EP2506671B1 - Switch device - Google Patents
Switch device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2506671B1 EP2506671B1 EP12160770.9A EP12160770A EP2506671B1 EP 2506671 B1 EP2506671 B1 EP 2506671B1 EP 12160770 A EP12160770 A EP 12160770A EP 2506671 B1 EP2506671 B1 EP 2506671B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- power supply
- unit
- units
- heat sink
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 19
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
- H05B6/062—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power for cooking plates or the like
- H05B6/065—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power for cooking plates or the like using coordinated control of multiple induction coils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
- H05B6/12—Cooking devices
- H05B6/1209—Cooking devices induction cooking plates or the like and devices to be used in combination with them
- H05B6/1245—Cooking devices induction cooking plates or the like and devices to be used in combination with them with special coil arrangements
- H05B6/1263—Cooking devices induction cooking plates or the like and devices to be used in combination with them with special coil arrangements using coil cooling arrangements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circuit device according to the preamble of claim 1.
- WO 2010/069616 A1 a circuit device of an induction cooktop is known, which is provided for connection to two conductors of a power supply network and to an outer conductor and a neutral conductor.
- the circuit device comprises two heating frequency units for supplying four independent heating units with high-frequency alternating current.
- document EP 2 028 912 A2 discloses a cooker assembly in which a plurality of heating frequency units are in thermal contact with a common heat sink.
- the object of the invention is in particular to provide a low-cost generic circuit device with an advantageously low weight. The object is achieved by the features of claim 1, while advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention can be taken from the dependent claims.
- the invention is based on a circuit device which is provided for connection to at most two conductors of a power supply network, with at least two heating frequency units for the power supply of at least three independent heating units.
- the circuit device has at most a one-piece heat sink, with which the at least two heating frequency units are thermally contacted.
- provided is intended to be understood in particular specifically designed and / or equipped and / or programmed.
- a “conductor of a power supply network” is to be understood in particular as meaning either an outer conductor or a neutral conductor of different design, in particular of a pure protective conductor.
- circuit device to a connection to at most two conductors of a power supply network is intended ", is to be understood in particular that the circuit device is designed such that an operation is possible either only on exactly one outer conductor and exactly one neutral conductor or only on exactly two outer conductors of a power supply network
- a circuit device which on more than two conductors operable is, in particular at least two outer conductors and at least one neutral conductor, but is operated only on two conductors of a power supply network to be provided in particular for a connection to at least two conductors of a power supply network.
- heating frequency unit is to be understood in particular as meaning an electrical unit which generates an oscillating electrical current, preferably with a frequency of at least 15 kHz, in particular of at least 17 kHz and advantageously of at least 20 kHz, for operation of the at least three heating units.
- the heating frequency unit comprises in particular at least one inverter, which preferably comprises two switching units.
- a "switching unit” is to be understood in particular as meaning a unit which is intended to interrupt a conduction path comprising at least part of the switching unit in one of at least two switching positions.
- a “conduction path” is to be understood in particular as an electrically conductive connection unit between two points.
- the term "electrically conductive" is to be understood in particular with a specific electrical resistance of at most 10 -4 ⁇ m, in particular of at most 10 -5 ⁇ m, advantageously of at most 10 -6 ⁇ m and particularly advantageously of not more than 10 -7 ⁇ m at 20 ° C.
- the switching unit is a bidirectional unipolar switch which in particular allows a current flow through the switch along the conduction path in both directions and in particular short-circuits an electrical voltage in at least one polarity direction.
- the inverter comprises at least two bipolar transistors with insulated gate electrode and particularly advantageously at least one damping capacitor.
- heating unit is to be understood, in particular, as a unit which is intended to convert electrical energy, at least to a large extent, into heat and thus in particular to heat a food.
- the heating unit comprises a radiant heater, a resistance heater and / or preferably an induction heater, which is intended to convert electrical energy indirectly via induced eddy currents into heat.
- at least three independent heating units should be understood in particular heating units, which are traversed in at least one operating state of electric currents of different RMS current.
- a "heat sink” is to be understood in particular as a unit which is designed specifically for cooling further components, in particular the at least one heating frequency unit, and is in particular in thermal and preferably in direct mechanical contact with these components.
- the heat sink has in particular an at least 5-fold, in particular at least 10-fold, and advantageously at least 20-fold greater surface area than a cube of the same volume and in particular comprises at least 3 and preferably at least 5 cooling fins.
- a “cooling fin” an elongated, in particular wall or rod-shaped, component made of a thermally conductive material, which is connected at least at one point with a main body of the heat sink, in particular in one piece.
- a “main body of the heat sink” is to be understood in particular a component made of a heat-conducting material which has at least one surface which is in thermal contact and preferably in direct mechanical contact with a component to be cooled.
- the entire heat sink consists of a heat-conducting material and in particular has a plate-shaped base body, from the cooling fins, preferably only on one side of the body go out.
- the heat sink may be designed specifically for heat transfer to an air flow flowing along at least one of the surfaces of the heat sink and preferably have air flow passages through which an air flow is led to cool the heat sink.
- in one piece is meant, in particular, at least materially bonded, for example by a welding process and / or an adhesive process and / or an injection process and / or another process that appears appropriate to a person skilled in the art, and / or advantageously shaped in one piece, as for example by a production from a casting and / or by a production in a one- or multi-component injection molding process and advantageously from a single blank.
- the heat sink is provided for cooling the at least two Schufrequenzüen and is in particular thermally contacted with these.
- the heat sink and at least one further component are "thermally contacted” should be understood in particular that the heat sink and the further component can exchange heat energy in an assembled state and that preferably a heat transfer coefficient of this exchange is greater than a heat transfer coefficient of an exchange of heat energy between the heat sink and the further component via an air gap.
- the heat sink and the further component are in direct mechanical contact and are in particular directly connected to one another at least in a partial area and are preferably firmly connected to each other so that at least 60%, in particular at least 70%, particularly advantageously at least 80% and particularly advantageously at least 90 % of the heat energy is transferred via a solid state contact point or several solid state contact points.
- the circuit device Since the circuit device is provided for connection to only two conductors of a power supply network, two heating frequency units are sufficient for attaining a maximum power obtainable from the two conductors. It has been found in cooking appliances, especially cooktops, that the maximum of two conductors, in particular an outer conductor and a neutral conductor of a power supply network available power for everyday operation of the cooking appliance is sufficient. Only in the rarest cases does a heater requested by an operator exceed the maximum available power from the power grid. Therefore, despite a reduction to two heating frequency units and a connection to only two conductors of a power supply network, an advantageously high ease of use can be achieved.
- the circuit device has at most one cooling fan for cooling the heat sink. As a result, costs can be reduced particularly advantageous. Furthermore, in at least one operating state, an energy requirement can be reduced.
- the circuit device comprises a power module which has the at least two heating frequency units and the heat sink.
- An “assembly” is to be understood, in particular, as an assembly unit having a plurality of components which are intended to be preassembled into a unit in order in particular to be mounted as a whole in a further unit.
- the assembly is a printed circuit board populated with electronic components.
- a “power assembly” is to be understood in particular an assembly that is intended to at least supply three heating units with electrical power and preferably make an adjustment of the electrical power of the at least three heating units.
- the power module preferably performs a frequency conversion in at least one operating state and, in particular, converts an input-side low-frequency AC voltage into an output-side high-frequency AC voltage.
- a "low-frequency AC voltage” is to be understood as meaning an AC voltage having a frequency of at most 100 Hz.
- a “high-frequency AC voltage” is to be understood as meaning an AC voltage having a frequency of at least 1000 Hz.
- the power module is provided to make the setting of the electrical power of the at least three heating units, at least by adjusting the high-frequency AC voltage.
- the power assembly further comprises at least one rectifier.
- the circuit device has a filter assembly which is provided for connection to the at most two conductors of the power supply network.
- a "filter assembly” is to be understood in particular as meaning an assembly which, in at least one operating state, adopts at least one filter function, preferably a low-pass filter function for minimizing high-frequency noise.
- the filter assembly additionally assumes an overvoltage protection function, preferably by means of a varistor.
- the filter assembly comprises in particular at least one throttle, in particular a current-compensated throttle, and / or at least one capacitor and / or at least one varistor.
- the filter assembly is viewed in terms of line technology between a connection to the power supply network and the rectifier.
- the filter assembly is provided to filter the power assembly.
