EP2499726A2 - Moteur synchrone, notamment pour des véhicules à batterie - Google Patents

Moteur synchrone, notamment pour des véhicules à batterie

Info

Publication number
EP2499726A2
EP2499726A2 EP10779476A EP10779476A EP2499726A2 EP 2499726 A2 EP2499726 A2 EP 2499726A2 EP 10779476 A EP10779476 A EP 10779476A EP 10779476 A EP10779476 A EP 10779476A EP 2499726 A2 EP2499726 A2 EP 2499726A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yoke
synchronous motor
elements
permanent magnets
yoke element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10779476A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jens Onno Krah
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fachhochschule Koeln
Original Assignee
Fachhochschule Koeln
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fachhochschule Koeln filed Critical Fachhochschule Koeln
Publication of EP2499726A2 publication Critical patent/EP2499726A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/021—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
    • H02K21/022—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator
    • H02K21/025—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator by varying the thickness of the air gap between field and armature
    • H02K21/026—Axial air gap machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/021—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
    • H02K21/028—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the magnetic circuit within the field or the armature, e.g. by using shunts, by adjusting the magnets position, by vectorial combination of field or armature sections

Definitions

  • Synchronous motor in particular for battery-powered vehicles
  • the present invention relates to a synchronous motor, in particular for
  • battery-driven vehicles comprising a rotor with yoke elements, wherein the rotor comprises at least a first, permanent magnet bearing yoke member and a second, the first yoke member opposite, permanent magnets supporting yoke member, and with a stator which is arranged between the first and the second yoke member.
  • PMSM permanent-magnet synchronous motors
  • ASM asynchronous machine
  • Permanent magnets For synchronous motors, the magnetic flux is determined by the design. A high magnetic flux can be achieved by correspondingly strong permanent magnets, the efficiency at low
  • a special mode of operation in permanent magnetic synchronous machines is the so-called field weakening operation in which it can be operated with still acceptable losses.
  • the synchronous motor is designed with distributed windings and embedded magnets.
  • motors with concentrated windings, ie single-tooth windings, and surface magnets are easier to manufacture and, in addition, offer better efficiency due to the shorter winding ends.
  • the field weakening operation of the synchronous motor in comparison to the asynchronous machine is cumbersome. Above the nominal speed, the magnetic flux in the motor can be reduced with a negative magnetizing current (l d ). As a result, higher speeds are possible and the iron losses decrease. With the help of embedded magnets, this field-weakening current can indeed be reduced, however, remains a significant reactive current, which increases the construction output of the motor feeding the inverter and in the
  • Stator winding and the semiconductors of the inverter caused additional losses. These losses additionally reduce the efficiency of the overall system.
  • the magnetic flux is freely adjustable without the need for continuous power.
  • this can be used to set the magnetic flux, however, the motor has a very complex mechanical structure, since the rotor rotates at high speed. A possible mechanical structure is not specified in the patent.
  • the resulting magnetic flux is small depending on the orientation of the magnets, the iron leakage is high due to the stray magnetic field, so that the overall efficiency is again reduced.
  • a wheel hub drive is known from the manufacturer BionX under the Internet address www.bionx.ca, which has a arranged in the scar of the rear wheel permanently excited synchronous motor without gear and freewheel. This allows for energy recovery during braking but affects that
  • the basic idea of the present invention is to obtain the magnetic flux of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor absolute adjustable, so that depending on the speed and the operating state (eg freewheel), a certain magnetic flux can be adjusted without the need for continuous power has to be provided ,
  • the adjustability of the magnetic flux is achieved by a mechanical adjustment of at least one of the yoke elements relative to the or the other yoke element or
  • the yoke elements are part of the magnetic circuit, i. of the magnetic flux leading iron body of the synchronous motor and mechanically and magnetically connect the poles of the same.
  • the yoke elements can
  • This embodiment variant can be used in an axial flow motor in which the main magnetic field between the permanent magnets is parallel to the rotor axis.
  • the stator lying between the two yoke elements is also in this embodiment
  • the disc-shaped design of the yoke elements is particularly suitable for producing a Radnarbenmotors, since the axial extent of the synchronous motor can be chosen to be particularly small.
