EP2507109B1 - Method for transferring freight from a car of a first train to a car of a second train during travel - Google Patents

Method for transferring freight from a car of a first train to a car of a second train during travel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2507109B1
EP2507109B1 EP10773892.4A EP10773892A EP2507109B1 EP 2507109 B1 EP2507109 B1 EP 2507109B1 EP 10773892 A EP10773892 A EP 10773892A EP 2507109 B1 EP2507109 B1 EP 2507109B1
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train
control unit
decoupling
trains
transfer
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2507109A1 (en
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Arno Friedrichs
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K1/00—Transferring passengers, articles, or freight to and from moving trains; Slipping or coupling vehicles from or to moving trains

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reloading cargo from a wagon of a first train to a wagon of a second train while driving.
  • the coupling takes place using folding bridges. Freight transporters mounted on wheels are provided for reloading the cargo, which can be transported automatically, preferably pneumatically, via said bridges.
  • Freight transporters mounted on wheels are provided for reloading the cargo, which can be transported automatically, preferably pneumatically, via said bridges.
  • Also described system can also change people from a train of the express train in a feeder or pickup train. After this transfer of cargo or passenger transfer, the express train continues at constant speed to the next station, while the feeder train decelerates to a stop to allow passengers to get in or out and / or unload or load cargo to be able to.
  • a method and an apparatus for operating a forcibly guided transport system are known, which is formed of two different, guided on separate routes transport facilities, with a first transport device with a larger capacity is a running between remote stations high-speed train, while a second transport device with a smaller Capacity is a shuttle operating closer stations, and both transport devices are preferably coupled to each other while driving such that a mutual exchange in particular of persons between the transport means is possible, wherein the mutually independently positively guided transport facilities be performed in parallel over such a distance that the transport devices to be coupled in adjacent or superimposed arrangement remain coupled over such a period of time that a container arranged in the first and / or second transport means, preferably suitable for passenger transport by a thrust piston gear or the like in the other Transport device can be moved so that a transfer of persons from the container into the other transport device and / or vice versa is possible, wherein after locking of the container or a decoupling of the two transport devices takes place.
  • a continuous mass transit system known. This consists of circulating double tracks formed by a transport lane and a passenger lane passing stations, all vehicles circulating on the double lanes and subdivided into transport trains and passenger trains, with each train moving on its respective lane of each double lane, the Trains follow each other at a distance, each transport train and each passenger change is provided with running means, guide devices, built-in drive means, adjustable clutches, means for connecting a passenger change train with a transport train and control devices, the substructure has means for impulse delivery and programming to the circulation of the trains to control and allow the coincidence of the transport trains and the passenger trains, a passenger exchange is assigned to a transport train between two stations and the transport train continues its movement and a station Deutschenläu ft, while the passenger changing away from the transport train at the entrance of each station to hold at the station, and again connects to a subsequent transport train at the exit of the station, and that the passengers are transported by the transport train, while the passenger change the Transfer of passengers between different
  • the object of the invention is to improve a method for reloading cargo from a wagon of a first train to a wagon of a second train.
  • the advantages of the invention consist essentially in the fact that, if the reloading of cargo is not done in the desired manner and / or the coupled together, running on mutually parallel rail pairs railway wagons after reloading not in the desired manner have been decoupled from each other, by means of a control unit an emergency mode is initiated in the ways in which a on the first or second rail pair moving following train is redirected to a third pair of rails.
  • This diversion of a following train prevents the following train from hitting one of the trains to which the wagons are linked. Also avoided by this diversion that the entire driving is disturbed.
  • trains that do not have to unload or load cargo at the present transfer station pass without interrupting their driving on the stationary, coupled trains together.
  • the trains traveling side by side, coupled with each other are brought to a standstill before the pairs of rails on which the trains travel again move away from each other.
  • the route in the region of a transfer station within which the trains run parallel to each other, divided into several sections.
  • a first stretch of the feeder or pickup train speeds up to the speed of the express train.
  • the feeder train and the express train run next to each other with the same speed, are coupled with each other, and the cargo is transhipped.
  • a decoupling of the interconnected trains and the transmission of an acknowledgment signal to the control unit takes place.
  • the control unit checks whether the confirmation signal has arrived. If this is the case, the feeder train or trailer train is decelerated to a standstill, so that it can be reloaded or reloaded in the desired manner, while the express train continues on its rail pair at the same speed. Is this
  • the interconnected trains are each equipped with a GPS system. This allows at any time a detection of the current position and the current speed of each train. In the case of a properly completed transshipment process and a properly completed decoupling of the two trains of the feeder and / or pickup train is braked in the further course of the third section to a stop.
  • By checking the speed of the feeder and / or pickup train at a second predetermined waypoint can be checked in terms of additional security, whether the feeder and / or pickup train is decoupled from the express train and has reduced its speed in the desired manner. If this is not the case, then there is an emergency and it is an immediate deceleration of the feeder and / or pickup train or both trains in the way.
  • the FIG. 1 showed a sketch of an embodiment of a route network.
  • this route network N1 which is formed in the form of a closed loop and to which transhipment stations S1, ..., S7, an express train v drives at a constant speed v on a first pair of rails SP1 in the direction of travel R1. In normal, undisturbed operation, it maintains this speed v also in the area of the transfer stations S1, ..., S7.
  • the express train which is a freight train, has a locomotive and a plurality of wagons. On each or many of these wagons is a container in which cargo is stored. Each of these containers was loaded at one of the transfer stations on the respective associated wagon and should be unloaded at a designated other transfer station back from the wagon. After unloading, the respective wagon is available for reloading with another container.
  • the loading and unloading of the containers in the area of a transfer station will be described below on the basis of FIG. 2 explained in more detail.
  • a transfer station for example the transfer station S1.
  • the express train in the FIG. 2 Coming from the left in the direction of travel R1 in the transfer station S1 and there passes to a switch W1.
  • this switch W1 is set such that the express train remains on the rail pair SP1 and finally via a switch W2 the transfer station S1 in the FIG. 2 leaves to the right. It runs in the entire area of this transfer station S1 at the predetermined constant speed v.
  • a local route network N2 is provided in the region of the transfer station S1, which is designed in the form of a closed loop.
  • a feeder and / or pickup train travels on a second pair of rails SP2 in the direction of travel R2.
  • the feeder and / or pickup train also has a locomotive and a plurality of wagons.
  • the number of wagons of the feeder and / or pick-up train coincides with the number of wagons of the express train.
  • a loading and unloading station BES is provided, on which the feeder and / or pickup train can be loaded and unloaded in the stationary state by means of a crane.
  • the route network N2 has a region in which the pair of rails SP2 is immediately adjacent to the pair of rails SP1 and runs parallel thereto. In this area, sections A1, A2 and A3 are provided.
  • the feeder or pickup train is accelerated in such a way that at the end of the section A1 it has the same speed v with which the express train on the pair of rails SP1 travels next to it.
  • the length of the section A2 is dimensioned such that the coupling of the wagons, the transhipment of the Containers and the subsequent decoupling of the wagons in consideration of the speed v of the trains at the end of the section A2 must be completed.
  • the control unit initiates an emergency mode.
  • the control unit transmits to each other coupled wagons or their locomotives a command signal, on the basis of which the side by side moving, mutually coupled trains are braked to a standstill.
  • This braking takes place in such a way that the mutually coupled trains come to a standstill at the latest at the end of the extension section A3, ie. H. before the pair of rails SP2 again away from the pair of rails SP1.
  • the control unit transmits to the switches W1 and W2 a control signal.
  • the switch W1 is changed over by this control signal in such a way that a subsequent express train entering on the rail pair SP1 into the area of the transfer station S1 is diverted via the switch W1 onto a rail pair SP3.
  • the diverter W2 is changed over by the control signal supplied to it in such a way that a train diverted onto the pair of rails SP3 is guided again via the diverter W2 onto the pair of rails SP1, where it can continue its journey to the next transhipment station.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is to monitor the speed of at least the feeder and / or pickup train by means of a GPS system. In the case of an unsuccessful decoupling of both trains, this increases the safety of the initiation of emergency measures. If decoupling has been carried out properly, the feeder train and / or doffer train is already decelerated in the area of the route section A3, so that it falls below a predetermined maximum speed, which is, for example, v / 2. If it is determined by the GPS system that the speed of the feeder and / or pickup train, for example, at the route point P2, which is behind the route point P1 seen in the direction of travel, is greater than the predetermined maximum speed, then in the emergency mode brakes the express train and the feeder and / or pickup train. This prevents that in the case of a faulty transmission of a confirmation signal for a successful transhipment and / or a successful decoupling an accident with high damage may occur.
  • FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of a control device according to the invention.
  • the illustrated control device has a control unit SE, which comprises a radio receiver FE, a computing unit RE and a radio transmitter FS.
  • the radio signals received by means of the radio receiver FE are supplied to the arithmetic unit RE and evaluated in this.
  • the arithmetic unit RE provides at its output control signals, which are supplied to the radio transmitter FS. This converts the control signals into radio signals that are broadcast.
  • the control unit SE is arranged, for example, in the loading and unloading station BES of the transfer station S1.
  • the control device shown further comprises a coupling detector VKD, a transhipment detector ULD, a first GPS system GPS1, a second GPS system GPS2 and a decoupling detector EKD.
  • the coupling detector VKD is for example part of the moving on the rail pair SP1 express train. It is intended to provide a coupling acknowledgment signal B1, if the coupling of the wagons has been carried out successfully, and to transmit this coupling confirmation signal B1 via radio to the radio receiver FE of the control unit SE.
  • the transhipment detector ULD is for example part of the moving on the pair of rails SP2 feeder and / or pickup. It is intended to provide a transhipment confirming signal B2 when the transhipment process has been carried out successfully, and to transmit this transhipment confirming signal B2 by radio to the radio receiver FE of the control unit SE.
  • the first GPS system GPS1 is part of the feeder train and / or pickup train running on the rail pair SP2. It is intended to provide information about the current position and the instantaneous speed of the feeder and / or pickup train and to transmit this information in the form of radio signals B3 to the radio receiver FE of the control unit SE.
  • the second GPS system GPS2 is part of the express train on rail pair SP1. It is intended to provide information about the current position and the instantaneous speed of the express train and to transmit this information in the form of a radio signal B4 to the radio receiver FE of the control unit SE.
  • the decoupling detector EKD is for example part of the moving on the rail pair SP2 feeder and / or pickup train. It is intended to provide a decoupling confirmation signal B5 when the decoupling operation has been carried out successfully, and to transmit this decoupling confirmation signal B5 via radio to the radio receiver FE of the control unit SE.
  • the control unit SE monitors the evaluation of the radio signals supplied to them a proper operation of the transfer station S1.
  • the aim of this monitoring is to control the speed of the feeder and / or pickup train such that at the end of the section A1 the express train traveling on the pair of rails SP1 and the feeder and / or pickup train traveling on the pair of rails SP2 are side by side at the same speed v drive and the coupling of the side by side moving trains or the juxtaposed wagons of the two trains is completed successfully.
  • Control signals which control the speed of the feeder and / or pickup train in a necessary manner are provided by the arithmetic unit RE and transmitted by the radio transmitter FS in the form of control signals s1 to the locomotive of the feeder and / or pickup train ZAZ.
  • the confirmation signal B1 about the coupling carried out is provided to the control unit SE in the form of a radio signal from the coupling detector VKD.
  • control unit SE monitors the transhipment of the freight between the adjacent wagons taking place in the section A2 taking into account the information provided by the GPS systems GPS1 and GPS2 about the instantaneous speeds and the instantaneous positions of the express train and the feeder and / or pickup train , This includes a release of the transhipment of freight, this transhipment in the individual wagons after receiving a respective release signal automatically made, for example by means of hydraulic displacement devices becomes.
  • the transhipment detector ULD transmits a confirmation signal B2 to the control unit SE via radio.
  • the length of the route section A2 is selected such that the transshipment processes are completed when the route is proper at the end of the route section A2.
  • An orderly course of the transshipment processes is recognized by the control unit SE when the acknowledgment signal B2 has arrived at the control unit SE at the latest when the express train and the feeder and / or pickup train coupled thereto cross the route point P1 at the end of the route section A2 is provided.
  • control unit SE monitors the decoupling of the two trains taking place in the section A3 taking into account the information provided by the GPS systems GPS1 and GPS2 about the instantaneous speeds and the instantaneous positions of the express train and the feeder and / or pickup train.
  • the control unit SE the output of a decoupling enable signal.
  • This decoupling enable signal is provided by the control unit SE when the trains traveling next to each other have reached the route point P1 and the control unit has received the transfer charge confirmation signal B2 in good time.
  • the decoupling enable signal is provided by the arithmetic unit RE and supplied by the radio transmitter FE in the form of a radio signal either the interlinked wagons directly or via their respective locomotive.
  • the decoupling detector EKD which is provided on one of the two trains, detected and transmitted in the form of a radio signal B5 to the control unit SE. This then initiates a deceleration of the moving on the pair of rails SP2 feeder and / or pickup train in the way, so that its speed decreases rapidly after the decoupling of the two trains.
  • the control unit SE checks by evaluating the information provided by the GPS system GPS2 about the instantaneous speed and the instantaneous position of the feeder and / or pickup train, whether the speed of the feeder and / or pickup train has decreased in a desired manner after decoupling of the two trains. If this is the case, then recognizes the control unit SE that a proper operation is present and controls the further deceleration of the feeder and / or pickup train such that it comes to a stop in the loading and unloading station BES in the desired manner to unload there and to be reloaded. Furthermore, in the case of recognizing a proper operation, the control unit also releases the further travel of the express train at the predetermined constant speed v.
  • the control unit SE determines that the transshipment has been completed successfully but not the decoupling process
  • the control unit SE sends radio signals s1 and s2 to the locomotives of the two trains which decelerate the two trains equally in response to these radio signals. so that they still come to a stop within the section A3. This prevents the two trains are still coupled together when the two pairs of rails again move away from each other.
  • the control unit preferably transmits the further radio signals s3 and s4.
  • an actuator is controlled, which is associated with the switch W1 and after the reception of the radio signal s3, the switch W1 is switched in such a way that a follower train reaching the transfer station S1 on the first pair of rails SP1 is diverted to a third pair of rails SP3, which in the region of the transfer station S1 runs for the most part parallel to the first pair of rails SP1.
  • an actuator is controlled, which is associated with the switch W2 and the switch W2 after receipt of the radio signal s4 such a way that a redirected to the third pair of rails SP3 follower train is returned to the first pair of rails SP1.
  • control unit SE determines that the transhipment confirmation signal has not been received in time, it omits to output a decoupling enable signal and, as in the above-described embodiment, transmits radio signals s1 and s2 as a result of which the two interlinked trains in the route area A3 will be at a standstill be slowed down. Also in this embodiment, an advantageous development is to switch the switches W1 and W2 such that a following train is redirected via the third rail pair SP3.
  • a control unit In a method according to the invention, after all, the operation within a transfer station is monitored by a control unit.
  • the control unit In detecting malfunctions of proper operation, especially in case of disturbances that occur during the transhipment of cargo, and in case of malfunctions during decoupling the trains coupled together, the control unit automatically initiates a runflat mode to avoid consequential damage. In particular, in this emergency mode, stopping the mutually coupled trains before their pairs of rails again move away from each other, and a changeover of points such that an incoming train in the transfer station following train in the Umladestation on a bypass rail pair is passed. In order to allow the control unit to monitor this, it receives confirmation signals which signal the successful completion of the transfer process and the successful completion of the decoupling process.
  • control unit detects a malfunction in the operation of the transfer station and initiates the emergency mode described above.
  • control unit for the purpose of monitoring also supplied further radio signals to which a coupling of the trains indicating confirmation signal and derived from GPS systems include information, the latter information information about the current positions of the trains involved in the reload and their current speeds give.
  • the communication between the control unit SE and the others in the FIG. 3 shown components also take place via the drive current network of the trains, not shown in the figures.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is to drive a feeder or pickup train to the left and right of the express train, respectively.
  • this further embodiment for example, there is the possibility to reload the entire freight of the express train to one of the two trains traveling next to it and then to load the express train with new cargo from the other of the two trains traveling next to it.
  • the amount of transhipment cargo is much greater than that of the figures described embodiment in which only a feeder or Abilleryak is provided.