- the filter assembly is designed such that operation either only on exactly one outer conductor and exactly one neutral conductor or only on exactly two outer conductors a power supply network is possible.
- a filter assembly which is operable on more than two conductors, in particular on two outer conductors and a neutral conductor, but is operated only on two conductors of a power supply network, should be provided in particular for connection to at least two conductors of a power supply network.
- an assembly effort can be advantageously reduced.
- costs can be reduced because a commercially available filter assembly can be used.
- the circuit device has at most two equipotential bonding paths between the filter assembly and the power assembly, which are provided for transmitting at least a majority of the energy from the filter assembly to the at least three heating units.
- An “equipotential connection path” is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an entirety of all the line paths with at least substantially the same potential between two subassemblies, in particular between the filter subassembly and the power subassembly.
- a "totality of all conduction paths with at least substantially the same potential” comprises in particular all conduction paths whose electrical potentials differ from each other by at most 10%, preferably by a maximum of 5% and particularly advantageously by at most 2%.
- a “potential difference” should be understood in particular a difference between two potentials.
- a “potential of an equipotential connection path” at a time should in particular be understood to mean a spatially averaged potential of the equipotential connection path at this time.
- Transmission of at least a majority of the energy from the filter assembly to the at least three heating units should be understood in particular that in any operating condition in which at least one of the at least three heating units is operated by the at most two equipotential bonding paths each a current of the same RMS current wherein a product of the RMS current and an RMS value of a potential difference between the at most two equipotential bonding paths minus a power supplied to other consumers other than the operated heating units is at most 20%, preferably at most 10%, and most preferably at most
- time-averaged heating power" of an operated heating unit is intended to mean, in particular, a product made from one of the heating units operated by the heating medium Heating unit flowing RMS amperage and applied to the heating unit RMS voltage can be understood. As a result, an assembly effort can be advantageously reduced.
- the power module has exactly two rectified equipotential busbars, between which in at least one operating state a supply voltage for the at least three heating units is tapped.
- An “equipotential busbar” is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an entirety of all the conduction paths with at least substantially the same electrical potential.
- the term “two rectified equipotential busbars” is intended in particular to mean two equipotential busbars with a potential difference of their potentials, which has the same sign for each time point.
- a “potential of an equipotential busbar" at one time should, in particular, be understood to mean a spatially averaged potential of the equipotential busbar at this point in time.
- the circuit device and preferably the power module of the circuit device, comprises precisely one rectifier, preferably a bridge rectifier, which, in at least one operating state, rectifies the potential difference of the equipotential connection paths and provides a rectified voltage between the equipotential bus bars.
- a bridge rectifier which, in at least one operating state, rectifies the potential difference of the equipotential connection paths and provides a rectified voltage between the equipotential bus bars.
- the circuit device comprises a switching arrangement which is provided to selectively connect at least one of the at least two heating frequency units to at least one of the at least three heating units.
- a "switching arrangement" is to be understood in particular as meaning a unit which has at least one input and at least two outputs and which is intended to connect the input in at least one operating state optionally to at least one of the at least two outputs in an electrically conductive manner, in particular by a corresponding one Switching position of at least one switching unit and / or a switching unit.
- a number of inputs of the switching arrangement corresponds to a number of heating frequency units of the switching device.
- a number of outputs of the switching arrangement corresponds to a number of heating units.
- a "switching unit” is to be understood in particular as a switching unit which forms a first conduction path in a first of at least two switching positions, in particular of the at least one input to one of the at least two outputs, and in a second of the at least two switching positions a second conduction path first conduction path different conduction path, in particular from the at least one input to the other of the at least two outputs forms.
- any switchover unit which appears expedient to a person skilled in the art can be considered, but preferably an electromagnetic relay and / or a semiconductor relay.
- the switching arrangement is part of the power assembly.
- the switching arrangement is provided to "at least one of the at least two Wienrequenzajien selectively connect to at least one of the at least three heating units," should be understood in particular that the switching device is provided depending on an operating condition to one or more Walkerfrequenzajien with a or electrically connect a plurality of heating units.
- costs can be reduced particularly advantageous since a number of heating frequency units can be smaller than a number of heating units.
- new modes of operation can be developed, in particular if two heating frequency units collectively power a single heating unit in parallel.
- the circuit device comprises exactly one power supply unit, which is provided at least for the power supply of a control unit.
- the power supply unit is provided in addition to the power supply of at least one driver unit of the at least two heating frequency units and / or an operator interface and / or at least one measuring unit, in particular a temperature and / or voltage and / or current measuring unit, and / or the cooling fan.
- a "power supply unit” is to be understood, in particular, as an electronic unit which is intended to supply at least one further unit with energy which requires a voltage other than that provided by a power supply network.
- a DC voltage is provided at at least one output of the power supply unit.
- the power supply unit has a plurality of outputs, on which, in particular, different electrical voltages, preferably direct voltages, can be tapped off.
- the power supply unit is part of the power module.
- a "control unit” is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an electronic unit which comprises a computing unit and, in particular in addition to the computing unit, a memory unit with a control program stored therein.
- the control unit is preferably provided at least for controlling and / or regulating the at least one heating frequency unit with the aid of control signals.
- the control unit is part of the power module.
- a cooking appliance in particular a hob, proposed with a circuit device according to the invention.
- the hob is an induction hob.
- FIG. 1 shows a trained as induction hob 50a cooking appliance.
- the induction hob 50a comprises a hob plate 52a, in particular of a glass ceramic, on which heating zones 54a, 56a, 58a, 60a are marked in a known manner.
- the cooktop panel 52a is horizontally disposed in an operative state of the induction cooktop 50a and provided for setting up cooking utensils.
- touch-sensitive operating elements 62a and display elements 64a of an operator interface 66a of the induction hob 50a are marked on the hob plate 52a in a known manner.
- the induction hob 50a further comprises a circuit device having four independent heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a designed as inductor coils (cf. FIG. 2 ).
- the Heating unit 14a is disposed below the heating zone 54a.
- the heating unit 16a is disposed below the heating zone 56a.
- the heating unit 18a is disposed below the heating zone 58a.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of the circuit device of the induction hob 50a.
- the induction hob 50a and in particular the circuit device are provided for connection to exactly two conductors 28a, 29a of a power supply network 26a.
- the two conductors 28a, 29a are an outer conductor 68a and a neutral conductor 70a of the power supply network 26a.
- the induction hob 50a and in particular the circuit device comprise exactly one filter unit 72a.
- a voltage applied between the outer conductor 68a and the neutral conductor 70a electrical AC voltage, which has an effective value of approximately 230 V in Europe, is supplied to the filter unit 72a.
- the filter unit 72a is designed as a separate filter assembly 10a of the circuit device in the form of a printed circuit board equipped with electronic components.
- the filter assembly 10a is provided for connection to the two conductors 28a, 29a of the power supply network 26a.
- the filter unit 72a is essentially a low-pass filter that eliminates high-frequency noise in at least one operating state.
- the induction hob 50a and in particular the circuit device further comprise exactly one power assembly 12a formed as a populated printed circuit board.
- the power module 12a comprises exactly one rectifier 48a, exactly one bus capacitor unit 74a of one or more interconnected bus capacitors, exactly two heating frequency units 34a, exactly one switching arrangement 36a, exactly one power supply unit 38a, exactly one control unit 40a and exactly one integral heat sink 44a.
- the heat sink 44a is made of aluminum.
- the two Schufrequenzüen 34a and rectifier diodes of the rectifier 48a are thermally contacted with the heat sink 44a by gluing.
- the induction hob 50a and in particular the circuit device comprise exactly one cooling fan 46a, which is intended to cool the heat sink 44a by means of a cooling air flow.
- the induction hob 50a includes exactly two equipotential bonding paths 22a, 24a electrically connecting the filter assembly 10a and the power assembly 12a.
- all the energy transferred from the filter assembly 10a to the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a is transferred via the equipotential connection paths 22a, 24a.
- the filter unit 72a and the rectifier 48a are electrically conductively connected to each other via the equipotential connection paths 22a, 24a.
- the filter unit 72a and an input of the power supply unit 38a are electrically conductively connected to each other via the equipotential connection paths 22a, 24a.
- the rectifier 48a rectifies the AC electrical voltage from the power supply network 26a and provides it as a rectified bus voltage for the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a between exactly two rectified equipotential bus bars 30a, 32a of the power assembly 12a. Between the equipotential bus bars 30a, 32a, the bus capacitor unit 74a is arranged.
