EP2506669B2 - Switching device - Google Patents
Switching device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2506669B2 EP2506669B2 EP12160496.1A EP12160496A EP2506669B2 EP 2506669 B2 EP2506669 B2 EP 2506669B2 EP 12160496 A EP12160496 A EP 12160496A EP 2506669 B2 EP2506669 B2 EP 2506669B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- power supply
- unit
- units
- power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
- H05B6/062—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power for cooking plates or the like
- H05B6/065—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power for cooking plates or the like using coordinated control of multiple induction coils
Definitions
- the invention is based on a circuit device according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Circuit devices for induction hobs which include two heating frequency units for supplying three or four independent induction heating units with high-frequency alternating current.
- the object of the invention is, in particular, to provide a cost-effective generic circuit device which is advantageously easy to implement.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claim 1, while advantageous refinements and developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.
- the invention is based on a circuit device with at least two heating frequency units for supplying energy to at least three independent heating units.
- the circuit device comprises a power supply unit whose outputs only have a single reference potential.
- the term “intended” is intended to mean, in particular, specifically designed and/or equipped and/or programmed.
- a “heating frequency unit” is to be understood in particular as an electrical unit which generates an oscillating electrical current, preferably with a frequency of at least 15 kHz, in particular of at least 17 kHz and advantageously of at least 20 kHz, for operating the at least three heating units.
- the heating frequency unit in particular comprises at least one inverter, which preferably comprises two switching units.
- a “switching unit” is to be understood in particular as a unit which is intended to interrupt a line path comprising at least part of the switching unit in one of at least two switching positions.
- a “line path” is to be understood in particular as an electrically conductive connection unit between two points.
- “Electrically conductive” is to be understood in particular as having a specific electrical resistance of at most 10 -4 ⁇ m, in particular at most 10 -5 ⁇ m, advantageously at most 10 -6 ⁇ m and particularly advantageously at most 10 -7 ⁇ m at 20 ° C.
- the switching unit is a bidirectional unipolar switch, which in particular enables current to flow through the switch along the line path in both directions and which, in particular, short-circuits an electrical voltage in at least one polarity direction.
- the inverter preferably comprises at least two bipolar transistors with insulated gate electrodes and particularly advantageously at least one damping capacitor.
- heating unit is intended to mean, in particular, a unit that is intended to convert at least a large part of electrical energy into heat and thus in particular to heat a food item to be cooked.
- the heating unit comprises a radiant heater, a resistance heater and/or preferably an induction heater, which is intended to convert electrical energy into heat indirectly via induced eddy currents.
- At least three independent heating units should be understood to mean, in particular, heating units through which electrical currents of different effective current flow in at least one operating state.
- a “power supply unit” is intended to mean, in particular, an electronic unit that is intended to supply energy to at least one further unit that requires a voltage other than a voltage provided by a power supply network. In at least one operating state, a direct voltage is provided at at least one output of the power supply unit.
- the power supply unit has several outputs from which different DC voltages can be tapped.
- the power supply unit is part of a power module.
- the power supply unit is for supplying energy to at least one control unit and/or at least one driver unit of the at least two heating frequency units and/or an operator interface and/or at least one measuring unit, in particular a temperature and/or voltage and/or current measuring unit, and/or at least a cooling fan is provided.
- control unit is to be understood in particular as an electronic unit which comprises a computing unit and, in particular, in addition to the computing unit, a storage unit with a control program stored therein.
- control unit is at least intended to control and/or regulate the at least one heating frequency unit with the aid of control signals.
- the control unit is preferably part of the power assembly.
- a cost-effective circuit device can be provided, which is particularly advantageously easy to implement.
- potential isolation can be dispensed with.
- the circuit device is advantageously provided for connection to a maximum of two conductors of a power supply network.
- a “conductor of a power supply network” should in particular be understood to mean either an external conductor or a neutral conductor, in particular a neutral conductor which is designed differently from a pure protective conductor.
- the fact that the circuit device is "intended to be connected to a maximum of two conductors of a power supply network” should be understood in particular to mean that the circuit device is designed in such a way that operation is possible either only on exactly one external conductor and exactly one neutral conductor or only on exactly two external conductors of a power supply network is possible.
- a switching device that can be operated on more than two conductors, in particular on at least two external conductors and at least one neutral conductor, but only on two conductors of a power supply network, should in particular be provided for a connection to at least two conductors of a power supply network.
- By connecting to a maximum of two conductors of a power supply network further cost savings can be achieved because a filter assembly, the control unit and the power supply unit can be optimized accordingly.
- the circuit device has exactly two heating frequency units, a particularly cost-effective circuit device can be provided. Since the circuit device is intended to be connected to only two conductors of a power supply network, two heating frequency units are sufficient to achieve a maximum power that can be obtained from the two conductors.
- the circuit device comprises a power assembly which has the at least two heating frequency units and the power supply unit.
- An “assembly” is intended to mean, in particular, an assembly unit with several components that are intended to be pre-assembled into a unit, in particular to be assembled as a whole into a further unit.
- the assembly is a printed circuit board equipped with electronic components.
- a “power assembly” is intended to mean, in particular, an assembly that is intended to supply the at least three heating units with electrical power and preferably to adjust the electrical power of the at least three heating units.
- the power module preferably carries out a frequency conversion in at least one operating state and in particular converts a low-frequency alternating voltage on the input side into a high-frequency alternating voltage on the output side.
- a “low-frequency alternating voltage” should be understood to mean an alternating voltage with a frequency of at most 100 Hz.
- a “high-frequency alternating voltage” should be understood to mean an alternating voltage with a frequency of at least 1000 Hz.
- the power assembly is preferably intended to adjust the electrical power of the at least three heating units at least by adjusting the high-frequency alternating voltage.
- the power assembly further comprises at least one rectifier.
- assembly effort can be advantageously reduced, since pre-assembly of the power module can take place.
- advantageous electronic and thermal properties can be achieved when power electronic components are combined in a power assembly.
- advantageous cooling of the power electronic components, in particular the rectifier and the at least two heating frequency units can be achieved.
- the circuit device comprises a filter assembly which is intended for connection to a maximum of two conductors of a power supply network.
- a “filter assembly” is to be understood in particular as an assembly which, in at least one operating state, takes on at least one filter function, preferably a low-pass filter function to minimize high-frequency noise.
- the filter assembly also takes on an overvoltage protection function, preferably by means of a varistor.
- the filter assembly in particular comprises at least one choke, in particular a current-compensated choke, and/or at least one capacitor and/or at least one varistor.
- the filter assembly is preferably arranged between a connection to the power supply network and the rectifier.
- the filter assembly is preferably intended to carry out filtering of the power assembly.
- the fact that "the filter assembly is intended to be connected to a maximum of two conductors of a power supply network" should be understood in particular to mean that the filter assembly is designed in such a way that operation is possible either only on exactly one external conductor and exactly one neutral conductor or only on exactly two external conductors of a power supply network is possible.
- a filter assembly which can be operated on more than two conductors, in particular on two external conductors and one external conductor and a neutral conductor, but is only operated on two conductors of a power supply network, should in particular be provided for connection to at least two conductors of a power supply network. As a result, assembly effort can be advantageously reduced. Furthermore, costs can be reduced because a commercially available filter assembly can be used.
- the circuit device advantageously has at most two equipotential connection paths between the filter assembly and the power assembly, which are provided for transmitting at least a large part of the energy from the filter assembly to the at least three heating units.
- An “equipotential connection path” is intended to mean, in particular, a totality of all line paths with at least essentially the same potential between two assemblies, in particular between the filter assembly and the power assembly.
- a "totality of all line paths with at least essentially the same potential” includes in particular all line paths whose electrical potentials differ from one another at any time by a maximum of 10%, preferably by a maximum of 5% and particularly advantageously a maximum of 2%.
- a “potential difference” is to be understood in particular as a difference between two potentials.
- a “potential of an equipotential connection path” at a point in time is intended to mean, in particular, a spatially averaged potential of the equipotential connection path at this point in time.
- the fact that the maximum two equipotential connection paths "are provided for the transmission of at least a large part of the energy from the filter assembly to the at least three heating units" should be understood in particular to mean that in any operating state in which at least one of the at least three heating units is operated A current of the same effective current flows through the maximum two equipotential connection paths, whereby a product of the effective current and an effective value of a potential difference between the maximum two equipotential connection paths, minus a power which is supplied to other consumers different from the heating units operated, is at most 20%, preferably differs by a maximum of 10% and particularly advantageously by a maximum of 5% from a sum of time-averaged heating outputs of the operated heating units.