  • the yoke elements may be cylindrical, so that they form coaxial yoke cylinder.
  • the permanent magnets are located in this embodiment in the radial direction opposite, wherein between the permanent magnets rests a bell-shaped stator.
  • the synchronous motor according to the invention has at least two yoke elements, which lie opposite one another and respectively carry permanent magnets corresponding to the number of poles of the synchronous motor.
  • the number of poles may be any even number, for example, 4, 6, 8, 12, or 24.
  • the permanent magnets are evenly distributed along the circumference, i. arranged equidistantly.
  • Synchronous motor i. in the synchronous motor with disc-shaped yoke elements and with cylindrical yoke elements, two inventive
  • one of the yoke elements can be designed to be pivotable relative to the one or more other yoke elements with respect to the rotor axis by an angle, respectively to be pivoted.
  • pivoted or pivotable yoke element permanent magnets so causes the pivoting that the permanent magnets of the first and the second yoke element are no longer exactly opposite, but to the
  • the magnetic main flux between the permanent magnets then no longer runs axially parallel to the axis of rotation in the axial flux motor but at an angle to this. Accordingly, the main magnetic field between the opposing permanent magnets in the radial flux motor is not purely radial but partly on a secant of the cylindrical cross-section of the synchronous motor. In the two cases mentioned, the pivoting of the magnetic main field leads to an increase in the magnetic path length between the permanent magnets and to a
  • Verschwenkungswinkel ⁇ of 360 p is a compensation of the magnetic poles on the yoke elements, so that a flux minimum is achieved. For this reason, a pivoting angle ⁇ of 3607p is to be used preferably as maximum pivoting.
  • one of the yoke elements of the synchronous motor can be opposite to the one or the other
  • Yoke elements be linearly displaceable. This changes its distance from the other yoke elements. If a yoke element carrying permanent magnets is displaced linearly, the distance between the
  • Permanent magnets i. the magnetic gap changes. This leads to an enlargement or reduction of the magnetic path length. Since the air gap forms a magnetic resistance between the permanent magnets, also the linear displacement movement leads to a change of the magnetic
  • the linear displacement movement is particularly advantageous in the embodiment of the synchronous motor according to the invention with disc-shaped yoke elements, since the displacement movement can be realized here in a particularly simple way.
  • the movement takes place in this case parallel to the rotor axis.
  • the displacement movement can amount to at least one rotor length.
  • the synchronous motor according to the invention may comprise a third yoke element, relative to the other two yoke elements according to the first adjustment movement and / or the second
  • Adjustment movement is movable.
  • the first or the second yoke element is formed comparatively thin in cross section, so that the area between the permanent magnets can saturate.
  • the third yoke element can then be applied externally, for example, to this thin yoke element, wherein it increases in the applied state, the iron cross section of the thin yoke element and the magnetic flux at least partially takes over.
  • Flux minimum is then at the saturation limit of the thin yoke element.
  • This variant embodiment is advantageous due to the simple technical feasibility especially in the disc-shaped design of the yoke elements.
  • the third yoke element can be made pivotable relative to the other two yoke elements carrying permanent magnets.
  • the third yoke element bears against the thin yoke element and has recesses which reduce the yoke cross-section locally, so that the thickness of the third yoke element is reduced in the region of its recesses.
  • Recesses are the permanent magnet of the thin yoke element, i.
  • Yoke element may be opposite the thin yoke element at an angle
  • the recesses function in this embodiment as magnetic switches. They cause the thickness of the iron to be locally reduced for guiding the magnetic flux. Be the recesses of the third yoke element by the pivoting between the permanent magnets of the thin
  • the third yoke element becomes so pivoted relative to the thin yoke element that the recesses facing the permanent magnets of the thin yoke element, that are arranged behind these permanent magnets, carries the full iron cross section of the third yoke element at the location between the permanent magnets to
  • the pivotal movement of the third yoke element can be used both in a radial flux motor and in an axial flow motor.
  • the maximum pivotal movement in the third yoke cylinder 360 is 2p, where p is the number of permanent magnets of the thin yoke cylinder, so that the recesses can be pivoted from a central orientation to the permanent magnets to a position between the permanent magnets.
  • the third, recesses having yoke element may be disc-shaped in the Axialbauweise the synchronous motor, the recesses may then be annular segment in cross section.