- the two heating frequency units 34a grip this rectified bus voltage at the two equipotential current rails 30a, 32a in at least one operating state.
- the heating frequency units 34a each comprise an inverter, which generates in a known manner from the rectified bus voltage a high-frequency alternating voltage with a frequency of at least 15 kHz for operation of the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a. Outputs of the two heating frequency units 34a are connected via the switching arrangement 36a to the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a.
- the switching arrangement 36a allows an assignment of one of the heating frequency units 34a to one or more of the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a. Further, the switching arrangement 36a allows the two heating-frequency units 34a to be associated with one of the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a for increasing the power during a warm-up.
- the switching arrangement 36a is intended to perform time division multiplexing.
- one of the heating frequency units 34a is allocated during a first subinterval of a period of a first group of heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a and during a second subinterval of the period duration of a second, of the first group differently formed by the first subinterval assigned differently formed group of heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a.
- the switching arrangement 36a comprises six electromagnetic relays. Alternatively, the electromagnetic relays may be replaced by solid state relays. Alternatively or additionally, the switching arrangement 36a can also allow a simultaneous allocation of the two heating-frequency units 34a to a plurality of heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a.
- heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a are thus supplied with energy in a known manner.
- the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a are in FIG. 2 only shown schematically, wherein a representation of the heating units 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a associated resonance capacitors was omitted.
- the power supply unit 38a is provided to transform and rectify the AC voltage of the power supply network 26a.
- the power supply unit 38a has a plurality of outputs at which different DC voltages are provided for supplying further electrical consumers in at least one operating state.
- the power supply unit 38a is at least provided to power the control unit 40a.
- the control unit 40a includes a microprocessor and is provided for controlling the induction hob 50a and, in particular, components of the circuit device as shown in FIG FIG. 2 schematically represented by dashed lines.
- the power supply unit 38a is provided to power the user interface 66a, driver units of the two heating frequency units 34a, temperature, voltage and current measuring units and the cooling fan 46a (not shown in FIG FIG. 2 ).
- the power supply unit 38a can be used to supply power to further, be provided to a professional appear reasonable consumer. All outputs of the power supply unit 38a have a common reference potential 42a, which corresponds to a potential of the equipotential current rail 32a.
- the circuit device can be decisively simplified, since, for example, otherwise necessary potential separations can be dispensed with.
- FIG. 3 a further embodiment of the invention is shown.
- the following description is essentially limited to the differences between the embodiments, with respect to the same components, features and functions on the description of the other embodiment, in particular the Figures 1 and 2 , can be referenced.
- the letter a in the reference numerals of the embodiment in the Figures 1 and 2 by the letter b in the reference numerals of the embodiment of FIG. 3 replaced.
- With respect to identically designated components in particular with regard to components with the same reference numerals, can in principle also to the drawings and / or the description of the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2 to get expelled.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of another circuit device of an induction hob 50b.
- the induction hob 50b and in particular the circuit device are also provided for connection to exactly two conductors 28b, 29b of a power supply network 26b.
- the two conductors 28b, 29b are two outer conductors 68b, 69b of the three-phase power supply network 26b.
- an electrical alternating voltage applied between the outer conductors 68b, 69b which in Europe has an effective value of approximately 400 V, is fed to a corresponding filter assembly 10b.
- the basic structure of the induction hob 50b and the associated circuit device is identical to the basic structure of the previous embodiment.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Induction Heating Cooking Devices (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Schaltungsvorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a circuit device according to the preamble of claim 1.
Aus der Druckschrift
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Schaltungsvorrichtung, welche zu einem Anschluss an höchstens zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes vorgesehen ist, mit zumindest zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten zur Energieversorgung von zumindest drei unabhängigen Heizeinheiten.The invention is based on a circuit device which is provided for connection to at most two conductors of a power supply network, with at least two heating frequency units for the power supply of at least three independent heating units.
Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Schaltungsvorrichtung höchstens einen einstückigen Kühlkörper aufweist, mit dem die zumindest zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten thermisch kontaktiert sind. Unter "vorgesehen" soll insbesondere speziell ausgelegt und/oder ausgestattet und/oder programmiert verstanden werden. Unter einem "Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes" soll insbesondere entweder ein Außenleiter oder ein, insbesondere von einem reinen Schutzleiter unterschiedlich ausgebildeter, Neutralleiter verstanden werden. Darunter, dass die Schaltungsvorrichtung "zu einem Anschluss an höchstens zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes vorgesehen ist", soll insbesondere verstanden werden, dass die Schaltungsvorrichtung derart ausgelegt ist, dass ein Betrieb entweder nur an genau einem Außenleiter und genau einem Neutralleiter oder nur an genau zwei Außenleitern eines Stromversorgungsnetzes möglich ist. Eine Schaltungsvorrichtung, welche an mehr als zwei Leitern betreibbar ist, insbesondere an wenigstens zwei Außenleitern und zumindest einem Neutralleiter, jedoch nur an zwei Leitern eines Stromversorgungsnetzes betrieben wird, soll insbesondere zu einem Anschluss an zumindest zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes vorgesehen sein.It is proposed that the circuit device has at most a one-piece heat sink, with which the at least two heating frequency units are thermally contacted. By "provided" is intended to be understood in particular specifically designed and / or equipped and / or programmed. A "conductor of a power supply network" is to be understood in particular as meaning either an outer conductor or a neutral conductor of different design, in particular of a pure protective conductor. Including that the circuit device "to a connection to at most two conductors of a power supply network is intended ", is to be understood in particular that the circuit device is designed such that an operation is possible either only on exactly one outer conductor and exactly one neutral conductor or only on exactly two outer conductors of a power supply network A circuit device which on more than two conductors operable is, in particular at least two outer conductors and at least one neutral conductor, but is operated only on two conductors of a power supply network to be provided in particular for a connection to at least two conductors of a power supply network.
Unter einer "Heizfrequenzeinheit" soll insbesondere eine elektrische Einheit verstanden werden, die einen oszillierenden elektrischen Strom, vorzugsweise mit einer Frequenz von zumindest 15 kHz, insbesondere von wenigstens 17 kHz und vorteilhaft von mindestens 20 kHz, zu einem Betrieb der wenigstens drei Heizeinheiten erzeugt. Die Heizfrequenzeinheit umfasst insbesondere zumindest einen Wechselrichter, der vorzugsweise zwei Schalteinheiten umfasst. Unter einer "Schalteinheit" soll insbesondere eine Einheit verstanden werden, die dazu vorgesehen ist, in einer von wenigstens zwei Schaltstellungen einen zumindest einen Teil der Schalteinheit umfassenden Leitungspfad zu unterbrechen. Unter einem "Leitungspfad" soll insbesondere eine elektrisch leitende Verbindungseinheit zwischen zwei Punkten verstanden werden. Unter "elektrisch leitend" soll insbesondere mit einem spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand von höchstens 10-4 Ωm, insbesondere von maximal 10-5 Ωm, vorteilhaft von höchstens 10-6 Ωm und besonders vorteilhaft von maximal 10-7 Ωm bei 20°C verstanden werden. Vorzugsweise ist die Schalteinheit ein bidirektionaler unipolarer Schalter, der insbesondere einen Stromfluss durch den Schalter entlang dem Leitungspfad in beide Richtungen ermöglicht und der insbesondere eine elektrische Spannung in zumindest einer Polungsrichtung kurzschließt. Vorzugsweise umfasst der Wechselrichter zumindest zwei Bipolartransistoren mit isolierter Gate-Elektrode und besonders vorteilhaft zumindest einen Dämpfungskondensator. Unter einer "Heizeinheit" soll insbesondere eine Einheit verstanden werden, die dazu vorgesehen ist, elektrische Energie zumindest zu einem Großteil in Wärme umzuwandeln und damit insbesondere ein Gargut zu erhitzen. Insbesondere umfasst die Heizeinheit einen Strahlungsheizkörper, einen Widerstandsheizkörper und/oder vorzugsweise einen Induktionsheizkörper, der dazu vorgesehen ist, elektrische Energie indirekt über induzierte Wirbelströme in Wärme umzuwandeln. Unter "zumindest drei unabhängigen Heizeinheiten" sollen insbesondere Heizeinheiten verstanden werden, die in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand von elektrischen Strömen verschiedener Effektivstromstärke durchflossen werden.A "heating frequency unit" is to be understood in particular as meaning an electrical unit which generates an oscillating electrical current, preferably with a frequency of at least 15 kHz, in particular of at least 17 kHz and advantageously of at least 20 kHz, for operation of the at least three heating units. The heating frequency unit comprises in particular at least one inverter, which preferably comprises two switching units. A "switching unit" is to be understood in particular as meaning a unit which is intended to interrupt a conduction path comprising at least part of the switching unit in one of at least two switching positions. A "conduction path" is to be understood in particular as an electrically conductive connection unit between two points. The term "electrically conductive" is to be understood in particular with a specific electrical resistance of at most 10 -4 Ωm, in particular of at most 10 -5 Ωm, advantageously of at most 10 -6 Ωm and particularly advantageously of not more than 10 -7 Ωm at 20 ° C. Preferably, the switching unit is a bidirectional unipolar switch which in particular allows a current flow through the switch along the conduction path in both directions and in particular short-circuits an electrical voltage in at least one polarity direction. Preferably, the inverter comprises at least two bipolar transistors with insulated gate electrode and particularly advantageously at least one damping capacitor. A "heating unit" is to be understood, in particular, as a unit which is intended to convert electrical energy, at least to a large extent, into heat and thus in particular to heat a food. In particular, the heating unit comprises a radiant heater, a resistance heater and / or preferably an induction heater, which is intended to convert electrical energy indirectly via induced eddy currents into heat. By "at least three independent heating units" should be understood in particular heating units, which are traversed in at least one operating state of electric currents of different RMS current.