- a “time-averaged heating output” of an operated heating unit is to be understood in particular as a product of an
- the filter assembly is provided for connection to two outer conductors of a power supply network. This allows a higher operating voltage to be achieved.
- the power assembly has exactly two rectified equipotential busbars, between which a supply voltage for the at least three independent heating units is tapped in at least one operating state.
- An “equipotential busbar” is intended to mean, in particular, a totality of all line paths with at least essentially the same electrical potential.
- “Two rectified equipotential busbars” should be understood to mean, in particular, two equipotential busbars with a potential difference between their potentials, which has the same sign for every point in time.
- a “potential of an equipotential busbar” at a point in time should be understood to mean, in particular, a spatially averaged potential of the equipotential busbar at that point in time.
- the circuit device and preferably the power module of the circuit device comprises exactly one rectifier, preferably a bridge rectifier, which in at least one operating state carries out a rectification of the potential difference of the equipotential connection paths and provides a rectified voltage between the equipotential busbars.
- a bridge rectifier which in at least one operating state carries out a rectification of the potential difference of the equipotential connection paths and provides a rectified voltage between the equipotential busbars.
- the power assembly advantageously has a switching arrangement which is intended to selectively connect at least one of the at least two heating frequency units to at least one of the at least three heating units.
- a “switching arrangement” is to be understood in particular as a unit which has at least one input and at least two outputs and which is intended to electrically connect the input in at least one operating state to at least one of the at least two outputs, in particular by means of a corresponding one Switching position of at least one switching unit and/or a switching unit.
- a number of inputs of the switching arrangement corresponds to a number of heating frequency units of the switching device.
- a number of outputs of the switching arrangement corresponds to a number of heating units.
- a “switching unit” is to be understood in particular as a switching unit which, in a first of at least two switching positions, forms a first line path, in particular from the at least one input to one of the at least two outputs, and in a second of the at least two switching positions a second, from first line path forms a different line path, in particular from the at least one input to the other of the at least two outputs.
- Any switching unit that appears useful to a person skilled in the art can be used as a switching unit, but preferably an electromagnetic relay and/or a semiconductor relay.
- the switching arrangement is part of the power assembly.
- the switching arrangement is intended to "selectively connect at least one of the at least two heating frequency units to at least one of the at least three heating units" should be understood in particular to mean that the switching arrangement is intended, depending on an operating state, to connect one or more heating frequency units with one or several heating units to be electrically connected. In this way, costs can be reduced particularly advantageously, since a number of heating frequency units can be smaller than a number of heating units. Furthermore, new operating modes can be developed, especially when two heating frequency units work together to supply a single heating unit with energy in parallel.
- the power assembly has at most one one-piece heat sink.
- a “heat sink” is intended to mean, in particular, a unit that is specifically designed to cool further components, in particular the at least one heating frequency unit, and is in particular in thermal and preferably in direct mechanical contact with these components.
- the heat sink has in particular a surface area that is at least 5 times, in particular at least 10 times and advantageously at least 20 times larger than a cube of the same volume and in particular comprises at least 3 and preferably at least 5 cooling fins.
- cooling fin there should be an elongated, especially wall or Rod-shaped, component made of a heat-conducting material can be understood, which is connected at least at one point to a base body of the heat sink, in particular in one piece.
- a “base body of the heat sink” is intended to mean, in particular, a component made of a heat-conducting material that has at least one surface that is in thermal contact and preferably in direct mechanical contact with a component to be cooled.
- the entire heat sink preferably consists of a heat-conducting material and in particular has a plate-shaped base body from which cooling fins extend, preferably only on one side of the base body.
- the heat sink can be designed specifically for heat transfer to an air flow flowing along at least one of the surfaces of the heat sink and can preferably have air flow channels through which an air flow is guided to cool the heat sink.
- a “heat-conducting material” is intended to mean, in particular, a material with a thermal conductivity of at least 5 W/m/K, in particular at least 15 W/m/K, advantageously at least 100 W/m/K and particularly advantageously at least 200 W/m/K become.
- “In one piece” should in particular be understood to be at least materially connected, for example by a welding process and/or an adhesive process and/or a molding process and/or another process that appears sensible to a person skilled in the art, and/or advantageously be understood to be formed in one piece, such as, for example, through production from a single casting and/or through production in a single- or multi-component injection molding process and advantageously from a single blank.
- the heat sink is preferably provided for cooling the at least two heating frequency units and is in particular thermally contacted with them.
- the heat sink and at least one further component in particular a heating frequency unit, are "thermally contacted” should be understood in particular to mean that the heat sink and the further component can exchange heat energy in an assembled state and that preferably a heat transfer coefficient of this exchange is greater than a heat transfer coefficient of an exchange of thermal energy between the heat sink and the other component via an air gap.
- the heat sink and the further component are in direct mechanical contact and, in particular, lie directly against one another at least in a partial area and are preferably firmly connected to one another, so that at least 60%, in particular at least 70%, particularly advantageously at least 80% and particularly advantageously at least 90 % of the thermal energy is transferred via one solid-state contact point or several solid-state contact points. This can advantageously reduce costs because only one heat sink is used. Furthermore, weight can be advantageously reduced, which can also minimize transport costs.
- the circuit device advantageously has at most one cooling fan, which is provided for cooling the one-piece heat sink. In this way, costs can be reduced particularly advantageously. Furthermore, energy requirements can be reduced in at least one operating state.
- the hob is preferably an induction hob.
- FIG 1 shows a cooking appliance designed as an induction hob 50a.
- the induction hob 50a comprises a hob plate 52a, in particular made of a glass ceramic, on which heating zones 54a, 56a, 58a, 60a are marked in a known manner.
- the hob plate 52a is arranged horizontally in an operational state of the induction hob 50a and is intended for setting up cooking utensils.
- touch-sensitive operating elements 62a and display elements 64a of an operator interface 66a of the induction hob 50a are marked on the hob plate 52a in a known manner.
- the induction hob 50a further comprises a circuit device with four independent heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a designed as inductor coils (cf. Figure 2 ).
- the heating unit 14a is arranged below the heating zone 54a.
- the heating unit 16a is arranged below the heating zone 56a.
- the heating unit 18a is arranged below the heating zone 58a.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of the circuit device of the induction hob 50a.
- the induction hob 50a and in particular the circuit device are intended to be connected to exactly two conductors 28a, 29a of a power supply network 26a.
- the two conductors 28a, 29a are an external conductor 68a and a neutral conductor 70a of the power supply network 26a.
- the induction hob 50a and in particular the circuit device comprise exactly one filter unit 72a.
- One between the external conductor 68a and the neutral conductor 70a, which has an effective value of approximately 230 V in Europe, is supplied to the filter unit 72a.
- the filter unit 72a is designed as a separate filter assembly 10a of the circuit device in the form of a circuit board equipped with electronic components.
- the filter assembly 10a is intended to be connected to the two conductors 28a, 29a of the power supply network 26a.
- the filter unit 72a is essentially a low-pass filter that eliminates high-frequency noise in at least one operating state.
- a structure of the filter unit 72a for example, refer to the international application WO 2010/069616 A1 referred.
- the induction hob 50a and in particular the circuit device also comprise exactly one power assembly 12a designed as a populated circuit board.
- the power assembly 12a includes exactly one rectifier 48a, exactly one bus capacitor unit 74a made of one or more interconnected bus capacitors, exactly two heating frequency units 34a, exactly one switching arrangement 36a, exactly one power supply unit 38a, exactly one control unit 40a and exactly one one-piece heat sink 44a.
- the heat sink 44a is made of aluminum.
- the two heating frequency units 34a and rectifier diodes of the rectifier 48a are thermally contacted with the heat sink 44a by adhesive bonding.
- the induction hob 50a and in particular the circuit device comprise exactly one cooling fan 46a, which is intended to cool the heat sink 44a by means of a cooling air flow.
- the induction hob 50a and in particular the circuit device comprise exactly two equipotential connection paths 22a, 24a, which connect the filter assembly 10a and the power assembly 12a to one another in an electrically conductive manner.
