EP2510532A2 - Elektromechanischer mikroschalter zur schaltung eines elektrischen signals, mikroelektromechanisches system, integrierte schaltung und verfahren zur herstellung einer integrierten schaltung - Google Patents
Elektromechanischer mikroschalter zur schaltung eines elektrischen signals, mikroelektromechanisches system, integrierte schaltung und verfahren zur herstellung einer integrierten schaltungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2510532A2 EP2510532A2 EP10787759A EP10787759A EP2510532A2 EP 2510532 A2 EP2510532 A2 EP 2510532A2 EP 10787759 A EP10787759 A EP 10787759A EP 10787759 A EP10787759 A EP 10787759A EP 2510532 A2 EP2510532 A2 EP 2510532A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- drive electrode
- contact rocker
- microelectromechanical system
- rocker
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H59/00—Electrostatic relays; Electro-adhesion relays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H59/00—Electrostatic relays; Electro-adhesion relays
- H01H59/0009—Electrostatic relays; Electro-adhesion relays making use of micromechanics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/0036—Switches making use of microelectromechanical systems [MEMS]
Definitions
- Electromechanical microswitch for switching an electrical signal microelectromechanical system, integrated circuit and method for producing an integrated circuit
- the invention relates to a microelectromechanical system. Furthermore, the invention relates to an integrated circuit with such a micro-electro-mechanical system and a method for producing an integrated circuit.
- a microelectromechanical system of the Applicant is z. B. from WO 2009/003958 known.
- An electromechanical microswitch as described in US 6,529,093, can be used for switching a radio frequency signal, in particular in the GHz range.
- a radio frequency signal in particular in the GHz range.
- the above-mentioned US Pat. No. 6,529,093 describes a micromechanical switch which consists of a polysilicon cantilever and which is driven by an electrode arrangement to which an electrical potential is applied.
- a second electrode arrangement is provided for switching the RF signal. At least one of the electrodes of an electrode pair is provided with a dielectric layer.
- the cantilever can also be designed as a bridge clamped on both sides.
- the necessary for the realization of the micro-switch layer structure consists of partially applied layers of a dielectric, conductive materials and polysilicon. Also in US 6,639,488 an RF microswitch is described, the layer structure is characterized by applying various dielectric and electrically conductive layers. Although both of these documents use fabrication methods that are to be described as CMOS compatible, they require steps to fabricate the microswitches that are not required in the fabrication of microelectronic circuits.
- CMOS manufacturing process generally, which is divided into a front-end of line (FEoL) and a back-end of line (BEoL) area. While the process steps of the FEoL range are concerned with the production of the transistors directly on the surface of the silicon substrate, in the BEoL range, the transistors are connected to one another by electrical lines. In particular, such compounds are fabricated from the patterning of horizontal metal planes and vertical lines (so-called vias) embedded in electrically insulating layers between the horizontal metal planes. Now the processes carried out in the two areas FEoL and BEoL differ considerably in their thermal budget, in particular in the amount and duration of the process temperatures used.
- the invention begins, whose task is to specify a device for switching an electrical signal and a method for producing the device, which are designed so that a production can be carried out CMOS process compatible in the BEoL range.
- the device should be suitable for the switching of signals, in particular of radio-frequency signals, in the GHz range.
- the object of the invention is achieved by means of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) with an electromechanical microswitch for switching an electrical signal, in particular a radio frequency signal (RFMEMS), in particular in the GHz range, comprising: one on the Substrate, in particular silicon substrate, arranged multi-level interconnect layer stack whose interconnects are insulated by electrically insulating layers against each other and electrically connected via via contacts, in particular with electrical circuits that can be mounted on / in the substrate or the like, the in a recess of the multilevel interconnect layer stack integrated electromechanical switch with a contact rocker, a mating contact and at least one drive electrode for the contact rocker, wherein the contact rocker, the mating contact and the at least one drive electrode each part of a line e of the multilevel interconnect layer stack.
- MEMS microelectromechanical system
- RFMEMS radio frequency signal
- the microelectromechanical system is designed in particular for switching an electrical signal in the form of a radio-frequency signal as a radio-frequency microelectro-mechanical system (RFMEMS), in particular for switching high-frequency signals in the GHz range.
- the invention also leads to the integration of an electronic circuit with a microelectromechanical system, wherein preferably the electronic circuit is implemented in the form of an integrated CMOS circuit for achieving the object.