Unter einem "Kühlkörper" soll insbesondere eine Einheit verstanden werden, die gezielt zur Kühlung weiterer Bauteile, insbesondere der zumindest einen Heizfrequenzeinheit, ausgebildet ist und insbesondere mit diesen Bauteilen in thermischem und vorzugsweise in direktem mechanischem Kontakt steht. Der Kühlkörper weist zur Abgabe von Wärmeenergie an die Umgebung insbesondere eine zumindest 5-fach, insbesondere wenigstens 10-fach und vorteilhaft wenigstens 20-fach größere Oberfläche auf als ein Würfel gleichen Volumens und umfasst insbesondere zumindest 3 und vorzugsweise wenigstens 5 Kühlrippen. Hierbei soll unter einer "Kühlrippe" ein längliches, insbesondere wand- oder stabförmiges, Bauelement aus einem wärmeleitenden Material verstanden werden, das zumindest an einer Stelle mit einem Grundkörper des Kühlkörpers, insbesondere einstückig, verbunden ist. Unter einem "Grundkörper des Kühlkörpers" soll insbesondere ein Bauelement aus einem wärmeleitenden Material verstanden werden, das zumindest eine Oberfläche aufweist, die in thermischem Kontakt und vorzugsweise in direktem mechanischem Kontakt mit einem zu kühlenden Bauteil steht. Vorzugsweise besteht der gesamte Kühlkörper aus einem wärmeleitenden Material und weist insbesondere einen plattenförmigen Grundkörper auf, von dem Kühlrippen, vorzugsweise nur auf einer Seite des Grundkörpers, ausgehen. Insbesondere kann der Kühlkörper speziell zu einem Wärmeübertrag auf eine an zumindest einer der Oberflächen des Kühlkörpers entlangströmende Luftströmung ausgelegt sein und vorzugsweise über Luftströmungskanäle verfügen, durch die eine Luftströmung zur Kühlung des Kühlkörpers geführt wird. Unter einem "wärmeleitenden Material" soll insbesondere ein Material mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit von wenigstens 5 W/m/K, insbesondere zumindest 15 W/m/K, vorteilhaft mindestens 100 W/m/K und besonders vorteilhaft wenigstens 200 W/m/K verstanden werden.A "heat sink" is to be understood in particular as a unit which is designed specifically for cooling further components, in particular the at least one heating frequency unit, and is in particular in thermal and preferably in direct mechanical contact with these components. In order to deliver heat energy to the environment, the heat sink has in particular an at least 5-fold, in particular at least 10-fold, and advantageously at least 20-fold greater surface area than a cube of the same volume and in particular comprises at least 3 and preferably at least 5 cooling fins. This is to be understood by a "cooling fin" an elongated, in particular wall or rod-shaped, component made of a thermally conductive material, which is connected at least at one point with a main body of the heat sink, in particular in one piece. A "main body of the heat sink" is to be understood in particular a component made of a heat-conducting material which has at least one surface which is in thermal contact and preferably in direct mechanical contact with a component to be cooled. Preferably, the entire heat sink consists of a heat-conducting material and in particular has a plate-shaped base body, from the cooling fins, preferably only on one side of the body go out. In particular, the heat sink may be designed specifically for heat transfer to an air flow flowing along at least one of the surfaces of the heat sink and preferably have air flow passages through which an air flow is led to cool the heat sink. A material with a thermal conductivity of at least 5 W / m / K, in particular at least 15 W / m / K, is particularly advantageous under a "heat-conducting material" at least 100 W / m / K and particularly advantageously at least 200 W / m / K are understood.
Unter "einstückig" soll insbesondere zumindest stoffschlüssig verbunden verstanden werden, beispielsweise durch einen Schweißprozess und/oder einen Klebeprozess und/oder einen Anspritzprozess und/oder einen anderen, einem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinenden Prozess, und/oder vorteilhaft in einem Stück geformt verstanden werden, wie beispielsweise durch eine Herstellung aus einem Guss und/oder durch eine Herstellung in einem Ein- oder Mehrkomponentenspritzverfahren und vorteilhaft aus einem einzelnen Rohling. Vorzugsweise ist der Kühlkörper zur Kühlung der zumindest zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten vorgesehen und ist insbesondere mit diesen thermisch kontaktiert. Darunter, dass der Kühlkörper und zumindest ein weiteres Bauteil, insbesondere eine Heizfrequenzeinheit, "thermisch kontaktiert" sind, soll insbesondere verstanden werden, dass der Kühlkörper und das weitere Bauteil in einem montierten Zustand Wärmeenergie austauschen können und dass vorzugsweise ein Wärmeübergangskoeffizient dieses Austauschs größer ist als ein Wärmeübergangskoeffizient eines Austauschs von Wärmeenergie zwischen dem Kühlkörper und dem weiteren Bauteil über einen Luftspalt. Vorzugsweise stehen der Kühlkörper und das weitere Bauteil in direktem mechanischem Kontakt und liegen insbesondere zumindest in einem Teilbereich unmittelbar aneinander an und sind vorzugsweise fest miteinander verbunden, so dass zumindest 60%, insbesondere zumindest 70%, besonders vorteilhaft wenigstens 80% und besonders vorteilhaft mindestens 90% der Wärmeenergie über eine Festkörperkontaktstelle oder mehrere Festkörperkontaktstellen übertragen werden.By "in one piece" is meant, in particular, at least materially bonded, for example by a welding process and / or an adhesive process and / or an injection process and / or another process that appears appropriate to a person skilled in the art, and / or advantageously shaped in one piece, as for example by a production from a casting and / or by a production in a one- or multi-component injection molding process and advantageously from a single blank. Preferably, the heat sink is provided for cooling the at least two Heizfrequenzeinheiten and is in particular thermally contacted with these. By the fact that the heat sink and at least one further component, in particular a heating frequency unit, are "thermally contacted" should be understood in particular that the heat sink and the further component can exchange heat energy in an assembled state and that preferably a heat transfer coefficient of this exchange is greater than a heat transfer coefficient of an exchange of heat energy between the heat sink and the further component via an air gap. Preferably, the heat sink and the further component are in direct mechanical contact and are in particular directly connected to one another at least in a partial area and are preferably firmly connected to each other so that at least 60%, in particular at least 70%, particularly advantageously at least 80% and particularly advantageously at least 90 % of the heat energy is transferred via a solid state contact point or several solid state contact points.