- all of the energy transmitted from the filter assembly 10a to the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a is transmitted via the equipotential connection paths 22a, 24a.
- the filter unit 72a and the rectifier 48a are electrically conductively connected to one another via the equipotential connection paths 22a, 24a.
- the filter unit 72a and an input of the power supply unit 38a are electrically conductively connected to one another via the equipotential connection paths 22a, 24a.
- the rectifier 48a rectifies the electrical alternating voltage from the power supply network 26a and provides it as a rectified bus voltage for the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a between exactly two rectified equipotential busbars 30a, 32a of the power module 12a.
- the bus capacitor unit 74a is arranged between the equipotential busbars 30a, 32a.
- the two heating frequency units 34a pick up this rectified bus voltage on the two equipotential busbars 30a, 32a in at least one operating state.
- the heating frequency units 34a each include an inverter which, in a known manner, generates a high-frequency alternating voltage with a frequency of at least 15 kHz from the rectified bus voltage for operation of the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a. Outputs of the two heating frequency units 34a are connected to the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a via the switching arrangement 36a.
- the switching arrangement 36a allows one of the heating frequency units 34a to be assigned to one or more of the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a. Furthermore, the switching arrangement 36a allows both heating frequency units 34a to be assigned to one of the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a in order to increase performance during a parboiling process.
- the switching arrangement 36a is intended to carry out a time division multiplex operation.
- one of the heating frequency units 34a is assigned to a period duration of a first group of heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a during a first subinterval of a period and to a second group of the first group during a second subinterval of the period duration, which is designed differently from the first subinterval assigned to differently designed groups of heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a.
- the switching arrangement 36a includes six electromagnetic relays. Alternatively, the electromagnetic relays can be replaced by solid-state relays. Alternatively or additionally, the switching arrangement 36a can also enable the two heating frequency units 34a to be assigned to several heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a at the same time.
- heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a are thus supplied with energy in a known manner.
- the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a are in Figure 2 only shown schematically, with no representation of the resonance capacitors assigned to the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a.
- the power supply unit 38a is intended to transform and rectify the alternating voltage of the power supply network 26a.
- the power supply unit 38a has several outputs at which different DC voltages are provided in at least one operating state to supply further electrical consumers.
- the power supply unit 38a is at least intended to supply the control unit 40a with energy.
- the control unit 40a comprises a microprocessor and is intended for controlling and regulating the induction hob 50a and in particular components of the circuit device, as in Figure 2 shown schematically by dashed lines.
- the power supply unit 38a is intended to supply the operator interface 66a, driver units of the two heating frequency units 34a, temperature, voltage and current measuring units as well as the cooling fan 46a with energy (not shown in Figure 2 ).
- the power supply unit 38a can be provided for supplying energy to further consumers that appear useful to a person skilled in the art. All outputs of the power supply unit 38a have a common reference potential 42a, which corresponds to a potential of the equipotential busbar 32a.
- the circuit device can be significantly simplified, since, for example, potential isolation that would otherwise be necessary can be dispensed with.
- FIG. 3 Another embodiment of the invention is shown.
- the following description is essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments, with regard to the same components, features and functions being referred to the description of the other exemplary embodiment, in particular the Figures 1 and 2 , can be referenced.
- the letter a is in the reference numerals of the exemplary embodiment in the Figures 1 and 2 by the letter b in the reference numbers of the exemplary embodiment Figure 3 replaced.
- components with the same designation in particular with regard to components with the same reference numerals, one can in principle also refer to the drawings and/or the description of the exemplary embodiment Figures 1 and 2 to get expelled.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of another circuit device of an induction hob 50b.
- the induction hob 50b and in particular the circuit device are also intended for connection to exactly two conductors 28b, 29b of a power supply network 26b.
- the two conductors 28b, 29b are two outer conductors 68b, 69b of the three-phase power supply network 26b.
- an electrical alternating voltage present between the outer conductors 68b, 69b which in Europe has an effective value of approximately 400 V, is fed to a corresponding filter assembly 10b.
- the basic structure of the induction hob 50b and the associated circuit device is identical to the basic structure of the previous exemplary embodiment.
- the electronic components of the circuit device are simply adapted to the higher alternating voltage between the two conductors 28b, 29b of the power supply network 26b.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Induction Heating Cooking Devices (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
- Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Schaltungsvorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention is based on a circuit device according to the preamble of claim 1.
Dokumente
Es sind Schaltungsvorrichtungen für Induktionskochfelder bekannt, die zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten zur Versorgung von drei oder vier unabhängigen Induktionsheizeinheiten mit hochfrequentem Wechselstrom umfassen.Circuit devices for induction hobs are known which include two heating frequency units for supplying three or four independent induction heating units with high-frequency alternating current.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht insbesondere darin, eine kostengünstige gattungsgemäße Schaltungsvorrichtung bereitzustellen, welche vorteilhaft einfach realisierbar ist. Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst, während vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung den Unteransprüchen entnommen werden können.The object of the invention is, in particular, to provide a cost-effective generic circuit device which is advantageously easy to implement. The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claim 1, while advantageous refinements and developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Schaltungsvorrichtung mit zumindest zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten zur Energieversorgung von zumindest drei unabhängigen Heizeinheiten.The invention is based on a circuit device with at least two heating frequency units for supplying energy to at least three independent heating units.
Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Schaltungsvorrichtung eine Stromversorgungseinheit umfasst, deren Ausgänge nur ein einziges Referenzpotential aufweisen. Unter "vorgesehen" soll insbesondere speziell ausgelegt und/oder ausgestattet und/oder programmiert verstanden werden. Unter einer "Heizfrequenzeinheit" soll insbesondere eine elektrische Einheit verstanden werden, die einen oszillierenden elektrischen Strom, vorzugsweise mit einer Frequenz von zumindest 15 kHz, insbesondere von wenigstens 17 kHz und vorteilhaft von mindestens 20 kHz, zu einem Betrieb der wenigstens drei Heizeinheiten erzeugt. Die Heizfrequenzeinheit umfasst insbesondere zumindest einen Wechselrichter, der vorzugsweise zwei Schalteinheiten umfasst. Unter einer "Schalteinheit" soll insbesondere eine Einheit verstanden werden, die dazu vorgesehen ist, in einer von wenigstens zwei Schaltstellungen einen zumindest einen Teil der Schalteinheit umfassenden Leitungspfad zu unterbrechen. Unter einem "Leitungspfad" soll insbesondere eine elektrisch leitende Verbindungseinheit zwischen zwei Punkten verstanden werden. Unter "elektrisch leitend" soll insbesondere mit einem spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand von höchstens 10-4 Ωm, insbesondere von maximal 10-5 Ωm, vorteilhaft von höchstens 10-6 Ωm und besonders vorteilhaft von maximal 10-7 Ωm bei 20°C verstanden werden. Vorzugsweise ist die Schalteinheit ein bidirektionaler unipolarer Schalter, der insbesondere einen Stromfluss durch den Schalter entlang dem Leitungspfad in beide Richtungen ermöglicht und der insbesondere eine elektrische Spannung in zumindest einer Polungsrichtung kurzschließt. Vorzugsweise umfasst der Wechselrichter zumindest zwei Bipolartransistoren mit isolierter Gate-Elektrode und besonders vorteilhaft zumindest einen Dämpfungskondensator. Unter einer "Heizeinheit" soll insbesondere eine Einheit verstanden werden, die dazu vorgesehen ist, elektrische Energie zumindest zu einem Großteil in Wärme umzuwandeln und damit insbesondere ein Gargut zu erhitzen. Insbesondere umfasst die Heizeinheit einen Strahlungsheizkörper, einen Widerstandsheizkörper und/oder vorzugsweise einen Induktionsheizkörper, der dazu vorgesehen ist, elektrische Energie indirekt über induzierte Wirbelströme in Wärme umzuwandeln. Unter "zumindest drei unabhängigen Heizeinheiten" sollen insbesondere Heizeinheiten verstanden werden, die in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand von elektrischen Strömen verschiedener Effektivstromstärke durchflossen werden.It is proposed that the circuit device comprises a power supply unit whose outputs only have a single reference potential. The term “intended” is intended to mean, in particular, specifically designed and/or equipped and/or programmed. A “heating frequency unit” is to be understood in particular as an electrical unit which generates an oscillating electrical current, preferably with a frequency of at least 15 kHz, in particular of at least 17 kHz and advantageously of at least 20 kHz, for operating the at least three heating units. The heating frequency unit in particular comprises at least one inverter, which preferably comprises two switching units. A “switching unit” is to be understood in particular as a unit which is intended to interrupt a line path comprising at least part of the switching unit in one of at least two switching positions. A “line path” is to be understood in particular as an electrically conductive connection unit between two points. “Electrically conductive” is to be understood in particular as having a specific electrical resistance of at most 10 -4 Ωm, in particular at most 10 -5 Ωm, advantageously at most 10 -6 Ωm and particularly advantageously at most 10 -7 Ωm at 20 ° C. Preferably, the switching unit is a bidirectional unipolar switch, which in particular enables current to flow through the switch along the line path in both directions and which, in particular, short-circuits an electrical voltage in at least one polarity direction. The inverter preferably comprises at least two bipolar transistors with insulated gate electrodes and particularly advantageously at least one damping capacitor. A “heating unit” is intended to mean, in particular, a unit that is intended to convert at least a large part of electrical energy into heat and thus in particular to heat a food item to be cooked. In particular, the heating unit comprises a radiant heater, a resistance heater and/or preferably an induction heater, which is intended to convert electrical energy into heat indirectly via induced eddy currents. “At least three independent heating units” should be understood to mean, in particular, heating units through which electrical currents of different effective current flow in at least one operating state.
