兴实业有限公司 直燃式煤粉供应系统

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2527735A1 (en) 2012-11-28
WO2011089283A1 (es) 2011-07-28
PL2527735T3 (pl) 2014-08-29
ES2473990T3 (es) 2014-07-08
CN102822600B (zh) 2015-03-04
CN102822600A (zh) 2012-12-12
US20130040251A1 (en) 2013-02-14

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