Durch eine solche Ausgestaltung können Kosten vorteilhaft gesenkt werden, da nur ein Kühlkörper zum Einsatz kommt. Des Weiteren kann ein Gewicht vorteilhaft reduziert werden, wodurch zusätzlich Transportkosten minimiert werden können. Durch den Anschluss an höchstens zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes können weitere Kosteneinsparungen ermöglicht werden, da eine Filterbaugruppe, eine Steuereinheit und eine Stromversorgungseinheit zur Energieversorgung weiterer Verbraucher entsprechend optimiert werden können. Insbesondere können alle Ausgänge der Stromversorgungseinheit nur ein Referenzpotential aufweisen, wodurch auf Potentialtrennungen verzichtet werden kann, welche beispielsweise bei einem Anschluss an zwei Außenleiter und einen Neutralleiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes nötig wären. Wenn die Schaltungsvorrichtung genau zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten aufweist, kann eine besonders kostengünstige Schaltungsvorrichtung bereitgestellt werden. Da die Schaltungsvorrichtung zu einem Anschluss an nur zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes vorgesehen ist, sind zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten zur Erreichung einer maximal aus den zwei Leitern beziehbaren Leistung ausreichend. Es hat sich bei Gargeräten, insbesondere bei Kochfeldern gezeigt, dass die aus zwei Leitern, insbesondere einem Außenleiter und einem Neutralleiter, eines Stromversorgungsnetzes maximal beziehbare Leistung für einen alltäglichen Betrieb des Gargeräts ausreichend ist. Nur in den seltensten Fällen übersteigt eine von einem Bediener angeforderte Heizleistung die aus dem Stromversorgungsnetz maximal beziehbare Leistung. Daher kann trotz einer Reduktion auf zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten und einem Anschluss an nur zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes ein vorteilhaft hoher Bedienkomfort erzielt werden.By such a configuration costs can be advantageously reduced, since only one heat sink is used. Furthermore, a weight can advantageously be reduced, whereby additional transport costs can be minimized. By connecting to at most two conductors of a power supply network further cost savings can be made possible, as a filter assembly, a control unit and a power supply unit for power supply Further consumers can be optimized accordingly. In particular, all outputs of the power supply unit can only have a reference potential, which can be dispensed with potential separations, which would be necessary, for example, in a connection to two outer conductor and a neutral conductor of a power supply network. When the circuit device has exactly two heating frequency units, a particularly inexpensive circuit device can be provided. Since the circuit device is provided for connection to only two conductors of a power supply network, two heating frequency units are sufficient for attaining a maximum power obtainable from the two conductors. It has been found in cooking appliances, especially cooktops, that the maximum of two conductors, in particular an outer conductor and a neutral conductor of a power supply network available power for everyday operation of the cooking appliance is sufficient. Only in the rarest cases does a heater requested by an operator exceed the maximum available power from the power grid. Therefore, despite a reduction to two heating frequency units and a connection to only two conductors of a power supply network, an advantageously high ease of use can be achieved.
Ferner wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Schaltungsvorrichtung höchstens einen Kühllüfter zur Kühlung des Kühlkörpers aufweist. Hierdurch können Kosten besonders vorteilhaft gesenkt werden. Des Weiteren kann in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand ein Energiebedarf reduziert werden.It is further proposed that the circuit device has at most one cooling fan for cooling the heat sink. As a result, costs can be reduced particularly advantageous. Furthermore, in at least one operating state, an energy requirement can be reduced.
Vorteilhaft umfasst die Schaltungsvorrichtung eine Leistungsbaugruppe, welche die zumindest zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten und den Kühlkörper aufweist. Unter einer "Baugruppe" soll insbesondere eine Montageeinheit mit mehreren Bauteilen verstanden werden, die dazu vorgesehen sind, zu einer Einheit vormontiert zu werden, um insbesondere als Ganzes in eine weitere Einheit montiert zu werden. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei der Baugruppe um eine mit elektronischen Bauteilen bestückte Leiterplatte. Unter einer "Leistungsbaugruppe" soll insbesondere eine Baugruppe verstanden werden, die dazu vorgesehen ist, die zumindest drei Heizeinheiten mit elektrischer Leistung zu versorgen und vorzugsweise eine Einstellung der elektrischen Leistung der zumindest drei Heizeinheiten vorzunehmen. Vorzugsweise führt die Leistungsbaugruppe in zumindest einem Betriebszustand eine Frequenzwandlung durch und wandelt insbesondere eine eingangsseitige niederfrequente Wechselspannung in eine ausgangsseitige hochfrequente Wechselspannung um. Unter einer "niederfrequenten Wechselspannung" soll eine Wechselspannung mit einer Frequenz von höchstens 100 Hz verstanden werden. Unter einer "hochfrequenten Wechselspannung" soll eine Wechselspannung mit einer Frequenz von mindestens 1000 Hz verstanden werden. Vorzugsweise ist die Leistungsbaugruppe dazu vorgesehen, die Einstellung der elektrischen Leistung der zumindest drei Heizeinheiten zumindest durch Einstellung der hochfrequenten Wechselspannung vorzunehmen. Vorzugsweise umfasst die Leistungsbaugruppe ferner zumindest einen Gleichrichter. Hierdurch kann ein Montageaufwand vorteilhaft reduziert werden, da eine Vormontage der Leistungsbaugruppe stattfinden kann. Des Weiteren können vorteilhafte elektronische und thermische Eigenschaften erzielt werden, wenn Leistungselektronikkomponenten in einer Leistungsbaugruppe vereint sind. Insbesondere kann eine vorteilhafte Kühlung der Leistungselektronikkomponenten, insbesondere des Gleichrichters und der zumindest zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten, erreicht werden.Advantageously, the circuit device comprises a power module which has the at least two heating frequency units and the heat sink. An "assembly" is to be understood, in particular, as an assembly unit having a plurality of components which are intended to be preassembled into a unit in order in particular to be mounted as a whole in a further unit. Preferably, the assembly is a printed circuit board populated with electronic components. A "power assembly" is to be understood in particular an assembly that is intended to at least supply three heating units with electrical power and preferably make an adjustment of the electrical power of the at least three heating units. The power module preferably performs a frequency conversion in at least one operating state and, in particular, converts an input-side low-frequency AC voltage into an output-side high-frequency AC voltage. A "low-frequency AC voltage" is to be understood as meaning an AC voltage having a frequency of at most 100 Hz. A "high-frequency AC voltage" is to be understood as meaning an AC voltage having a frequency of at least 1000 Hz. Preferably, the power module is provided to make the setting of the electrical power of the at least three heating units, at least by adjusting the high-frequency AC voltage. Preferably, the power assembly further comprises at least one rectifier. As a result, an assembly effort can be reduced advantageously, since a pre-assembly of the power assembly can take place. Furthermore, advantageous electronic and thermal properties can be achieved when power electronics components are combined in a power assembly. In particular, an advantageous cooling of the power electronics components, in particular of the rectifier and the at least two heating frequency units, can be achieved.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Schaltungsvorrichtung eine Filterbaugruppe aufweist, die zu einem Anschluss an die höchstens zwei Leiter des Stromversorgungsnetzes vorgesehen ist. Unter einer "Filterbaugruppe" soll insbesondere eine Baugruppe verstanden werden, welche in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand zumindest eine Filterfunktion, vorzugsweise eine Tiefpass-Filterfunktion zur Minimierung von hochfrequentem Rauschen, übernimmt. Besonders vorteilhaft übernimmt die Filterbaugruppe zusätzlich eine Überspannungsschutzfunktion, vorzugsweise mittels eines Varistors. Die Filterbaugruppe umfasst insbesondere zumindest eine Drossel, insbesondere eine stromkompensierte Drossel, und/oder zumindest einen Kondensator und/oder zumindest einen Varistor. Vorzugsweise ist die Filterbaugruppe leitungstechnisch betrachtet zwischen einem Anschluss an das Stromversorgungsnetz und dem Gleichrichter angeordnet. Vorzugsweise ist die netz und dem Gleichrichter angeordnet. Vorzugsweise ist die Filterbaugruppe dazu vorgesehen, eine Filterung der Leistungsbaugruppe vorzunehmen. Darunter, dass "die Filterbaugruppe zu einem Anschluss an höchstens zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes vorgesehen ist", soll insbesondere verstanden werden, dass die Filterbaugruppe derart ausgelegt ist, dass ein Betrieb entweder nur an genau einem Außenleiter und genau einem Neutralleiter oder nur an genau zwei Außenleitern eines Stromversorgungsnetzes möglich ist. Eine Filterbaugruppe, welche an mehr als zwei Leitern betreibbar ist, insbesondere an zwei Außenleitern und einem Neutralleiter, jedoch nur an zwei Leitern eines Stromversorgungsnetzes betrieben wird, soll insbesondere zu einem Anschluss an zumindest zwei Leiter eines Stromversorgungsnetzes vorgesehen sein. Hierdurch kann ein Montageaufwand vorteilhaft reduziert werden. Des Weiteren können Kosten gesenkt werden, da eine kommerziell erhältliche Filterbaugruppe zum Einsatz kommen kann.