Unter einer "Stromversorgungseinheit" soll insbesondere eine elektronische Einheit verstanden werden, die dazu vorgesehen ist, zumindest eine weitere Einheit mit Energie zu versorgen, die eine andere als eine von einem Stromversorgungsnetz bereitgestellte Spannung benötigt. Es wird in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand an zumindest einem Ausgang der Stromversorgungseinheit eine Gleichspannung bereitgestellt. Die Stromversorgungseinheit weist mehrere Ausgänge auf, an denen unterschiedliche Gleichspannungen abgreifbar sind. Die Stromversorgungseinheit ist Teil einer Leistungsbaugruppe. Vorzugsweise ist die Stromversorgungseinheit zur Energieversorgung von zumindest einer Steuereinheit und/oder wenigstens einer Treibereinheit der zumindest zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten und/oder einer Bedienerschnittstelle und/oder zumindest einer Messeinheit, insbesondere einer Temperatur- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Strommesseinheit, und/oder zumindest eines Kühllüfters vorgesehen. Unter einer "Steuereinheit" soll insbesondere eine elektronische Einheit verstanden werden, die eine Recheneinheit und insbesondere zusätzlich zur Recheneinheit eine Speichereinheit mit einem darin gespeicherten Steuerprogramm umfasst. Vorzugsweise ist die Steuereinheit zumindest dazu vorgesehen, die zumindest eine Heizfrequenzeinheit mit Hilfe von Steuersignalen zu steuern und/oder zu regeln. Die Steuereinheit ist vorzugsweise Teil der Leistungsbaugruppe.A “power supply unit” is intended to mean, in particular, an electronic unit that is intended to supply energy to at least one further unit that requires a voltage other than a voltage provided by a power supply network. In at least one operating state, a direct voltage is provided at at least one output of the power supply unit. The power supply unit has several outputs from which different DC voltages can be tapped. The power supply unit is part of a power module. Preferably, the power supply unit is for supplying energy to at least one control unit and/or at least one driver unit of the at least two heating frequency units and/or an operator interface and/or at least one measuring unit, in particular a temperature and/or voltage and/or current measuring unit, and/or at least a cooling fan is provided. A “control unit” is to be understood in particular as an electronic unit which comprises a computing unit and, in particular, in addition to the computing unit, a storage unit with a control program stored therein. Preferably, the control unit is at least intended to control and/or regulate the at least one heating frequency unit with the aid of control signals. The control unit is preferably part of the power assembly.
Durch eine solche Ausgestaltung kann eine kostengünstige Schaltungsvorrichtung bereitzustellt werden, welche insbesondere vorteilhaft einfach realisierbar ist. Insbesondere kann auf Potentialtrennungen verzichtet werden.With such a configuration, a cost-effective circuit device can be provided, which is particularly advantageously easy to implement. In particular, potential isolation can be dispensed with.
Vorteilhaft ist die Schaltungsvorrichtung zu einem Anschluss an höchstens zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes vorgesehen. Unter einem "Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes" soll insbesondere entweder ein Außenleiter oder ein, insbesondere von einem reinen Schutzleiter unterschiedlich ausgebildeter, Neutralleiter verstanden werden. Darunter, dass die Schaltungsvorrichtung "zu einem Anschluss an höchstens zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes vorgesehen ist", soll insbesondere verstanden werden, dass die Schaltungsvorrichtung derart ausgelegt ist, dass ein Betrieb entweder nur an genau einem Außenleiter und genau einem Neutralleiter oder nur an genau zwei Außenleitern eines Stromversorgungsnetzes möglich ist. Eine Schaltungsvorrichtung, welche an mehr als zwei Leitern betreibbar ist, insbesondere an wenigstens zwei Außenleitern und zumindest einem Neutralleiter, jedoch nur an zwei Leitern eines Stromversorgungsnetzes betrieben wird, soll insbesondere zu einem Anschluss an zumindest zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes vorgesehen sein. Durch den Anschluss an höchstens zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes können weitere Kosteneinsparungen ermöglicht werden, da eine Filterbaugruppe, die Steuereinheit und die Stromversorgungseinheit entsprechend optimiert werden können. Wenn die Schaltungsvorrichtung genau zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten aufweist, kann eine besonders kostengünstige Schaltungsvorrichtung bereitgestellt werden. Da die Schaltungsvorrichtung zu einem Anschluss an nur zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes vorgesehen ist, sind zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten zum Erreichen einer maximal aus den zwei Leitern beziehbaren Leistung ausreichend. Es hat sich bei Gargeräten, insbesondere bei Kochfeldern, gezeigt, dass die aus zwei Leitern, insbesondere einem Außenleiter und einem Neutralleiter, eines Stromversorgungsnetzes maximal beziehbare Leistung für einen alltäglichen Betrieb des Gargeräts ausreichend ist. Nur in den seltensten Fällen übersteigt eine von einem Bediener angeforderte Heizleistung die aus dem Stromversorgungsnetz maximal beziehbare Leistung. Daher kann trotz einer Reduktion auf zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten und einem Anschluss an nur zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes ein vorteilhaft hoher Bedienkomfort erzielt werden.The circuit device is advantageously provided for connection to a maximum of two conductors of a power supply network. A “conductor of a power supply network” should in particular be understood to mean either an external conductor or a neutral conductor, in particular a neutral conductor which is designed differently from a pure protective conductor. The fact that the circuit device is "intended to be connected to a maximum of two conductors of a power supply network" should be understood in particular to mean that the circuit device is designed in such a way that operation is possible either only on exactly one external conductor and exactly one neutral conductor or only on exactly two external conductors of a power supply network is possible. A switching device that can be operated on more than two conductors, in particular on at least two external conductors and at least one neutral conductor, but only on two conductors of a power supply network, should in particular be provided for a connection to at least two conductors of a power supply network. By connecting to a maximum of two conductors of a power supply network, further cost savings can be achieved because a filter assembly, the control unit and the power supply unit can be optimized accordingly. If the circuit device has exactly two heating frequency units, a particularly cost-effective circuit device can be provided. Since the circuit device is intended to be connected to only two conductors of a power supply network, two heating frequency units are sufficient to achieve a maximum power that can be obtained from the two conductors. In the case of cooking appliances, in particular hobs, it has been shown that the maximum power that can be obtained from two conductors, in particular an outer conductor and a neutral conductor, of a power supply network is sufficient for everyday operation of the cooking appliance. Only in the rarest of cases does a heating output requested by an operator exceed the maximum output that can be obtained from the power supply network. Therefore, despite a reduction to two heating frequency units and a connection to only two conductors of a power supply network, an advantageously high level of operating comfort can be achieved.
Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Schaltungsvorrichtung eine Leistungsbaugruppe umfasst, welche die zumindest zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten und die Stromversorgungseinheit aufweist. Unter einer "Baugruppe" soll insbesondere eine Montageeinheit mit mehreren Bauteilen verstanden werden, die dazu vorgesehen sind, zu einer Einheit vormontiert zu werden, um insbesondere als Ganzes in eine weitere Einheit montiert zu werden. Bei der Baugruppe handelt es sich um eine mit elektronischen Bauteilen bestückte Leiterplatte. Unter einer "Leistungsbaugruppe" soll insbesondere eine Baugruppe verstanden werden, die dazu vorgesehen ist, die zumindest drei Heizeinheiten mit elektrischer Leistung zu versorgen und vorzugsweise eine Einstellung der elektrischen Leistung der zumindest drei Heizeinheiten vorzunehmen. Vorzugsweise führt die Leistungsbaugruppe in zumindest einem Betriebszustand eine Frequenzwandlung durch und wandelt insbesondere eine eingangsseitige niederfrequente Wechselspannung in eine ausgangsseitige hochfrequente Wechselspannung um. Unter einer "niederfrequenten Wechselspannung" soll eine Wechselspannung mit einer Frequenz von höchstens 100 Hz verstanden werden. Unter einer "hochfrequenten Wechselspannung" soll eine Wechselspannung mit einer Frequenz von mindestens 1000 Hz verstanden werden. Vorzugsweise ist die Leistungsbaugruppe dazu vorgesehen, die Einstellung der elektrischen Leistung der zumindest drei Heizeinheiten zumindest durch Einstellung der hochfrequenten Wechselspannung vorzunehmen. Vorzugsweise umfasst die Leistungsbaugruppe ferner zumindest einen Gleichrichter. Hierdurch kann ein Montageaufwand vorteilhaft reduziert werden, da eine Vormontage der Leistungsbaugruppe stattfinden kann. Des Weiteren können vorteilhafte elektronische und thermische Eigenschaften erzielt werden, wenn Leistungselektronikkomponenten in einer Leistungsbaugruppe vereint sind. Insbesondere kann eine vorteilhafte Kühlung der Leistungselektronikkomponenten, insbesondere des Gleichrichters und der zumindest zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten, erreicht werden.According to the invention, it is proposed that the circuit device comprises a power assembly which has the at least two heating frequency units and the power supply unit. An “assembly” is intended to mean, in particular, an assembly unit with several components that are intended to be pre-assembled into a unit, in particular to be assembled as a whole into a further unit. The assembly is a printed circuit board equipped with electronic components. A “power assembly” is intended to mean, in particular, an assembly that is intended to supply the at least three heating units with electrical power and preferably to adjust the electrical power of the at least three heating units. The power module preferably carries out a frequency conversion in at least one operating state and in particular converts a low-frequency alternating voltage on the input side into a high-frequency alternating voltage on the output side. A “low-frequency alternating voltage” should be understood to mean an alternating voltage with a frequency of at most 100 Hz. A “high-frequency alternating voltage” should be understood to mean an alternating voltage with a frequency of at least 1000 Hz. The power assembly is preferably intended to adjust the electrical power of the at least three heating units at least by adjusting the high-frequency alternating voltage. Preferably, the power assembly further comprises at least one rectifier. As a result, assembly effort can be advantageously reduced, since pre-assembly of the power module can take place. Furthermore, advantageous electronic and thermal properties can be achieved when power electronic components are combined in a power assembly. In particular, advantageous cooling of the power electronic components, in particular the rectifier and the at least two heating frequency units, can be achieved.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Schaltungsvorrichtung eine Filterbaugruppe umfasst, die zu einem Anschluss an höchstens zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes vorgesehen ist. Unter einer "Filterbaugruppe" soll insbesondere eine Baugruppe verstanden werden, welche in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand zumindest eine Filterfunktion, vorzugsweise eine Tiefpass-Filterfunktion zur Minimierung von hochfrequentem Rauschen, übernimmt. Besonders vorteilhaft übernimmt die Filterbaugruppe zusätzlich eine Überspannungsschutzfunktion, vorzugsweise mittels eines Varistors. Die Filterbaugruppe umfasst insbesondere zumindest eine Drossel, insbesondere eine stromkompensierte Drossel, und/oder zumindest einen Kondensator und/oder zumindest einen Varistor. Vorzugsweise ist die Filterbaugruppe leitungstechnisch betrachtet zwischen einem Anschluss an das Stromversorgungsnetz und dem Gleichrichter angeordnet. Vorzugsweise ist die Filterbaugruppe dazu vorgesehen, eine Filterung der Leistungsbaugruppe vorzunehmen. Darunter, dass "die Filterbaugruppe zu einem Anschluss an höchstens zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes vorgesehen ist", soll insbesondere verstanden werden, dass die Filterbaugruppe derart ausgelegt ist, dass ein Betrieb entweder nur an genau einem Außenleiter und genau einem Neutralleiter oder nur an genau zwei Außenleitern eines Stromversorgungsnetzes möglich ist. Eine Filterbaugruppe, welche an mehr als zwei Leitern betreibbar ist, insbesondere an zwei Außenleitern und einem Außen leitern und einem Neutralleiter, jedoch nur an zwei Leitern eines Stromversorgungsnetzes betrieben wird, soll insbesondere zu einem Anschluss an zumindest zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes vorgesehen sein. Hierdurch kann ein Montageaufwand vorteilhaft reduziert werden. Des Weiteren können Kosten gesenkt werden, da eine kommerziell erhältliche Filterbaugruppe zum Einsatz kommen kann.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the circuit device comprises a filter assembly which is intended for connection to a maximum of two conductors of a power supply network. A “filter assembly” is to be understood in particular as an assembly which, in at least one operating state, takes on at least one filter function, preferably a low-pass filter function to minimize high-frequency noise. Particularly advantageously, the filter assembly also takes on an overvoltage protection function, preferably by means of a varistor. The filter assembly in particular comprises at least one choke, in particular a current-compensated choke, and/or at least one capacitor and/or at least one varistor. In terms of line technology, the filter assembly is preferably arranged between a connection to the power supply network and the rectifier. The filter assembly is preferably intended to carry out filtering of the power assembly. The fact that "the filter assembly is intended to be connected to a maximum of two conductors of a power supply network" should be understood in particular to mean that the filter assembly is designed in such a way that operation is possible either only on exactly one external conductor and exactly one neutral conductor or only on exactly two external conductors of a power supply network is possible. A filter assembly, which can be operated on more than two conductors, in particular on two external conductors and one external conductor and a neutral conductor, but is only operated on two conductors of a power supply network, should in particular be provided for connection to at least two conductors of a power supply network. As a result, assembly effort can be advantageously reduced. Furthermore, costs can be reduced because a commercially available filter assembly can be used.
