EP2497402A2 - Shower partition and shower cabin with brake mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The enclosure (1) has a movable glass door (4) i.e. sliding door, movable along a movement path (16). A mechanical braking device (2) enables braking of the door in a portion of the movement path. The braking device comprises a carriage, which is displaceably arranged in profile guides in an end section of the movement path, where the carriage comes into engagement with the door to brake the movement of the door. An energy storage e.g. spring, cooperates with the carriage such that braking force moves the door into a closing position. The movement path is formed as a circular path portion.

Description

The invention relates to a shower enclosure with a movable door, in particular sliding door, which is movable along a movement path. Furthermore, the invention relates to a braking device for a door, in particular sliding door of a shower enclosure and a shower cubicle with a shower tray and a shower enclosure.

Shower enclosures are commonly known. They are usually used in wet rooms or bathrooms to separate a shower area. Often they are also used in conjunction with shower trays or shower cubicles. A shower enclosure regularly comprises a fixed space separating element, for example in the form of a framed or framed glass or plastic pane and at least one pivotable door or sliding door. The door or sliding door is used to release or close a passable area in the shower enclosure. It is advantageous if the door or sliding door closes the shower enclosure at least splash-proof.

In modern shower enclosures there is a great need on the one hand on large opening areas, and high-quality materials such as glass and on the other hand easy handling and easy cleaning. So far, multi-part doors were often used, which move over one another when opening, so they have a larger passable area can release. However, such multi-part doors are often difficult to clean and also in handling, they have disadvantages, since these multi-part doors tend to tilt often. In the case of one-piece doors, on the other hand, there is the problem that these, especially if they are made of real glass, are problematic to handle. For example, closing or opening the door too quickly may result in premature material fatigue, even cracks, while closing too slowly may result in the door not being fully closed and water leaking out.

The object of the present invention is to provide a shower enclosure which is easier to handle and / or improved with respect to at least one of the above-mentioned problems.

The object is achieved in a shower enclosure of the type mentioned by a mechanical braking device for braking the door in a portion of the trajectory.

By the mechanical braking device, the door or sliding door is braked in a section when moving on the trajectory, whereby the handling of the shower enclosure is significantly simplified. It prevents the door from slamming, which also has a positive effect on the service life and aesthetic perception of a shower screen. Such a braking device also prevents the door or sliding door from rebounding too close from a closed position and remains open, which could leak water spray. In particular, characterized in that the braking device is mechanically formed this is low maintenance, easy to use and easily adaptable to given environmental conditions.

The braking device according to the invention can be used in pan as well as sliding doors. In particular, the braking device can be used with straight sliding doors. However, the shower enclosure is particularly preferably equipped with a door which is displaceable on a curved path. Such a shower enclosure is formed, for example, four-circle. In addition, it is advantageously used in the bathroom area. In particular, the braking device is designed exclusively mechanically. The section of the movement path is preferably arranged in an end section of the movement path. A door or sliding door of the invention Shower partition is preferably reciprocable between an open position and a closed position on a predetermined path of movement. An end section is here the section directly in front of the open position and / or the closed position. In particular, the section has a predetermined length greater than zero. In one alternative, the section is 5 to 15% of the total trajectory. In another alternative, the section is between 2 and 5 cm long.