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the circuit device has a filter assembly which is provided for connection to the at most two conductors of the power supply network. A "filter assembly" is to be understood in particular as meaning an assembly which, in at least one operating state, adopts at least one filter function, preferably a low-pass filter function for minimizing high-frequency noise. Particularly advantageously, the filter assembly additionally assumes an overvoltage protection function, preferably by means of a varistor. The filter assembly comprises in particular at least one throttle, in particular a current-compensated throttle, and / or at least one capacitor and / or at least one varistor. Preferably, the filter assembly is viewed in terms of line technology between a connection to the power supply network and the rectifier. Preferably, the network and the rectifier arranged. Preferably, the filter assembly is provided to filter the power assembly. By the fact that "the filter assembly is intended for connection to at most two conductors of a power supply network" should be understood in particular that the filter assembly is designed such that operation either only on exactly one outer conductor and exactly one neutral conductor or only on exactly two outer conductors a power supply network is possible. A filter assembly, which is operable on more than two conductors, in particular on two outer conductors and a neutral conductor, but is operated only on two conductors of a power supply network, should be provided in particular for connection to at least two conductors of a power supply network. As a result, an assembly effort can be advantageously reduced. Furthermore, costs can be reduced because a commercially available filter assembly can be used.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Schaltungsvorrichtung höchstens zwei Äquipotentialverbindungspfade zwischen der Filterbaugruppe und der Leistungsbaugruppe aufweist, die zur Übertragung zumindest eines Großteils der Energie von der Filterbaugruppe zu den zumindest drei Heizeinheiten vorgesehen sind. Unter einem "Äquipotentialverbindungspfad" soll insbesondere eine Gesamtheit aller Leitungspfade mit zumindest im Wesentlichen gleichem Potential zwischen zwei Baugruppen, insbesondere zwischen der Filterbaugruppe und der Leistungsbaugruppe, verstanden werden. Eine "Gesamtheit aller Leitungspfade mit zumindest im Wesentlichen gleichem Potential" umfasst insbesondere alle Leitungspfade, deren elektrische Potentiale sich zu jedem Zeitpunkt untereinander um höchstens 10%, vorzugsweise um maximal 5% und besonders vorteilhaft um höchstens 2% unterscheiden. Unter einer "Potentialdifferenz" soll insbesondere eine Differenz zweier Potentiale verstanden werden. Unter einem "Potential eines Äquipotentialverbindungspfads" zu einem Zeitpunkt soll insbesondere ein räumlich gemitteltes Potential des Äquipotentialverbindungspfads zu diesem Zeitpunkt verstanden werden. Darunter, dass die höchstens zwei Äquipotentialverbindungspfade "zurIn a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the circuit device has at most two equipotential bonding paths between the filter assembly and the power assembly, which are provided for transmitting at least a majority of the energy from the filter assembly to the at least three heating units. An "equipotential connection path" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an entirety of all the line paths with at least substantially the same potential between two subassemblies, in particular between the filter subassembly and the power subassembly. A "totality of all conduction paths with at least substantially the same potential" comprises in particular all conduction paths whose electrical potentials differ from each other by at most 10%, preferably by a maximum of 5% and particularly advantageously by at most 2%. A "potential difference" should be understood in particular a difference between two potentials. A "potential of an equipotential connection path" at a time should in particular be understood to mean a spatially averaged potential of the equipotential connection path at this time. By saying that the maximum two equipotential bonding paths "to
Übertragung zumindest eines Großteils der Energie von der Filterbaugruppe zu den zumindest drei Heizeinheiten vorgesehen sind", soll insbesondere verstanden werden, dass in jedem beliebigen Betriebszustand, in welchem wenigstens eine der zumindest drei Heizeinheiten betrieben wird, durch die höchstens zwei Äquipotentialverbindungspfade jeweils ein Strom gleicher Effektivstromstärke fließt, wobei ein Produkt aus der Effektivstromstärke und einem Effektivwert einer Potentialdifferenz zwischen den höchstens zwei Äquipotentialverbindungspfaden, abzüglich einer Leistung, welche anderen, von den betriebenen Heizeinheiten verschiedenen Verbrauchern zugeführt wird, sich höchstens um 20%, vorzugsweise maximal um 10% und besonders vorteilhaft höchstens um 5% von einer Summe von zeitlich gemittelten Heizleistungen der betriebenen Heizeinheiten unterscheidet. Unter einer "zeitlich gemittelten Heizleistung" einer betriebenen Heizeinheit soll insbesondere ein Produkt aus einer durch die Heizeinheit fließenden Effektivstromstärke und einer an der Heizeinheit anliegenden Effektivspannung verstanden werden. Hierdurch kann ein Montageaufwand vorteilhaft reduziert werden.Transmission of at least a majority of the energy from the filter assembly to the at least three heating units are provided, should be understood in particular that in any operating condition in which at least one of the at least three heating units is operated by the at most two equipotential bonding paths each a current of the same RMS current wherein a product of the RMS current and an RMS value of a potential difference between the at most two equipotential bonding paths minus a power supplied to other consumers other than the operated heating units is at most 20%, preferably at most 10%, and most preferably at most The term "time-averaged heating power" of an operated heating unit is intended to mean, in particular, a product made from one of the heating units operated by the heating medium Heating unit flowing RMS amperage and applied to the heating unit RMS voltage can be understood. As a result, an assembly effort can be advantageously reduced.
Ferner wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Leistungsbaugruppe genau zwei gleichgerichtete Äquipotentialstromschienen aufweist, zwischen denen in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand eine Versorgungsspannung für die zumindest drei Heizeinheiten abgegriffen wird. Unter einer "Äquipotentialstromschiene" soll insbesondere eine Gesamtheit aller Leitungspfade mit zumindest im Wesentlichen gleichem elektrischem Potential verstanden werden. Unter "zwei gleichgerichteten Äquipotentialstromschienen" sollen insbesondere zwei Äquipotentialstromschienen mit einer Potentialdifferenz ihrer Potentiale verstanden werden, welche für jeden Zeitpunkt ein gleiches Vorzeichen aufweist. Unter einem "Potential einer Äquipotentialstromschiene" zu einem Zeitpunkt soll insbesondere ein räumlich gemitteltes Potential der Äquipotentialstromschiene zu diesem Zeitpunkt verstanden werden. Vorzugsweise umfasst die Schaltungsvorrichtung und vorzugsweise die Leistungsbaugruppe der Schaltungsvorrichtung genau einen Gleichrichter, vorzugsweise einen Brückengleichrichter, der in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand eine Gleichrichtung der Potentialdifferenz der Äquipotentialverbindungspfade durchführt und eine gleichgerichtete Spannung zwischen den Äquipotentialstromschienen bereitstellt. Hierdurch können Kosten vorteilhaft gesenkt werden, da die Leistungsbaugruppe vereinfacht werden kann und insbesondere nur ein Gleichrichter benötigt wird.Furthermore, it is proposed that the power module has exactly two rectified equipotential busbars, between which in at least one operating state a supply voltage for the at least three heating units is tapped. An "equipotential busbar" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an entirety of all the conduction paths with at least substantially the same electrical potential. The term "two rectified equipotential busbars" is intended in particular to mean two equipotential busbars with a potential difference of their potentials, which has the same sign for each time point. A "potential of an equipotential busbar" at one time should, in particular, be understood to mean a spatially averaged potential of the equipotential busbar at this point in time. Preferably, the circuit device, and preferably the power module of the circuit device, comprises precisely one rectifier, preferably a bridge rectifier, which, in at least one operating state, rectifies the potential difference of the equipotential connection paths and provides a rectified voltage between the equipotential bus bars. This can be advantageously reduced costs, since the power module can be simplified and in particular only one rectifier is needed.