EP2526595B1 - Zündkerze, zündsystem, motor und zündverfahren für den motor - Google Patents

Zündkerze, zündsystem, motor und zündverfahren für den motor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2526595B1
EP2526595B1 EP11704661.5A EP11704661A EP2526595B1 EP 2526595 B1 EP2526595 B1 EP 2526595B1 EP 11704661 A EP11704661 A EP 11704661A EP 2526595 B1 EP2526595 B1 EP 2526595B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark plug
engine
une
spike
excitation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11704661.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2526595A1 (de
Inventor
Maxime Makarov
Xavier Jaffrezic
André AGNERAY
Nadim Malek
Marc Pariente
Franck Deloraine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
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Renault SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2526595A1 publication Critical patent/EP2526595A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/50—Sparking plugs having means for ionisation of gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spark plug for a confined gaseous medium present, for example, in a motor vehicle and, in particular, in an internal combustion engine disposed on the motor vehicle.
  • the electrode 5 ionizes the gaseous medium 2 when the series resonator 7 delivers at output terminal 72 an overvoltage V equal to or less than 30KV AC.
  • Such a candle 1 is known to those skilled in the art as shown, for example, in the French patent application. FR 2,859,830 .
  • the latter describes an internal combustion engine having a cylinder head, a piston and a cylinder which form between them a combustion chamber.
  • the known spark plug 1 is actuated by excitation means which supply alternating current to the series resonator via the power supply terminal 70.
  • the known spark plug 1 is used to ignite the confined gaseous medium which is contained in the combustion chamber.
  • the candle according to the invention is able to generate, from the first head of the tip, at least one branched multifilament spark in the gaseous environment.
  • This branched multifilament spark comprises a plurality of filaments which occupy a volume in the extension of the longitudinal axis outside the first head.
  • the filaments can ignite the gaseous medium confined almost instantly volumetrically, that is to say, in several places at once, which contributes to increase the spark efficiency of the candle according to the invention.
  • the filaments have temperatures ranging from about 1000 ° C to about 1500 ° C. This tends to increase the ignition reliability of the gaseous medium confined by the candle according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to an ignition system comprising at least one spark plug according to the invention and to excitation means adapted to supply, via the power supply terminal, the AC series series resonator. excitation.
  • the figure 1 represents a known candle described in the French patent application FR 2,859,830 and already commented on above. As a result, it is not described below.
  • the series resonator 7 has the more compact geometry.
  • the distance between the inductive coil 73 and the tip 6 is reduced, which contributes, for the inductance given by the inductive coil 73, to reducing the capacitance 74 of the series resonator 7.
  • the latter has an inversely proportional natural frequency F, for the inductance given by the inductive winding 73, to the square root of the capacitor 74. Consequently, the reduction of the capacitance 74 is reflected, for the given inductance of the winding.
  • the compact geometry of the series resonator 7 with the inductive winding 73 housed in the outer envelope 3 makes it possible, for the inductance given by the inductive winding 73, to increase the natural frequency F of the series resonator 7 and, therefore, its overvoltage coefficient.
  • the compact geometry of the series resonator 7 tends to reduce the power consumption of the spark plug 1.
  • the lower voltage of the alternating excitation current at the power supply terminal 70 of the series resonator 7 contributes to reducing risks of electrical losses in electrical circuits upstream of the spark plug 1.
  • the distance between the inductive winding 73 and the tip 6 is between 2 cm and 6 cm.
  • the selective overvoltage V at the output terminal 72 is equal to or less than 30 KV AC.
  • the tip 6 has at its end 60 opposite the outlet 31 of the outer casing 3 at least a first head 61 having a first radius R 1 of curvature equal to or less than 250 ⁇ m.
  • the resonator 7 series has the natural frequency F between 3 MHz and 10 MHz.
  • the candle 1 is able to generate at least one branched multifilament spark 600 generated from the first head 61 of the tip 6 and comprising a plurality of filaments 601 occupying a volume ⁇ in the extension of the longitudinal axis AB outside the first head 61.
  • the volume ⁇ occupied by the filaments 601 can be inserted into a cone ⁇ (preferably in a cone of revolution with an axis of revolution coinciding with, for example, the longitudinal axis AB) having an opening angle ⁇ of cone ⁇ less than 180 ° ( ⁇ ⁇ 180 °) and a vertex M coincides with the first head 61.
  • the filaments 601 can ignite the gaseous medium 2 confined almost instantaneously volumetrically, that is to say, in several places at once, which increases the effectiveness of the ignition by the candle 1 and helps to smother detonations (breakdowns) that can accompany the ignition.