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  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Umladen von Fracht von einem Waggon eines ersten Zuges auf einen Waggon eines zweiten Zuges während der Fahrt.The invention relates to a method for reloading cargo from a wagon of a first train to a wagon of a second train while driving.

Es ist bekannt, Fracht mittels eines Güterzuges, der eine Vielzahl von Eisenbahnwaggons aufweist, über große Strecken eines Eisenbahn-Streckennetzes zu transportieren. Dabei ist beispielsweise auf jedem der Eisenbahnwaggons ein Container befestigt, innerhalb dessen Fracht gelagert ist. Entlang des Eisenbahn-Streckennetzes ist eine Vielzahl von Umladestationen vorgesehen, an denen Fracht bzw. Container abgeladen und/oder neue Container aufgeladen werden müssen.It is known to transport cargo by means of a freight train having a plurality of railroad cars over long distances of a railroad network. In this case, for example, a container is mounted on each of the railway wagons within which cargo is stored. Along the railroad network, a large number of transhipment stations is provided, at which freight or containers have to be unloaded and / or new containers have to be loaded.

Um dieses Abladen bzw. Aufladen von Containern zu bewerkstelligen, erfolgt in der jeweiligen Umladestation ein Abbremsen des Güterzuges bis zum Stillstand, dann ein Abladen von Fracht und/oder ein Aufladen von Fracht unter Verwendung eines Krans. Ist dieses Umladen der Fracht, welches zeitaufwändig ist, beendet, dann kann der Güterzug seine Fahrt zu der nächsten Umladestation des Eisenbahn-Streckennetzes fortsetzen. Dort erfolgt wiederum ein Abbremsen des Güterzuges bis zum Stillstand, ein Abladen von Fracht und ein Aufladen von neuer Fracht, usw..In order to accomplish this unloading or loading of containers takes place in the respective transfer station a slowing down of the freight train to a stop, then a discharge of cargo and / or a loading of cargo using a crane. If this reloading of the cargo, which is time-consuming finished, then the freight train can continue its journey to the nearest transfer station of the railway network. Once again there is a slowdown of the freight train to a standstill, an unloading of cargo and a loading of new cargo, etc ..