In a first preferred embodiment, the braking means comprises a carriage slidably disposed in a guide in an end portion of the trajectory, the carriage engaging the door during movement of the door to decelerate the movement. Thus, it is advantageously possible to decelerate the door exclusively in the end section while being freely movable in the remaining area of the movement path. Thus, a handling of the door is further simplified. Alternatively, the carriage is disposed on the door and movable therewith, the carriage being arranged to be activated in the end section, thus slowing the movement.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the braking device has at least one braking element which is set up to convert a movement component of the sliding door along the movement path in a braking force acting at least partially counter to the direction of movement. In particular, the braking element is configured to convert a component of movement of the sliding door along the movement path into an at least partially perpendicular to this normal force acting over which a braking force or friction force is generated. Preferably, the braking force is generated by friction. For this purpose, the braking element can be equipped, for example, with a functional surface arranged obliquely relative to the direction of movement, via which, for example, a brake pad is pressed against a section of the guide such that a braking force is caused. In particular, friction is preferred, since a gentle braking is possible by means of friction, whereby the handling is simplified. In addition, a gentle deceleration leads to an aesthetic perception of the shower enclosure.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the carriage has a carriage body, a movable engageable with the door movable on the carriage body and / or on the guide arranged driver and the brake element, and the driver comes with a movement of the door in a closed position with this in intervention and thus brings the brake element in braking intervention. Preferably, the driver is arranged to be movable relative to the carriage and / or to the braking element. About the driver, which is movably arranged on the carriage, the door engages with the carriage and this brakes the door in the movement. By engaging the driver with the door also the braking element is activated, whereby a braking force acting at least partially against the direction of movement is generated. About these elements and the interaction of these elements, a particularly advantageous construction of a braking device is ensured. The door is freely movable in the region of the movement path that is not the end section and engages in the end section with the driver, whereby the brake element is activated and the door is braked by means of the braking element and the carriage.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the driver is configured to bring the brake element out of braking engagement when the sliding door is moved out of the closed position. In particular, an easy opening of the door or sliding door is made possible. The door is slowed down only when closing, whereas the opening of the door from the closed position happens to be substantially frictionless or free of braking. Alternatively, the braking device is set up so that the door is slowed down during opening, in particular in an end section of the movement path in front of the open position. In such an alternative, the driver is configured to disengage the brake element upon movement of the door from the open position to the closed position. In particular, the handling of a shower enclosure according to the invention is substantially simplified.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the shower enclosure on an energy storage, which is designed in particular as a spring, and cooperates with the carriage, that a braking force overcoming the closing force moves the door in the closed position. As a result, if the door is not completely closed but at least moved into the end portion, the door is automatically closed by means of the energy store. Such an energy store is designed in particular as a tension spring. Alternatively, such an energy storage device can also be designed as a weight using the potential energy or as a pneumatic element. Preferably, this energy storage is charged by moving the door from the closed position into an open position. By this arrangement, a door of a shower enclosure with, for example, a lot of momentum can be closed. It is then braked by engaging with the driver and at the same time slowly or gently pulled by the energy storage in the closed position. This considerably simplifies the handling of a shower enclosure. Also, the aesthetics is advantageously developed. In addition, such a shower enclosure on an increased security against leakage of water spray, as the door, if it is not fully closed, automatically closes.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the driver is connected by means of the energy storage with a portion of the shower enclosure that when the driver is engaged with the door, both are moved together by means of the energy storage in the closed position or held. This is advantageous because the driver comes into engagement with the door and so the door can be moved by means of the energy storage in the closed position or can be held in this. Advantageously, the energy storage also supports or causes a relative movement of the driver to the carriage, whereby the brake element can be activated.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the driver, when it is out of engagement with the door, arranged in a locking position, wherein the driver is positively connected in this locking position with a locking portion of the guide. This locking position can also be referred to as the waiting position of the driver. The locking position is preferably arranged at a distance from the closed position. The driver waits in this locked position until the door is moved to him and engages him. By engaging the catch is released from this locked position and the brake element is activated. In addition, the door is preferably pulled by means of the energy storage in the closed position. Upon moving the door from the closed position to an open position, the dog is moved to and locked in the locking position, disengaging the door. Thus, the simple handling of the door is further simplified, and the energy storage is charged in an advantageous manner easily.

According to a further embodiment, the driver is mutually engaged with the door and with the locking portion in a form-fitting engagement. Thus, a particularly good functioning of the shower enclosure is achieved, whereby the handling is much easier.