  • the third, recesses having yoke element may be disc-shaped in the Axialbauweise the synchronous motor, the recesses may then be annular segment in cross section.
  • Yoke element in the radial construction of the synchronous motor according to the invention be cylindrical, wherein the recesses may then extend at least partially in the axial length of the third yoke element.
  • Synchronous motor in the axial design as well as a synchronous motor in radial design each cause either a pivoting movement in the circumferential direction or a linear displacement movement in the axial direction of the axial flux or radial direction in the radial flux motor adjustment of the magnetic flux, wherein for all these cases one of the permanent magnets bearing
  • Yoke elements can be adjusted relative to the or the other yoke elements or a third yoke element relative to the permanent bearing
  • Jochelementen can be adjusted, wherein the third yoke element can be applied to one of the other two yoke elements in the linear displacement movement, or in the alternative embodiment with pivoting recesses and bears against one of the other yoke elements, and wherein the other yoke element in this case as a thin disc or thin cylinder is formed.
  • two or more yoke elements may be adjustable in order to obtain greater flexibility for the adjustability of the magnetic flux.
  • a fourth yoke element may be present in the synchronous motor, which is also designed to be movable.
  • the synchronous motor can have means for adjusting the at least one yoke element with respect to the or the other yoke elements.
  • these means may comprise a servomotor, by means of which an adjustment can be achieved in a particularly simple way.
  • the stator can be made ironless in a development of the synchronous motor according to the invention.
  • Yoke elements relative to the or the other yoke elements is adjusted depending on the speed.
  • the magnetic flux can thereby according to the prescribed adjustment movement, i. by the pivoting movement of the at least one yoke element in
  • Circumferential direction or by a linear displacement movement thereof can be set. For example, at low speeds, i. low
  • Motor speeds of the magnetic flux can be set particularly high by the permanent magnets of the yoke elements are aligned at a pivot angle of 0 ° to each other, that in the same direction magnetized permanent magnets are exactly opposite, and by the third Jochzylinders this rests on the thin yoke cylinder outside and , in the case of existing recesses in the third yoke cylinder these to the
  • Permanent magnets of the thin yoke cylinder are centered. As a result, a high torque with relatively low power is possible.
  • the magnetic flux can be adjusted so that the efficiency of the entire system is maximum. additionally can continue to operate at high speeds, the permanent-magnet synchronous motor in the field weakening range. This is achieved by pivoting the yoke elements against each other in such a way that magnets magnetized in the same direction are not exactly opposite each other, a gap is formed between the thin and the third yoke element or the recesses of the third yoke element are pivoted between the permanent magnets of the thin yoke element. This enables operation with constant power and thus optimally utilizes the semiconductors of the inverter.
  • the magnetic flux can be minimized. This is achieved by maximum pivoting or shifting. This also reduces eddy current and iron losses to a minimum.
  • Synchronous motor also requires no freewheel, so that a return of the braking energy is possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows the synchronous motor 1 according to the invention in a sectional view along an axial plane of the rotor shaft 10.
  • the rotor has a first,
  • the stator 4 is connected to a flange 12 via a cylindrical base.
  • the first yoke ring 2 is in contrast rotatably connected to the rotor shaft 10 so that it rotates with the shaft.
  • the windings of the stator 4 are disc-shaped and preferably iron-free. Due to the ironless structure, the losses in the run-flat operation are minimal.
  • the magnetic flux which runs in the direction of the machine axis, is adjustable by the relative rotation of the two yoke rings 2, 3.
  • a flux maximum results when the permanent magnets magnetize the field in phase.
  • a rotation of the second yoke ring 3 by 30 ° results in the illustrated 12-pole machine by compensation a flux minimum.
  • a cylindrical cover 1 adjoins the radial end of the first yoke ring 2 along the circumference.
  • the second yoke ring 3 may be movably guided by the inside of the cover 11.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view through a radial plane of the synchronous motor 1 according to Figure 1, wherein the radial plane through the permanent magnets 5 of the first yoke ring 2 extends.
  • twelve permanent magnets 5 are arranged in the circumferential direction and alternately axially opposite magnetized.
  • the synchronous motor thus has twelve poles.
  • Permanent magnets 5 is substantially annular segment-shaped, in particular trapezoidal, so that they are arranged equidistant from each other.
  • the second yoke ring 3 has one of the magnet arrangement of the yoke ring 2 corresponding