- the object is achieved by the invention by means of a method of the type mentioned above, wherein the production of the integrated circuit takes place in a CMOS manufacturing process, comprising the steps:
- the electromechanical microswitch is integrated in a BEoL process in a recess of the multilevel interconnect stack and the contact rocker ,
- the mating contact and the at least one contact swing activating drive electrode is part of a line level of the multilevel interconnect layer stack.
- the invention has recognized that it is possible to advantageously integrate an electromechanical microswitch in a BEoL range by suitable choice of the microswitch materials by utilizing the layer sequence used for the connection of the electronic components.
- the invention has also recognized that with the process technologies available in recent years, it is indeed feasible to integrate or execute suitable electromechanical microswitches in microelectromechanical systems, such as, in principle, e.g. B. from WO 2009/003958 is known.
- Applicants' electromechanical system technologies have dealt with the elaboration of mechanically movable structures from the bulk material, in particular from silicon wafers.
- the use of a layer sequence for the design of the electromechanical micro-switch according to the invention leads to an advantageous embodiment of the individual functional elements of the electromechanical micro-switch, such as the contact rocker, the mating contact and the drive electrodes for the contact.
- the contact rocker is advantageously carried out elastically movable and conductive.
- the mating contact is advantageously carried out at a distance to the contact rocker, in particular in the form of a solid and rigid mating contact socket.
- the operation of the microswitch within the microelectromechanical system is preferably such that by means of one or more provided drive electrodes, based on the surface of the z. B. silicon substrates under or above the contact rocker can be attached, the contact rocker is movable. This is done by applying an electrical potential between the at least one drive electrode and the contact rocker, so that due to electrostatic forces an elastic movement of the contact rocker takes place and the capacitive coupling is changed over the distance between the mating contact and contact rocker. This leads to the switching of an electrical signal that can be performed on the mating contact and / or the contact rocker.
- the contact rocker may be grounded and the mating contact between different potentials to be performed - with decreasing distance between contact rocker and mating contact thus takes place a capacitive coupling of the signal line to ground.
- a development of the invention provides, in a particularly preferred manner, for the combination of two measures which, moreover, have proved to be particularly advantageous for the function of the electromechanical microswitch.
- the mating contact (socket) has a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure on a distal end facing the contact rocker (actuator).
- MIM metal-insulator-metal
- This development makes it possible to use such an MIM structure, inter alia, for the protection of the mating contact as well as for improving the contact performance, possibly with an extension of the frequency range.
- the switching behavior of the electromechanical microswitch can be advantageously designed.
- the contact swing moving drive electrode (as part of a line level of the conductor layer stack) on a side facing the contact rocker has a structure of nubs with dielectric material.
- nubs with dielectric material.
- the structure of nubs is advantageously suitable for avoiding unintentional contacting between the drive electrode and the contact rocker - that is, an undesired short circuit.
- the nubs are suitable for supporting the drive electrode in the region of the drive electrode or to represent a stop for the contact rocker.
- the process step for producing the nubs can take place, for example, in the context of a wet etching step and, if appropriate, a subsequent C0 2 drying process. Further process steps for displaying the nub structure are not required.
- the dielectric material is formed in the form of an oxide of the material of a line level of the multilevel interconnect layer stack, in particular by wet-chemical etching. Further advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims and specify in particular advantageous ways to realize the above-described concept in the context of the task and in terms of the above-mentioned and other advantages.
- the contact rocker as a cantilever, z. B. is formed in the form of a one-sided spring or bridge.
- a bridge or spring (cantilever) for example, be provided with comparatively well-formed elastic properties in order to make the elastic movement of the contact rocker for switching the signal advantageous.
- the contact rocker can be provided with recesses.
- the contact rocker may be provided for integrating the electromechanical microswitch with an electronic circuit on a chip by structuring a line plane of the multilevel interconnect layer stack with one or more end fixing fixings.
- a fixing suspension are designed, for example, as a boom of the contact rocker, It is advantageous to arrange the boom at an angle not equal to 0 ° or 180 ° to each other to lock degrees of freedom in the mobility of the contact rocker and only allow movement in the switching direction.
- two end-side arms of the contact rocker have proved to be advantageous for the formation of fixing suspensions, which are at an angle of approximately 90 ° to one another.
- the contact rocker has at least one distinguishable from the contact zone attractive area.
- the contact zone is assigned to the mating contact and serves for the capacitive coupling of contact rocker and mating contact.
- the at least one attractive region is assigned to the activating drive electrode and serves to activate, ie exert force on the contact rocker, in order to set the contact rocker in motion.
- the contact rocker is advantageously formed by structuring a line level of the multilevel conductor track stack, and is preferably made of metallic material such as aluminum.