According to a further preferred embodiment, means for limiting a maximum braking force are arranged on the carriage. This makes it possible on the one hand to adjust the shower enclosure or the braking device to individual user needs, whereby the handling is simplified. On the other hand, if an energy storage is provided as described above, an automatic closing of the door is adjustable. This, in turn, also simplifies the handling and improves the aesthetics of the shower enclosure.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the carriage has rollers and the braking element interacts with at least one of the rollers. Due to the rollers, the slide is even better in a leadership feasible and in a simple manner substantially frictionless movable, as long as he is not in braking engagement. According to this embodiment, the brake element cooperates with the rollers. So a good brake transmission is achieved. In addition, no additional brake section must be provided on the guide.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the rollers and / or a portion of the braking element are made of a material with a high coefficient of friction, preferably rubber. So it is possible to achieve a corresponding braking force even at a low force. This increases the life of a shower enclosure.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the movement path is curved, in particular as a circular path section. The shower enclosure is developed particularly advantageous if it is curved, for example, a quarter circle. The braking device is particularly advantageous due to the small size in curved trajectories of the door used.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the shower enclosure has a substantially splash-proof shielding for the braking device. Thus, spray water is kept out of a shower interior of the braking device and preferably the guide. Thus, the braking effect of the braking device is positively influenced and the braking device is also kept free of contamination. This further simplifies handling, also with regard to cleaning.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the braking device is arranged in an upper portion of the shower enclosure. The upper section here refers to a common installation position of a shower enclosure. In particular, an upper section a shower enclosure is not so much sprayed as a lower section of a shower enclosure. Thus, the braking device is even better protected against water spray, whereby the functionality and durability is better ensured. In addition, cleaning is also simplified.

According to a further alternative embodiment or a further aspect of the invention, a shower enclosure, in particular a shower enclosure with the features described above is characterized in that the door is reciprocated on the trajectory between the closed position and an open position and has two braking devices, wherein a first braking device brakes the door during a movement into the closed position and a second braking device brakes the door during a movement into the open position. Particularly advantageously, the shower enclosure and / or the braking device is designed according to the above features. Thus, a handling of a shower enclosure is further simplified, especially when opening and closing the door.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the object of a braking device of the type mentioned is achieved by the braking device is designed with the features of a braking device of the above embodiments. Such a braking device can be used in a variety of ways, especially in shower enclosures, shower cubicles, shower doors, sauna doors and the like. For the advantages, reference is made to the embodiments described above.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the object is achieved in a shower cubicle with a shower tray and a shower enclosure of the type mentioned above in that the shower enclosure is designed according to the embodiments described above. In particular, the interaction of a shower enclosure with a shower cubicle is advantageous and easy for a user to handle.

Figur 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Duschabtrennung in einer Frontalansicht;

Figur 2

einen vertikalen Schnitt durch die Duschabtrennung gemäß Figur 1;

Figur 3

einen horizontalen Schnitt durch die Duschabtrennung gemäß Figur 1;

Figur 4

eine Detailansicht eines horizontalen Schnitts durch die Duschabtrennung gemäß den Figuren 1 bis 3;

Figur 5

eine Detailansicht eines vertikalen Schnitts durch die Duschabtrennung gemäß den Figuren 1 bis 3;

Figur 6

eine Detailansicht eines Schlittens einer Bremseinrichtung;

Figur 7

einen horizontalen Schnitt durch einen Schlitten und eine Bremseinrichtung; und

Figur 8

einen vertikalen Schnitt durch eine Bremseinrichtung gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel.

The invention is described below with reference to two embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1

a shower enclosure according to the invention in a front view;

FIG. 2

a vertical section through the shower enclosure according to FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3

a horizontal section through the shower enclosure according to FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 4

a detailed view of a horizontal section through the shower enclosure according to the FIGS. 1 to 3 ;

FIG. 5

a detailed view of a vertical section through the shower enclosure according to the FIGS. 1 to 3 ;

FIG. 6

a detailed view of a carriage of a braking device;

FIG. 7

a horizontal section through a carriage and a braking device; and

FIG. 8

a vertical section through a braking device according to a second embodiment.

According to FIG. 1 For example, a shower enclosure 1 has a frame 8, which can also be integrated into a building wall. In the frame 8, a movable glass door 4 and a fixed partition 6 are arranged, which is also formed of glass. In an upper portion of a rail 10 is arranged on the sliding glass door 4 by means of two rollers 12, 14 along a movement path 16 back and forth. In an end portion of the movement path 16, a braking device 2 is arranged. The door 4 is configured to selectively close the opening portion 18.