  • Permanent magnet 5 now no longer runs axially parallel to the rotor axis, but intersects the projection of the main magnetic flux on the rotor axis with this at an angle.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment variant of the synchronous motor 1 according to the invention in an axial construction, ie with a rotor axis 10 parallel to it
  • Figure 4 shows a sectional view of this synchronous motor 1 along an axial plane of the rotor shaft 10.
  • the third yoke ring 3 is designed to be displaceable in this embodiment, wherein it can perform a linear displacement movement in the axial direction. This is through
  • the second yoke 3 may be movably guided by the inside of the cover 11. For example, the outer circumference of the second yoke ring 3 eino in a toothing with the inside of the cover 11.
  • Figures 5 to 7 show an alternative engine variant in radial construction, in which the yoke elements 2, 3, 6 are cylindrical. While the
  • Jochiata 2, 3 in the figures 1 to 4 coaxial yoke rings 2, 3 are formed in the radial design of the synchronous motor according to the invention according to Figures 5 to 7, two coaxial yoke cylinder, of which a first, outer Jochzylinder 2 forms an external rotor and a second , inner yoke cylinder 3 represents an internal rotor.
  • Both yoke cylinders 2, 3 carry permanent magnets which are distributed equidistantly along the circumference, wherein the first yoke cylinder 2 on its inside and the second yoke cylinder 3 on its outside
  • Permanent magnets 5 carries.
  • FIG. 5 shows a pivoting of the inner yoke cylinder 2 with respect to the outer yoke cylinder 3 by an angle ⁇ .
  • the Winkelverschwenkung is 15 °, so that the center of the extension of the outer permanent magnets 5 in
  • Figure 6 shows a cross section of the synchronous motor according to Figure 4 along an axial plane through the rotor shaft 10.
  • the stator 4 is bell-shaped and engages between the two yoke cylinders 2, 3.
  • the outer yoke cylinder 2 is rotatably connected via a disc 13 with the rotor shaft 10.
  • the inner yoke cylinder 3 is also non-rotatably connected via the disc 13 with the rotor shaft 10, but can be pivoted relative to the disc 13 as in Figure 5 by an angle ⁇ .
  • FIG. 7 shows a further alternative embodiment variant of the synchronous motor according to the invention. This has three Jochzylinder 2, 3, 6, which are each arranged coaxially to the motor axis. The outer yoke cylinder 2 is in this
  • Embodiment designed so thin in its radial thickness that occurs between the permanent magnet 5 in forming the magnetic field saturation.
  • the third yoke cylinder 6 abuts the outside of the second yoke cylinder 2 directly, so that the effective cross section of the iron carrying the magnetic flux in the region between the outer permanent magnets is increased. The magnetic flux is thus partially guided in the outer yoke cylinder 2 and the third yoke cylinder 6.
  • the third yoke cylinder 6 also has
  • the recesses 7 extend at least partially in the axial direction of the third yoke cylinder 6 and are arranged equidistantly along the circumference of the yoke cylinder 6.
  • the third yoke cylinder 6 can be pivoted relative to the other two, permanent magnets 5 supporting yoke cylinders 2, 3 by an angle ⁇ .
  • the maximum radial thickness of the third Joch cylinder 6 stands for the magnetic return flow between circumferentially adjacent permanent magnets 5 for flux guidance, so that no premature saturation between the outer permanent magnets 5 occurs.
  • the third Joch cylinder 6 is pivoted by an angle of 15 ° relative to the outer, permanent magnets carrying yoke cylinder 2, the lie Recesses 7 just between the outer permanent magnet 5, so that only the minimum radial thickness of the third yoke cylinder 6 for the magnetic
  • the recesses 7 of the third yoke ring 6 thus represent a kind of magnetic switch, by means of which the magnetic flux can be influenced.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un moteur synchrone (1), notamment destiné à des véhicules à batterie, et un procédé de fonctionnement de ce moteur synchrone. Le moteur synchrone (1) présente un rotor doté d'éléments de culasse (2, 3, 6), le rotor comprenant au moins un premier élément de culasse (2) portant des aimants permanents (5), et, opposé au premier élément de culasse (2), un deuxième élément de culasse (3) portant des aimants permanents (5). Un stator (4) est disposé entre le premier et le deuxième élément de culasse (2, 3). Au moins un des éléments de culasse (2, 3, 6) est réglable par rapport à l'autre ou aux autres éléments de culasse (2, 3, 6) de telle façon que le flux magnétique puisse être modifié, le réglage s'effectuant en fonction de la vitesse de rotation.
EP10779476A 2009-11-13 2010-11-12 Moteur synchrone, notamment pour des véhicules à batterie Withdrawn EP2499726A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910052825 DE102009052825A1 (de) 2009-11-13 2009-11-13 Synchronmotor, insbesondere für batteriebetriebene Fahrzeuge
PCT/EP2010/006898 WO2011057796A2 (fr) 2009-11-13 2010-11-12 Moteur synchrone, notamment pour des véhicules à batterie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2499726A2 true EP2499726A2 (fr) 2012-09-19