- the representation of the contact rocker from a metal line level of the multi-level printed conductor stack can be advantageously integrated in the context of the BEoL process.
- one or more of the contact rocker activating and / or counteracting drive electrodes may be provided, which are advantageously formed from the structuring of a line level of the multi-level conductor track stack.
- a drive electrode activating the contact rocker can be arranged below the contact rocker with respect to the surface of the silicon substrate. This development means that the closing of the switch, the contact rocker is brought into a "down state” and is brought to open the switch in an "open state".
- a further drive electrode activating and / or counteracting the contact rocker may be arranged at a distance relative to the surface of the silicon substrate over the contact rocker, additionally or alternatively.
- the upper drive electrode serves as a retraction electrode.
- the different levels of the multilevel interconnect layer stack z. B. made of aluminum at the same time as carrier layers for the contact rocker, the mating contact, the activating and / or counteracting drive electrodes of the electromechanical microswitch.
- the metallic line levels can be coated on at least one side, preferably on both sides. In a particularly preferred development, this applies to all the metallic line forming the electromechanical microswitch. levels, at least in the area of the contact, the mating contact, the activating drive electrode and the counteracting drive electrode.
- the coating is advantageously formed by one or more layers with TiN and / or Ti and / or AICu.
- a double layer of TiN-Ti has proven to be advantageous or a sandwich of TiN-AICu-TiN.
- the base of the mating contact is formed with insulating material.
- the insulating material for example a dielectric material, preferably Si 3 N 4, which is applied between the line levels can also advantageously be used to form the base of the mating contact.
- the base of the mating contact is formed from a sequence of a first metallic line level, an insulating material set thereon and a second metallic line level.
- the metallic layer of the mating contact has a particularly advantageous switching behavior with respect to the contact with the contact surface of the contact rocker.
- the attachment of an MIM structure (metal-insulator-metal structure) on a base to form a distal end of the mating contact is advantageously provided.
- the MIM structure consists of: a barrier layer of conductive material, in particular a metallic material, facing the base; one of the contact swing facing conductive cap at the distal end; an intermediate dielectric layer.
- the barrier layer is advantageously used as protection between a signal-conducting metal layer attached on the basis of the mating contact and the dielectric layer of the MIM structure.
- the cap of the MIM structure advantageously serves to protect the mating contact.
- the cap is designed with a higher layer thickness than that of the barrier layer. This ensures that a reliably defined and comparatively low capacity is realized in an "off state" of the contact the conductive cap, in particular metallic cap, also be formed in the form of a metal layer structure, which can be realized as needed.
- the barrier layer may advantageously be of the same type as the cap.
- the insulating dielectric layer layer of the MIM structure is advantageously a Si 3 N 4 .
- the contact rocker and / or the cap can be formed from a metallically conductive layer or layer combination containing titanium nitride and / or Ti-based material, in particular consisting of a titanium nitride material or pure titanium.
- a metallically conductive layer or layer combination containing titanium nitride and / or Ti-based material in particular consisting of a titanium nitride material or pure titanium.
- the contact rocker and / or the cap can be formed from one or more layers Ti, TiN and / or AICu. These combinations of materials have proven to be easy to process, highly resistant in an "off state” and advantageous in terms of switching performance
- a sandwich structure of TiN-AICu-TiN has proven particularly advantageous for the design of the contact rocker and the cap It is advantageous for the entire line levels of the printed circuit layer stack to be implemented in this sandwich structure, ie also in the areas where structured line levels are used for the electrical connection of electronic circuits In other words, a distance between the mating contact and contact is less than between a drive electrode and contact rocker A "pull-in effect", ie An overshoot of the contact rocker from the "up state” in the "down state” when closing the switch is thereby counteracted advantageous.
- the distance between the mating contact and the contact zone of the contact rocker and the capacity of the MIM structure on the mating contact can be dimensioned such that over the entire distance in the course of movement of the contact between an "open state” and "Ab- state” results in a largely proportional capacity curve as a function of the activation voltage between the drive electrode and contact rocker.