Durch die Notwendigkeit den Güterzug bei jeder Umladestation bis zum Stillstand abzubremsen, bei stehendem Zug mittels eines Krans ein Umladen von Fracht zu bewerkstelligen und dann den Güterzug erneut auf seine Reisegeschwindigkeit zu beschleunigen, entsteht ein Zeitverlust, der unerwünscht ist. Um diesen Zeitverlust zu vermeiden, wurde bereits ein Umladen von Fracht während der Fahrt vorgeschlagen. Beispielsweise offenbart die US 39 58 512 A ein Umladesystem, bei welchem ein Expresszug während der Fahrt im Bereich einer Umladestation entladen und beladen werden kann. Zu diesem Zweck sind im Bereich der Umladestation parallel zum Schienenpaar, auf welchem der Expresszug fährt, weitere Schienenpaare vorgesehen, auf welchem Zubringer- bzw. Abnehmerzüge fahren. Diese werden während der Fahrt mit dem Expresszug verkoppelt, so dass ein Umladen von Fracht erfolgen kann. Die Verkoppelung erfolgt unter Verwendung von klappbaren Brücken. Zum Umladen der Fracht sind auf Rädern befestigte Frachttransporter vorgesehen, die automatisch, vorzugsweise pneumatisch, über die genannten Brücken transportiert werden können. Mittels des in der US 39 58 512 A beschriebenen Systems können auch Personen von einem Waggon des Expresszuges in einen Zubringer- bzw. Abnehmerzug umsteigen. Nach diesem Umladen von Fracht bzw. dem Umsteigen der Passagiere fährt der Expresszug mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit weiter bis zur nächsten Station, während der Zubringer- bzw. Abnehmerzug bis zum Stillstand abbremst, um Passagiere aus- oder zusteigen zu lassen und/oder Fracht entladen oder beladen zu können.The need to decelerate the freight train to a standstill at each transfer station, to reload cargo while the train is stopped by crane, and then to accelerate the freight train to its cruising speed again results in a waste of time which is undesirable. In order to avoid this loss of time, a transfer of cargo during the journey has already been proposed. For example, the US Pat. No. 3,958,512 a transshipment system in which an express train can be unloaded and loaded while traveling in the area of a transfer station. For this purpose, further pairs of rails are provided in the region of the transfer station parallel to the pair of rails on which the express train travels, on which feeder trains or doffer trains pass. These are coupled with the express train during the journey, so that cargo can be transhipped. The coupling takes place using folding bridges. Freight transporters mounted on wheels are provided for reloading the cargo, which can be transported automatically, preferably pneumatically, via said bridges. By means of in the US Pat. No. 3,958,512 Also described system can also change people from a train of the express train in a feeder or pickup train. After this transfer of cargo or passenger transfer, the express train continues at constant speed to the next station, while the feeder train decelerates to a stop to allow passengers to get in or out and / or unload or load cargo to be able to.

Aus der DE 25 10 248 A1 sind ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Betrieb eines zwangsgeführten Transportsystems bekannt, welches aus zwei unterschiedlichen, auf eigenen Trassen geführten Transporteinrichtungen gebildet ist, wobei eine erste Transporteinrichtung mit einem größeren Fassungsvermögen eine zwischen entfernt liegenden Stationen verkehrende Schnellbahn ist, während eine zweite Transporteinrichtung mit einem kleineren Fassungsvermögen ein zwischen näheren Stationen verkehrender Zubringer ist, und beide Transporteinrichtungen vorzugsweise während der Fahrt derart miteinander kuppelbar sind, dass ein wechselseitiger Austausch insbesondere von Personen zwischen den Transporteinrichtungen möglich ist, wobei die voneinander unabhängig zwangsgeführten Transporteinrichtungen über eine solche Strecke parallel geführt werden, dass die in benachbarter oder übereinanderliegender Anordnung zu kuppelnden Transporteinrichtungen über eine solche Zeitspanne gekuppelt bleiben, dass ein in der ersten und/oder zweiten Transporteinrichtung angeordneter, vorzugsweise für Personentransport geeigneter Container durch ein Schubkolbengetriebe oder dergleichen in die andere Transporteinrichtung derart verbringbar ist, dass ein Umsteigen der Personen vom Container in die andere Transporteinrichtung und/oder umgekehrt möglich ist, wobei nach Verriegelung des oder der Container eine Entkupplung der beiden Transporteinrichtungen erfolgt.From the DE 25 10 248 A1 For example, a method and an apparatus for operating a forcibly guided transport system are known, which is formed of two different, guided on separate routes transport facilities, with a first transport device with a larger capacity is a running between remote stations high-speed train, while a second transport device with a smaller Capacity is a shuttle operating closer stations, and both transport devices are preferably coupled to each other while driving such that a mutual exchange in particular of persons between the transport means is possible, wherein the mutually independently positively guided transport facilities be performed in parallel over such a distance that the transport devices to be coupled in adjacent or superimposed arrangement remain coupled over such a period of time that a container arranged in the first and / or second transport means, preferably suitable for passenger transport by a thrust piston gear or the like in the other Transport device can be moved so that a transfer of persons from the container into the other transport device and / or vice versa is possible, wherein after locking of the container or a decoupling of the two transport devices takes place.

Aus der DE 20 51 960 A1 ist ein durchgehendes Nahverkehrssystem bekannt. Dieses besteht aus umlaufenden Doppelspuren, die aus einer Transportspur und einer Fahrgastwechselspur gebildet sind, die an Stationen vorbeiführen, wobei alle Fahrzeuge auf den Doppelspuren umlaufen und in Transportzüge und Fahrgastwechselzüge unterteilt sind und wobei sich jeder Zug auf seiner jeweiligen Spur jeder Doppelspur bewegt, wobei die Züge unter Abstand einander folgen, jeder Transportzug und jeder Fahrgastwechselzug mit Lauforganen, Leiteinrichtungen, eingebauten Antriebsmitteln, verstellbaren Kupplungen, Einrichtungen zum Verbinden eines Fahrgastwechselzuges mit einem Transportzug sowie Steuereinrichtungen versehen ist, der Unterbau Einrichtungen zur Impulsabgabe und zur Programmierung aufweist, um den Umlauf der Züge zu steuern und das Zusammentreffen der Transportzüge und der Fahrgastwechselzüge zu ermöglichen, ein Fahrgastwechselzug einem Transportzug zwischen zwei Stationen zugeordnet wird und der Transportzug seine Bewegung fortsetzt und eine Station durchläuft, während der Fahrgastwechselzug sich von dem Transportzug am Eingang einer jeder Station löst, um an der Station zu halten, und sich wieder mit einem nachfolgenden Transportzug am Ausgang der Station verbindet, und dass die Fahrgäste von dem Transportzug befördert werden, während der Fahrgastwechselzug den Übergang der Fahrgäste zwischen verschiedenen Transportzügen und den entsprechenden Bahnsteigen erlaubt.From the DE 20 51 960 A1 is a continuous mass transit system known. This consists of circulating double tracks formed by a transport lane and a passenger lane passing stations, all vehicles circulating on the double lanes and subdivided into transport trains and passenger trains, with each train moving on its respective lane of each double lane, the Trains follow each other at a distance, each transport train and each passenger change is provided with running means, guide devices, built-in drive means, adjustable clutches, means for connecting a passenger change train with a transport train and control devices, the substructure has means for impulse delivery and programming to the circulation of the trains to control and allow the coincidence of the transport trains and the passenger trains, a passenger exchange is assigned to a transport train between two stations and the transport train continues its movement and a station durchläu ft, while the passenger changing away from the transport train at the entrance of each station to hold at the station, and again connects to a subsequent transport train at the exit of the station, and that the passengers are transported by the transport train, while the passenger change the Transfer of passengers between different transport trains and the corresponding platforms allowed.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, ein Verfahren zum Umladen von Fracht von einem Waggon eines ersten Zuges auf einen Waggon eines zweiten Zuges zu verbessern.The object of the invention is to improve a method for reloading cargo from a wagon of a first train to a wagon of a second train.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a method having the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Die Vorteile der Erfindung bestehen im Wesentlichen darin, dass dann, wenn das Umladen von Fracht nicht in gewünschter Weise erfolgt ist und/oder die miteinander verkoppelten, auf parallel zueinander verlaufenden Schienenpaaren fahrenden Eisenbahnwaggons nach dem Umladen nicht in gewünschter Weise voneinander entkoppelt wurden, mittels einer Steuereinheit eine Notfallbetriebsart in die Wege geleitet wird, in welcher ein auf dem ersten oder zweiten Schienenpaar fahrender Folgezug auf ein drittes Schienenpaar umgeleitet wird. Durch diese Umleitung eines Folgezuges wird verhindert, dass der Folgezug auf einen der Züge, zu denen die miteinander verkoppelten Waggons gehören, auffährt. Auch wird durch diese Umleitung vermieden, dass der gesamte Fahrbetrieb gestört wird. Insbesondere können Züge, die an der vorliegenden Umladestation keine Fracht ab- oder zuladen müssen, ohne eine Unterbrechung ihres Fahrbetriebes an den stehenden, miteinander verkoppelten Zügen vorbeifahren.The advantages of the invention consist essentially in the fact that, if the reloading of cargo is not done in the desired manner and / or the coupled together, running on mutually parallel rail pairs railway wagons after reloading not in the desired manner have been decoupled from each other, by means of a control unit an emergency mode is initiated in the ways in which a on the first or second rail pair moving following train is redirected to a third pair of rails. This diversion of a following train prevents the following train from hitting one of the trains to which the wagons are linked. Also avoided by this diversion that the entire driving is disturbed. In particular, trains that do not have to unload or load cargo at the present transfer station, pass without interrupting their driving on the stationary, coupled trains together.