Vorteilhaft weist die Schaltungsvorrichtung höchstens zwei Äquipotentialverbindungspfade zwischen der Filterbaugruppe und der Leistungsbaugruppe auf, die zur Übertragung zumindest eines Großteils der Energie von der Filterbaugruppe zu den zumindest drei Heizeinheiten vorgesehen sind. Unter einem "Äquipotentialverbindungspfad" soll insbesondere eine Gesamtheit aller Leitungspfade mit zumindest im Wesentlichen gleichem Potential zwischen zwei Baugruppen, insbesondere zwischen der Filterbaugruppe und der Leistungsbaugruppe, verstanden werden. Eine "Gesamtheit aller Leitungspfade mit zumindest im Wesentlichen gleichem Potential" umfasst insbesondere alle Leitungspfade, deren elektrische Potentiale sich zu jedem Zeitpunkt untereinander um höchstens 10%, vorzugsweise um maximal 5% und besonders vorteilhaft um höchstens 2% unterscheiden. Unter einer "Potentialdifferenz" soll insbesondere eine Differenz zweier Potentiale verstanden werden. Unter einem "Potential eines Äquipotentialverbindungspfads" zu einem Zeitpunkt soll insbesondere ein räumlich gemitteltes Potential des Äquipotentialverbindungspfads zu diesem Zeitpunkt verstanden werden. Darunter, dass die höchstens zwei Äquipotentialverbindungspfade "zur Übertragung zumindest eines Großteils der Energie von der Filterbaugruppe zu den zumindest drei Heizeinheiten vorgesehen sind", soll insbesondere verstanden werden, dass in jedem beliebigen Betriebszustand, in welchem wenigstens eine der zumindest drei Heizeinheiten betrieben wird, durch die höchstens zwei Äquipotentialverbindungspfade jeweils ein Strom gleicher Effektivstromstärke fließt, wobei ein Produkt aus der Effektivstromstärke und einem Effektivwert einer Potentialdifferenz zwischen den höchstens zwei Äquipotentialverbindungspfaden, abzüglich einer Leistung, welche anderen, von den betriebenen Heizeinheiten verschiedenen Verbrauchern zugeführt wird, sich höchstens um 20%, vorzugsweise maximal um 10% und besonders vorteilhaft höchstens um 5% von einer Summe von zeitlich gemittelten Heizleistungen der betriebenen Heizeinheiten unterscheidet. Unter einer "zeitlich gemittelten Heizleistung" einer betriebenen Heizeinheit soll insbesondere ein Produkt aus einer durch die Heizeinheit fließenden Effektivstromstärke und einer an der Heizeinheit anliegenden Effektivspannung verstanden werden. Hierdurch kann ein Montageaufwand vorteilhaft reduziert werden.The circuit device advantageously has at most two equipotential connection paths between the filter assembly and the power assembly, which are provided for transmitting at least a large part of the energy from the filter assembly to the at least three heating units. An “equipotential connection path” is intended to mean, in particular, a totality of all line paths with at least essentially the same potential between two assemblies, in particular between the filter assembly and the power assembly. A "totality of all line paths with at least essentially the same potential" includes in particular all line paths whose electrical potentials differ from one another at any time by a maximum of 10%, preferably by a maximum of 5% and particularly advantageously a maximum of 2%. A “potential difference” is to be understood in particular as a difference between two potentials. A “potential of an equipotential connection path” at a point in time is intended to mean, in particular, a spatially averaged potential of the equipotential connection path at this point in time. The fact that the maximum two equipotential connection paths "are provided for the transmission of at least a large part of the energy from the filter assembly to the at least three heating units" should be understood in particular to mean that in any operating state in which at least one of the at least three heating units is operated A current of the same effective current flows through the maximum two equipotential connection paths, whereby a product of the effective current and an effective value of a potential difference between the maximum two equipotential connection paths, minus a power which is supplied to other consumers different from the heating units operated, is at most 20%, preferably differs by a maximum of 10% and particularly advantageously by a maximum of 5% from a sum of time-averaged heating outputs of the operated heating units. A “time-averaged heating output” of an operated heating unit is to be understood in particular as a product of an effective current flowing through the heating unit and an effective voltage applied to the heating unit. As a result, assembly effort can be advantageously reduced.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Filterbaugruppe zu einem Anschluss an zwei Außenleiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes vorgesehen ist. Hierdurch kann eine höhere Betriebsspannung erreicht werden.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the filter assembly is provided for connection to two outer conductors of a power supply network. This allows a higher operating voltage to be achieved.
Ferner wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Leistungsbaugruppe genau zwei gleichgerichtete Äquipotentialstromschienen aufweist, zwischen denen in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand eine Versorgungsspannung für die zumindest drei unabhängigen Heizeinheiten abgegriffen wird. Unter einer "Äquipotentialstromschiene" soll insbesondere eine Gesamtheit aller Leitungspfade mit zumindest im Wesentlichen gleichem elektrischem Potential verstanden werden. Unter "zwei gleichgerichteten Äquipotentialstromschienen" sollen insbesondere zwei Äquipotentialstromschienen mit einer Potentialdifferenz ihrer Potentiale verstanden werden, welche für jeden Zeitpunkt ein gleiches Vorzeichen aufweist. Unter einem "Potential einer Äquipotentialstromschiene" zu einem Zeitpunkt soll insbesondere ein räumlich gemitteltes Potential der Äquipotentialstromschiene zu diesem Zeitpunkt verstanden werden. Vorzugsweise umfasst die Schaltungsvorrichtung und vorzugsweise die Leistungsbaugruppe der Schaltungsvorrichtung genau einen Gleichrichter, vorzugsweise einen Brückengleichrichter, der in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand eine Gleichrichtung der Potentialdifferenz der Äquipotentialverbindungspfade durchführt und eine gleichgerichtete Spannung zwischen den Äquipotentialstromschienen bereitstellt. Hierdurch können Kosten vorteilhaft gesenkt werden, da die Leistungsbaugruppe vereinfacht werden kann und insbesondere nur ein Gleichrichter benötigt wird.Furthermore, it is proposed that the power assembly has exactly two rectified equipotential busbars, between which a supply voltage for the at least three independent heating units is tapped in at least one operating state. An “equipotential busbar” is intended to mean, in particular, a totality of all line paths with at least essentially the same electrical potential. “Two rectified equipotential busbars” should be understood to mean, in particular, two equipotential busbars with a potential difference between their potentials, which has the same sign for every point in time. A “potential of an equipotential busbar” at a point in time should be understood to mean, in particular, a spatially averaged potential of the equipotential busbar at that point in time. Preferably, the circuit device and preferably the power module of the circuit device comprises exactly one rectifier, preferably a bridge rectifier, which in at least one operating state carries out a rectification of the potential difference of the equipotential connection paths and provides a rectified voltage between the equipotential busbars. As a result, costs can be advantageously reduced since the power assembly can be simplified and in particular only one rectifier is required.
Vorteilhaft weist die Leistungsbaugruppe eine Schaltanordnung auf, die dazu vorgesehen ist, wenigstens eine der zumindest zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten wahlweise mit wenigstens einer der zumindest drei Heizeinheiten zu verbinden. Unter einer "Schaltanordnung" soll insbesondere eine Einheit verstanden werden, die wenigstens einen Eingang und zumindest zwei Ausgänge aufweist und die dazu vorgesehen ist, den Eingang in zumindest einem Betriebszustand wahlweise mit wenigstens einem der zumindest zwei Ausgänge elektrisch leitend zu verbinden, insbesondere durch eine entsprechende Schaltstellung wenigstens einer Schalteinheit und/oder einer Umschalteinheit. Vorzugsweise entspricht eine Anzahl von Eingängen der Schaltanordnung einer Anzahl von Heizfrequenzeinheiten der Schaltvorrichtung. Vorzugsweise entspricht eine Anzahl von Ausgängen der Schaltanordnung einer Anzahl von Heizeinheiten. Unter einer "Umschalteinheit" soll insbesondere eine Schalteinheit verstanden werden, die in einer ersten von wenigstens zwei Schaltstellungen einen ersten Leitungspfad, insbesondere von dem wenigstens einen Eingang zu einem der zumindest zwei Ausgänge, bildet und in einer zweiten der wenigstens zwei Schaltstellungen einen zweiten, vom ersten Leitungspfad verschiedenen Leitungspfad, insbesondere von dem wenigstens einen Eingang zu dem anderen der zumindest zwei Ausgänge, bildet. Als Umschalteinheit kommt jede, einem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinende Umschalteinheit in Frage, vorzugsweise jedoch ein elektromagnetisches Relais und/oder ein Halbleiterrelais. Vorzugsweise ist die Schaltanordnung Teil der Leistungsbaugruppe. Darunter, dass die Schaltanordnung dazu vorgesehen ist, "wenigstens eine der zumindest zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten wahlweise mit wenigstens einer der zumindest drei Heizeinheiten zu verbinden", soll insbesondere verstanden werden, dass die Schaltanordnung abhängig von einem Betriebszustand dazu vorgesehen ist, eine oder mehrere Heizfrequenzeinheiten mit einer oder mehreren Heizeinheiten elektrisch leitend zu verbinden. Hierdurch können Kosten besonders vorteilhaft gesenkt werden, da eine Anzahl Heizfrequenzeinheiten kleiner ausfallen kann als eine Anzahl Heizeinheiten. Des Weiteren können neue Betriebsarten erschlossen werden, insbesondere wenn zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten gemeinsam parallel eine einzelne Heizeinheit mit Energie versorgen.The power assembly advantageously has a switching arrangement which is intended to selectively connect at least one of the at least two heating frequency units to at least one of the at least three heating units. A “switching arrangement” is to be understood in particular as a unit which has at least one input and at least two outputs and which is intended to electrically connect the input in at least one operating state to at least one of the at least two outputs, in particular by means of a corresponding one Switching position of at least one switching unit and/or a switching unit. Preferably, a number of inputs of the switching arrangement corresponds to a number of heating frequency units of the switching device. Preferably, a number of outputs of the switching arrangement corresponds to a number of heating units. A "switching unit" is to be understood in particular as a switching unit which, in a first of at least two switching positions, forms a first line path, in particular from the at least one input to one of the at least two outputs, and in a second of the at least two switching positions a second, from first line path forms a different line path, in particular from the at least one input to the other of the at least two outputs. Any switching unit that appears useful to a person skilled in the art can be used as a switching unit, but preferably an electromagnetic relay and/or a semiconductor relay. Preferably, the switching arrangement is part of the power assembly. The fact that the switching arrangement is intended to "selectively connect at least one of the at least two heating frequency units to at least one of the at least three heating units" should be understood in particular to mean that the switching arrangement is intended, depending on an operating state, to connect one or more heating frequency units with one or several heating units to be electrically connected. In this way, costs can be reduced particularly advantageously, since a number of heating frequency units can be smaller than a number of heating units. Furthermore, new operating modes can be developed, especially when two heating frequency units work together to supply a single heating unit with energy in parallel.