- the electric mechanical micro-switch can be used according to this development advantageously as variable capacity with defined control voltage waveform.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electromechanical microswitch according to a particularly preferred embodiment of a MEMS
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the electromechanical microswitch to illustrate the structure of the contact rocker, the mating contact and the activating drive electrode in the preferred embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematically illustrated plan view of the electromechanical microswitch of FIG. 1 as part of the MEMS to illustrate the function and the signal paths;
- 4A, 4B, 4C show an equivalent circuit diagram of the microswitch of FIG. 3 with signal paths shown;
- 5, 6 a side view of a first preferred embodiment of a MEMS with an electromechanical microswitch with assignment of the contact rocker, the mating contact and the drive electrode to the individual line levels of the multilevel interconnect stack of the MEMS or microelectromechanical system for radio frequency signals (RFMEMS) and a modified preferred embodiment, which is additionally provided with a retracting electrode;
- RFMEMS radio frequency signals
- FIG. 7 shows a second preferred embodiment of a MEMS with a particularly preferred layer sequence of the line levels of the multilevel interconnect layer stack of the MEMS;
- 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D show the electromechanical microswitch of FIG. 1 with a symbolically represented structure of dimples with dielectric material (A) and electron micrographs in different magnifications (B), (C), (D) of the dimpled structure;
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic illustration of the electromechanical microswitch similar to FIG. 2 with a symbolically illustrated movement direction of the contact rocker to the mating contact and symbolically represented capacitive coupling as well as distance ranges for realizing a defined switchable region of a capacitive coupling;
- 10 is an exemplary radio frequency characterization of an electromechanical microswitch of the preferred embodiment at 24 GHz in terms of switching performance;
- FIG. 1 shows the measuring arrangement for characterizing the MEMS of FIG. 10 with electromechanical microswitch.
- the microswitch shown in greater detail in FIGS. 1 to 4C may, according to the concept of the invention, as shown in a first embodiment in FIG. 5 and a modification thereof in FIG. 6 or in a second embodiment of the MEMS, as shown in FIG 7, by structuring the line levels of a multilevel interconnect layer stack.
- FIGS. 1 to 4C as well as the example of FIGS. 8A to 8D and 9 show detailed details of a preferred embodiment of a MEMS.
- the electromechanical microswitch 1 shown in FIG. 1 is composed of a self-supporting, elastically movable, conductive contact rocker 10, a countercontact 20 and a drive electrode 30 activating the contact rocker 10.
- the contact rocker 10 is presently formed in the form of a bridge 14 a contact zone 13 and a first attractive area 1 1 and a second attractive area 12 has.
- the attractive areas 1 1, 12 are respectively associated with first and second parts 31, 32 of the activating drive electrode, i. arranged opposite.
- the distal end 23 of the mating contact 20 is arranged opposite the contact zone 13 of the bridge 14.
- the contact rocker 10 has at the end of the bridge 14 in each case two arms 15A, 15B and 16A, 16B, which fix the bridge 14 at the end region of the attractive regions 1 1, 12.
- the arms 15B, 16B and 15A, 16A run obliquely from a common fixed point in different directions and are held with their attachment portions 15, 16 in the semiconductor material of a symbolically shown in Fig. 1 1
- FIG. 2 shows the electromechanical micro-switch along the section line II-II in Fig. 1, wherein the structure of the interconnects for forming the contact rocker, 10 of the mating contact 20 and the drive electrode 30 is more apparent and described below.
- FIGS. 3 and 4A, 4B, 4C explain the function of the microswitch.
- the electromechanical microswitch 1 of the present embodiment is characterized in that the attractive regions 1 1, 12 of the contact rocker 10 are separated from the contact zone 13 of the contact rocker 10 by slots 18, respectively The contact zone 13 is arranged separately between the attractive region 1 1, 12.
- FIG. 4A As an equivalent circuit diagram is shown schematically in Fig. 4A with (I) an "up-state" of the electromechanical microswitch 1, in which a radio frequency signal passes through the mating contact 20 from P1 to P2, without the capacitance between the mating contact 20 and the contact zone 13 is able to significantly influence the signal S.
- (II) the signal closure of an RF signal for the "down state” of the contact 10 is shown symbolically in FIG. 4B - in the present case the RF signal is due to the existing capacitive, if necessary, contacting coupling of mating contact 20 and the contact zone 13 its way to a ground terminal, which rests against the contact rocker 10.
- the contact rocker 10 In order to promote or enable an elastic movement of the contact rocker 10 in a preferred dynamic range, the contact rocker 10, as shown in FIG. 1, provided with a number of recesses 17 or slots 18 which the moment of resistance of the spring action of the contact rocker 10th reduce.
- the slots 18 also serve the above-explained separation between attractive areas 1 1, 12 and the contact zone 13 of the bridge 14.
- the Capacitance between mating contact 20 and the contact rocker 10 approximately between 50 to 500 fF.