The door 4 is according to this embodiment ( FIG. 2 ) guided in an upper portion in the rail 10 (see section BB, shown in FIG FIG. 2 ). The movement path 16 is according to this embodiment ( FIG. 1 . 2 . 3 ) formed along the rail 10 and arranged coaxially therewith. Alternatively, the shower enclosure 1 is curved, for example, formed in a quarter circle. According to such an embodiment, the door 4 is movable along a curved path of movement. In a further alternative, the door 4 is designed as a pivotable door. According to such an alternative, the braking device 2 is preferably arranged in a portion of a circular arc of the pivotal path of the door or tangential to this.

As in particular from FIG. 3 As can be seen, the braking device 2 is arranged in an end portion of the movement path 16 according to this embodiment. This end portion is arranged corresponding to the opening portion 18. Related to FIG. 3 he is on the right side. Alternatively, the braking device 2 may also be arranged in an end section based on an opening movement of the door. According to such an embodiment, the braking device is preferably based on the left side of the movement path 16 FIG. 3 orderly. In another alternative two brake devices 2 are provided, one on the left and one on the right side of the movement path 16 according to FIG. 3 arranged.

The exact structure of the braking device 2 is in particular from the FIGS. 4 to 7 seen. First, to the interaction of the braking device 2 with the shower enclosure 1 in the FIGS. 4 and 5 shown, whereas in the FIGS. 6 and 7 the braking device 2 is only partially shown.

FIG. 4 is an enlargement of detail view C off FIG. 3 , The braking device 2 accordingly has a carriage 20, which is arranged movably in a profile guide 23. The profile guide 23 is arranged parallel to the rail 10. On the rail 10, the door 4 is guided linearly by means of the roller 14 (only one roller shown). On the carriage 20, a driver 28 is further arranged, which penetrates the carriage 20. The driver 28 has a first prong 282 and a second prong 283, which are arranged on the door 4 facing side of the carriage 20. On the side facing away from the door 4 of the carriage 20, the driver 28 has a projection 281 on. Further, the driver 28 has a rotation portion 284 about which this is partially rotatable. The driver 28 is arranged in a guide rail 22 so that it is linearly movable along a longitudinal direction of the guide rail 22 and at least partially pivotable about the rotation portion 284.

At this rotation portion 284, an energy storage 32 is arranged, which is formed according to this embodiment as a spring 32. The spring 32 is arranged substantially coaxially with the guide 22 in this. The spring 32 is biased so that it pulls the driver 28 in the direction 17 of the closed position along the movement path 16. The projection 281 of the driver 28 acts with a recess 221 in the guide 22 as a positive locking of the driver 28. According to FIG. 4 the driver 28 is therefore arranged in the locking position.

On the door 4, a mandrel 30 is arranged such that it comes with a movement of the door 4 in the direction 17 of the closed position with the driver 28 is engaged. Is the door according to FIG. 4 Moving from left to right in the direction of the arrow 17 in a closed position, the mandrel 30 first moves over the first prong 282, abuts against the second prong 283, thereby rotates the driver 28 about the rotation portion 284, so that the projection 281 disengaged comes with the recess 221. At the same time, this rotation and relative movement of the driver 28 to the Slide 20 of these activated, so that a braking starts (in FIG. 4 and 5 Not shown). As a result of the rotation of the driver 28 about the rotation section 284, the first prong 282 comes behind the mandrel 30 so that it is enclosed axially with respect to the direction 17 by the prongs 282, 283 from both sides. The door 4 is then engaged with the driver 28. By the spring 32 of the driver 28 is pulled in the direction 17, wherein the braking device 2 is in braking engagement. Since the driver 28 is in engagement with the mandrel 30 and thus with the door 4, the door 4 is pulled in the direction 17 in the closed position.

The brake element 24, via which the braking engagement of the brake device 2 is activated, is arranged within the carriage body 26 of the carriage 20 ( FIG. 6 ). The brake element 24 is substantially rectangular in this case, wherein it has a relation to the direction of movement 17 obliquely arranged functional surface 242. Furthermore, the brake element 24 has a rectangular elongate opening 241. The opening 241 partially overlaps with an opening 261 of the carriage body 26 in the overlap portion 262. By this overlapping portion 261 of the two openings 241, 261 of the driver 28 projects with the two prongs 282, 283 (in FIG. 6 not shown, cf. therefor FIG. 7 ).