Vorzugsweise werden in dieser Notfallbetriebsart die nebeneinander fahrenden, miteinander verkoppelten Züge zum Stehen gebracht, bevor sich die Schienenpaare, auf denen die Züge fahren, wieder voneinander entfernen.Preferably, in this emergency mode, the trains traveling side by side, coupled with each other, are brought to a standstill before the pairs of rails on which the trains travel again move away from each other.

Vorzugsweise ist die Fahrtstrecke im Bereich einer Umladestation, innerhalb derer die Züge parallel zueinander fahren, in mehrere Streckenabschnitte unterteilt. In einem ersten Streckenabschnitt beschleunigt der Zubringer- bzw. Abnehmerzug bis auf die Geschwindigkeit des Expresszuges. In einem zweiten Streckenabschnitt fahren der Zubringer- bzw. Abnehmerzug und der Expresszug mit übereinstimmender Geschwindigkeit nebeneinander, werden miteinander verkoppelt und es erfolgt eine Umladung der Fracht. Am Anfang eines dritten Streckenabschnittes erfolgt ein Entkoppeln der miteinander verkoppelten Züge und die Übermittlung eines Bestätigungssignals an die Steuereinheit. An einem ersten vorgegebenen Streckenpunkt erfolgt eine Überprüfung seitens der Steuereinheit, ob das Bestätigungssignal eingetroffen ist. Ist dies der Fall, dann erfolgt ein Abbremsen des Zubringer- bzw. Abnehmerzuges bis zum Stillstand, so dass dieser in gewünschter Weise ent- bzw. neu beladen werden kann, während der Expresszug mit unveränderter Geschwindigkeit auf seinem Schienenpaar weiterfährt. Ist dasPreferably, the route in the region of a transfer station, within which the trains run parallel to each other, divided into several sections. In a first stretch of the feeder or pickup train speeds up to the speed of the express train. In a second section of the route, the feeder train and the express train run next to each other with the same speed, are coupled with each other, and the cargo is transhipped. At the beginning of a third section, a decoupling of the interconnected trains and the transmission of an acknowledgment signal to the control unit takes place. At a first predetermined waypoint, the control unit checks whether the confirmation signal has arrived. If this is the case, the feeder train or trailer train is decelerated to a standstill, so that it can be reloaded or reloaded in the desired manner, while the express train continues on its rail pair at the same speed. Is this

Bestätigungssignal hingegen nicht eingetroffen, dann wird ein Bremsen der beiden miteinander verkoppelten Züge bis zum Stillstand in die Wege geleitet.Confirmation signal, however, has not arrived, then a braking of the two coupled trains is led to a standstill in the way.

Vorzugsweise sind die miteinander verkoppelten Züge jeweils mit einem GPS-System ausgestattet. Dies erlaubt zu jedem gewünschten Zeitpunkt eine Erfassung der momentanen Position und der momentanen Geschwindigkeit des jeweiligen Zuges. Im Falle eines ordnungsgemäß abgeschlossenen Umladevorgangs und eines ordnungsgemäß vollendeten Entkoppelns der beiden Züge wird der Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzug im weiteren Verlauf des dritten Streckenabschnitts bis zum Stillstand abgebremst. Durch eine Überprüfung der Geschwindigkeit des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges an einem zweiten vorgegebenen Streckenpunkt kann im Sinne einer zusätzlichen Sicherheit überprüft werden, ob der Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzug vom Expresszug entkoppelt ist und seine Geschwindigkeit in gewünschter Weise verringert hat. Ist dies nicht der Fall, dann liegt ein Notfall vor und es wird ein sofortiges Abbremsen des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges bzw. beider Züge in die Wege geleitet.Preferably, the interconnected trains are each equipped with a GPS system. This allows at any time a detection of the current position and the current speed of each train. In the case of a properly completed transshipment process and a properly completed decoupling of the two trains of the feeder and / or pickup train is braked in the further course of the third section to a stop. By checking the speed of the feeder and / or pickup train at a second predetermined waypoint can be checked in terms of additional security, whether the feeder and / or pickup train is decoupled from the express train and has reduced its speed in the desired manner. If this is not the case, then there is an emergency and it is an immediate deceleration of the feeder and / or pickup train or both trains in the way.

Weitere vorteilhafte Eigenschaften der Erfindung ergeben sich aus deren nachfolgender Erläuterung anhand der Figuren. Es zeigt

Figur 1
eine Skizze eines Ausführungsbeispiels für ein Streckennetz,
Figur 2
eine Skizze zur Veranschaulichung des Streckennetzes im Bereich einer Umladestation und
Figur 3
eine Blockdarstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels für eine Steuervorrichtung.
Further advantageous features of the invention will become apparent from the following explanation with reference to FIGS. It shows
FIG. 1
a sketch of an embodiment of a route network,
FIG. 2
a sketch to illustrate the route network in the area of a transfer station and
FIG. 3
a block diagram of an embodiment of a control device.

Die Figur 1 zeigte eine Skizze eines Ausführungsbeispiels für ein Streckennetz. Auf diesem Streckennetz N1, das in Form einer geschlossenen Schleife ausgebildet ist und zu welchem Umladestationen S1, ..., S7 gehören, fährt ein Expresszug mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit v auf einem ersten Schienenpaar SP1 in Fahrtrichtung R1. Bei normalem, ungestörtem Betrieb behält er diese Geschwindigkeit v auch im Bereich der Umladestationen S1, ..., S7 bei. Der Expresszug, bei welchem es sich um einen Güterzug handelt, weist eine Lokomotive und eine Vielzahl von Waggons auf. Auf jedem oder vielen dieser Waggons befindet sich ein Container, in welchem Fracht gelagert ist. Jeder dieser Container wurde an einer der Umladestationen auf den jeweils zugehörigen Waggon geladen und soll an einer vorgesehenen anderen Umladestation wieder vom Waggon abgeladen werden. Nach diesem Abladen steht der jeweilige Waggon für ein erneutes Beladen mit einem anderen Container zur Verfügung. Das Be- und Entladen der Container im Bereich einer Umladestation wird nachfolgend anhand der Figur 2 näher erläutert.The FIG. 1 showed a sketch of an embodiment of a route network. On this route network N1, which is formed in the form of a closed loop and to which transhipment stations S1, ..., S7, an express train v drives at a constant speed v on a first pair of rails SP1 in the direction of travel R1. In normal, undisturbed operation, it maintains this speed v also in the area of the transfer stations S1, ..., S7. The express train, which is a freight train, has a locomotive and a plurality of wagons. On each or many of these wagons is a container in which cargo is stored. Each of these containers was loaded at one of the transfer stations on the respective associated wagon and should be unloaded at a designated other transfer station back from the wagon. After unloading, the respective wagon is available for reloading with another container. The loading and unloading of the containers in the area of a transfer station will be described below on the basis of FIG. 2 explained in more detail.

Diese zeigt eine Skizze zur Veranschaulichung des Streckennetzes im Bereich einer Umladestation, beispielsweise der Umladestation S1. Dort fährt der Expresszug in der Figur 2 von links kommend in Fahrtrichtung R1 in die Umladestation S1 ein und gelangt dort an eine Weiche W1. Im normalen, ungestörten Betrieb ist diese Weiche W1 derart eingestellt, dass der Expresszug auf dem Schienenpaar SP1 verbleibt und schließlich über eine Weiche W2 die Umladestation S1 in der Figur 2 nach rechts verlässt. Er fährt im gesamten Bereich dieser Umladestation S1 mit der vorgegebenen konstanten Geschwindigkeit v.This shows a sketch to illustrate the route network in the area of a transfer station, for example the transfer station S1. There is the express train in the FIG. 2 Coming from the left in the direction of travel R1 in the transfer station S1 and there passes to a switch W1. In normal, undisturbed operation, this switch W1 is set such that the express train remains on the rail pair SP1 and finally via a switch W2 the transfer station S1 in the FIG. 2 leaves to the right. It runs in the entire area of this transfer station S1 at the predetermined constant speed v.