- the capacitance between mating contact 20 with an MIM structure at the distal end 23 and the contact zone 13 is about 1 to 10 pF ,
- the schematically apparent from Fig. 2 preferred construction of the contact arm 10, the mating contact 20 and the drive electrode 30 of the electromechanical microswitch 1 results according to the specification of a MEMS structure according to the concept of the invention the structuring of line levels of a multilevel interconnect layer stack, which is applied to the surface of a silicon substrate.
- the contact rocker 10 is in the present case as a structuring of the line level M3 (3rd level of the multilevel interconnect layer stack) executed, wherein the line level M3 in turn of a sandwich structure consists of a central metal layer and this covering cover layers 19, which are present on both sides of the metal layer, such as aluminum, attached.
- the cover layers 19 are formed in the present embodiment of a titanium nitride based material, in this case ⁇ .
- the bridge 14 is thus present in accordance with Figure 2 as a three-layer membrane formed by the sandwich arrangement in a particularly advantageous manner largely stress-free or very good is voltage compensated.
- the bridge 14 or the contact rocker 10 may also be formed as a membrane with more than three, for example as shown in Fig. 7 of five layers.
- the drive electrode 30 is formed in each of its parts 31, 32 by structuring the line level M1, which is also formed in the embodiment of aluminum and a cover layer 39 also made of TiN.
- the mating contact 20 in the present case has a base 21 made of a layer of a non-conductive or insulating material Si 3 N 4 . Further layers are applied to the base 21 by forming the line level M2 in accordance with the contour of the mating contact, since the line level M2 again consists of a sandwich structure of an aluminum carrier layer with intermediate layers 22, for example of TiN, applied on both sides.
- On the surface of the distal end 23 of the mating contact 20 is a sequence of first of a base facing barrier layer 24 of conductive material - in the present case metallic TiN - thereon a dielectric layer 25 and finally arranged a contact rocker 10 conductive cap 26.
- the MIM sequence of conductive layer 24, dielectric layer 25 and conductive cap 26 is presently formed as a special protection of the mating contact 20, to improve the contact properties to the contact 10 and to form a defined switching capacity.
- the protective conductive cap 26 is formed of a thin metal layer of TiN attached directly to the dielectric layer 25 by a corresponding patterning process.
- the cap 26 may also consist of a layer sequence of be formed of different metallic materials. At least the surface which is formed by the cap 26 projects laterally beyond the surface of the contact rocker 10, as can be seen for example in Fig. 3. This ensures a particularly reliable contact.
- the dielectric layer 25 for forming the MIM structure may be basically formed of any suitable dielectric material.
- the dielectric layer itself is comparatively thin in order to obtain a precisely defined capacitance Cs influencing the signal path in the "down state.”
- the concept presented here thus provides that in an "off state” the RF signal is only is influenced by the capacity defined by the MIM structure and indeed largely independent of the contact resistance between the contact zone 13 and the cap 26th
- the electromechanical microswitch 1 as part of a MEMS 100 in the present case is completely formed according to the inventive concept in a BEoL process (back-end of line process) of a standard CMOS-BiCMOS process.
- BEoL process back-end of line process
- CMOS-BiCMOS process standard CMOS-BiCMOS process
- the MEMS100 has a multilevel interconnect layer stack 102 arranged on a substrate 101, whose line levels M1 to M5 are partially structured in the area region 103 in order to form interconnects 1 1 1 to 1 15 for connecting the electronic components.
- the line levels M1 to M5 are insulated from one another by electrically insulating layers 103 and connected to one another via via contacts 104.
- the electromechanical microswitch 1 is presently integrated in a recess 105 of the multilevel interconnect layer stack 102.
- the mating contact 20 and the contact rocker activating drive electrode 30 are each a structured part of a line level of the multilevel interconnect layer stack 102.
- the on the substrate 101 - eg Si - Arranged portion of the transistor circuits 106 and / or 108 is made in a FEoL process section, the interconnection thereof with each other and with the electromechanical microswitch 1 in the multi-level interconnect layer stack 102 in a BEoL process section.
- the interconnects 1 1 1 to 1 15 are presently made of an aluminum material, the vias 104 of a tungsten material and the insulating or other protective layers may be formed of a Si 3 N 4 material.
- Fig. 6 shows a modified embodiment in a similar view as Fig. 5. Shown is a modified microelectromechanical system 100 in which identical reference numerals are used for identical or similar parts or parts of identical or similar function for the sake of simplicity.
- a further drive electrode 50 counteracting the contact 10 is provided as the return electrode.