  • the filaments 601 have temperatures ranging from about 1000 ° C to about 1500 ° C. This tends to increase the ignition reliability of the gaseous medium 2 confined by the candle 1.
  • the axial distance L1 between the inductive winding 73 (lower end 730) and the free end 60 of the tip 6 between 2 cm and 6 cm contributes to making the resonator 7 series and, in fine, the outer envelope 3 (and , therefore, the candle 1 as a whole) more compact.
  • the ratio between the height H and the transverse dimension L of the tip 6 is between 4.5 and 5.5.
  • the height H can be between about 5 mm and about 12 mm (5 mm ⁇ H ⁇ 12 mm); the transverse dimension L (diameter) can be between about 1 mm and about 5 mm (1 mm ⁇ H ⁇ 5 mm).
  • the first head 61 is disposed axially on the tip 6.
  • the latter has at its end 60 opposite the outlet 31 of the outer casing 3 at least a second head 62 having a second radius R 2 of equal or lower curvature at 250 ⁇ m and / or disposed laterally to the axis AB, (approximately) two-thirds of the height H of the tip 6 from the insulator 4, the first and the second heads 61, 62 being spaced apart from one another. another of an angle ⁇ between 45 ° and 90 °.
  • the invention relates to an ignition system 10 comprising at least one candle 1 according to the invention and excitation means 8 adapted to supply, via the power supply terminal 70, the series resonator 7 AC excitation.
  • the duration ⁇ of excitation of the series resonator 7 by the excitation means 8 is between 20 ⁇ s and 2.10 3 ⁇ s: 20 ⁇ s ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 20 ms.
  • the rise speed ⁇ of the amplitude of the selective overvoltage V delivered by the series resonator 7 to the output terminal 72 is between 2.5 * 10 9 V / s and 5.0 * 10 9 V / s: 2 , 5 * 10 9 V / s ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 5.0 * 10 9 V / s.
  • the rise time T of the amplitude of the selective overvoltage V delivered by the series resonator 7 to the output terminal 72 is between 10 ⁇ s and 20 ⁇ s: 10 ⁇ s ⁇ T ⁇ 20 ⁇ s.
  • the series resonator 7 has a narrower resonance peak around its resonant frequency. Therefore, any dielectric disturbance around the tip 61 due, for example, to the production by the spark plug 1 (and, therefore, by the ignition system 10) of the branched multifilament spark 600, removes almost immediately the the resonator 7's natural frequency F series of its resonant frequency at which it is controlled.
  • the selective overvoltage V delivered by the series resonator 7 to the output terminal 72 and thus on the tip 61 is immediately reduced, which prevents any spatial extension of the filaments 601 of the branched multifilament spark 600, especially in the prolongation of the longitudinal axis AB.
  • this self-regulating mechanism it is possible to adjust (by attributing the quality coefficient predefined to the candle 1 during its manufacture), the volume ⁇ occupied by the filaments 601 (and, in particular, the extent of the 600 branched multifilament spark in the extension of the longitudinal axis AB) without resorting to complex systems for the real-time management of the selective overvoltage V at the output terminal 72 of the candle 1.
  • the mastery of the Spatial extent of the filaments 601 in the extension of the longitudinal axis AB outside the spark plug 1 ensures the controlled ignition of the gaseous medium 2 confined by the ignition system 10.
  • the reduced linear dimensions of the series resonator 7 make the spark plug 1 (and, therefore, the ignition system 10) more compact and thus contribute to decluttering the engine 9 and making it lighter. These measures ultimately contribute to increasing the efficiency of the engine 9 by providing equal power for a lower weight of the latter to meet the increasingly stringent requirements of anti-pollution standards. In addition, this makes it easier to mount the spark plug 1 (and, therefore, the ignition system 10) on the engine 9.
  • the connecting channel 95 can be arranged in the cylinder head 90, and at least the piston 91 is connected to the ground terminal 71.
  • the spark plug 1 (and, therefore, the ignition system 10) can be mounted on the cylinder head 90 almost without encumbering the latter.
  • This meets an industrial need for miniaturization of 9 engines to make them comply with anti-pollution standards more stringent. Binding the piston 91 to the ground terminal 71 makes it possible to orient the induced electric field E in a preferred manner, for example, along the longitudinal axis AB, directly in the combustion chamber 94, without calling upon any other specific electrical means (for example, without using any other specific electrode disposed at a distance from the tip 6).