Weiterhin ist im Bereich der Umladestation S1 ein lokales Streckennetz N2 vorgesehen, welches in Form einer geschlossenen Schleife ausgebildet ist. Auf diesem Streckennetz N2 fährt ein Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzug auf einem zweiten Schienenpaar SP2 in Fahrtrichtung R2. Der Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzug weist ebenfalls eine Lokomotive und eine Vielzahl von Waggons auf. Vorzugsweise stimmt die Anzahl der Waggons des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges mit der Anzahl der Waggons des Expresszuges überein. Im Bereich des Streckennetzes N2 ist eine Be- und Entladestation BES vorgesehen, an welcher der Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzug im stillstehenden Zustand mittels eines Krans be- und entladen werden kann.Furthermore, a local route network N2 is provided in the region of the transfer station S1, which is designed in the form of a closed loop. On this route network N2, a feeder and / or pickup train travels on a second pair of rails SP2 in the direction of travel R2. The feeder and / or pickup train also has a locomotive and a plurality of wagons. Preferably, the number of wagons of the feeder and / or pick-up train coincides with the number of wagons of the express train. In the area of the route network N2 a loading and unloading station BES is provided, on which the feeder and / or pickup train can be loaded and unloaded in the stationary state by means of a crane.

Des weiteren weist das Streckennetz N2 einen Bereich auf, in welchem das Schienenpaar SP2 dem Schienenpaar SP1 unmittelbar benachbart ist und parallel zu diesem verläuft. In diesem Bereich sind Streckenabschnitte A1, A2 und A3 vorgesehen.Furthermore, the route network N2 has a region in which the pair of rails SP2 is immediately adjacent to the pair of rails SP1 and runs parallel thereto. In this area, sections A1, A2 and A3 are provided.

Im Streckenabschnitt A1 erfolgt eine Beschleunigung des Zubringer- bzw. Abnehmerzuges derart, dass er am Ende des Streckenabschnitts A1 dieselbe Geschwindigkeit v hat, mit welcher der Expresszug auf dem Schienenpaar SP1 neben ihm fährt. Dabei befindet sich jeweils ein Waggon des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges, der auf dem Schienenpaar SP2 fährt, seitlich neben einem Waggon des Expresszuges, der auf dem Schienenpaar SP1 fährt.In the section A1, the feeder or pickup train is accelerated in such a way that at the end of the section A1 it has the same speed v with which the express train on the pair of rails SP1 travels next to it. In each case, there is a wagon of the feeder and / or pickup train, which runs on the pair of rails SP2, laterally next to a train of the express train, which runs on the pair of rails SP1.

Dies ist Voraussetzung dafür, dass zu Beginn des Streckenabschnittes A2 nebeneinander fahrende Waggons miteinander verkoppelt werden können. Zu diesem Zweck werden beispielsweise Bolzen des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges in jeweils zugehörige Bolzenaufnahmen des Expresszuges eingeschoben. Ist das Einschieben dieser Bolzen in die Bolzenaufnahmen erfolgt, dann wird dies mittels eines Detektors in der jeweiligen Bolzenaufnahme detektiert und an eine Steuereinheit gemeldet. Diese leitet dann ein Umladen der für die Umladestation S1 vorgesehenen Container von den Waggons des Expresszuges auf die zugehörigen Waggons des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges in die Wege. Ist dieses Umladen erfolgreich zu Ende geführt, dann wird dies wiederum mittels eines Detektors erfasst und der Steuereinheit in Form eines Bestätigungssignals gemeldet. Diese sorgt dann dafür, dass die miteinander gekoppelten Waggons voneinander entkoppelt werden. Auch dieses Entkoppeln wird mittels eines Detektors erfasst und der Steuereinheit in Form eines Bestätigungssignals übermittelt.This is a prerequisite for the fact that at the beginning of the section A2 adjacent wagons can be coupled together. For this purpose, for example, bolts of the feeder and / or pickup train are inserted into respectively associated bolt receptacles of the express train. If the insertion of these bolts is carried out in the bolt receptacles, then this is detected by means of a detector in the respective bolt receptacle and reported to a control unit. This then initiates a reloading of the intended for the transfer station S1 container from the cars of the express train on the associated wagons of feeder and / or pickup train in the way. If this reloading successfully completed, then this is in turn detected by a detector and reported to the control unit in the form of a confirmation signal. This then ensures that the coupled wagons are decoupled from each other. This decoupling is also detected by means of a detector and transmitted to the control unit in the form of an acknowledgment signal.

Die Länge des Streckenabschnittes A2 ist derart dimensioniert, dass die Verkopplung der Waggons, die Umladung der Container und die nachfolgende Entkopplung der Waggons bei Berücksichtigung der Geschwindigkeit v der Züge am Ende des Streckenabschnitts A2 beendet sein müssen.The length of the section A2 is dimensioned such that the coupling of the wagons, the transhipment of the Containers and the subsequent decoupling of the wagons in consideration of the speed v of the trains at the end of the section A2 must be completed.

Hat der Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzug den am Ende des Streckenabschnittes A2 liegenden Streckenpunkt P1 erreicht und ist der Steuereinheit bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt das Bestätigungssignal über das erfolgreiche fertiggestellte Umladen und/oder das Bestätigungssignal über das erfolgreich durchgeführte Entkoppeln der Waggons nicht übermittelt worden, dann leitet die Steuereinheit eine Notfallbetriebsart in die Wege.If the feeder and / or pickup train has reached the route point P1 located at the end of the section A2 and the control unit has not been notified of the successfully completed reloading and / or the confirmation signal on the successfully performed decoupling of the wagons by that time, then the control unit initiates an emergency mode.

In dieser Notfallbetriebsart übermittelt die Steuereinheit den miteinander verkoppelten Waggons bzw. deren Lokomotiven ein Befehlssignal, auf Grund dessen die nebeneinander fahrenden, miteinander verkoppelten Züge bis zum Stillstand abgebremst werden. Dieses Abbremsen erfolgt derart, dass die miteinander verkoppelten Züge spätestens am Ende des Streckabschnitts A3 zum Stehen kommen, d. h. bevor sich das Schienenpaar SP2 wieder vom Schienenpaar SP1 entfernt.In this emergency mode, the control unit transmits to each other coupled wagons or their locomotives a command signal, on the basis of which the side by side moving, mutually coupled trains are braked to a standstill. This braking takes place in such a way that the mutually coupled trains come to a standstill at the latest at the end of the extension section A3, ie. H. before the pair of rails SP2 again away from the pair of rails SP1.

Ferner übermittelt die Steuereinheit in der Notfallbetriebsart den Weichen W1 und W2 ein Steuersignal. Die Weiche W1 wird durch dieses Steuersignal derart umgestellt, dass ein auf dem Schienenpaar SP1 in den Bereich der Umladestation S1 einfahrender nachfolgender Expresszug über die Weiche W1 auf ein Schienenpaar SP3 umgeleitet wird. Die Weiche W2 wird durch das ihr zugeführte Steuersignal derart umgestellt, dass ein auf das Schienenpaar SP3 umgeleiteter Zug über die Weiche W2 wieder auf das Schienenpaar SP1 geleitet wird und dort seine Fahrt zur nächsten Umladestation fortsetzen kann.Further, in the emergency mode, the control unit transmits to the switches W1 and W2 a control signal. The switch W1 is changed over by this control signal in such a way that a subsequent express train entering on the rail pair SP1 into the area of the transfer station S1 is diverted via the switch W1 onto a rail pair SP3. The diverter W2 is changed over by the control signal supplied to it in such a way that a train diverted onto the pair of rails SP3 is guided again via the diverter W2 onto the pair of rails SP1, where it can continue its journey to the next transhipment station.

Eine bevorzuge Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht darin, die Geschwindigkeit zumindest des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges mittels eines GPS-Systems zu überwachen. Dies erhöht im Falle einer nicht erfolgreich durchgeführten Entkopplung beider Züge die Sicherheit der Einleitung von Notfallmaßnahmen. Bei ordnungsgemäß durchgeführter Entkopplung wird der Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzug bereits im Bereich des Streckenabschnittes A3 abgebremst, so dass er eine vorgegebene Maximalgeschwindigkeit unterschreitet, die beispielsweise v/2 beträgt. Wird durch das GPS-System ermittelt, dass die Geschwindigkeit des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges beispielsweise am Streckenpunkt P2, der in Fahrtrichtung gesehen hinter dem Streckenpunkt P1 liegt, größer ist als die vorgegebene Maximalgeschwindigkeit, dann wird im Rahmen der Notfallbetriebsart ein Bremsen des Expresszuges und des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges in die Wege geleitet. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass im Falle einer fehlerhaften Übermittlung eines Bestätigungssignals für eine erfolgreiche Umladung und/oder eine erfolgreiche Entkopplung ein Unfall mit hohem Schaden entstehen kann.A preferred embodiment of the invention is to monitor the speed of at least the feeder and / or pickup train by means of a GPS system. In the case of an unsuccessful decoupling of both trains, this increases the safety of the initiation of emergency measures. If decoupling has been carried out properly, the feeder train and / or doffer train is already decelerated in the area of the route section A3, so that it falls below a predetermined maximum speed, which is, for example, v / 2. If it is determined by the GPS system that the speed of the feeder and / or pickup train, for example, at the route point P2, which is behind the route point P1 seen in the direction of travel, is greater than the predetermined maximum speed, then in the emergency mode brakes the express train and the feeder and / or pickup train. This prevents that in the case of a faulty transmission of a confirmation signal for a successful transhipment and / or a successful decoupling an accident with high damage may occur.