Des Weiteren wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Leistungsbaugruppe höchstens einen einstückigen Kühlkörper aufweist. Unter einem "Kühlkörper" soll insbesondere eine Einheit verstanden werden, die gezielt zur Kühlung weiterer Bauteile, insbesondere der zumindest einen Heizfrequenzeinheit, ausgebildet ist und insbesondere mit diesen Bauteilen in thermischem und vorzugsweise in direktem mechanischem Kontakt steht. Der Kühlkörper weist zur Abgabe von Wärmeenergie an die Umgebung insbesondere eine zumindest 5-fach, insbesondere wenigstens 10-fach und vorteilhaft wenigstens 20-fach größere Oberfläche auf als ein Würfel gleichen Volumens und umfasst insbesondere zumindest 3 und vorzugsweise wenigstens 5 Kühlrippen. Hierbei soll unter einer "Kühlrippe" ein längliches, insbesondere wand- oder stabförmiges, Bauelement aus einem wärmeleitenden Material verstanden werden, das zumindest an einer Stelle mit einem Grundkörper des Kühlkörpers, insbesondere einstückig, verbunden ist. Unter einem "Grundkörper des Kühlkörpers" soll insbesondere ein Bauelement aus einem wärmeleitenden Material verstanden werden, das zumindest eine Oberfläche aufweist, die in thermischem Kontakt und vorzugsweise in direktem mechanischem Kontakt mit einem zu kühlenden Bauteil steht. Vorzugsweise besteht der gesamte Kühlkörper aus einem wärmeleitenden Material und weist insbesondere einen plattenförmigen Grundkörper auf, von dem Kühlrippen, vorzugsweise nur auf einer Seite des Grundkörpers, ausgehen. Insbesondere kann der Kühlkörper speziell zu einem Wärmeübertrag auf eine an zumindest einer der Oberflächen des Kühlkörpers entlangströmende Luftströmung ausgelegt sein und vorzugsweise über Luftströmungskanäle verfügen, durch die eine Luftströmung zur Kühlung des Kühlkörpers geführt wird. Unter einem "wärmeleitenden Material" soll insbesondere ein Material mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit von wenigstens 5 W/m/K, insbesondere zumindest 15 W/m/K, vorteilhaft mindestens 100 W/m/K und besonders vorteilhaft wenigstens 200 W/m/K verstanden werden. Unter "einstückig" soll insbesondere zumindest stoffschlüssig verbunden verstanden werden, beispielsweise durch einen Schweißprozess und/oder einen Klebeprozess und/oder einen Anspritzprozess und/oder einen anderen, einem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinenden Prozess, und/oder vorteilhaft in einem Stück geformt verstanden werden, wie beispielsweise durch eine Herstellung aus einem Guss und/oder durch eine Herstellung in einem Ein- oder Mehrkomponentenspritzverfahren und vorteilhaft aus einem einzelnen Rohling. Vorzugsweise ist der Kühlkörper zur Kühlung der zumindest zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten vorgesehen und ist insbesondere mit diesen thermisch kontaktiert. Darunter, dass der Kühlkörper und zumindest ein weiteres Bauteil, insbesondere eine Heizfrequenzeinheit, "thermisch kontaktiert" sind, soll insbesondere verstanden werden, dass der Kühlkörper und das weitere Bauteil in einem montierten Zustand Wärmeenergie austauschen können und dass vorzugsweise ein Wärmeübergangskoeffizient dieses Austauschs größer ist als ein Wärmeübergangskoeffizient eines Austauschs von Wärmeenergie zwischen dem Kühlkörper und dem weiteren Bauteil über einen Luftspalt. Vorzugsweise stehen der Kühlkörper und das weitere Bauteil in direktem mechanischem Kontakt und liegen insbesondere zumindest in einem Teilbereich unmittelbar aneinander an und sind vorzugsweise fest miteinander verbunden, so dass zumindest 60%, insbesondere zumindest 70%, besonders vorteilhaft wenigstens 80% und besonders vorteilhaft mindestens 90% der Wärmeenergie über eine Festkörperkontaktstelle oder mehrere Festkörperkontaktstellen übertragen werden. Hierdurch können Kosten vorteilhaft gesenkt werden, da nur ein Kühlkörper zum Einsatz kommt. Des Weiteren kann ein Gewicht vorteilhaft reduziert werden, wodurch zusätzlich Transportkosten minimiert werden können.Furthermore, it is suggested that the power assembly has at most one one-piece heat sink. A “heat sink” is intended to mean, in particular, a unit that is specifically designed to cool further components, in particular the at least one heating frequency unit, and is in particular in thermal and preferably in direct mechanical contact with these components. In order to release heat energy to the environment, the heat sink has in particular a surface area that is at least 5 times, in particular at least 10 times and advantageously at least 20 times larger than a cube of the same volume and in particular comprises at least 3 and preferably at least 5 cooling fins. Here, under a “cooling fin” there should be an elongated, especially wall or Rod-shaped, component made of a heat-conducting material can be understood, which is connected at least at one point to a base body of the heat sink, in particular in one piece. A “base body of the heat sink” is intended to mean, in particular, a component made of a heat-conducting material that has at least one surface that is in thermal contact and preferably in direct mechanical contact with a component to be cooled. The entire heat sink preferably consists of a heat-conducting material and in particular has a plate-shaped base body from which cooling fins extend, preferably only on one side of the base body. In particular, the heat sink can be designed specifically for heat transfer to an air flow flowing along at least one of the surfaces of the heat sink and can preferably have air flow channels through which an air flow is guided to cool the heat sink. A “heat-conducting material” is intended to mean, in particular, a material with a thermal conductivity of at least 5 W/m/K, in particular at least 15 W/m/K, advantageously at least 100 W/m/K and particularly advantageously at least 200 W/m/K become. “In one piece” should in particular be understood to be at least materially connected, for example by a welding process and/or an adhesive process and/or a molding process and/or another process that appears sensible to a person skilled in the art, and/or advantageously be understood to be formed in one piece, such as, for example, through production from a single casting and/or through production in a single- or multi-component injection molding process and advantageously from a single blank. The heat sink is preferably provided for cooling the at least two heating frequency units and is in particular thermally contacted with them. The fact that the heat sink and at least one further component, in particular a heating frequency unit, are "thermally contacted" should be understood in particular to mean that the heat sink and the further component can exchange heat energy in an assembled state and that preferably a heat transfer coefficient of this exchange is greater than a heat transfer coefficient of an exchange of thermal energy between the heat sink and the other component via an air gap. Preferably, the heat sink and the further component are in direct mechanical contact and, in particular, lie directly against one another at least in a partial area and are preferably firmly connected to one another, so that at least 60%, in particular at least 70%, particularly advantageously at least 80% and particularly advantageously at least 90 % of the thermal energy is transferred via one solid-state contact point or several solid-state contact points. This can advantageously reduce costs because only one heat sink is used. Furthermore, weight can be advantageously reduced, which can also minimize transport costs.
Vorteilhaft weist die Schaltungsvorrichtung höchstens einen Kühllüfter auf, der zur Kühlung des einstückigen Kühlkörpers vorgesehen ist. Hierdurch können Kosten besonders vorteilhaft gesenkt werden. Des Weiteren kann in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand ein Energiebedarf reduziert werden.The circuit device advantageously has at most one cooling fan, which is provided for cooling the one-piece heat sink. In this way, costs can be reduced particularly advantageously. Furthermore, energy requirements can be reduced in at least one operating state.