- the retraction electrode is integrated in a line plane M4 of the multilevel interconnect layer stack 102 which can be seen from FIG.
- the pull-back electrode 10 can be accelerated from an "off-state” to an "up-state” by the pull-back electrode, which is the switching time of the electromechanical Microswitch 1 in the MEMS 100 significantly increased. This makes it possible to switch radio frequencies even in a high GHz range without problems.
- the assignment of the contact rocker 10, the activating drive electrode 30 and the mating contact 20 to the line levels M3, M1, M2 in the present embodiments is not restrictive in the present embodiments, but can be variably selected.
- the mating contact 20 can also be arranged in a M3 metal layer and the activating drive electrode 30 in a line plane M2.
- the contact rocker 10 could be arranged with respect to the surface of the silicon substrate 101 below an activating drive electrode or a mating contact. Such embodiments are not explicitly shown here.
- the assignment of the contact rocker 10, the counter electrode 20 and the drive electrode 30 of the electromechanical microswitch 1 to the line levels M1 to M5 of the multilevel interconnect layer stack 102 must not be sequential - rather, it is also possible that between the contacts arranged further metal layers have no direct function on the electromechanical microswitch.
- FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of a MEMS 200 having an electromechanical microswitch 1 integrated according to the concept of the invention.
- the MEMS in turn has a multilevel interconnect layer stack 202 arranged on a substrate 201, which is covered by a SiO 2 layer 206, for example covered for attaching applications.
- the region 206 and / or 208 for transistor circuits or the like is manufactured in a FeOL process section.
- BEoL process BEoL
- the line levels M1 to M5 of the interconnect layer stack 202 are alternately electrically insulating layers 203 are arranged.
- the insulating layers 203 are presently made of Si 3 N 4 , which can be easily processed in a BEoL process.
- the microswitch 1 is integrated in a recess 205 of the multilevel interconnect layer stack 202.
- the contact rocker 10, the mating contact 20 and the drive electrodes 30 for the contact rocker 10 are presently formed by structuring the line levels M1 to M5.
- the line levels M1 to M5 are formed in a particularly preferred manner as a metallic carrier layer, for example made of aluminum and double-sided bilayers.
- the bilayer comprises a layer of Ti and a layer of ⁇ .
- the metallic carrier layer for example made of aluminum, is initially coated directly with a first layer of TiN, which in turn is coated with a second layer of Ti.
- the cover layer embodied as a double layer is not mirrored, that is, first the metallic carrier layer z. As aluminum coated with Ti and then applied an external TiN layer.
- the mating contact 20 is initially constructed as a base with a base which has a layer sequence corresponding first to the line level M1, then an insulating dielectric layer 21 and then the correspondingly structured line level M2.
- the topmost TiN layer of the line level M2 based on the Si substrate, at the same time forms the lower end layer of the MIM structure, which is arranged on the mating contact 20.
- the MIM structure further comprises a dielectric layer 25 made of, for example, TiN-Si 3 N 4 and another TiN layer as a metallic cap 26.
- the layer sequence 24, 25, 26 of the MIM layer consists of a layer sequence of TiN-Si 3 N 4 and TiN. This also has the consequence that when forming the capacitive coupling between the contact rocker 10 and the mating contact 20, the substrate facing the lower Ti layer of the line level M3 and facing away from the substrate TiN layer of the MIM structure face each other. It has been shown that a potential formation between Ti layer on the one hand and TiN layer on the other hand, in an electromechanical micro-switch of the embodiment according to FIG. 7 is particularly advantageous.
- FIGS. 8A shows an electromechanical microswitch 1, in which a structure 33 made of nubs 34 is present on a side of the activating drive electrode 30 facing the contact rocker 10, which structure can be seen in greater detail in the enlarged views of FIGS. 8B, C, D.
- These nubs which are also referred to as dielectric islands or support posts, can be produced integrated in a conventional BEoL process without an additional process step, in particular without an extra mask.
- a preferred method in the present case provides that the nub structure 34 remains as the remainder of a wet-chemical etching step and a subsequent C0 2 drying process.
- the knobs prevent the contacting contact between the contact zone 13 of the contact rocker 10 on the one hand and the activating drive electrode 30 on the other hand. As a result, a short circuit between the contact rocker 10 and the drive electrode 30 is advantageously avoided.
- FIG. 9 illustrates the switching function of the electromechanical microswitch 1 on the basis of the schematic illustration already shown in FIG. 2.
- the contact rocker 10 in the direction of the mating contact 20, due to the force released by the drive electrode 30 in the force-attractive areas 41, 42, the capacitive coupling 4 between the contact zone 13 and the distal end 23 of the mating contact 20 changed.