Die Figur 3 zeigt eine Blockdarstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Steuervorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung.The FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of a control device according to the invention.

Die dargestellte Steuervorrichtung weist eine Steuereinheit SE auf, die einen Funkempfänger FE, eine Recheneinheit RE und einen Funksender FS umfasst. Die mittels des Funkempfängers FE empfangenen Funksignale werden der Recheneinheit RE zugeführt und in dieser ausgewertet. Die Recheneinheit RE stellt an ihrem Ausgang Steuersignale bereit, die dem Funksender FS zugeführt werden. Dieser wandelt die Steuersignale in Funksignale um, die ausgestrahlt werden. Die Steuereinheit SE ist beispielsweise in der Be- und Entladestation BES der Umladestation S1 angeordnet.The illustrated control device has a control unit SE, which comprises a radio receiver FE, a computing unit RE and a radio transmitter FS. The radio signals received by means of the radio receiver FE are supplied to the arithmetic unit RE and evaluated in this. The arithmetic unit RE provides at its output control signals, which are supplied to the radio transmitter FS. This converts the control signals into radio signals that are broadcast. The control unit SE is arranged, for example, in the loading and unloading station BES of the transfer station S1.

Die gezeigte Steuervorrichtung weist des weiteren einen Verkopplungsdetektor VKD, einen Umladedetektor ULD, ein erstes GPS-System GPS1, ein zweites GPS-System GPS2 und einen Entkopplungsdetektor EKD auf.The control device shown further comprises a coupling detector VKD, a transhipment detector ULD, a first GPS system GPS1, a second GPS system GPS2 and a decoupling detector EKD.

Der Verkopplungsdetektor VKD ist beispielsweise Bestandteil des auf dem Schienenpaar SP1 fahrenden Expresszuges. Er ist dazu vorgesehen, ein Verkopplungsbestätigungssignal B1 bereitzustellen, wenn die Verkopplung der Waggons erfolgreich durchgeführt wurde, und dieses Verkopplungsbestätigungssignal B1 über Funk an den Funkempfänger FE der Steuereinheit SE zu übertragen.The coupling detector VKD is for example part of the moving on the rail pair SP1 express train. It is intended to provide a coupling acknowledgment signal B1, if the coupling of the wagons has been carried out successfully, and to transmit this coupling confirmation signal B1 via radio to the radio receiver FE of the control unit SE.

Der Umladedetektor ULD ist beispielsweise Bestandteil des auf dem Schienenpaar SP2 fahrenden Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges. Er ist dazu vorgesehen, ein Umladebestätigungssignal B2 bereitzustellen, wenn der Umladevorgang erfolgreich durchgeführt wurde, und dieses Umladebestätigungssignal B2 über Funk an den Funkempfänger FE der Steuereinheit SE zu übertragen.The transhipment detector ULD is for example part of the moving on the pair of rails SP2 feeder and / or pickup. It is intended to provide a transhipment confirming signal B2 when the transhipment process has been carried out successfully, and to transmit this transhipment confirming signal B2 by radio to the radio receiver FE of the control unit SE.

Das erste GPS-System GPS1 ist Bestandteil des auf dem Schienenpaar SP2 fahrenden Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges. Es ist dazu vorgesehen, Informationen über die momentane Position und die momentane Geschwindigkeit des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges bereitzustellen und diese Informationen in Form von Funksignalen B3 an den Funkempfänger FE der Steuereinheit SE zu übertragen.The first GPS system GPS1 is part of the feeder train and / or pickup train running on the rail pair SP2. It is intended to provide information about the current position and the instantaneous speed of the feeder and / or pickup train and to transmit this information in the form of radio signals B3 to the radio receiver FE of the control unit SE.

Das zweite GPS-System GPS2 ist Bestandteil des auf dem Schienenpaar SP1 fahrenden Expresszuges. Es ist dazu vorgesehen, Informationen über die momentane Position und die momentane Geschwindigkeit des Expresszuges bereitzustellen und diese Informationen in Form eines Funksignals B4 an den Funkempfänger FE der Steuereinheit SE zu übertragen.The second GPS system GPS2 is part of the express train on rail pair SP1. It is intended to provide information about the current position and the instantaneous speed of the express train and to transmit this information in the form of a radio signal B4 to the radio receiver FE of the control unit SE.

Der Entkopplungsdetektor EKD ist beispielsweise Bestandteil des auf dem Schienenpaar SP2 fahrenden Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges. Er ist dazu vorgesehen, ein Entkopplungsbestätigungssignal B5 bereitzustellen, wenn der Entkopplungsvorgang erfolgreich durchgeführt wurde, und dieses Entkopplungsbestätigungssignal B5 über Funk an den Funkempfänger FE der Steuereinheit SE zu übertragen.The decoupling detector EKD is for example part of the moving on the rail pair SP2 feeder and / or pickup train. It is intended to provide a decoupling confirmation signal B5 when the decoupling operation has been carried out successfully, and to transmit this decoupling confirmation signal B5 via radio to the radio receiver FE of the control unit SE.

Die Steuereinheit SE überwacht unter Auswertung der ihr zugeführten Funksignale einen ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb der Umladestation S1.The control unit SE monitors the evaluation of the radio signals supplied to them a proper operation of the transfer station S1.

Dazu gehört eine Überwachung der Geschwindigkeit des auf dem Schienenpaar SP2 fahrenden Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges im Streckenabschnitt A1 unter Berücksichtigung der von den GPS-Systemen GPS1 und GPS2 bereitgestellten Informationen über die Positionen und die Geschwindigkeiten des Expresszuges und des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges. Ziel dieser Überwachung ist es, die Geschwindigkeit des Zubringer- und/ oder Abnehmerzuges derart zu steuern, dass am Ende des Streckenabschnittes A1 der auf dem Schienenpaar SP1 fahrende Expresszug und der auf dem Schienenpaar SP2 fahrende Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzug mit derselben Geschwindigkeit v nebeneinander fahren und die Verkopplung der nebeneinander fahrenden Züge bzw. der nebeneinander fahrenden Waggons der beiden Züge erfolgreich abgeschlossen ist. Steuersignale, die die Geschwindigkeit des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges in jeweils notwendiger Weise steuern, werden von der Recheneinheit RE bereitgestellt und vom Funksender FS in Form von Steuersignalen s1 an die Lokomotive des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges ZAZ übertragen.This includes monitoring the speed of the feeder train and / or pickup train running on track pair SP2 in section A1, taking into account the information provided by the GPS systems GPS1 and GPS2 about the positions and speeds of the express train and the feeder train and / or pickup train , The aim of this monitoring is to control the speed of the feeder and / or pickup train such that at the end of the section A1 the express train traveling on the pair of rails SP1 and the feeder and / or pickup train traveling on the pair of rails SP2 are side by side at the same speed v drive and the coupling of the side by side moving trains or the juxtaposed wagons of the two trains is completed successfully. Control signals which control the speed of the feeder and / or pickup train in a necessary manner are provided by the arithmetic unit RE and transmitted by the radio transmitter FS in the form of control signals s1 to the locomotive of the feeder and / or pickup train ZAZ.

Das Bestätigungssignal B1 über die erfolgte Verkopplung wird der Steuereinheit SE in Form eines Funksignals vom Verkopplungsdetektor VKD bereitgestellt.The confirmation signal B1 about the coupling carried out is provided to the control unit SE in the form of a radio signal from the coupling detector VKD.

Des weiteren überwacht die Steuereinheit SE die im Streckenabschnitt A2 erfolgende Umladung der Fracht zwischen den nebeneinander fahrenden Waggons unter Berücksichtigung der von den GPS-Systemen GPS1 und GPS2 bereitgestellten Informationen über die momentanen Geschwindigkeiten und die momentanen Positionen des Expresszuges und des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges. Dazu gehört eine Freigabe der Umladung von Fracht, wobei diese Umladung in den einzelnen Waggons nach Empfang eines jeweiligen Freigabesignals automatisch beispielsweise mittels hydraulischer Verschiebeeinrichtungen vorgenommen wird. Nach erfolgreichem Abschluss der Umladevorgänge wird vom Umladedetektor ULD über Funk ein Bestätigungssignal B2 an die Steuereinheit SE übertragen. Die Länge des Streckenabschnittes A2 ist derart gewählt, dass die Umladevorgänge bei ordnungsgemäßem Verlauf am Ende des Streckenabschnitts A2 fertiggestellt sind. Ein ordnungsgemäßer Verlauf der Umladevorgänge wird von der Steuereinheit SE dann erkannt, wenn das Bestätigungssignal B2 spätestens dann bei der Steuereinheit SE eingetroffen ist, wenn der Expresszug und der mit diesem verkoppelte Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzug den Streckenpunkt P1 passieren, der am Ende des Streckenabschnitts A2 vorgesehen ist.Furthermore, the control unit SE monitors the transhipment of the freight between the adjacent wagons taking place in the section A2 taking into account the information provided by the GPS systems GPS1 and GPS2 about the instantaneous speeds and the instantaneous positions of the express train and the feeder and / or pickup train , This includes a release of the transhipment of freight, this transhipment in the individual wagons after receiving a respective release signal automatically made, for example by means of hydraulic displacement devices becomes. After successful completion of the transshipment operations, the transhipment detector ULD transmits a confirmation signal B2 to the control unit SE via radio. The length of the route section A2 is selected such that the transshipment processes are completed when the route is proper at the end of the route section A2. An orderly course of the transshipment processes is recognized by the control unit SE when the acknowledgment signal B2 has arrived at the control unit SE at the latest when the express train and the feeder and / or pickup train coupled thereto cross the route point P1 at the end of the route section A2 is provided.