  • the absence of said specific electrical means contributes to make the spark plug 1 (and, therefore, the ignition system 10) more compact and to de-clutter the cylinder head 90. Therefore, the spark plug 1 (and, therefore, the ignition system 10) is better adapted to the cylinder heads 90 (and ultimately to the engines 9) of small sizes.
  • the piston 91 and the tip 6 are, along the axis AB, spaced from each other by at least 0.5 cm, as illustrated with the aid of FIG. a threshold difference referenced ⁇ between the piston 91 and the first head 61 of the tip 6 on the figure 3 : ⁇ ⁇ 0.5 cm. This should be checked under all circumstances of engine operation.
  • This mode of operation contributes to increasing the quality coefficient of the series resonator 7 and, as already mentioned above, to make self-regulating the mechanism for maintaining the second discharge (regime specific to the third zone III on the figure 5 ) without resorting to complex systems for the real-time management of the selective overvoltage V at the output terminal 72 of the candle 1.
  • This contributes ultimately to further control the ignition of the gaseous medium 2 confined by the candle 1 according to the invention (and, consequently, by the ignition system 10 according to the invention).
  • the ignition process comprises, during a compression cycle C of the motor 9, at least two stages of delivering the selective overvoltage V by the series resonator 7 to the output terminal 72.
  • This operating mode contributes to reliability of the ignition by the spark plug 1 according to the invention (and, consequently, by the ignition system 10 according to the invention) of the gaseous medium 2 confined (air-fuel mixture) in the combustion chamber 94 of the engine 9 regardless of the operating mode of the latter and, in particular, during a cold start of said engine 9 .

Landscapes

  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Zündkerze (1), die geeignet ist ein gasförmiges Medium (2) zu zünden, wobei die Zündkerze (1) eine Längsachse (AB) aufweist und umfasst:
    ▪ eine äußere längliche Hülle (3) entlang der Achse (AB), die ein erstes und ein zweites axial gegenüberliegendes Ende (30, 31) aufweist und eine Funktion der Befestigung der Zündkerze (1) in dem gasförmigen Medium (2) gewährleistet,
    ▪ einen Isolator (4),
    ▪ eine Elektrode (5), umfassend eine Spitze (6), die axial über den Isolator (4) zum zweiten Ende (31) der äußeren Hülle (3) hinausragt,
    ▪ einen seriellen Resonator (7), umfassend eine Induktionswicklung (73), die zwischen einer Versorgungsklemme (70) mit Wechselerregerstrom und einer Ausgangsklemme (72) angeordnet ist, wobei der serielle Resonator (7) eine Eigenfrequenz (F) zwischen 3 MHz und 10 MHz aufweist,
    wobei die Elektrode (5) das gasförmige Medium (2) ionisiert, wenn der serielle Resonator (7) an der Ausgangsklemme (72) eine Überspannung (V) gleich oder kleiner als 30 kV Wechselstrom liefert,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die folgenden Merkmale überprüft werden:
    - der Axialabstand (L1) zwischen der Induktionswicklung (73) und einem freien Ende (60) der Spitze (6) beträgt zwischen 2 cm und 6 cm,
    - das freie Ende (60) umfasst mindestens einen ersten Kopf (61), der einen Krümmungsradius (R1) gleich oder kleiner als 250 µm aufweist.
  2. Zündkerze (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spitze (6) von kegelstumpfartiger Form ist.
  3. Zündkerze (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spitze (6) aufweist:
    ▪ an ihrer Basis (610) eine Querabmessung (L) im Querschnitt, und
    ▪ eine Höhe (H), gemessen entlang der Achse (AB) zwischen dem freien Ende (60) und der Basis (610),
    wobei das Verhältnis zwischen der Höhe (H) und der Querabmessung (L) zwischen 4,5 und 5,5 beträgt.
  4. Zündkerze (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Kopf (61) axial auf der Spitze (6) angeordnet ist, welche mindestens einen zweiten Kopf (62) umfasst, der seitlich zur Achse (AB) angeordnet ist, wobei der erste und der zweite Kopf (61, 62) voneinander um einen Winkel (α) zwischen 45° und 90° entfernt sind.
  5. Zündkerze (1) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Kopf (62) einen Krümmungsradius (R2) gleich oder kleiner als 250 µm aufweist und/oder ungefähr auf zwei Drittel der Höhe (H) der Spitze (6) vom Isolator (4) angeordnet ist.
  6. Zündsystem (10), umfassend mindestens eine Zündkerze (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche und Erregermittel (8), die über die Versorgungsklemme (70) den seriellen Resonator (7) mit Wechselerregerstrom versorgen.