- the contact rocker 10 and the drive electrodes 30 are electrically connected via the correspondingly structured line level M3 and vias to the electronic circuit parts of the MEMS.
- the capacitive coupling between the ground potential contact arm 10 and the mating contact 20 connected to the RF signal path becomes substantially only by the distance between the contact zone 13 and the cap 26 and the dielectric layer 25 formed as an MIM structure of the mating contact 20 defined.
- the contact zone 13 contacts the cap 26 of the MIM structure on the mating contact 20 in an "off state" of the electromechanical microswitch 1
- an effective contact between the contact zone 13 with the covering layer 19 of Ti and the cap 26 of TiN on the mating contact This allows a circuit of an RF signal schematically shown in Fig. 4A, Fig.
- the distance between the cap 26 on the mating contact 20 and the contact zone 13 of the contact rocker 10 is smaller than the distance between the activating drive electrode 30 and the contact rocker 10, thereby requiring a relatively large pull-down voltage between the activating drive electrode 30 and the contact rocker 10.
- the TiN cap 26 will automatically become a stop layer for the contact zone 13 of the contact rocker 10 is used, since an apparent from Fig. 1 1 height difference between the mating contact 20 and the drive electrode 30 is made.
- FIG. 10 shows an exemplary measurement of the switching behavior of the electromechanical microswitch at 24 GHz over the distance A according to FIG. 9.
- the measuring arrangement for the electromechanical microswitch is shown in FIG. 11.
- This results in an attenuation of the RF signal by -25 dB and a mechanically stable behavior with an activation voltage of up to 30 V without unintentional blocking or adhesion of the contact 10 on the mating contact 20 or the drive electrode 30 is detected.
- the so-called pull-in voltage - d. H. the voltage at which the switch has moved from an "up state" to an "off state” - in the present case is about 17 to 18 V.
- the maximum DC voltage difference between the mating contact 20 and the contact rocker 10 is correspondingly lower than the activation voltage (pull-down voltage) between the activating drive electrode 20 and the contact rocker 10.
- a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) 100, 200 having an electromechanical microswitch 1 for switching an electrical signal S, in particular a radio frequency signal (RFMEMS), in particular in the GHz range, comprising: one on a substrate 101, Arranged 201 multi-level interconnect layer stack 102, 202, the interconnects 1 1 1-1 15, 21 1-215 in different levels M1-M5 with electrically insulating layers 103, 203 against each other and isolated via via contacts 104, 204 are electrically connected to each other,
- MEMS microelectromechanical system
- RFMEMS radio frequency signals
- This is formed in a particularly advantageous manner with a sequence of metal-insulator-metal structure at the distal end 23 of the mating contact 20 and the drive electrode 30 has a on a contact 10 side facing a structure of nubs with dielectric material.
Landscapes
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009047599A DE102009047599A1 (de) | 2009-12-07 | 2009-12-07 | Elektromechanischer Mikroschalter zur Schaltung eines elektrischen Signals, mikroelektromechanisches System, integrierte Schaltung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer integrierten Schaltung |
| PCT/EP2010/069019 WO2011069988A2 (de) | 2009-12-07 | 2010-12-07 | Elektromechanischer mikroschalter zur schaltung eines elektrischen signals, mikroelektromechanisches system, integrierte schaltung und verfahren zur herstellung einer integrierten schaltung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2510532A2 true EP2510532A2 (de) | 2012-10-17 |
| EP2510532B1 EP2510532B1 (de) | 2018-11-07 |
Family
ID=43608232
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10787759.9A Not-in-force EP2510532B1 (de) | 2009-12-07 | 2010-12-07 | Elektromechanischer mikroschalter zur schaltung eines elektrischen signals, mikroelektromechanisches system, integrierte schaltung und verfahren zur herstellung einer integrierten schaltung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9048052B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2510532B1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20120101089A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102009047599A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2011069988A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2986912B1 (fr) * | 2012-02-09 | 2014-03-28 | Thales Sa | Microcommutateur hyperfrequences et son procede de fabrication |
| FR2987171B1 (fr) * | 2012-02-22 | 2014-03-07 | St Microelectronics Rousset | Dispositif mecanique anti-retour integre a une ou plusieurs positions, electriquement activable |
| FR3006808B1 (fr) * | 2013-06-06 | 2015-05-29 | St Microelectronics Rousset | Dispositif de commutation integre electriquement activable |