The carriage 20 further has according to this embodiment, three rollers 36, 37, 38, with which the carriage 20 is guided in the profile guide 23 ( FIG. 5 . FIG. 6 ). Roller 37 is referenced in the vertical direction FIG. 6 movably arranged on the carriage body 26 and biased by a spring 40.

When the brake member 24 is moved in the direction 17 by means of the driver 28 relative to the carriage body 26, the functional surface 242 comes into contact with the roller 37 and converts a movement in the direction 17 in a direction corresponding to 17 in a braking force. The braking force is greater, the further the brake element 24 is moved in the direction 17 relative to the carriage body 26. To limit a maximum braking force, the brake element 24 is coupled to an adjustment mechanism 34. This adjustment mechanism 34 has a threaded rod 341 and a nut 342, wherein the threaded rod 341 is coupled to the driver 24 and projects through the carriage housing 26. The nut 343 is disposed outside of the carriage housing 26. By a corresponding positioning of the nut 342 on the threaded rod 341 relative to the brake element 24, a movement path of the brake element relative to the carriage body 26 can be adjusted in the direction 17. This limits a maximum braking force.

Overall, the braking device 2, in particular the carriage 20 has a very compact design (see, for example. FIG. 6 ). As a result, the braking device can be used in a particularly advantageous manner in curved, for example. Quarter-circular trajectories of doors. The carriage 20 requires no structural changes, only the profile guide 23, in which the carriage 20 is guided, must also be curved.

The operation of a shower enclosure 1 or a braking device 2 according to the first embodiment ( FIGS. 4 to 7 ) is thus as follows: If the door 4 is moved from an open position to a closed position along the movement path 16 in the direction 17, this initially moves without braking. When the door 4 reaches the end section on the movement path 16, the mandrel 30 engages the catch 28 and releases it from the locking position, by rotating the catch 28 about the rotation section 284, thereby disengaging the projection 281 from the recess 221. By this rotation and linear movement of the driver 28 relative to the carriage body 26, the driver 28 also displaces the brake member 24 relative to the carriage body 26, whereby the brake member 24 engages the functional surface 242 with the roller 37 of the carriage 20 and thus movement of the carriage 20 together with the door 4 brakes ( FIG. 6 ). By the driver 28 is coupled to the spring 32, the movement is not only slowed down, but the carriage 20 is pulled together with driver 28 and thus also door 4 in the direction 17 in the closed position. For this purpose, the force which is released by spring 32 is preferably greater than the braking force which is applied by the brake element 24. To adjust this braking force, the adjustment mechanism 34 is used.

If a door 4, which is in the closed position, now moved in an open position opposite to direction 17, the mandrel 30 presses against the first prong 283 of the driver 28, whereby the brake member 24 is out of braking engagement with the roller 37 and counteract the movement Direction 17 may proceed substantially unchecked. At the same time, the spring 32 is tensioned. Reached the driver 28, the recess 221, the projection 281 engages in the recess 221, whereby the driver 28 rotates and the first prongs 282 the mandrel 30 releases so that the door 4 freely against Direction 17 can move. This movement is completely unrestrained. Consequently, the driver 28 is mutually engaged with the recess 221 and the mandrel 30. According to FIG. 8 a second embodiment of a braking device 2 is shown. Here, the same and similar elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