Ferner überwacht die Steuereinheit SE die im Streckenabschnitt A3 erfolgende Entkopplung der beiden Züge unter Berücksichtigung der von den GPS-Systemen GPS1 und GPS2 bereitgestellten Informationen über die momentanen Geschwindigkeiten und die momentanen Positionen des Expresszuges und des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges. Zu diesem Zweck erfolgt durch die Steuereinheit SE die Ausgabe eines Entkopplungsfreigabesignals. Dieses Entkopplungsfreigabesignal wird von der Steuereinheit SE bereitgestellt, wenn die nebeneinander fahrenden Züge den Streckenpunkt P1 erreicht haben und der Steuereinheit das Umladebestätigungssignal B2 rechtzeitig zugegangen ist. Das Entkopplungsfreigabesignal wird von der Recheneinheit RE bereitgestellt und vom Funksender FE in Form eines Funksignals entweder den miteinander verkoppelten Waggons direkt oder über deren jeweilige Lokomotive zugeleitet. Ist die Entkopplung erfolgreich abgeschlossen, dann wird dies vom Entkopplungsdetektor EKD, der auf einem der beiden Züge vorgesehen ist, detektiert und in Form eines Funksignals B5 an die Steuereinheit SE übertragen. Diese leitet daraufhin ein Abbremsen des auf dem Schienenpaar SP2 fahrenden Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges in die Wege, so dass sich dessen Geschwindigkeit nach der Entkopplung der beiden Züge schnell verringert. Passiert der Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzug den in Fahrtrichtung R2 hinter dem Streckenpunkt P1 liegenden Streckenpunkt P2, dann kontrolliert die Steuereinheit SE durch Auswertung der vom GPS-System GPS2 bereitgestellten Informationen über die momentane Geschwindigkeit und die momentane Position des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges, ob sich die Geschwindigkeit des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges nach der Entkopplung der beiden Züge in gewünschter Weise verringert hat. Ist dies der Fall, dann erkennt die Steuereinheit SE, dass ein ordnungsgemäßer Betrieb vorliegt und steuert das weitere Abbremsen des Zubringer- und/oder Abnehmerzuges derart, dass dieser in der Be- und Entladestation BES in gewünschter Weise zum Stehen kommt, um dort entladen und neu beladen werden zu können. Des weiteren gibt die Steuereinheit im Falle des Erkennens eines ordnungsgemäßen Betriebes auch die Weiterfahrt des Expresszuges mit der vorgegebenen konstanten Geschwindigkeit v frei.Furthermore, the control unit SE monitors the decoupling of the two trains taking place in the section A3 taking into account the information provided by the GPS systems GPS1 and GPS2 about the instantaneous speeds and the instantaneous positions of the express train and the feeder and / or pickup train. For this purpose, by the control unit SE, the output of a decoupling enable signal. This decoupling enable signal is provided by the control unit SE when the trains traveling next to each other have reached the route point P1 and the control unit has received the transfer charge confirmation signal B2 in good time. The decoupling enable signal is provided by the arithmetic unit RE and supplied by the radio transmitter FE in the form of a radio signal either the interlinked wagons directly or via their respective locomotive. If the decoupling is successfully completed, then this is the decoupling detector EKD, which is provided on one of the two trains, detected and transmitted in the form of a radio signal B5 to the control unit SE. This then initiates a deceleration of the moving on the pair of rails SP2 feeder and / or pickup train in the way, so that its speed decreases rapidly after the decoupling of the two trains. If the feeder train and / or pick-up train passes the route point P2 lying behind the route point P1 in the direction of travel R2, then the control unit SE checks by evaluating the information provided by the GPS system GPS2 about the instantaneous speed and the instantaneous position of the feeder and / or pickup train, whether the speed of the feeder and / or pickup train has decreased in a desired manner after decoupling of the two trains. If this is the case, then recognizes the control unit SE that a proper operation is present and controls the further deceleration of the feeder and / or pickup train such that it comes to a stop in the loading and unloading station BES in the desired manner to unload there and to be reloaded. Furthermore, in the case of recognizing a proper operation, the control unit also releases the further travel of the express train at the predetermined constant speed v.

Treten jedoch beim Umladevorgang und/oder beim Entkoppeln der beiden Züge Probleme auf, so dass zumindest einer dieser beiden Vorgänge nicht erfolgreich abgeschlossen werden kann, dann wird vom Umladedetektor ULD bzw. vom Entkopplungsdetektor EKD kein Bestätigungssignal bereitgestellt. Das Ausbleiben dieses bzw. dieser Bestätigungssignale wird von der Steuereinheit SE erkannt, die als Reaktion auf dieses Ausbleiben eines Bestätigungssignals eine Notfallbetriebsart in die Wege leitet, um ein Auftreten von Folgeschäden zu vermeiden.However, if problems occur during the transfer process and / or during the decoupling of the two trains, so that at least one of these two operations can not be completed successfully, no acknowledgment signal is provided by the transshipment detector ULD or by the decoupling detector EKD. The absence of these acknowledgment signals is detected by the control unit SE, which in response to this absence of an acknowledgment signal initiates an emergency mode to avoid the occurrence of consequential damage.

Stellt die Steuereinheit SE beispielsweise fest, dass zwar der Umladevorgang erfolgreich abgeschlossen werden konnte, nicht aber der Entkopplungsvorgang, dann sendet die Steuereinheit SE Funksignale s1 und s2 an die Lokomotiven der beiden Züge aus, die als Reaktion auf diese Funksignale die beiden Züge gleichmäßig abbremsen, so dass diese noch innerhalb des Streckenabschnittes A3 zum Stillstand kommen. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass die beiden Züge noch miteinander verkoppelt sind, wenn sich die beiden Schienenpaare wieder voneinander entfernen. Vorzugsweise sendet die Steuereinheit bei nicht erfolgreich abgeschlossener Entkopplung des weiteren Funksignale s3 und s4 aus. Durch das Funksignal s3 wird ein Stellglied angesteuert, das der Weiche W1 zugeordnet ist und die Weiche W1 nach Empfang des Funksignals s3 derart umstellt, das ein auf dem ersten Schienenpaar SP1 die Umladestation S1 erreichender Nachfolgezug auf ein drittes Schienenpaar SP3 umgeleitet wird, welches im Bereich der Umladestation S1 zum größten Teil parallel zum ersten Schienenpaar SP1 verläuft.For example, if the control unit SE determines that the transshipment has been completed successfully but not the decoupling process, the control unit SE sends radio signals s1 and s2 to the locomotives of the two trains which decelerate the two trains equally in response to these radio signals. so that they still come to a stop within the section A3. This prevents the two trains are still coupled together when the two pairs of rails again move away from each other. If the decoupling of the further signal is not successful, the control unit preferably transmits the further radio signals s3 and s4. By the radio signal s3, an actuator is controlled, which is associated with the switch W1 and after the reception of the radio signal s3, the switch W1 is switched in such a way that a follower train reaching the transfer station S1 on the first pair of rails SP1 is diverted to a third pair of rails SP3, which in the region of the transfer station S1 runs for the most part parallel to the first pair of rails SP1.

Durch das Funksignal s4 wird ein Stellglied angesteuert, das der Weiche W2 zugeordnet ist und die Weiche W2 nach Empfang des Funksignals s4 derart umstellt, dass ein auf das dritte Schienenpaar SP3 umgeleiteter Folgezug wieder auf das erste Schienenpaar SP1 zurückgeleitet wird. Durch diese Maßnahmen wird erreicht, dass ein auf dem Schienenpaar SP1 nachfolgender Zug im Bereich der Umladestation S1 umgeleitet wird, so dass er zum einen nicht auf den im Streckenabschnitt A3 des ersten Schienenpaares SP1 zum Stillstand gebrachten Expresszug auffährt und zum anderen nicht in unnötiger Weise warten muss, bis die im Bereich der Umladestation S1 aufgetretenen Probleme beseitigt sind. Dies ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn der nachfolgende Zug in der Umladestation S1 weder Fracht abladen noch Fracht aufnehmen muss.By the radio signal s4 an actuator is controlled, which is associated with the switch W2 and the switch W2 after receipt of the radio signal s4 such a way that a redirected to the third pair of rails SP3 follower train is returned to the first pair of rails SP1. Through these measures, it is achieved that a train following on the pair of rails SP1 is diverted in the area of the transfer station S1 so that, on the one hand, it does not ascend to the express train brought to a standstill in the section A3 of the first pair of rails SP1 and, on the other hand, not wait in an unnecessary manner until the problems encountered in the area of transfer station S1 have been eliminated. This is particularly advantageous if the subsequent train in the transfer station S1 neither unload cargo nor take up freight.