Ferner wird ein Gargerät, insbesondere ein Kochfeld, mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsvorrichtung vorgeschlagen. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei dem Kochfeld um ein Induktionskochfeld.Furthermore, a cooking appliance, in particular a hob, with a circuit device according to the invention is proposed. The hob is preferably an induction hob.
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der folgenden Zeichnungsbeschreibung. In der Zeichnung sind zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Die Zeichnung, die Beschreibung und die Ansprüche enthalten zahlreiche Merkmale in Kombination. Der Fachmann wird die Merkmale zweckmäßigerweise auch einzeln betrachten und zu sinnvollen weiteren Kombinationen zusammenfassen.Further advantages result from the following drawing description. Two exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing. The drawing, description and claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will also expediently consider the features individually and combine them into further sensible combinations.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- ein Gargerät mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsvorrichtung in einer Draufsicht,
- Fig. 2
- die Schaltungsvorrichtung aus
Fig. 1 in einer schematischen Blockdarstellung und - Fig. 3
- eine weitere Schaltungsvorrichtung in einer schematischen Blockdarstellung.
- Fig. 1
- a cooking appliance with a circuit device according to the invention in a top view,
- Fig. 2
- the circuit device
Fig. 1 in a schematic block representation and - Fig. 3
- another circuit device in a schematic block representation.
Das Induktionskochfeld 50a und insbesondere die Schaltungsvorrichtung umfassen genau zwei Äquipotentialverbindungspfade 22a, 24a, die die Filterbaugruppe 10a und die Leistungsbaugruppe 12a elektrisch leitend miteinander verbinden. In jedem Betriebszustand, in dem zumindest eine der Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a betrieben wird, wird die gesamte von der Filterbaugruppe 10a zu den Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a übertragene Energie über die Äquipotentialverbindungspfade 22a, 24a übertragen. Die Filtereinheit 72a und der Gleichrichter 48a sind über die Äquipotentialverbindungspfade 22a, 24a elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden. Ferner sind die Filtereinheit 72a und ein Eingang der Stromversorgungseinheit 38a über die Äquipotentialverbindungspfade 22a, 24a elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden. Durch den Gleichrichter 48a wird die elektrische Wechselspannung aus dem Stromversorgungsnetz 26a gleichgerichtet und als gleichgerichtete Busspannung für die Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a zwischen genau zwei gleichgerichteten Äquipotentialstromschienen 30a, 32a der Leistungsbaugruppe 12a bereitgestellt. Zwischen den Äquipotentialstromschienen 30a, 32a ist die Buskondensatoreinheit 74a angeordnet. Die zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten 34a greifen in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand diese gleichgerichtete Busspannung an den zwei Äquipotentialstromschienen 30a, 32a ab. Die Heizfrequenzeinheiten 34a umfassen jeweils einen Wechselrichter, der in bekannter Weise aus der gleichgerichteten Busspannung eine hochfrequente Wechselspannung mit einer Frequenz von zumindest 15 kHz für einen Betrieb der Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a erzeugt. Ausgänge der zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten 34a sind über die Schaltanordnung 36a mit den Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a verbunden.The
Die Schaltanordnung 36a erlaubt eine Zuordnung von einer der Heizfrequenzeinheiten 34a zu einer oder mehreren der Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a. Ferner gestattet die Schaltanordnung 36a eine Zuordnung beider Heizfrequenzeinheiten 34a zu einer der Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a zur Leistungssteigerung während eines Ankochvorgangs. Die Schaltanordnung 36a ist dazu vorgesehen, einen Zeitmultiplexbetrieb durchzuführen. Hierbei wird in einer periodisch wiederkehrenden Sequenz eine der Heizfrequenzeinheiten 34a während eines ersten Teilintervalls einer Periodendauer einer ersten Gruppe von Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a zugeordnet und während eines zweiten, vom ersten Teilintervall unterschiedlich ausgebildeten Teilintervalls der Periodendauer einer zweiten, von der ersten Gruppe unterschiedlich ausgebildeten Gruppe von Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a zugeordnet. Die Schaltanordnung 36a umfasst sechs elektromagnetische Relais. Alternativ können die elektromagnetischen Relais durch Halbleiterrelais ersetzt werden. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Schaltanordnung 36a auch eine gleichzeitige Zuordnung der zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten 34a zu mehreren Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a ermöglichen. Abhängig von einer Schaltstellung der Schaltanordnung 36a werden somit bestimmte Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a in bekannter Weise mit Energie versorgt. Die Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a sind in
Die Stromversorgungseinheit 38a ist dazu vorgesehen, die Wechselspannung des Stromversorgungsnetzes 26a zu transformieren und gleichzurichten. Die Stromversorgungseinheit 38a weist mehrere Ausgänge auf, an denen in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand unterschiedliche Gleichspannungen zur Versorgung weiterer elektrischer Verbraucher bereitgestellt sind. Die Stromversorgungseinheit 38a ist zumindest dazu vorgesehen, die Steuereinheit 40a mit Energie zu versorgen. Die Steuereinheit 40a umfasst einen Mikroprozessor und ist zur Steuerung und Regelung des Induktionskochfelds 50a und insbesondere von Komponenten der Schaltungsvorrichtung vorgesehen, wie in
In der
Claims (8)
- Circuit apparatus with at least two heating frequency units (34a; 34b) for supplying energy to at least three independent heating units (14a, 16a, 18a, 20a; 14b, 16b, 18b, 20b), characterised by a power supply unit (38a; 38b), the outputs of which only have a single reference potential (42a; 42b), and by a power subassembly (12a; 12b), which has the at least two heating frequency units (34a; 34b) and the power supply unit (38a; 38b), wherein the power subassembly (12a; 12b), which is a circuit board populated with electronic components, has precisely two aligned equipotential busbars (30a, 32a; 30b, 32b), between which in at least one operating state a supply voltage for the at least three independent heating units (14a, 16a, 18a, 20a; 14b, 16b, 18b, 20b) is tapped, wherein the power supply unit (38a) has a plurality of outputs, at which in at least one operating state different DC voltages are provided to supply further electrical consumers, and wherein all outputs of the power supply unit (38a) have a common reference potential (42a), which corresponds to a potential of one of the equipotential busbars (32a).
- Circuit apparatus according to claim 1, characterised by a filter subassembly (10a; 10b), which is provided for connection to a maximum of two conductors (28a, 29a; 28b, 29b) of a power supply network (26a; 26b).
- Circuit apparatus according to claim 2, characterised by a maximum of two equipotential connection paths (22a, 24a; 22b, 24b) between the filter subassembly (10a; 10b) and the power subassembly (12a; 12b), which are provided to transmit at least a majority of the energy from the filter subassembly (10a; 10b) to the at least three heating units (14a, 16a, 18a, 20a; 14b, 16b, 18b, 20b).
- Circuit apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the filter subassembly (10b) is provided for connection to two outer conductors (68b, 69b) of a power supply network (26b).
- Circuit apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the power subassembly (12a; 12b) has a circuit arrangement (36a; 36b) which is provided to link the at least one heating frequency unit (34a; 34b) optionally to at least one of the at least three heating units (14a, 16a, 18a, 20a; 14b, 16b, 18b, 20b).
- Circuit apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the power subassembly (12a; 12b) has a maximum of one integrated heat sink (44a; 44b).
- Circuit apparatus according to claim 6, characterised by a maximum of one cooling fan (46a; 46b), which is provided to cool the integrated heat sink (44a; 44b).
- Cooking appliance, especially hob, with a circuit apparatus according to one of the preceding claims.
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ES201130476 | 2011-03-29 |
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EP2506669B1 EP2506669B1 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
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EP2506671B1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2017-09-13 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Switch device |
ES2673693B1 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2019-04-09 | Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana Sa | COOKING OVEN AND PROCEDURE FOR THE OPERATION OF A COOKING OVEN |
WO2020239821A1 (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-03 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Cooking appliance |
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---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008061908A1 (en) † | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-29 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Heating device circuit |
EP2200400A1 (en) † | 2008-12-22 | 2010-06-23 | FagorBrandt SAS | Device for powering a cooking appliance |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2602489T5 (en) | 2024-04-30 |
ES2602489T3 (en) | 2017-02-21 |
EP2506669B1 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
EP2506669A3 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
EP2506669A2 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
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