According to this embodiment ( FIG. 8 ), the carriage 2 is arranged in a guide 23 of the braking device 2. The carriage 20 has a carriage body 26, four rollers 36, 37, 38, 39 and the brake element 24. By means of the four rollers 36, 37, 38, 39, the carriage 20 is guided in the guide 23. The brake member 24 is formed substantially rectangular and arranged movable relative to the carriage body 26. It has an opening 241 which coincides with the opening 261 of the carriage body 26 in a covering section 262. By this overlapping portion 262 of the driver 28 extends through (in FIG. 8 Not shown). The brake element 24 is connected via a connecting element 60 with a hinge 50. About the joint 50 two brake pads 56, 58 are connected by means of two push rods 52, 54 with the connecting element 60. The push rods 52, 54 are pivotally connected to the hinge 50 and protrude through two openings 64, 66 of the carriage body 26 from this in the direction of the guide 23 out. If, when the door 4 is moved, the driver 28 is brought into engagement with the mandrel 30 (in FIG FIG. 8 not shown) and so the brake member 24 is moved in the direction 17 relative to the carriage body 26, the hinge 50 is also moved in that direction, whereby the two brake pads 56, 58 via the push rods 52, 54 and acting as a guide recesses 64, 66 pressed against an inner portion of the guide 23. Thus, a braking of the door 4 is achieved. Furthermore, the braking device 2 according to the embodiment FIG. 8 a second spring 62 which is disposed between the hinge 50 and the carriage body 26 so as to bring the brake pads 56, 58 out of braking engagement. This is particularly advantageous when moving the door 4 from a closed position or a braked position, while the door 4 is in engagement with the driver 28, support for disengaging the brake element 24 is required.

Claims (18)

Shower partition (1) with a movable door (4), in particular a sliding door, which is movable along a movement path (16),
characterized by a mechanical braking device (2) for braking the door (4) in a section of the movement path (16). Shower partition according to claim 1,
characterized in that the braking device (2) has a carriage (20) which is displaceably arranged in a guide (22, 23) in an end section of the movement path (16),
wherein the carriage (20) engages the door (4) during movement thereof to slow the movement. Shower partition according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the braking device (2) comprises at least one braking element (24) which is adapted to a movement component of the door (4) along the movement path (16) in an at least partially opposite to the direction of movement (17) acting to convert braking force. Shower partition according to claims 2 or 3,
wherein the carriage (20) comprises a carriage body (26), a movable with the door (4) engageable on the carriage body (26) and / or on the guide (22, 23) arranged driver (28) and the brake element (24 ) having,
and the driver (28) engages the door (4) in a closed position and brings the brake element (24) into braking engagement. Shower partition according to claim 4,
characterized in that the driver (28) is adapted to bring when moving the door (4) from the closed position out of braking the brake element (24). Shower partition according to one of claims 2 to 5,
characterized by an energy store (32), in particular designed as a spring which cooperates with the carriage (20) such that a closing force overcoming the braking force moves the door (4) into the closed position. Shower partition according to one of claims 4 to 6,
characterized in that the driver (28) by means of the energy store (32) is connected to a portion of the shower enclosure (1), that when the driver (28) with the door (4) is engaged, both together by means of the energy store ( 32) are moved or held in the closed position. Shower partition according to one of claims 4 to 7,
characterized in that when the driver (28) is disengaged from the door (4), is arranged in a locking position, wherein the driver (28) in this locking position is positively connected to a locking portion (221) of the guide (22). Shower partition according to claim 8,
characterized in that the driver (28) is in mutual engagement with the door (4) and with the locking portion (221) in positive engagement. Shower partition according to one of claims 2 to 9,
characterized in that on the carriage (20) means (34) are arranged for limiting a maximum braking force. Shower partition according to one of claims 3 to 10,
characterized in that the carriage (20) comprises rollers (36, 37, 38, 39) and the braking element (24) cooperates with at least one of the rollers (36, 37, 38, 39). Shower partition according to claim 11,
characterized in that the rollers (36, 37, 38, 39) and / or a portion of the braking member (24) are formed of a high coefficient of friction material, preferably rubber. Shower partition according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the movement path (16) is curved, in particular as a circular path section. Shower partition according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by a substantially splash-proof shield for the braking device (2). Shower partition according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the braking device (2) is arranged in an upper portion of the shower enclosure (1). Shower partition, in particular shower enclosure (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the door (4) on the movement path (16) between the closed position and an open position is movable back and forth and two braking devices (2), wherein a first braking device (2) the door (4) during a movement in the closing position is decelerated and a second braking device (2) brakes the door (4) during a movement into the open position. Braking device (2) for a door (4), in particular a sliding door of a shower enclosure (1), characterized in that it is designed according to the features of a braking device (2) according to at least one of claims 1 to 16. Shower cabin with a shower tray and a shower enclosure (1),
characterized in that the shower enclosure (1) according to the features of at least one of claims 1 to 16 is formed.

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