| FR3030115B1 (fr) | 2014-12-10 | 2017-12-15 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Condensateur a capacite variable comprenant une couche de materiau a changement d'etat et un procede de variation d'une capacite d'un condensateur |
| US10155660B2 (en) | 2015-01-28 | 2018-12-18 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Device and method for protecting FEOL element and BEOL element |
| FR3034567B1 (fr) | 2015-03-31 | 2017-04-28 | St Microelectronics Rousset | Dispositif metallique a piece(s) mobile(s) ameliore loge dans une cavite de la partie d'interconnexion (" beol ") d'un circuit integre |
| US9466452B1 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-11 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Integrated cantilever switch |
| ES2732024T3 (es) | 2015-04-21 | 2019-11-20 | Univ Catalunya Politecnica | Circuito integrado que comprende estructuras micromecánicas multicapa con masa mejorada y fiabilidad y método de fabricación del mismo |
| DE102015220806B4 (de) | 2015-10-23 | 2020-08-27 | Ihp Gmbh - Innovations For High Performance Microelectronics/Leibniz-Institut Für Innovative Mikroelektronik | Schaltelement zum Schalten von differentiellen Signalen und Schaltungsanordnung |
| KR20230146147A (ko) | 2022-04-11 | 2023-10-19 | 주식회사 아단소니아 | 장기 세포 추적용 형광 물질 |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4437259C1 (de) | 1994-10-18 | 1995-10-19 | Siemens Ag | Mikromechanisches Relais |
| US6396368B1 (en) | 1999-11-10 | 2002-05-28 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | CMOS-compatible MEM switches and method of making |
| US20020124385A1 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-09-12 | Asia Pacific Microsystem, Inc. | Micro-electro-mechanical high frequency switch and method for manufacturing the same |
| US6529093B2 (en) | 2001-07-06 | 2003-03-04 | Intel Corporation | Microelectromechanical (MEMS) switch using stepped actuation electrodes |
| US6639488B2 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2003-10-28 | Ibm Corporation | MEMS RF switch with low actuation voltage |
| EP1321957A1 (de) | 2001-12-19 | 2003-06-25 | Abb Research Ltd. | Mikrorelaiseinrichtung mit geschlitzter Membrane |
| US6943448B2 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2005-09-13 | Akustica, Inc. | Multi-metal layer MEMS structure and process for making the same |
| US7054132B2 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2006-05-30 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Variable capacitance element |
| JP2005209625A (ja) | 2003-12-22 | 2005-08-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Memsスイッチ |
| US7265647B2 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2007-09-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | High isolation tunable MEMS capacitive switch |
| KR100761476B1 (ko) * | 2004-07-13 | 2007-09-27 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 반도체를 이용한 멤스 rf-스위치 |
| DE102005016243B3 (de) * | 2005-04-08 | 2006-09-28 | Austriamicrosystems Ag | Mikromechanisches Bauelement, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verwendung |
| JP4405427B2 (ja) | 2005-05-10 | 2010-01-27 | 株式会社東芝 | スイッチング素子 |
| JP4489651B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-22 | 2010-06-23 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
| DE102006061386B3 (de) | 2006-12-23 | 2008-06-19 | Atmel Germany Gmbh | Integrierte Anordnung, ihre Verwendung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| DE102007031128A1 (de) | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-02 | IHP GmbH - Innovations for High Performance Microelectronics/Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik | MEMS-Mikroviskosimeter und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| US8704314B2 (en) | 2007-12-06 | 2014-04-22 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Mechanical memory transistor |
| US20090285419A1 (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-19 | United Microelectronics Corp. | Microelectromechanical system microphone |
| US7858423B2 (en) * | 2008-06-02 | 2010-12-28 | Fouladi Azarnaminy Siamak | MEMS based RF components with vertical motion and parallel-plate structure and manufacture thereof using standard CMOS technologies |
-
2009
- 2009-12-07 DE DE102009047599A patent/DE102009047599A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-12-07 US US13/514,106 patent/US9048052B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-07 EP EP10787759.9A patent/EP2510532B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-12-07 KR KR1020127016628A patent/KR20120101089A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-12-07 WO PCT/EP2010/069019 patent/WO2011069988A2/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2011069988A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20120280393A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
| WO2011069988A3 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
| EP2510532B1 (de) | 2018-11-07 |
| KR20120101089A (ko) | 2012-09-12 |
| US9048052B2 (en) | 2015-06-02 |
| WO2011069988A2 (de) | 2011-06-16 |
| DE102009047599A1 (de) | 2011-06-09 |
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