  7. Verbrennungsmotor (9), umfassend:
    ▪ einen Zylinderkopf (90), einen Kolben (91) und einen Zylinder (92), die dazu vorgesehen sind, eine innere Hülle (93) einer Brennkammer (94) zu bilden, und
    ▪ einen Kanal (95), der in der inneren Hülle (93) vorgesehen ist,
    wobei der Motor (9) das Zündsystem (10) nach Anspruch 6 verwendet, bei dem das gasförmige Medium (2) in der Brennkammer (94) enthalten ist, und bei dem die Zündkerze (1) in dem Kanal (95) angeordnet ist.
  8. Verbrennungsmotor (9) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbindungskanal (95) in dem Zylinderkopf (90) angeordnet ist, und dass der Kolben (91) mit einer Masseklemme (71) verbunden ist.
  9. Verbrennungsmotor (9) nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolben (91) und die Spitze (6) voneinander mindestens 0,5 cm unter allen Betriebsumständen des Motors entfernt sind.
  10. Zündverfahren (Z) eines gasförmigen Gemisches (2) durch eine Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, oder durch das Zündsystem (10) nach Anspruch 6 in dem Verbrennungsmotor (9) nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es umfasst:
    ▪ einen Schritt (Z1) des Erhöhens der Amplitude der Überspannung (V), die vom seriellen Resonator (7) an die Ausgangsklemme (72) geliefert wird, mit einer Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (ψ) zwischen 2,5*109 V/s und 5,0*109 V/s während einer Anstiegszeit (T) zwischen 10 µs und 20 µs, und
    ▪ einen Schritt (Z2) der Erregung des seriellen Resonators (7) während einer Erregungsdauer (τ) zwischen 20 µs und 2.103 µs.
  11. Zündverfahren (Z) nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es während eines Kompressionszyklus (C) des Motors mindestens zwei Schritte der Lieferung der Überspannung (V) durch den seriellen Resonator (7) an die Ausgangsklemme (72) umfasst.
EP11704661.5A 2010-01-22 2011-01-20 Zündkerze, zündsystem, motor und zündverfahren für den motor Not-in-force EP2526595B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1050434A FR2955710B1 (fr) 2010-01-22 2010-01-22 Bougie, systeme d'allumage, moteur et procede d'allumage pour le moteur.
PCT/FR2011/050103 WO2011089360A1 (fr) 2010-01-22 2011-01-20 Bougie, systeme d'allumage, moteur et procede d'allumage pour le moteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2526595A1 EP2526595A1 (de) 2012-11-28
EP2526595B1 true EP2526595B1 (de) 2015-03-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11704661.5A Not-in-force EP2526595B1 (de) 2010-01-22 2011-01-20 Zündkerze, zündsystem, motor und zündverfahren für den motor

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EP (1) EP2526595B1 (de)
CN (1) CN102804527B (de)
FR (1) FR2955710B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2011089360A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3000142B1 (fr) * 2012-12-26 2018-01-26 Renault S.A.S Procede de gestion d'un moteur ajustant la tension de fonctionnement d'une bougie d'allumage radiofrequence
EP3080439A1 (de) 2013-12-12 2016-10-19 Federal-Mogul Ignition Company Steuerungssystem für koronazündstromversorgung

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5555862A (en) * 1994-07-19 1996-09-17 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Spark plug including magnetic field producing means for generating a variable length arc
US6321733B1 (en) * 1996-05-29 2001-11-27 Knite, Inc. Traveling spark ignition system and ignitor therefor
US6035838A (en) * 1998-04-20 2000-03-14 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Controlled energy ignition system for an internal combustion engine
FR2859830B1 (fr) * 2003-09-12 2014-02-21 Renault Sas Bougie de generation de plasma a inductance integree.
FR2893455B1 (fr) * 2005-11-14 2007-12-14 Renault Sas Bougie d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne
EP2018473B1 (de) * 2006-05-18 2015-01-07 North-West University Zündsystem
FR2914530B1 (fr) * 2007-03-28 2014-06-20 Renault Sas Pilotage optimal a la frequence de resonance d'un resonateur d'un allumage radiofrequence.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2526595A1 (de) 2012-11-28
FR2955710B1 (fr) 2012-01-13
CN102804527A (zh) 2012-11-28
WO2011089360A1 (fr) 2011-07-28
FR2955710A1 (fr) 2011-07-29
CN102804527B (zh) 2014-01-22

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