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Schaltungsvorrichtung eine Schaltanordnung umfasst, die dazu vorgesehen ist, wenigstens eine der zumindest zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten wahlweise mit wenigstens einer der zumindest drei Heizeinheiten zu verbinden. Unter einer "Schaltanordnung" soll insbesondere eine Einheit verstanden werden, die wenigstens einen Eingang und zumindest zwei Ausgänge aufweist und die dazu vorgesehen ist, den Eingang in zumindest einem Betriebszustand wahlweise mit wenigstens einem der zumindest zwei Ausgänge elektrisch leitend zu verbinden, insbesondere durch eine entsprechende Schaltstellung wenigstens einer Schalteinheit und/oder einer Umschalteinheit. Vorzugsweise entspricht eine Anzahl von Eingängen der Schaltanordnung einer Anzahl von Heizfrequenzeinheiten der Schaltvorrichtung. Vorzugsweise entspricht eine Anzahl von Ausgängen der Schaltanordnung einer Anzahl von Heizeinheiten. Unter einer "Umschalteinheit" soll insbesondere eine Schalteinheit verstanden werden, die in einer ersten von wenigstens zwei Schaltstellungen einen ersten Leitungspfad, insbesondere von dem wenigstens einen Eingang zu einem der zumindest zwei Ausgänge, bildet und in einer zweiten der wenigstens zwei Schaltstellungen einen zweiten, vom ersten Leitungspfad verschiedenen Leitungspfad, insbesondere von dem wenigstens einen Eingang zu dem anderen der zumindest zwei Ausgänge, bildet. Als Umschalteinheit kommt jede, einem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinende Umschalteinheit in Frage, vorzugsweise jedoch ein elektromagnetisches Relais und/oder ein Halbleiterrelais. Vorzugsweise ist die Schaltanordnung Teil der Leistungsbaugruppe. Darunter, dass die Schaltanordnung dazu vorgesehen ist, "wenigstens eine der zumindest zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten wahlweise mit wenigstens einer der zumindest drei Heizeinheiten zu verbinden", soll insbesondere verstanden werden, dass die Schaltanordnung abhängig von einem Betriebszustand dazu vorgesehen ist, eine oder mehrere Heizfrequenzeinheiten mit einer oder mehreren Heizeinheiten elektrisch leitend zu verbinden. Hierdurch können Kosten besonders vorteilhaft gesenkt werden, da eine Anzahl Heizfrequenzeinheiten kleiner ausfallen kann als eine Anzahl Heizeinheiten. Des Weiteren können neue Betriebsarten erschlossen werden, insbesondere wenn zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten gemeinsam parallel eine einzelne Heizeinheit mit Energie versorgen.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the circuit device comprises a switching arrangement which is provided to selectively connect at least one of the at least two heating frequency units to at least one of the at least three heating units. A "switching arrangement" is to be understood in particular as meaning a unit which has at least one input and at least two outputs and which is intended to connect the input in at least one operating state optionally to at least one of the at least two outputs in an electrically conductive manner, in particular by a corresponding one Switching position of at least one switching unit and / or a switching unit. Preferably, a number of inputs of the switching arrangement corresponds to a number of heating frequency units of the switching device. Preferably, a number of outputs of the switching arrangement corresponds to a number of heating units. A "switching unit" is to be understood in particular as a switching unit which forms a first conduction path in a first of at least two switching positions, in particular of the at least one input to one of the at least two outputs, and in a second of the at least two switching positions a second conduction path first conduction path different conduction path, in particular from the at least one input to the other of the at least two outputs forms. As a switching unit, any switchover unit which appears expedient to a person skilled in the art can be considered, but preferably an electromagnetic relay and / or a semiconductor relay. Preferably, the switching arrangement is part of the power assembly. Including that the switching arrangement is provided to "at least one of the at least two Heizfrequenzeinheiten selectively connect to at least one of the at least three heating units," should be understood in particular that the switching device is provided depending on an operating condition to one or more Heizfrequenzeinheiten with a or electrically connect a plurality of heating units. As a result, costs can be reduced particularly advantageous since a number of heating frequency units can be smaller than a number of heating units. Furthermore, new modes of operation can be developed, in particular if two heating frequency units collectively power a single heating unit in parallel.
Vorteilhaft umfasst die Schaltungsvorrichtung genau eine Stromversorgungseinheit, welche zumindest zur Energieversorgung einer Steuereinheit vorgesehen ist. Vorzugsweise ist die Stromversorgungseinheit zusätzlich zur Energieversorgung wenigstens einer Treibereinheit der zumindest zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten und/oder einer Bedienerschnittstelle und/oder zumindest einer Messeinheit, insbesondere einer Temperatur- und/oder Spannungs- und/oder Strommesseinheit, und/oder des Kühllüfters vorgesehen. Unter einer "Stromversorgungseinheit" soll insbesondere eine elektronische Einheit verstanden werden, die dazu vorgesehen ist, zumindest eine weitere Einheit mit Energie zu versorgen, die eine andere als eine von einem Stromversorgungsnetz bereitgestellte Spannung benötigt. Vorzugsweise wird in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand an zumindest einem Ausgang der Stromversorgungseinheit eine Gleichspannung bereitgestellt. Vorzugsweise weist die Stromversorgungseinheit mehrere Ausgänge auf, an denen insbesondere unterschiedliche elektrische Spannungen, vorzugsweise Gleichspannungen, abgreifbar sind. Vorzugsweise ist die Stromversorgungseinheit Teil der Leistungsbaugruppe. Unter einer "Steuereinheit" soll insbesondere eine elektronische Einheit verstanden werden, die eine Recheneinheit und insbesondere zusätzlich zur Recheneinheit eine Speichereinheit mit einem darin gespeicherten Steuerprogramm umfasst. Vorzugsweise ist die Steuereinheit zumindest dazu vorgesehen, die zumindest eine Heizfrequenzeinheit mit Hilfe von Steuersignalen zu steuern und/oder zu regeln. Vorzugsweise ist die Steuereinheit Teil der Leistungsbaugruppe. Hierdurch können Kosten und ferner Anforderungen an eine Kühlung reduziert werden. Des Weiteren kann ein Montageaufwand vorteilhaft verringert werden.Advantageously, the circuit device comprises exactly one power supply unit, which is provided at least for the power supply of a control unit. Preferably, the power supply unit is provided in addition to the power supply of at least one driver unit of the at least two heating frequency units and / or an operator interface and / or at least one measuring unit, in particular a temperature and / or voltage and / or current measuring unit, and / or the cooling fan. A "power supply unit" is to be understood, in particular, as an electronic unit which is intended to supply at least one further unit with energy which requires a voltage other than that provided by a power supply network. Preferably, in at least one operating state, a DC voltage is provided at at least one output of the power supply unit. Preferably, the power supply unit has a plurality of outputs, on which, in particular, different electrical voltages, preferably direct voltages, can be tapped off. Preferably, the power supply unit is part of the power module. A "control unit" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an electronic unit which comprises a computing unit and, in particular in addition to the computing unit, a memory unit with a control program stored therein. The control unit is preferably provided at least for controlling and / or regulating the at least one heating frequency unit with the aid of control signals. Preferably, the control unit is part of the power module. As a result, costs and further requirements for cooling can be reduced. Furthermore, an assembly effort can be advantageously reduced.
Des Weiteren wird vorgeschlagen, dass alle Ausgänge der Stromversorgungseinheit nur ein einziges Referenzpotential aufweisen. Hierdurch kann die Schaltungsvorrichtung vorteilhaft vereinfacht werden.Furthermore, it is proposed that all outputs of the power supply unit have only a single reference potential. As a result, the circuit device can be advantageously simplified.
Ferner wird ein Gargerät, insbesondere ein Kochfeld, mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsvorrichtung vorgeschlagen. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei dem Kochfeld um ein Induktionskochfeld.Furthermore, a cooking appliance, in particular a hob, proposed with a circuit device according to the invention. Preferably, the hob is an induction hob.
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der folgenden Zeichnungsbeschreibung. In der Zeichnung sind zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Die Zeichnung, die Beschreibung und die Ansprüche enthalten zahlreiche Merkmale in Kombination. Der Fachmann wird die Merkmale zweckmäßigerweise auch einzeln betrachten und zu sinnvollen weiteren Kombinationen zusammenfassen.Further advantages emerge from the following description of the drawing. In the drawing, two embodiments of the invention are shown. The drawing, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- ein Gargerät mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsvorrichtung in einer Draufsicht,
- Fig. 2
- die Schaltungsvorrichtung aus
Fig. 1 in einer schematischen Blockdarstellung und - Fig. 3
- eine weitere Schaltungsvorrichtung in einer schematischen Blockdarstellung.
- Fig. 1
- a cooking appliance with a circuit device according to the invention in a plan view,
- Fig. 2
- the circuit device
Fig. 1 in a schematic block diagram and - Fig. 3
- a further circuit device in a schematic block diagram.