Stellt die Steuereinheit SE hingegen fest, dass das Umladebestätigungssignal nicht rechtzeitig eingegangen ist, dann unterlässt sie ein Aussenden eines Entkopplungsfreigabesignals und sendet ebenso wie beim vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel Funksignale s1 und s2 aus, auf Grund welcher die beiden miteinander verkoppelten Züge im Streckenbereich A3 bis zum Stillstand abgebremst werden. Auch bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel besteht eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung darin, die Weichen W1 und W2 derart umzustellen, dass ein Folgezug über das dritte Schienenpaar SP3 umgeleitet wird.On the other hand, if the control unit SE determines that the transhipment confirmation signal has not been received in time, it omits to output a decoupling enable signal and, as in the above-described embodiment, transmits radio signals s1 and s2 as a result of which the two interlinked trains in the route area A3 will be at a standstill be slowed down. Also in this embodiment, an advantageous development is to switch the switches W1 and W2 such that a following train is redirected via the third rail pair SP3.

Bei einem Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung wird nach alledem der Betrieb innerhalb einer Umladestation von einer Steuereinheit überwacht. Beim Erkennen von Störungen eines ordnungsgemäßen Betriebes, insbesondere bei Störungen, die bei der Umladung von Fracht auftreten, und bei Störungen, die beim Entkoppeln der miteinander verkoppelten Züge auftreten, leitet die Steuereinheit automatisch eine Notlaufbetriebsart in die Wege, um Folgeschäden zu vermeiden. Insbesondere erfolgt in dieser Notfallbetriebsart ein Stoppen der miteinander verkoppelten Züge, bevor sich deren Schienenpaare wieder voneinander entfernen, und eine Umstellung von Weichen derart, dass ein in der Umladestation eintreffender Folgezug im Bereich der Umladestation auf ein Umgehungsschienenpaar geleitet wird. Um der Steuereinheit diese Überwachung zu ermöglichen, werden ihr Bestätigungssignale zugeführt, die den erfolgreichen Abschluss des Umladevorganges und den erfolgreichen Abschluss des Entkopplungsvorganges melden. Bleibt mindestens eines dieser Bestätigungssignal aus, dann erkennt die Steuereinheit eine Störung im Betrieb der Umladestation und leitet die oben beschriebene Notfallbetriebsart ein. Vorzugsweise werden der Steuereinheit zum Zwecke der Überwachung auch weitere Funksignale zugeführt, zu welchen ein eine erfolgte Verkopplung der Züge anzeigendes Bestätigungssignal sowie von GPS-Systemen abgeleitete Informationen gehören, wobei letztere Informationen Auskunft über die momentanen Positionen der am Umladevorgang beteiligen Züge und über deren momentanen Geschwindigkeiten geben.In a method according to the invention, after all, the operation within a transfer station is monitored by a control unit. In detecting malfunctions of proper operation, especially in case of disturbances that occur during the transhipment of cargo, and in case of malfunctions during decoupling the trains coupled together, the control unit automatically initiates a runflat mode to avoid consequential damage. In particular, in this emergency mode, stopping the mutually coupled trains before their pairs of rails again move away from each other, and a changeover of points such that an incoming train in the transfer station following train in the Umladestation on a bypass rail pair is passed. In order to allow the control unit to monitor this, it receives confirmation signals which signal the successful completion of the transfer process and the successful completion of the decoupling process. If at least one of these confirmation signal remains off, then the control unit detects a malfunction in the operation of the transfer station and initiates the emergency mode described above. Preferably, the control unit for the purpose of monitoring also supplied further radio signals to which a coupling of the trains indicating confirmation signal and derived from GPS systems include information, the latter information information about the current positions of the trains involved in the reload and their current speeds give.

Alternativ zu einer Übertragung von Funksignalen kann die Kommunikation zwischen der Steuereinheit SE und den anderen in der Figur 3 gezeigten Bauteilen auch über das in den Figuren nicht dargestellte Antriebsstromnetz der Züge erfolgen.As an alternative to a transmission of radio signals, the communication between the control unit SE and the others in the FIG. 3 shown components also take place via the drive current network of the trains, not shown in the figures.

Eine weitere, nicht in den Figuren dargestellte Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht darin, links und rechts neben dem Expresszug jeweils einen Zubringer- bzw. Abnehmerzug fahren zu lassen. Bei dieser weiteren Ausführungsform besteht beispielsweise die Möglichkeit, die gesamte Fracht des Expresszuges auf einen der beiden neben ihm fahrenden Züge umzuladen und danach den Expresszug mit neuer Fracht vom anderen der beiden neben ihm fahrenden Züge zu beladen. Bei dieser weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Menge der umladbaren Fracht wesentlich größer als bei der anhand der Figuren beschriebenen Ausführungsform, bei welcher lediglich ein Zubringer- bzw. Abnehmerzug vorgesehen ist.Another embodiment of the invention, not shown in the figures, is to drive a feeder or pickup train to the left and right of the express train, respectively. In this further embodiment, for example, there is the possibility to reload the entire freight of the express train to one of the two trains traveling next to it and then to load the express train with new cargo from the other of the two trains traveling next to it. In this further embodiment of the invention, the amount of transhipment cargo is much greater than that of the figures described embodiment in which only a feeder or Abnehmerzug is provided.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for transferring freight from a car of a first train to a car of a second train, in which:
    - the first train travels at a predetermined constant speed on a first rail pair,
    - the second train travels at the predetermined constant speed on a second rail pair arranged parallel to the first rail pair,
    - the two cars are coupled together during the travel,
    - after coupling of the two cars during travel a transfer of freight from the car of one train to the car of the other train is undertaken,
    - after transfer has been carried out during the travel a decoupling of the cars is undertaken,
    - it is monitored by means of a control unit (SE) whether the transfer of the freight and the decoupling of the cars have been carried out successfully and
    - in the case of a transfer carried out unsuccessfully or decoupling of the cars carried out unsuccessfully the control unit (SE) brings into effect an emergency mode of operation,
    characterised in that the control unit (SE) in the emergency mode of operation diverts a following train travelling on the first rail pair or the second rail pair to a third rail pair (SP3).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the control unit (SE) in the case of successful transfer of the freight is supplied with a transfer confirmation signal (B2) and the control unit (SE) in the case of absence of the transfer confirmation signal places the emergency mode of operation into effect.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the control unit (SE) in the case of successful decoupling of the cars is supplied with a decoupling confirmation signal (B5) and the control unit (SE) in the absence of the decoupling confirmation signal places the emergency mode of operation into effect.
  4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control unit (SE) places the emergency mode of operation into effect when one of the trains or one of the coupled cars has reached a predetermined line point (P1) and the confirmation signal has still not been communicated to the control unit (SE).
  5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control unit (SE) brings the emergency mode of operation into effect by way of radio or by way of the drive system of the trains.
  6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control unit (SE) brings the intercoupled cars to a stop in the emergency mode of operation.
  7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that data about the instantaneous position and the instantaneous speed of the first and/or second train are supplied to the control unit (SE).
  8. Method according to claim 7, characterised in that the data about the instantaneous position and the instantaneous speed of the first and/or second train are supplied to the control unit (SE) by a GPS system (GPS1, GPS2).
  9. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the control unit (SE) monitors the speed of at least one of the trains on the basis of the data supplied to the control unit and brings the train to a stop if the speed of the train at a predetermined line point (P2) is greater than a permitted maximum speed.
EP10773892.4A 2009-12-05 2010-10-27 Method for transferring freight from a car of a first train to a car of a second train during travel Active EP2507109B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910057228 DE102009057228A1 (en) 2009-12-05 2009-12-05 Method for transferring freight from a wagon of a first train to a wagon of a second train while driving
PCT/EP2010/066206 WO2011067040A1 (en) 2009-12-05 2010-10-27 Method for transferring freight from a car of a first train to a car of a second train during travel

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EP2507109A1 EP2507109A1 (en) 2012-10-10
EP2507109B1 true EP2507109B1 (en) 2015-09-23

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DE (1) DE102009057228A1 (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE757103A (en) 1969-10-24 1971-03-16 Automatisme & Technique CONTINUOUS TRANSPORTATION INSTALLATION
US3958512A (en) 1970-12-11 1976-05-25 Stankiewicz Jerzy G Rapid transit system
DE2510248A1 (en) 1975-03-08 1976-09-16 Nott Karl Josef Integrated guided transport system with interchange in transit - provides feeder transport with higher overall average speed

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WO2011067040A1 (en) 2011-06-09
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