Family

ID=43877546

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10779476A Withdrawn EP2499726A2 (fr) 2009-11-13 2010-11-12 Moteur synchrone, notamment pour des véhicules à batterie

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2499726A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009052825A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011057796A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014206342A1 (de) 2014-04-02 2015-10-08 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Rotor für eine elektrische Maschine mit Einrichtung zur Feldschwächung sowie elektrische Maschine

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4223836A1 (de) * 1992-07-20 1994-01-27 Dornier Gmbh Mechanische Spannungsregelung für Permanentmagnetgeneratoren
DE4421594A1 (de) * 1994-06-21 1996-01-04 Bernhard Kraser Vorrichtung zur Veränderung der magnetischen Luftspaltinduktion in elektromechanischen Energiewandlern, bei denen der magnetische Widerstand des magnetischen Schließungskreises in der Maschine variabel ist
JP3301303B2 (ja) * 1995-10-13 2002-07-15 トヨタ自動車株式会社 電動機
AU3619299A (en) * 1998-04-23 1999-11-16 Turbo Genset Company Limited, The Rotary electrical machines
US6025666A (en) 1998-06-22 2000-02-15 General Electric Company Controllable flux permanent magnet motor
JP4685371B2 (ja) * 2004-05-18 2011-05-18 セイコーエプソン株式会社 相対駆動装置
DE102006036986A1 (de) * 2006-08-08 2008-02-14 Volkswagen Ag Elektromotor mit mechanischer Feldschwächeinrichtung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2011057796A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011057796A3 (fr) 2012-02-16
WO2011057796A2 (fr) 2011-05-19
DE102009052825A1 (de) 2011-05-19

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