Das Induktionskochfeld 50a und insbesondere die Schaltungsvorrichtung umfassen genau zwei Äquipotentialverbindungspfade 22a, 24a, die die Filterbaugruppe 10a und die Leistungsbaugruppe 12a elektrisch leitend miteinander verbinden. In jedem Betriebszustand, in dem zumindest eine der Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a betrieben wird, wird die gesamte von der Filterbaugruppe 10a zu den Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a übertragene Energie über die Äquipotentialverbindungspfade 22a, 24a übertragen. Die Filtereinheit 72a und der Gleichrichter 48a sind über die Äquipotentialverbindungspfade 22a, 24a elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden. Ferner sind die Filtereinheit 72a und ein Eingang der Stromversorgungseinheit 38a über die Äquipotentialverbindungspfade 22a, 24a elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden. Durch den Gleichrichter 48a wird die elektrische Wechselspannung aus dem Stromversorgungsnetz 26a gleichgerichtet und als gleichgerichtete Busspannung für die Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a zwischen genau zwei gleichgerichteten Äquipotentialstromschienen 30a, 32a der Leistungsbaugruppe 12a bereitgestellt. Zwischen den Äquipotentialstromschienen 30a, 32a ist die Buskondensatoreinheit 74a angeordnet. Die zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten 34a greifen in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand diese gleichgerichtete Busspannung an den zwei Äquipotentialstromschienen 30a, 32a ab. Die Heizfrequenzeinheiten 34a umfassen jeweils einen Wechselrichter, der in bekannter Weise aus der gleichgerichteten Busspannung eine hochfrequente Wechselspannung mit einer Frequenz von zumindest 15 kHz für einen Betrieb der Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a erzeugt. Ausgänge der zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten 34a sind über die Schaltanordnung 36a mit den Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a verbunden.The
Die Schaltanordnung 36a erlaubt eine Zuordnung von einer der Heizfrequenzeinheiten 34a zu einer oder mehreren der Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a. Ferner gestattet die Schaltanordnung 36a eine Zuordnung beider Heizfrequenzeinheiten 34a zu einer der Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a zur Leistungssteigerung während eines Ankochvorgangs. Die Schaltanordnung 36a ist dazu vorgesehen, einen Zeitmultiplexbetrieb durchzuführen. Hierbei wird in einer periodisch wiederkehrenden Sequenz eine der Heizfrequenzeinheiten 34a während eines ersten Teilintervalls einer Periodendauer einer ersten Gruppe von Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a zugeordnet und während eines zweiten, vom ersten Teilintervall unterschiedlich ausgebildeten Teilintervalls der Periodendauer einer zweiten, von der ersten Gruppe unterschiedlich ausgebildeten Gruppe von Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a zugeordnet. Die Schaltanordnung 36a umfasst sechs elektromagnetische Relais. Alternativ können die elektromagnetischen Relais durch Halbleiterrelais ersetzt werden. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Schaltanordnung 36a auch eine gleichzeitige Zuordnung der zwei Heizfrequenzeinheiten 34a zu mehreren Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a ermöglichen. Abhängig von einer Schaltstellung der Schaltanordnung 36a werden somit bestimmte Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a in bekannter Weise mit Energie versorgt. Die Heizeinheiten 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a sind in
Die Stromversorgungseinheit 38a ist dazu vorgesehen, die Wechselspannung des Stromversorgungsnetzes 26a zu transformieren und gleichzurichten. Die Stromversorgungseinheit 38a weist mehrere Ausgänge auf, an denen in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand unterschiedliche Gleichspannungen zur Versorgung weiterer elektrischer Verbraucher bereitgestellt sind. Die Stromversorgungseinheit 38a ist zumindest dazu vorgesehen, die Steuereinheit 40a mit Energie zu versorgen. Die Steuereinheit 40a umfasst einen Mikroprozessor und ist zur Steuerung und Regelung des Induktionskochfelds 50a und insbesondere von Komponenten der Schaltungsvorrichtung vorgesehen, wie in
In der
Claims (9)
- Cooking device, in particular hob, having a switch device which is provided for a connection to at least two conductors (28a, 29a; 28b, 29b) of a power supply system (26a; 26b), and is especially designed and/or configured and/or programmed, and which has at least two heat frequency units (34a; 34b) for the energy supply of at least three independent heating units (14a, 16a, 18a, 20a; 14b, 16b, 18b, 20b), characterised in that the switch device has a maximum of one integrally formed heat sink (44a; 44b), to which the at least two heat frequency units (34a; 34b) are thermally contacted, wherein only one heat sink (44a; 44b) is deployed.
- Cooking device according to claim 1, characterised in that the switch device has exactly one cooling fan (46a; 46b) for cooling the heat sink (44a; 44b).
- Cooking device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the switch device has a power module (12a; 12b) which comprises the at least two heat frequency units (34a; 34b) and the heat sink (44a; 44b).
- Cooking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the switch device has a filter module (10a; 10b) which is provided for a connection to the maximum of two conductors (28a, 29a; 28b, 29b) of the power supply system (26a; 26b).
- Cooking device according to claims 3 and 4, characterised in that the switch device has a maximum of two equipotential connection paths (22a, 24a; 22b, 24b) between the filter module (10a; 10b) and the power module (12a; 12b), which are provided for the transmission of at least a majority of the energy from the filter module (10a; 10b) to the at least three heating units (14a, 16a, 18a, 20a; 14b, 16b, 18b, 20b).
- Cooking device according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the power module (12a; 12b) has exactly two rectified equipotential busbars (30a, 32a; 30b, 32b), between which in at least one operating state a supply voltage for the at least three heating units (14a, 16a, 18a, 20a; 14b, 16b, 18b, 20b) is tapped.
- Cooking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the switch device has a switching arrangement (36a; 36b) which is provided to connect at least one of the at least two heat frequency units (34a; 34b) optionally to at least one of the at least three heating units (14a, 16a, 18a, 20a; 14b, 16b, 18b, 20b).
- Cooking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the switch device has exactly one power supply unit (38a; 38b) which is provided at least for the energy supply of a control unit (40a; 40b).
- Cooking device according to claim 8, characterised in that all outputs of the power supply unit (38a; 38b) have only a single reference potential (42a; 42b).
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US11856656B2 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2023-12-26 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Cooking appliance |
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EP3024300B1 (en) | 2013-09-05 | 2017-08-30 | Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag | An induction cooking hob including a cooking area with three or more induction coils and a method for controlling a cooking area |
EP3478026B1 (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2021-06-30 | Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag | Induction hob comprising an electromagnetic interference filter |
WO2022058229A1 (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-03-24 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Induction cooking device |
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DE10017175A1 (en) | 1999-04-09 | 2000-11-30 | Jaeger Regulation Chartres | High frequency current powered heating / cooking element and its manufacturing process |
DE10017176B4 (en) | 1999-04-09 | 2005-03-03 | Jaeger Régulation | Induction hotplate with generators powered induction heaters |
US20020170905A1 (en) | 2001-04-03 | 2002-11-21 | Peterson Gregory A. | Heat sink for printed circuit board components |
EP1445544A1 (en) | 2003-02-08 | 2004-08-11 | Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. | Cooking hob, especially induction cooking hob |
WO2006092179A1 (en) | 2005-03-01 | 2006-09-08 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Heating device for an inductive cooking device |
WO2008061908A1 (en) | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-29 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Heating device circuit |
WO2008064993A1 (en) | 2006-11-28 | 2008-06-05 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Heating apparatus arrangement |
EP1931177A1 (en) | 2006-12-04 | 2008-06-11 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Heating device connection |
EP2028912A2 (en) | 2007-08-24 | 2009-02-25 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Cooking device assembly |
WO2010069616A1 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Cook-top having at least three heating zones |
US20100219179A1 (en) | 2009-03-02 | 2010-09-02 | Delta Electronics, Inc. | Electrical apparatus and air circulating system having such electrical apparatus |
WO2011051856A1 (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2011-05-05 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Cook top comprising at least two heating elements and a power electronics arrangement |
WO2011086506A2 (en) | 2010-01-18 | 2011-07-21 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Household appliance |
EP2506669A2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-03 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Switching device |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11856656B2 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2023-12-26 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Cooking appliance |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2506671A3 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
ES2643136T3 (en) | 2017-11-21 |
EP2506671A2 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
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